2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第15期

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国人民大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖
析B卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
Britain’s hope of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered（） yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during preliminary session.
问题1选项
A.a severe set-back
B.sharp set-back
C.a severe blown-up
D.sharp blown-up
【答案】A
【解析】set-back阻碍，停止，为名词，前面需加冠词a，排除选项B；blown-up放大的，膨胀的，为形容词，不用冠词a修饰，排除选项C。

句意：当Hunter在预赛中未能晋级，英国在奥运会上夺冠的希望昨日遭遇严重挫折。

选项A更符合语境。

2.
单选题
In modern days, on the western bank of the upper Tigris River stands an Iraqi city called Qal’at Shartlat. Thousands of years ago, this very site was once the capital of a great Mesopotamian empire. At the time, the place had a different name. It was called Ashur or Arrur. The word Ashur eventually gave rise to the team Assyria, which was the northern part of Mesopotamia. People living in that region later became known as the Assyrians.
Historians often divide the long history of Assyria into three periods even though they cannot reach a consensus over the exact dates of each era. The three periods was the Old Assyrian Period (circa 2000 B.C.—1400 B.C. ), the Middle Assyrian Period (circa 1365 B.C.—1100 B.C. ) and the Neo-Assyrian Empire ( circa 934 B. C.— 609 B.C.).
Archaeological evidence showed that people began to settle in Ashur as early as 2500 B. C. But it did not attain any political significance until the third dynasty of Ur collapsed in 2004 B. C. After that fiasco, the Assyrians transformed the Ashur into a bustling commercial center, controlling trade routes to and from Anatolia. In 1813 B. C. , the first great Assyrian king, Shamshi-Adad I, ascended the throne and began a series of military expansions. At the height of his reign, his kingdom owned the entire northern Mesopotamia. Its growing influence gave its neighbor plenty of reasons to be wary. While things were going splendidly for this Assyrian upstart, Shamshi-Adad passed away in 1791 B. C. Soon after his death, the kingdom began to fall apart. Knowing that the Shamshi-Adad5s empire was on the verge of collapse, Hammurabi of the 1st dynasty of Babylon jumped at the chance and invaded northern Mesopotamia. He conquered Ashur in 1760 B. C. From that point on to the middle of 1300s B.C. , Assyria was reduced to a mere vassal state. At first, it had to answer to the 1st dynasty of Babylon. After that empire was eradicated, it turned to submit to a Human kingdom called Mitanni. It was not until 1365 B. C. that Assyria, then ruled by Ashur-uballit I, was able to regain its independence. For the next couple hundred years, Assyria grew increasingly powerful. It eventually defeated Babylonia and even occupied Egypt.
1.According to the article, the Assyrian lived in part of modern-day（）.
2.According to the historians, the history of Assyria has lasted for about （）.
3.It was during the reign of Shamshi-Adad I, the first great Assyrian King, when the Assyrians （）.
4.During the reign of Shamshi-Adad I, the neighboring countries of Assyrian Empire（）.
5.In history, the Assyrians were once very powerful, and they even occupied（）at one stage. 问题1选项
A.Egypt
B.India
C.China
D.Iraq
问题2选项
A.4, 000 years
B.3, 800 years
C.3, 100 years
D.1, 400 years
问题3选项
A.began to expand their empire with military forces
B.began to open new trade routes
C.began to encourage commercial activities
D.began to establish diplomatic relations with other countries
问题4选项
A.all showed their respect
B.all admired the achievements of Shamshi-Adad I
C.all became vigilant and anxious
D.all paid tribute to Shamshi-Adad I
问题5选项
A.India
B.Russia
C.Egypt
D.Greece
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:C
【解析】1.事实细节题。

根据第一段的内容可知，Assyrian生活在几千年前被称为Ashur或Arrur的地方。

现在这个地方名为Qal’at Shartlat，是一座伊拉克的城市。

所以选项D正确。

2.信息归纳题。

根据第二段的内容可知，历史学家将亚述历史划分为三个时期，分别持续了 600年、265年、325年，一共是大约1400年的历史。

选项D正确。

3.事实细节题。

根据第三段第四句“I n 1813 B. C. , the first great Assyrian king, Shamshi-Adad I, ascended the throne and began a series of military expansions.”选项A符合原文。

