(英语)高一英语阅读理解解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)

（英语）高一英语阅读理解解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Amazon Best Sellers: Best Books
A Higher Loyalty: Truth, Lies, and Leadership-April 17, 2018by James Comey
In his book, former FBI director James Comey shares his never-before-told experiences from some of the highest-risk situations of his career in the past two decades of American government, exploring what good, ethical（道德的）leadership looks like, and how it drives sound decisions. His journey provides an entry into the corridors of power, and a remarkable lesson in what makes an effective leader.
Hardcover $17.99
12 Rules for Life: An Antidote to Chaos- January 23, 2018 by Jordan B. Peterson
What does everyone in the modern world need to know? Famous psychologist Jordan B. Peterson's answer to this most difficult of questions uniquely combines the hard-won truths of ancient tradition with the great findings of most-advanced scientific research.
Hardcover $15.57
How to Read a Book: The Classic Guide to Intelligent Reading Revised Edition by Mortimer J. Adler, Charles Van Doren
With half a million copies in print, How to Read a Book is the best and most successful guide to reading comprehension for the general reader, completely rewritten and updated with new material. Originally published in 1940, this book is a rare phenomenon, a living classic that introduces and clarifies the various levels of reading and how to achieve them-from elementary reading, through systematic skimming and inspectional reading, to speed reading.
Paperback $10.31
Everybody, Always: Becoming Love in a World Full of Setbacks and Difficult People- April 17, 2018 by Bob Goff
Paperback $10.19
What happens when we stop avoiding difficult people and simply love everyone? In his wildly entertaining and inspiring follow-up to the New York Times bestselling phenomenon Love Does, Bob Goff takes readers on a life-altering journey into the secret of living without fear, care, restriction, or worry.
（1）If you want to become an effective leader, you can try ________.
A. How to Read a Book
B. Everybody, Always
C. 12 Rules for Life
D. A Higher Loyalty （2）What do we know about How to Read a Book?
A. It is written by Mortimer J. Adler.
B. It is completely the same as the original one.
C. It has been published since 1940.
D. There are many other books similar to it.
（3）We can learn from the passage that ________.
A. All the four books are paperbacks.
B. Paperbacks are cheaper than hardbacks.
C. Jordan
D. Peterson is the former FBI director.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了亚马逊最畅销的几种书。

(1)考查细节理解。

根据A Higher Loyalty: Truth, Lies, and Leadership-April 17, 2018 by James Comey部分中的“His journey provides an entry into the corridors of power, and a remarkable lesson in what makes an effective leader.”可知如果你想要成为一个有效的领导，你可以尝试
A Higher Loyalty，故选D。

(2)考查细节理解。

根据How to Read a Book: The Classic Guide to Intelligent Reading Revised Edition by Mortimer J. Adler, Charles Van Doren部分中的“Originally published in 1940”可知How to Read a Book最初于1940年出版，故选C。

