(最新)实用法律英语翻译讲义
法律英语翻译介绍
Existing problems
滥用 “shall”
1. 如乙方有违反本合同的行为，…… 译一：If Party B shall commit any material breach of this Contract, … 译二： If Party B commits any breach of this contract, …
Infant：在法律上是指21岁或18岁以下的人 Demise：在日常英语中有许多意思，如死亡、终止、失败、
职位的丧失等 在法律上，它专指财产的转让，或称让渡，或遗赠， 如指死亡亦是专指引起财产或权力转让的死亡
每一个法律术语只能表达一个特定的 法律概念。法律术语的词义必须单一而固 定。任何人在任何情况下必须对其有同一 的解释。不仅法律专门术语要求词义单一， 由民族共同语转化而来的法律词汇也必须 表达单一的法律概念。有些民族共同语属 于多义词，但是其中一个义项在法律语境 中有特定的法律含义，这种法律词汇也被 称为人工法律术语。例如“ assignment” 在 法律语境下表示“权利或财产的转让”， 而不表示在日常用语中的“任务”的含义， “ deed” 不是日常所说的“行为”而是指法 律中的“契约”。
• shall的使用
在法律文体中，shall具有特殊含义，表示 “应当承担的责任和义务”, 带有指令性和强制性， 充分体现了法律文件的权威性和约束性。可以 用于各种时态。Should在法律问题中，不表示 法律义务，只表示一般义务或道义上的义务， 一般译为应该或应当，
Examples
2. 如在解释上遇到分歧，应以英文本为准。 如在解释上遇在分歧，应以英文本为准。
Existing problems
滥用 “shall”
“shall” can be used to indicate that something is to be done if or when something else “shall” happen in the future. In drafting legal documents the use of “shall” in this way should be avoided.
实用法律英语中英对照版
实用法律英语中英对照版——民事 civil——民事 civil affairs;affairs relating to civil law ——民事上的占有 civil possesion——民事上的没收 civil forfeiture——民事上诉 civil appeal——民事主体 civil subject——民事法律关系 civil legal relationship——民事活动 activity relating to civil law——民事纠纷 civil dispute——民事客体 civil object——民事原告 civil plaintiff——民事被告 civil defendant——民事指控 civil charge——民事案件 civil case——民事过失 civil negligence——民事责任事故 accident involving civil liability ——民事补偿 civil remedy——民事诉讼 civil action——民事损害 civil injury——民事债务 civil debt——民事管辖 civil jurisdiction——民事制裁 civil sanction——民事审判 civil trial——民事调解 civil mediation——民事罚款 civil penalty——民事权利争议 dispute concerning private rights ——民事权利剥夺 deprived of private rights——民事权利请求 civil claim——民事权利变更 alternation of private right ——民政 civil administraion——民事权利与责任 civil right and liability ——民事权利 civil right——人身权利 jura personarum; rights of the person ——人格权 right of personality——上诉权 right of appeal——不受时效限制权 imprescriptible right——立遗嘱权 right to make a will——合法权利 legal right——共有权 communal tenure——求偿权 recoupment; recourse——居住权 right of habitation——使用权 right of use——委任权 power of pocuration——财产权 proprietatis; property right——财产让与权 benefit of cession——起诉权 right of action——采光权 right of ancient lights——专用权 sole right of use——专有权 exclusive power——专利申请权 clailm of patent application——控告权 right of complaint——答辩权 right of reply——解释权 right to interpret——经济权利 economic right——债的请求权 debt claim——监护权 guardianship——选择权 right of choice——转卖权 right of resale——（当事方为进行仲裁或接受国际法院的管辖权而签订的）协定compromis: a special agreement between States to submit a particular issue either to an arbitral tribunal or to the International Court of Justice——事实上 de facto: existing as a matter of fact rather than of right——法律上 de jure: as a matter of legal right——根据公允及善意的原则 ex aeque et bono: as a result of fair dealing and good conscience——出于善意的 ex gratia: done as a matter of favour (An ex gratia payment is one not required to be made by a legal duty.) ——依职权而自然获得 ex officio: by virtue of holding an office——事后的；溯及既往的 ex post facto: by a subsequent act (describing any legal act, such as a statute, which has retrospective effect)——主动的，自愿的 ex proprio motu(ex mero motu): of his own motion——不可抗力 force majueure(法语): irresistible compulsion or coercion——强制法 jus cogens(ius congens): coercive law; a rule orprinciple in international lawthat is so fundamental that it bins all states and does not allo——any exceptions——万民法，万国法，国际法 jus gentium: the lawof people; international law——法无明文不处罚nulla poena sine lege: no penalty(punishment) without a law——法无明文不为罪 nullum crimen sine lege: no crime without a law——条约必须遵守原则 pact sunt servand: a pact is not to be surrendered (agreements are to be kept)——自身，本身；本质上 per se——不受欢迎的人（personna grata 受欢迎的人） personna non-grata——初步的，表面上的 prima facie: at first appearance; on the face of things——情势变迁原则rebus sic standibus: change of circumstances——无主物 res nullius: an asset susceptible of acquisition but presently under the ownership or sovereignty of no legal person ——未确定时日的 sine die: without a date——越权行为（与intra vires相对） ultra vires(act)——占领地保有原则 uti possidetisv Lesson Six——民事责任civil liability （信托法律网/编辑）——不履行法律责任 omission——共同连带责任 joint and separate responsibility——完全责任 full liability——侵权责任 liability for tort——连带责任 joint liability——财产责任 property liability——过失责任 fault liability——替代责任 vicarious liability——无限责任 unlimited liability——单独责任 solitary liability——道德责任 moral obligation——监护责任 liability of guardian——严格责任赔偿 strict liability——债转股 debt-to-equity swap——港元的联系汇率制 the linkage system between the USdollar and the HK dollar——坏帐、呆帐、死帐 bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan——反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against...