4.事实细节题。

根据第三段“Its growing influence gave its neighbor plenty of reasons to be wary.”其日益增长的影响力使其邻国有充足的理由保持警惕。

选项C符合原文。

5.事实细节题。

根据最后一段最后一句“It eventually defeated Babylonia and even occupied Egypt.”它最终打败了巴比伦王国，甚至占领了埃及。

选项C正确。

3.
单选题
When television is good, nothing—not the theatre, not the magazines, or newspapers—nothing is better. But when television is bad, nothing is worse. I invite you to sit down in front of your television set when your station goes on the air and stay there without a book, magazine, newspaper, or anything else to distract you and keep your eyes glued to that set until the station signs off. I can assure you that you will observe a vast wasteland. You will see a procession of game shows, violence, audience participation shows, formula comedies about totally unbelievable families, blood and thunder, mayhem, more violence, sadism, murder, Western bad men, Western good men, private eyes, gangster, still more violence, and cartoons. And endlessly, commercials that scream and offend. And most of all, boredom. True, you will see a few things you will enjoy. But they will be very, very few. And if you think I exaggerate, try it.
Is there no room on television to teach, to inform, to uplift, to stretch, to enlarge the capacities of our children? Is there no room for programs to deepen the children’s understanding of children in other lands? Is there no room for a c hildren’s news show explaining something about the world for them at their level of understanding? Is there no room for reading the great literature of the past, teaching them the great traditions of freedom? There are some fine children’s shows, but they are drowned out in the massive doses of cartoons, violence, and more violence. Must these be your trademarks? Search your conscience and see whether you cannot offer more to your young children whose future you guard so many hours each and every day.
There are many people in this great country, and you must serve all of us. You will get no argument from me if you say that, given a choice between a Western and a symphony, more people will watch the Western. I like Westerns and private eyes, too. But a steady diet for the whole country is obviously not in the public interest. We all know that people would more often prefer to be entertained than stimulated or informed. But your obligations are not satisfied if you look only to popularity as a test of what to broadcast. You are not only in show business ; you are free to communicate ideas as well as to give relaxation. You must provide a wider range of choices, more diversity, more alternatives. It is not enough to cater to the nation’s whims—you must also serve the nation’s needs. The people own the air. They own it as much in prime evening time as they do at six o’clock in the morning. For every hour that the people give you—you owe them something. I intend to see that your debt is paid with service.
1.What the author advises us to do is to（） .
2.What seems to have offended the author most on television is（） .
3.As far as children are concerned, the author’s chief complaint is that（）
4.According to the author, it is in the public interest to（） .
5.It is the obligation of television business to（） .
问题1选项
A.read a book while watching television programs
B.observe a vast wasteland on television
C.watch all the programs of our television station
D.find out why television is good
问题2选项
A.violence
mercials
C.Westerns
D.private eyes
问题3选项
A.cartoons and violence have become trademarks
B.there is no children’s news show on television
C.there is no reading of great literature for children
D.there are not enough good television programs for children
问题4选项A.broadcast only popular television programs
B.cater to the needs of all the people
C.broadcast both Westerns and symphonies
D.entertain people only
问题5选项
A.cater to the nation’s whims
B.provide best programs in prime evening free
C.broadcast news programs, at six in the morning
D.serve the nation’s needs all the time
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:B
第5题:D
【解析】1.根据第一段的内容“I invite you to sit down in front of your television...I can assure you that you will observe a vast wasteland.”可知，选项B符合原文。

2.根据第一段的倒数第四句“And endlessly, commercials that scream and offend.”可知，最让作者不舒服的是没完没了的广告，所以选项B正确。

3.根据第二段倒数第三句“There are some fine children’s shows, but they are drowned out in the massive doses of cartoons, violence, and more violence.”有一些不错的儿童节目，但是它们被大量的卡通和暴力所淹没。

选项D符合原文。

4.根据最后一段的内容可知，作者认为“You must provide a wider range of choices, more diversity, more alternatives.”电视节目应该提供更广泛的选择，以此来迎合所有人的需要。