(3考查)常识理解。

平装本比精装本价格要便宜，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和常识理解两个题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，要求考生朱雀掌握细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
There are at least 3, 000 miles of waterways in Britain. On these canals and rivers, there are over 30,000 'houseboats'—boats that people use as homes. Around 10, 000 of them are located in London.
The earliest populations of Britain's 'boat people' have been living on the water since the canals were built during the industrial revolution. Since then, houseboat living has usually attracted people who prefer to live an alternative lifestyle. Houseboat communities are typically made up of people who are looking for a slower way of life and who want to be in touch with nature.
Living on the water sounds romantic, but it is also hard work. There are daily things that need to be done, like bringing fuel and water on board and dealing with 'waste' water from kitchen sink, shower and toilet. In winter, living on a boat can be very cold and there is always a feeling of damp. Of course, most boats are quite small inside, so you don't have much space, especially if you are a couple, family or a group of friends.
Despite these difficulties, the number of people living on Britain's waterways has increased by around 50 per cent over the past ten years. More and more families and young professionals are moving onto houseboats, not only because they like the idea of life on water, but also because it is much cheaper to buy or rent a boat than a flat or a house.
There is a great sense of community on the waterways; many boat people say that their neighbours are always ready to help them, and houseboat neighbours often become friends for life. This is quite a different story from people who live in flats or houses and may hardly know the people next door at all.
（1）What does the underlined word "alternative" in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Creative.
B.Enjoyable.
C.Non — traditional.
D.Primitive.
（2）From the third paragraph, we know that it is to live on the boat.
A.inconvenient
B.easy
C.boring
D.unforgettable
（3）Which of the following information is not given in the text?
A.There are lots of rivers and canals in Britain.
B.Many people live on houseboats in Wales.
C.Houseboat living become popular in the industrial revolution.
D.People who live on houseboats are usually very friendly with their neighbours.
（4）Why do many people choose to live on the water?
A.living on the water is romantic
B.living on the water is easy and natural
C.living on the water can avoid unfriendly neighbours
D.living on the water costs less than living on the land
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在英国年轻人中流行的一种居住方式“船屋”。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“Houseboat communities are typically made up of people who are looking for a slowe r way of life and who want to be in touch with nature.”可知，游艇社区通常是由那些寻求慢节奏生活方式和想要接触大自然的人组成的；再根据第一段中的“there are over 30,000 'houseboats'—boats that people use as homes.” 这些人以船为家的。

即他们以船为家，是因为喜欢慢节奏的生活，想要接触大自然。

这与传统的居住方式不同。

可知“Since then, houseboat living has usu ally attracted people who prefer to live an alternative lifestyle”这句是说从工业革命起，游艇生活通常吸引那些喜欢另类生活方式的人。

即这种游艇生活吸引那些喜欢“非传统的”生活方式的人。

选项C. Non — traditional（非传统的）符合题意，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Living on the water sounds romantic, but it is also hard work. ”可知，在水上生活听起来很浪漫，但也很辛苦；以及“There are daily things that need to be done, .... In winter, living on a boat can be very cold and there is always a feeling of damp. Of course, most boats are quite small inside, ....”比如带上燃料和水，要处理“废水”等。

冬天住在船上很冷，总有一种潮湿感。

当然，大多数的船里面都很小.......。

由这些例子可知，生活在船上是极不方便的。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第一段“There are at least 3 ,000 miles of waterways in Britain. On these canals and rivers,... Around 10 ,000 of them are located in London.”可知英国有许多河流
和运河，其中大约10000个位于伦敦。

可知A项正确；第二段中的“The earliest populations of Britain's 'boat people' have been living on the water since the canals were built during the industrial revolution. Since then, houseboat living has usually attracted people who prefer to live an alternative lifestyle....”自工业革命时期修建运河以来，英国最早的“船民”一直生活在水上。

从那时起，游艇生活通常吸引那些喜欢另类生活方式的人，即说游艇生活在工业革命中变得流行起来，可知C项正确；以及最后一段中的“many boat people say that their neighbours are always ready to help them, and houseboat neighbours often become friends for life.” 许多船民说，他们的邻居总是乐于帮助他们，而船上邻居常常成为终生的朋友，可知D项正确。

综合可知B项文章中没有提及，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“More and more families and young professionals are moving onto houseboats, not only because they like the idea of life on water but also because it is much cheaper to buy or rent a boat than a flat or a house.”越来越多的家庭和年轻的专业人士正搬到游艇上居住，这不仅是因为他们喜欢水上生活，还因为买船或租船比租公寓或房子便宜得多。