——通货紧缩 deflation——通货膨胀 inflation （信托法律网/编辑）——非配额产品 quota-free products——非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects——风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment——风险基金 venture capital——风险准备金 loan loss provision/ provisions of risk——搞活国有大中型企业 revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises——规模经济 scale economy/ economies of scale——国合企业(即国有合作社) state-owned cooperatives——国际收支 balance of international payments/ balance of payment——国际收支不平衡 disequilibrium of balance of payment ——国家补贴 public subsidies——国家现汇结存 state foreign exchange reserves——合理引导消费 guide rational consumption——季节性调价 seasonal price adjustments——既成事实 established/accomplished facts——技工贸结合的科技型企业 scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological development with industrial and trade development——劳动密集性企业 labor-intensive enterprises——乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费 unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises——千年问题、千年虫 millennium bug——企业技术改造 technological updating of enterprises——企业亏损补贴 subsidies to cover enterprise losses——实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to——平等互利、讲求实效、形式多（信托法律网/ 编辑）样、共同发展的方针pursuing practical results, adopting various ways and seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutualbenefit, efficiency, diversity and mutual development ——瓶颈制约“bottleneck” restrictions——市场准人的行政管理措施 AAMA: Administrative Aspects of Market Access——亚太工商咨询理事会 ABAC: APEC Business Advisory Council ——亚太商业论坛 ABF: APEC Business Forum——亚太通讯与数据系统ACDS: APEC Communications and Database System——亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心 ACTETSME: APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises——亚洲开发银行 ADB: Asian Development Bank——亚太经合组织经济领导人会议 AELM: APEC Economic Leaders Meeting——东盟自由贸易区 AFTA: ASEAN Free Trade Area——亚太经合组织部长级会议 AMM: APEC MinisteriaI Meeting ——澳新紧密经济关系协定 ANZCERTA: Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement——亚太商业网络 APB-Net: Asia-Pacific Business Network——亚太经济合作组织APEC: Asia-Pacific EconomicCooperation——亚太能源研究中心 APERC: Asia Pacific Energy Research Center——亚太信息基础设施APII: Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure——亚太实验室认可合作APLAC: Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation——亚太法定计量论坛 APLMF: Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum——亚太计量程序 APMP: Asia Pacific Metrology Program——东南亚国家联盟 ASEAN: Association of South-East Asian Nations——亚欧会议 ASEM: Asia-Europe Meeting——农业技术合作 ATC: Agricultural Technical Cooperation。
法律英语学习(英汉对照)
1. The National People’s Congress is the highest organ of state power. 全国人民代表大会是最高国家权力机关。
2. The judicial organs of China consist of people’s courts，people’s procurator and the public security departments. 我国的司法机关由人民法院人民检查院和公安部门组成。
3. In the application of the law all citizens are deemed as equals. 一切公民在适用法律上一律平等。
4. The criminal law is one of the basic laws of our country. 刑法是我国基本法之一。
5. Criminal responsibility shall be borne for intentional crimes. 故意犯罪应当负刑事责任6. In China，the principal penalties are p ublic surveillance，detention，fixed-time imprisonment，life imprisonment and death. 我国的主要刑罚是管制，拘役，有期徒刑，无期徒刑和死刑7. The court’s job is administering justice and upholding the law. 法院的任务是执行法律和维护法律。
8. The accused was declared innocent. 被告人被宣布为无罪。
9. The court acquitted him of a crime. 法院宣判他无罪。
10. The court pronounced the accused not guilty. 法院宣判被告无罪。
法律英语legal translation1讲解
• 句 中 powers 是 法 律 用 词 ， 意 为 “ 权 力 ” ， legislative powers译成“立法权”；vest sth. in sb. 意为to give sb. the legal right or power to do sth., 译成“授予，给予”。
• All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.