所以选项B正确。

5.最后一段“It is not enough to cater to the nation’s whims—you must also serve the nation’s needs.”仅仅满足民众的愿望是不够的，你还必须满足所有民众的需要。

由此可知，选项D符合原文。

4.
单选题
Tony has not the least （） of giving up his research work.
问题1选项
A.intention
B.interest
C.wish
D.desire
【答案】A
【解析】名词词义辨析。

句意：Tony丝毫没有放弃其研究工作的打算。

选项A符合语境。

5.
单选题
Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.
问题1选项
A.secret plan
B.bold attack
C.clever design
D.joint effort
【答案】A
【解析】形+名词组辨析。

conspiracy指阴谋。

secret plan秘密计划；bold attack大胆的攻击；clever design聪明的设计，为褒义词，不符合语境；joint effort共同努力。

选项A更符合语境，所以正确。

6. 单选题
（） the increase in the number of computers in our offices, the amount of paper that we need has risen as well.
问题1选项
A.Along with
B.Altogether
C.Although
D.All along
【答案】A
【解析】along with随同...…一起；altogether完全，总而言之；although尽管，虽然；all along始终，一直。

句意：随着我们办公室电脑数量的增加，我们需要的纸的数量也增加了。

选项A符合句意。

7.
单选题
问题1选项
A.sent up
B.sent off
C.sent out
D.sent in
【答案】D
【解析】动词词组辨析。

send up使上升；send off寄出，派遣；send out发送；send in递送，呈报。

根据句意可知，这里指“递交辞呈”，所以选项D符合句意。

8.
单选题
He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.
问题1选项
A.depict
B.advocate
C.criticize
D.analyze
【答案】A
【解析】动词词义辨析。

句意：他声称，如今的广告倾向于将女性塑造成做饭或照顾孩子等传统角色。

选项A与划线部分意思最为接近。

9.
单选题
The instructions on how to use the new machine（） that nobody seemed to be able to understand. 问题1选项
A.were very simplistic
B.was very confused
C.were so confusing
D.was so simplistic
【答案】C
【解析】根据下文句意，没人能理解，首先排除选项A和D；confused的主语是人；confusing的主语是物。

本句的主语是instructions，所以选项C正确。

10.
单选题
（） the heavy pollution, the city officials have decided to cancel school for the day.
问题1选项
A.Prior
B.By means of
C.Due to
D.Through
【答案】C
【解析】prior在前的，优先的；by means of依靠；due to由于；through从头到尾，彻底。

句意：由于污染严重，市政官员已决定停课一天。

选项C符合句意。

11.
单选题
Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full（）.
问题1选项
A.capacity
B.strength
C.length
D.possibility
【答案】A
【解析】名词词义辨析。

句意：不外出工作的家庭主妇常常觉得自己没有充分发挥自己的能力。

选项A符合句意。

12.
单选题
Remember to ask for a （）of quality for these goods; otherwise they will not offer any maintenance.
问题1选项
A.warranty
B.promise
C.certificate
D.receipt
【答案】A
【解析】上下文语义。

句意：记得要为这些货物要求质量保证；否则他们不会提供任何维修。

选项A符合语境。

13.
单选题
Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, （）the color of his skin.
问题1选项
A.with the exception of
B.in the light of
C.by virtue of
D.regardless of
【答案】D
【解析】词组词义辨析。

with the exception of除......以外；in the light of根据，依据；by virtue of 依靠，凭借，由于；regardless of不顾，不管。

句意：这个国家的每个人都有权住在他想住的地方，不管他的肤色如何。

选项D符合句意。

14.
单选题
After failing his mid-term exams, Jeremy was（） face his parents.
问题1选项
A.too ashamed to
B.too embarrassing to
C.very ashamed of
D.very embarrassing to
【答案】A
【解析】根据句意可知，这里是考查too...to...的句型，首先排除选项C和D；be ashamed to 为做某事感到羞耻；ashamed的主语是人；embarrassing的主语是物。

所以选项A正确。

15.
单选题
He（） himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.
问题1选项
A.repealed
B.resented
C.replayed
D.reproached
【答案】D
【解析】reproach sb. for sth.为某事斥责某人。

句意：他为那天晚上的卑鄙行为狠狠地责备了自己。

选项D符合句意。