可推断出生活在水上比生活在陆地上花费少。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
When he was young, Louis Armstrong was taking what was called “Creole jazz”, which was also called dance music, and combining it with trumpeter (小号手) Buddy Bolden, to create what would eventually become today's jazz.
Armstrong accomplished that with almost no formal training. He received little training before he was placed in the New Orleans Colored Waif's Home at the age of 12, after a run-in (小争执) with the police. The punishment turned out to be a mixed blessing, for he also had the opportunity to play in a real band.
While at the Waif's, Armstrong also got the chance to hear some of the city's finest musicians. Cornetist Freddie Keppard performed in a nearby club. So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique.
When Oliver left for Chicago, Armstrong chose to stay in New Orleans and work with some of the other top musicians of the day. In Chicago, King Oliver offered him a place in his band in 1922. It became Armstrong's biggest challenge yet — the band had no parts written for trumpet, so he was forced to listen to King Oliver and improvise (即兴创作).
Soon, Armstrong's undeniable talent was getting notice. Even classically trained musicians would come to hear the incredible sounds this young man created.
Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oliver would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band.
Armstrong moved to New York City in 1924 to join Fletcher Henderson's band and then flew
solo. In 1925, Armstrong put together the Hot Five, expanding his popularity even more. Armstrong recorded his first composition, Cornet Chop Suey, one of the most copied jazz solos of all time. This monumental 1928 recording blends (混合) artistry, endurance and showmanship that has rarely, if ever, been matched in Jazz.
（1）What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the second paragraph?
A. To play dance music.
B. To work with Buddy Bolden.
C. To create modem jazz music.
D. To play a jazz instrument well.
（2）Who taught Louis Armstrong how to play music in the early time?
A. Buddy Bolden.
B. Lil Hardin.
C. Cornetist Freddie Keppard.
D. King Joe Oliver.（3）Why did Louis Armstrong Leave King Oliver's band?
A. Because he wanted to get married in New York.
B. Because the man forced him to leave the band.
C. Because he got a better opportunity in New York.
D. Because his talent could not develop completely.
（4）What's the main idea of the passage?
A. It asks readers to know more about modern jazz.
B. It introduces one of the greatest jazz musicians.
C. It introduces the development of jazz.
D. It describes the importance of talent in playing jazz.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了音乐人Louis Armstrong学习音乐的过程。

（1）考查代词指代。

根据第一段中的to create what would eventually become today's jazz.由此可知that指上段“...to create what would eventually become today's jazz.”，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique.”小号手兼乐队指挥King Joe Oliver也这么做了，他把小男孩放在自己的侧厅，教他如何阅读音乐，学习演奏技巧。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“ Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oliver would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band.”可推断出Louis Armstrong离开King Oliver乐队的原因是因为他的才能不能得到完全发展，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

全文介绍Armstrong如何成为伟大的爵士音乐家，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
Norman Garmezy, a development psychologist at the University of Minnesota, met thousands of children in his four decades of research. A nine-year-old boy in particular stuck with him. He has an alcoholic mother and an absent father. But each day he would walk in to school with a smile on his face. He wanted to make sure that "no one would feel pity for him and no one would know his mother's incompetence.” The boy exhibited a quality Garmezy identified as “resilience”.
Resilience presents a challenge for psychologists. People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer.
Garmezy's work opened the door to the study of the elements that could enable an individual's success despite the challenges they faced. His research indicated that some elements had to do with luck, but quite large set of elements was psychological, and had to do with how the children responded to the environment. The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal lens of control(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.
Ceorge Bonanno has been studying resilience for years at Columbia University's Teachers College. He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤), or as an opportunity to learn and grow. “Stressful” or “traumatic” events themselves don't have much predictive power when it comes to life outcomes. "Exposure to potentially traumatic events does not predict later functioning,” Bonanno said. "It's only predictive if there's a negative response.” In other words, livin g through adversity doesn't guarantee that you'll suffer going forward.
The good news is that positive perception can be taught. "We can make ourselves more or less easily hurt by how we think about things," Bonanno said. In research at Columbia, the neuroscientist Kevin Ochsner has shown that teaching people to think of adversity in different ways--to reframe it in positive terms when the initial response is negative, or in a less emotional way when the initial response is emotionally “hot”---changes how they experience and react to the adversity.
（1）According to the passage, resilience is an individual's ability________.
A. to think critically
B. to decide one's own fate
C. to live a better life
D. to recover from adversity
（2）What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. The psychologists
B. The resilient children
C. Positive elements
D. Internal locus of control
（3）According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that____________.
A. your positive perception may turn adversity around
B. stressful events are more predictive than delightful events
C. experiencing adversity predicts that you will go on suffering
D. a negative response doesn't guarantee you will suffer all the time
（4）What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?
A. To teach people how to be resilient
B. To encourage people to live through adversity
C. To indicate people's perception varies from each other
D. To compare different research findings about resilience
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）A
【解析】【分析】这是一篇介绍说明类文章。