指“举证责任”。
• Where, through securities trading at a stock exchange, an investor comes to hold 5 percent of shares issued by a listed company, the investor shall, within three days from the date on which such share holding becomes a fact, submit a written report to the Securities Exchange, notify the listed company and make the fact known to the public.
• The packing and wrapping expenses shall be borne by the Buyer.
• 包装费应由买方负担。
法律英语legal translation1讲解
? 有毒化学品的生产者具有下列选择： （1）要求买方承担由泄漏而造成的责任; （2）交纳赔偿保证金； （3）停止生产； （4）贴明显的免责标签于每只集装箱上。
? 原文将4个可供选择的选项用数字表示，采 用了平行的动词词组形式，译文也同样选 择动词的平行结构。
? Normalization: ? The burden of proof rests with the defendant. ? 证明的负担由被告承担。 ? 举证责任由被告承担。 ? burden of proof 是法律英语中的专业术语，
? Consistency: ? shall be prohibited ? shall be forbidden ? goods ? items
Practical Exercises
? The balance shall be settled upon the arrival of the goods at the port of destination.
? 通过证券交易所的证券交易，投资者持有 一个上市公司已发行的股份的百分之五时， 应当在该事实发生之日起 3日内向证券交易 所作出书面报告，通知该上市公司，并予 以公告。
? make … known to the public 这个动词短语如 果译成“让公众知晓”或者“通知大家” 就不能体现出法律语言的专业特征了。
指“举证责任”。
? Where, through securities trading at a stock exchange, an investor comes to hold 5 percent of shares issued by a listed company, the investor shall, within three days from the date on which such share holding becomes a fact, submit a written report to the Securities Exchange, notify the listed company and make the fact known to the public.
实用法律英语中英对照版
实用法律英语中英对照版----民事 civil----民事 civil affairs;affairs relating to civil law----民事上的占有 civil possesion----民事上的没收 civil forfeiture----民事上诉 civil appeal----民事主体 civil subject----民事法律关系 civil legal relationship----民事活动 activity relating to civil law----民事纠纷 civil dispute----民事客体 civil object----民事原告 civil plaintiff----民事被告 civil defendant----民事指控 civil charge----民事案件 civil case----民事过失 civil negligence----民事责任事故 accident involving civilliability----民事补偿 civil remedy----民事诉讼 civil action----民事损害 civil injury----民事债务 civil debt----民事管辖 civil jurisdiction----民事制裁 civil sanction----民事审判 civil trial----民事调解 civil mediation----民事罚款 civil penalty----民事权利争议 dispute concerning private rights ----民事权利剥夺 deprived of private rights----民事权利请求 civil claim----民事权利变更 alternation of private right----民政 civil administraion----民事权利与责任 civil right and liability----民事权利 civil right----人身权利 jura personarum; rights of the person ----人格权 right of personality----上诉权 right of appeal----不受时效限制权 imprescriptible right----立遗嘱权 right to make a will----合法权利 legal right----共有权 communal tenure----求偿权 recoupment; recourse----居住权 right of habitation----使用权 right of use----委任权 power of pocuration----财产权 proprietatis; property right----财产让与权 benefit of cession----起诉权 right of action----采光权 right of ancient lights----专用权 sole right of use----专有权 exclusive power----专利申请权 clailm of patent application ----控告权 right of complaint----答辩权 right of reply----解释权 right to interpret----经济权利 economic right----债的请求权 debt claim----监护权 guardianship----选择权 right of choice----转卖权 right of resale----（当事方为进行仲裁或接受国际法院的管辖权而签订的）协定 compromis: a special agreement between States to submit a particular issue either to an arbitral tribunal or to the International Court of Justice ----事实上 de facto: existing as a matter of fact rather than of right----法律上 de jure: as a matter of legal right----根据公允及善意的原则 ex aeque et bono: as a result of fair dealing and good conscience----出于善意的 ex gratia: done as a matter of favour (An ex gratia payment is one not required to be made by a legal duty.)