文章介绍了一种品质：韧性（resilience）。

文章介绍了什么是韧性，韧性的作用，如何培养韧性等内容。

（1）推理判断题。

由第二段中的“People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer”可知，那些没有经历过逆境的人不会知道自己有多大的韧性。

只有当他们面对障碍，压力等逆境时，他们才能知道自己的韧性有多大。

有的人向逆境屈服，有的人成功度过了逆境。

由此可知，那些成功度过逆境的人属于非常有韧性的人。

韧性应该指克服逆境的能力。

故答案选D。

（2）词义猜测题。

由第三段中的“The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal lens of co ntrol(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.”可知，那些有韧性的孩子拥有所谓的“内控点”。

他们认为他们影响了自己的成就，而不是他们所处的环境影响了他们的成就。

这些有韧性的孩子将自己看作是自己命运的主宰者。

由此可知，they指的就是the resilient children。

故答案选B。

（3）推理判断题。

由第四段中的“He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤), or as an opportunity to lea rn and grow.”可知，一些人比另一些人更擅长处理逆境。

这种差别来自他们的认知。

如果他们将逆境当做是学习和成长的机会，对此做出积极的反应，那么，他们就能很好的处理逆境。

反之，如果他们做出消极的反应，那么，他们就不能很好的来处理逆境。

由此可以推知，积极的认知可以改变逆境，使情况朝着好的方向发展。

故答案选A。

（4）写作意图题。

文章第一段以例子提出“resilience”这个话题。

第二段解释了什么是resilience，第三和第四段以Garmezy的研究说明，当面对逆境的时候，韧性可以帮助我们扭转逆境，关键在于要有积极的认知。

第五段强调，积极的认知是可以学习的。

故这篇文章的写作意图就是告诉读者如何使自己有韧性：用积极的态度去对待逆境。

故答案选A。

【点评】阅读理解写作意图、态度解题技巧：根据文体类别推断写作目的（1）写作目的（to entertain readers）常见于故事类的文章。

（2）写作目的（to persuade readers）常见于广告类的文章。

在这样的文章中，作者或是要推销一种产品﹑一种服务（to sell a product or a service），或是要通过对旅游景点﹑报刊杂志﹑影片﹑电视节目等的介绍来达到他的写作目的：吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众等（to attract more visitors / readers / audience）（3）写作目的（to inform readers）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会
类的文章，了解这类文章的写作目的有赖于对文章主题的正确把握，阅读时有必要找准文章的主题句，或较好地对主题加以归纳。

5．阅读理解
When was the last time you told someone they inspire you to go to work each morning?
Teachers at Oak Park High School in Kansas City, Missouri, did just that this September, when they pulled individual students out of class to tell them just how much they appreciated them.
The students' reactions, which were captured (捕捉) on video and shared on YouTube in a now-viral video, ranged from shy thanks to hugs and tears.
“I have been challenged to find a student who makes me want to come to school every day,” says one teacher in the video, “and that's you.”
Jamie McSparin, a teacher in charge of the school's academy program for at-risk sophomores （二年级学生）and juniors, posed the challenge, writes ABC News.
“Initially when we pulled the kids out, they all thought they were in trouble,” McSparin told ABC News. “Any teacher-student interaction always seems to be negative (消极的), and that was something that bothered me, too. No matter if they're a good kid or a trouble maker or anything, they always thought they were in trouble,” she says.
McSparin says she got the idea for the project after attending a professional development workshop this summer called the power of positivity.
“I like the idea of letting students know they are appreciated, because we do appreciate them, I just don't think we say it enough,” she told local news outlet WDAF-TV.
It's safe to say the challenge was effective.
“I feel special,” said one of the boys in the video. “You should,” said his teacher. “You are special.”
（1）What does the underlined word “posed” in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Presented.
B. Rejected.
C. Ignored.
D. Evaluated.
（2）How did the students probably feel when pulled out of the classroom at first?
A. Nervous.
B. Thrilled.
C. Curious.
D. Encouraged.（3）What inspired McSparin to challenge the project?
A. The trouble caused by students.
B. The need of shooting the video.
C. A seminar named the power of positivity.
D. A program related to students' interactions.（4）What message does this text mainly convey?
A. Challenge is unavoidable in life.
B. Everyone needs to be appreciated.
C. Positivity outweighs negativity.
D. News media contribute to students' progress.【答案】（1）A
（2）A
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本篇是教育类说明文。