----依职权而自然获得 ex officio: by virtue of holding an office----事后的；溯及既往的 ex post facto: by a subsequent act (describing any legal act, such as a statute, which has retrospective effect)----主动的，自愿的 ex proprio motu(ex mero motu): of his own motion----不可抗力 force majueure(法语): irresistible compulsion or coercion----强制法 jus cogens(ius congens): coercive law;a rule or principle in international lawthat is so fundamental that it bins all states and does not allo----any exceptions----万民法，万国法，国际法 jus gentium: the lawof people; international law----法无明文不处罚 nulla poena sine lege: no penalty(punishment) without a law----法无明文不为罪 nullum crimen sine lege: no crime without a law----条约必须遵守原则 pact sunt servand: a pact is not to be surrendered (agreements are to be kept) ----自身，本身；本质上 per se----不受欢迎的人（personna grata 受欢迎的人）personna non-grata----初步的，表面上的 prima facie: at first appearance; on the face of things----情势变迁原则 rebus sic standibus: change of circumstances----无主物 res nullius: an asset susceptible of acquisition but presently under the ownership or sovereignty of no legal person----未确定时日的 sine die: without a date----越权行为（与intra vires相对） ultra vires(act) ----占领地保有原则 uti possidetisv Lesson Six----民事责任 civil liability （信托法律网/编辑）----不履行法律责任 omission----共同连带责任 joint and separate responsibility ----完全责任 full liability----侵权责任 liability for tort----连带责任 joint liability----财产责任 property liability----过失责任 fault liability----替代责任 vicarious liability----无限责任 unlimited liability----单独责任 solitary liability----道德责任 moral obligation----监护责任 liability of guardian----严格责任赔偿 strict liability----债转股 debt-to-equity swap----港元的联系汇率制 the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar----坏帐、呆帐、死帐 bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan----反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against...----通货紧缩 deflation----通货膨胀 inflation （信托法律网/编辑）----非配额产品 quota-free products----非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects----风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment----风险基金 venture capital----风险准备金 loan loss provision/ provisions of risk----搞活国有大中型企业 revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises----规模经济 scale economy/ economies of scale----国合企业(即国有合作社) state-owned cooperatives----国际收支 balance of international payments/ balance of payment----国际收支不平衡 disequilibrium of balance of payment----国家补贴 public subsidies----国家现汇结存 state foreign exchange reserves ----合理引导消费 guide rational consumption----季节性调价 seasonal price adjustments----既成事实 established/accomplished facts----技工贸结合的科技型企业 scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological development with industrial and trade development----劳动密集性企业 labor-intensive enterprises----乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费 unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises----千年问题、千年虫 millennium bug----企业技术改造 technological updating of enterprises----企业亏损补贴 subsidies to cover enterprise losses----实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to ----平等互利、讲求实效、形式多（信托法律网/编辑）样、共同发展的方针pursuing practical results, adopting various ways and seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity and mutual development----瓶颈制约 "bottleneck" restrictions ----市场准人的行政管理措施 AAMA: Administrative Aspects of Market Access----亚太工商咨询理事会 ABAC: APEC Business Advisory Council----亚太商业论坛 ABF: APEC Business Forum----亚太通讯与数据系统 ACDS: APEC Communications and Database System----亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心 ACTETSME: APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises----亚洲开发银行 ADB: Asian Development Bank----亚太经合组织经济领导人会议 AELM: APEC Economic Leaders Meeting----东盟自由贸易区 AFTA: ASEAN Free Trade Area----亚太经合组织部长级会议 AMM: APEC MinisteriaI Meeting----澳新紧密经济关系协定 ANZCERTA: Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement ----亚太商业网络 APB-Net: Asia-Pacific Business Network----亚太经济合作组织 APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation----亚太能源研究中心 APERC: Asia Pacific Energy Research Center----亚太信息基础设施 APII: Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure----亚太实验室认可合作 APLAC: Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation----亚太法定计量论坛 APLMF: Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum----亚太计量程序 APMP: Asia Pacific Metrology Program----东南亚国家联盟 ASEAN: Association of South-East Asian Nations----亚欧会议 ASEM: Asia-Europe Meeting----农业技术合作 ATC: Agricultural Technical Cooperation第 11 页共 11 页。
法律英语阅读与翻译教程
精彩摘录
《法律英语阅读与翻译教程》是一本介绍法律英语阅读和翻译技巧的经典教 材，由著名法律英语专家编写。本书深入浅出地介绍了法律英语的基本特点、阅 读技巧和翻译技巧，并通过实例分析帮助读者更好地掌握法律英语阅读和翻译的 精髓。以下是本书的一些精彩摘录：
“法律英语是一种专门用途英语（ESP），具有特定的词汇、句法和语篇特 点。法律英语涉及大量法律术语、长句和复杂句型，需要认真学习和实践。”
在阅读部分，书中的每个章节都详细讲解了一个特定的主题，例如，“法律 英语词汇的特点”、“法律英语的句法结构”等等。这些章节不仅提供了清晰的 理论框架，还通过丰富的实例，引导读者理解和应用这些理论知识。这样的方式 使得学习过程更为直观和有趣。
在翻译部分，作者通过对比和分析中英文的法律文本，阐述了翻译的难点和 解决方法。这些内容让我意识到翻译不仅仅是语言的转换，更是对两种文化、两 种制度的理解和沟通。书中的翻译练习也为我提供了宝贵的实践机会，让我能够 在实践中提高自己的翻译技能。
目录分析
《法律英语阅读与翻译教程》是一本全面介绍法律英语阅读和翻译技巧的书 籍，旨在帮助读者提高法律英语水平，更好地理解和应用法律英语。本书的目录 结构如下：
这一章主要介绍了法律英语阅读的基本概念和技巧，包括如何快速阅读、如 何理解长句子的结构、如何识别关键词汇等。通过这一章的学习，读者可以初步 了解法律英语的特性和阅读方法。
《法律英语阅读与翻译教程》是一本非常实用的教材。无论是对法律英语感 兴趣的读者，还是希望提高法律英语水平的读者，都会从中受益匪浅。这本书的 优点在于其系统性和实践性。它不仅提供了全面的理论知识，还通过大量的实例 和实践练习，帮助读者深入理解和应用这些知识。我相信这本书对于提高我的法 律英语水平将起到积极的推动作用。
法律英语专业翻译讲解
专业英语部分Put the following paragraphs into Chinese:1、Case law is built up out of precedents, a nd a precedent is a previousdecision of a court which may, in certain circumstances, be binding on another courtin deciding a similar case. This practice of following previous decisions is derivedfrom custom, but it is a practice which is generally observed. Even in early times theitinerant judges adopted the doctrine of stare decisis, and this doctrine has beendeveloped in modern times so that it means that a precedent binds, and must befollowed in similar cases, subject to the powers to distinguish cases in certain circumstances.所谓判例法，是基于法院判决而形成的具有法律效力的判定，这种判定在某些情况下对以后的同类案件具有约束力，能够作为法院判案的法律依据。
这种先例中的做法一般来源于习惯，同时也是通常情况下会采用的做法。
即使在早期那些巡回法官也采用“遵循先例”的法律原则，如今，该法律原则也经过了一定的发展演变，即在某些情况下，经过权力机关对案件进行甄别后，经认定先例适合于现有案件，则先例具有约束力，必须适用先例。
法律英语课文翻译
第二单元第一篇P21第一段的“procedure”：this is a proceeding upon writ of a death benefit award by the Industrial Accident Commission in favor of the widow and three minor children of Karl Lund, deceased. petitioner State Employees' Retirement System seeks an annulment of the award, on the grounds that respondent Commission had acted without and in excess of its power and that the evidence was insufficient to justify the fingdings of fact.这是一个死亡令状效益赔偿，有关工业事故委员会赞同对寡妇和已故的卡尔隆德的三个未成年的孩子进行赔偿。
申请人，国家雇员退休系统，旨在废除该赔偿为由，答辩委员会擅自行动，且超过其权力行使权力，其证明的事实证据不足。
P22 倒数第一段：on the contrary, we are required to indulge all reasonable inferences which may be drawn legitimately from the facts in order to support the findings of the Commission ,and in doing so all that is required is reasonable probability; not absolute certainty.反之，我们需要放纵所有合理的推断，可能是合法的事实来支持委员会的调查结果，如此一来，这样做所需的一切就是合理的可能性，而非绝对的确定性。
实用法律英语中英对照版
实用法律英语中英对照版--民事 civil--民事 civil affairs;affairs relating to civil law --民事上的占有 civil possesion--民事上的没收 civil forfeiture--民事上诉 civil appeal--民事主体 civil subject--民事法律关系 civil legal relationship--民事活动 activity relating to civil law--民事纠纷 civil dispute--民事客体 civil object--民事原告 civil plaintiff--民事被告 civil defendant--民事指控 civil charge--民事案件 civil case--民事过失 civil negligence--民事责任事故 accident involving civil liability --民事补偿 civil remedy--民事诉讼 civil action--民事损害 civil injury--民事债务 civil debt--民事管辖 civil jurisdiction--民事制裁 civil sanction--民事审判 civil trial--民事调解 civil mediation--民事罚款 civil penalty--民事权利争议 dispute concerning private rights--民事权利剥夺 deprived of private rights--民事权利请求 civil claim--民事权利变更 alternation of private right--民政 civil administraion--民事权利与责任 civil right and liability--民事权利 civil right--人身权利 jura personarum; rights of the person --人格权 right of personality--上诉权 right of appeal--不受时效限制权 imprescriptible right--立遗嘱权 right to make a will--合法权利 legal right--共有权 communal tenure--求偿权 recoupment; recourse--居住权 right of habitation--使用权 right of use--委任权 power of pocuration--财产权 proprietatis; property right--财产让与权 benefit of cession--起诉权 right of action--采光权 right of ancient lights--专用权 sole right of use--专有权 exclusive power--专利申请权 clailm of patent application--控告权 right of complaint--答辩权 right of reply--解释权 right to interpret--经济权利 economic right--债的请求权 debt claim--监护权 guardianship--选择权 right of choice--转卖权 right of resale--（当事方为进行仲裁或接受国际法院的管辖权而签订的）协定 compromis: a special agreement between States to submit a particular issue either to an arbitral tribunal or to the International Court of Justice --事实上 de facto: existing as a matter of fact rather than of right --法律上 de jure: as a matter of legal right--根据公允及善意的原则 ex aeque et bono: as a result of fair dealing and good conscience--出于善意的 ex gratia: done as a matter of favour (An ex gratia payment is one not required to be made by a legal duty.) --依职权而自然获得 ex officio: by virtue of holding an office--事后的；溯及既往的 ex post facto: by a subsequent act (describing any legal act, such as a statute, which has retrospective effect) --主动的，自愿的 ex proprio motu(ex mero motu): of his own motion --不可抗力force majueure(法语): irresistible compulsion or coercion--强制法 jus cogens(ius congens): coercive law; a rule or principle in international lawthat is so fundamental that it bins all states and does not allo--any exceptions--万民法，万国法，国际法 jus gentium: the lawof people; international law--法无明文不处罚 nulla poena sine lege: no penalty(punishment) without a law--法无明文不为罪 nullum crimen sine lege: no crime without a law --条约必须遵守原则 pact sunt servand: a pact is not to be surrendered (agreements are to be kept)--自身，本身；本质上 per se--不受欢迎的人（personna grata 受欢迎的人） personna non-grata--初步的，表面上的 prima facie: at first appearance; on the face ofthings--情势变迁原则 rebus sic standibus: change of circumstances--无主物res nullius: an asset susceptible of acquisition but presently under the ownership or sovereignty of no legal person --未确定时日的 sine die: without a date--越权行为（与intra vires相对） ultra vires(act)--占领地保有原则 uti possidetisv Lesson Six--民事责任 civil liability （信托法律网/编辑）--不履行法律责任 omission--共同连带责任 joint and separate responsibility--完全责任 full liability--侵权责任 liability for tort--连带责任 joint liability--财产责任 property liability--过失责任 fault liability--替代责任 vicarious liability--无限责任 unlimited liability--单独责任 solitary liability--道德责任 moral obligation--监护责任 liability of guardian--严格责任赔偿 strict liability--债转股 debt-to-equity swap--港元的联系汇率制 the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar--坏帐、呆帐、死帐bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan--反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against...--通货紧缩 deflation--通货膨胀 inflation （信托法律网/编辑）--非配额产品 quota-free products--非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects--风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment--风险基金 venture capital--风险准备金 loan loss provision/ provisions of risk--搞活国有大中型企业 revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises--规模经济 scale economy/ economies of scale--国合企业(即国有合作社) state-owned cooperatives--国际收支 balance of international payments/ balance of payment --国际收支不平衡 disequilibrium of balance of payment--国家补贴 public subsidies--国家现汇结存 state foreign exchange reserves--合理引导消费 guide rational consumption--季节性调价 seasonal price adjustments--既成事实 established/accomplished facts--技工贸结合的科技型企业 scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological development with industrial and trade development--劳动密集性企业 labor-intensive enterprises--乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费 unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises--千年问题、千年虫 millennium bug--企业技术改造 technological updating of enterprises--企业亏损补贴 subsidies to cover enterprise losses--实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to--平等互利、讲求实效、形式多（信托法律网/编辑）样、共同发展的方针pursuing practical results, adopting various ways and seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity and mutual development--瓶颈制约“bottleneck” restrictions--市场准人的行政管理措施 AAMA: Administrative Aspects of Market Access--亚太工商咨询理事会 ABAC: APEC Business Advisory Council--亚太商业论坛 ABF: APEC Business Forum--亚太通讯与数据系统 ACDS: APEC Communications and Database System --亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心ACTETSME: APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises --亚洲开发银行 ADB: Asian Development Bank--亚太经合组织经济领导人会议 AELM: APEC Economic Leaders Meeting --东盟自由贸易区 AFTA: ASEAN Free Trade Area--亚太经合组织部长级会议 AMM: APEC MinisteriaI Meeting--澳新紧密经济关系协定ANZCERTA: Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement--亚太商业网络 APB-Net: Asia-Pacific Business Network--亚太经济合作组织 APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation--亚太能源研究中心 APERC: Asia Pacific Energy Research Center--亚太信息基础设施 APII: Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure --亚太实验室认可合作 APLAC: Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation--亚太法定计量论坛 APLMF: Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum--亚太计量程序 APMP: Asia Pacific Metrology Program--东南亚国家联盟 ASEAN: Association of South-East Asian Nations --亚欧会议 ASEM: Asia-Europe Meeting--农业技术合作 ATC: Agricultural Technical Cooperation。
实用法律英语中英对照
实用法律英语中英对照在当今全球化的时代，法律领域的交流与合作日益频繁。
无论是从事国际贸易、跨国投资，还是参与国际法律事务，掌握实用的法律英语都显得至关重要。
本文将为您呈现一些常见且实用的法律英语表述，并提供对应的中文解释，帮助您在法律领域的英语交流中更加得心应手。
一、法律术语1、“Plaintiff” ：中文意思是“原告”在法律诉讼中，提起诉讼的一方被称为原告。
例如：The plaintiff alleged that the defendant had violated the contract（原告声称被告违反了合同。
）2、“Defendant” ：“被告”与原告相对，被起诉的一方称为被告。
比如：The defendant deniedall the charges against him（被告否认了对他的所有指控。
）3、“Jurisdiction” ：“管辖权”指法院对特定案件进行审理和裁决的权力范围。
例句：The courthas jurisdiction over this case（该法院对这个案件有管辖权。
）4、“Damages” ：“损害赔偿金”因他人的过错或违法行为而遭受的经济损失的赔偿。
例如：The plaintiff is seeking damages for the loss suffered（原告正在为所遭受的损失寻求损害赔偿金。
）5、“Liability” ：“责任；债务”表示在法律上应承担的义务或责任。
比如：The company has limited liability（该公司承担有限责任。
）二、法律文书常用表述1、“In accordance with” ：“依照；根据”常用于正式的法律文件中，表示依据某种规定或法律。
例如：In accordance with the law, this contract is valid（根据法律，这份合同是有效的。
）2、“Subject to” ：“受制于；以为条件”强调某个事物受到特定条件或规定的限制。
法律英语汉译英
法律英语汉译英（专业词汇部分）Unit One第一课美国联邦下的法律1.成文法statutory law★2.普通法common law3.判例法case law4.立法机构legislature5.法院court6.宪法Constitution7.立法权law-making power8.私法private law9.合同法contract law10.侵权法tort law11.商法business law12.公司法corporate governance law13.专利和版权patent and copyright14.合同/契约争议contractual disputes15.刑事案件criminal case16.民事案件civil case17.民事侵权诉讼civil tort actions18.家庭法family law19.法律选择choice of law20.多个司法管辖区multi-jurisdiction21.诉讼litigation/lawsui t/suit/action★22.实体权substantive right23.准据法/适用法applicable/governing/proper law★24.签订conclude25.证券欺诈案件 a case include claims of securities fraud26.履行perform27.履行地performance28.受理/处理案件to hear the case★29.原告plaintiff★30.被告defendant★31.与合同最密切联系most involved with the contract32.选择法庭choice of forum第二课双重法院体系1.司法的judicial2.初审法庭trial court3.终审法院court of last resort★4.上诉法院court of appeals5.上诉，申诉appeal…to6.证人witness7.证据evidence8.陪审团jury9.查明事实的人，事实发现者fact-finder10.上诉的，有权受理上诉的appellate11.遗嘱probate12.小额诉讼法院small claims court13.律师attorney14.程序procedure15.提出（申请）file★16.申请小额索赔file claims for small sums of money17.定罪conviction★18.仲裁人，公断人，裁决人arbiter19.最高法院the Supreme Court20.先例procedureUnit Two第一课抗辩制1.上诉人appellant2.被上诉人appellee3.诉由,案由cause of action★4.向某人提起诉讼，到法院告某人to bring an action/lawsuit against sb.5.第三那人被告third-party defendant6.庭审程序trial procedure★7.英美法系国家的司法程序Anglo-American judicial procedure8.认定事实find the fact9.证据submission10.抗辩制adversary system11.提起诉讼begin suit12.界定争议shape the issues13.出示证据produce evidence14.争议当事人parties to the controversy15.纠问的inquisitorial16.庭前调查pre-trial investigation17.大陆法传统civil law tradition18.庭辩风格style of presentation and argument19.有利害关系的当事人interested parties第二课开启一个诉讼1.起诉sue2.诉讼当事人litigant3.司法救济，救济；减轻，缓解relief4.提供法律救助to furnish a relief5.纠正，补偿redress6.诉诸法院bring to court★7.和解settlement★8.仲裁arbitration9.自力救济self-help10.搁置纠纷let matters rest11.损害赔偿damages★12.实际履行specific performance13.对事管辖权jurisdiction over the subject matter14.对人管辖权jurisdiction over the parties15.管辖权jurisdiction16.违约之诉damages for breach of contract17.法庭forum18.最低限度联系minimum contacts19.实体公正substantial justice20.审判地venue21.规定（援引法条）provide/read第三课诉状和对抗诉状的动议1.诉状pleading2.起诉状complaint3.向法院提交诉讼状或答辩状/办理立案to file a pleading/lawsuit with the court4.陈述，阐明to set forth5.书记员clerk6.传票summons7.出具传票to issue a summons8.向某人送达传票、起诉书、法律文书to serve a summons, complaint, legal document on sb.9.通知notify10.同意出庭an entry of appearance11.指控，声称allegation12.成为争议问题put in issue13.积极抗辩affirmative defense14.反诉counterclaim15.(用辩解)减轻extenuate16.未到庭，未履行义务to be in default17.驳回dismiss18.传票送达service of process/service of summons19.法律上的充分性legal sufficiency20. 提出异议，反对challenge第四课调查取证1.庭前取证，调查pre-trial discovery2.录取证词，宣誓证明depose3.证词笔录,书证deposition4.宣誓under oath5.书面质询written interrogatories6.人身伤害案件personal injury case7.保持中立take no part8.意外因素surprise element9.争议controversy10.律师counsel11.庭前会议pretrial conference12.即决判决，简易判决summary judgment13.书证，书面陈述affidavit14.提出请求即决判决的动议make a motion for summary judgment15.（证据）允许提出的，可采纳的admissible16.扰乱对方harassment of an opponent17.要求对争议进行庭审的申请notice of trial/issue第五课庭审1.主张…..权利assert the right to2.将……列入陪审员名单impanel3.组成陪审团to impanel the jury4.绝对异议权peremptory challenge★5.候选陪审员prospective juror6.以明确的理由对陪审员候选人提出异议to challenge a prospective juror for cause7.发誓swear8.开案陈词make opening statements9.询问证人examine the witness10.出示文书produce the document11.证据，物证exhibit12.直接质证direct examination13.交叉质证cross examination14.不允许出示的证据inadmissible evidence15.举证完毕rest16.指令裁定（法官指令陪审团作出的裁定）directed verdict17.否决，驳回overrule18.（法官）对陪审团的指导jury instruction/jury charge/charge to the jury19.结案辩论final argument20.判决某人胜诉to enter a judgment for sb.21.判决某人败诉to enter a judgment against sb.22.举证责任burden of proof23.有分量的证据，占优势的证据preponderance of the evidence24.退庭retire25.（陪审团）未能达到足够多数人赞同的，未能做出决定的hung26.法官推翻陪审团才定的判决judgment notwithstanding the verdict(judgment n.o.v)27.达成裁定reach verdict第六课上诉和执行1.执行enforcement2.复审review3.中级法院intermediate court4.初审法院trial court5.下级法院lower court6.斟酌，自由裁量discretion7.由……斟酌决定，由…..自由裁量at the discretion of8.推翻原判，逆转reverse9.维持原判，确认，确信affirm10.认定事实determination in question11.上诉担保书appeal bond12.抄本，复本，文字记录transcript13.命令decree14.(不服下级法官判决)进行上诉to appeal from (a decision of a lower court)15.口头辩论oral argument16.判决（意见）书opinion17.败诉方losing party18.债权人creditor19.重新审理rehear20.执行令writ of execution21.行政司法长官，县治安官sheriff22.发回重审remand23.动产personal property24.判决债务人judgment debtor25.收益proceeds26.不动产real estate/real property27.未清偿判决债务由司法行政官主持的拍卖judicial sale28.留置权，扣留权lien29.对…..有司法留置权to have a judicial lien on30.留置，扣押（动词）garnish31.留置，扣押（名词）garnishment32.扣押（动词）attach33.扣押（名词）attachment。