主要讲述了在橡树公园高中，老师让同学走出教室，告诉学生老师都很欣赏他们。

结果同学们感到他们每个人都很特别。

（1）考查词义猜测题。

根据Jamie McSparin, a teacher in charge of the school's academy program for at-risk sophomores （二年级学生）and juniors, posed the challenge, writes ABC News.可以猜测出，posed为“出席，参加”之意。

故答案选A。

（2）考查推理判断题。

根据文章第六段Initially when we pulled the kids out, they all thought they were in trouble当第一次走出教室时，孩子们都认为他们有麻烦了。

从而可以推断出，学生们都感到紧张。

故答案选A。

（3）考查细节理解题。

根据文章倒数第四段McSparin says she got the idea for the project after attending a professional development workshop this summer called the power of positivity.可知，McSparin是参加专业发展研讨会之后有了启发。

故答案选C。

（4）考查推理判断题。

根据文章倒数第三段I like the idea of letting students know they are appreciated, because we do appreciate them, I just don't think we say it enough及最后两段内容可以推断，每个人都需要被欣赏。

故答案选B。

【点评】推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。

任何一篇文章都有其特定的写作目的，读者应当知道如何去做或按照某种方式传递思考问题。

推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分－推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分－推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。

6．阅读理解
On a college camping trip, curiosity about waves and sand caused Rob Thieler to study shorelines around the world. Thirty years later and now a U.S. Geological Survey research geologist, Thieler, is combining science and smartphone technology to help study an endangered bird, the Atlantic Coast piping plover.
The piping plover is a shorebird that breeds（繁殖）along the Atlantic Coast, the Great Lakesand the Great Plains. Rising sea levels associated with climate change, as well as increased development in their beach habitats（栖息地）, threaten the species（物种）. To help track changes in piping plover habitats, Thieler developed a free app called iPlover in 2012. This is a marked change from the typical way scientists collect data, which involves gathering information using specialized equipment or writing in notebooks and then putting into spreadsheets.
Since releasing iPlover, scientists have gathered data across 1500 km of breeding range. Thatequals about a third of the distance across the U.S., which is a large area to cover for only two thousand breeding pairs of piping plovers on the east coast. Instead of having to travel and spend days at each site, a number of cooperators in the field use the app to collect and send data, allowing scientists to gather data more efficiently. It also allows them to collect data at the same time during each breeding season, providing a better picture of changes that happen over longer periods of time. And fast, centralized access means scientists can look at data quickly to get a real-time idea of where and how piping plovers are using their habitats.
While iPlover is used by trained field staff, other apps like the U. S. Geological Survey'sweb-based “iCoast—Did the Coast Change?” invite citizen scientists to identify coastal changes by
comparing bird's-eye-view photographs taken before and after storms. All the information scientists and citizen scientists alike collect helps federal and state agencies create policyplans for addressing climate change impacts (影响) worldwide.
（1）What can we know about the piping plover?
A. Its behaviour is changing.
B. Its habitat is growing bigger.
C. Its living environment is becoming worse.
D. Its breeding is limited to the Atlantic Coast.（2）Why did Thieler develop iPlover?
A. To study shorelines across America.
B. To advance information technology.
C. To find out global climate change.
D. To monitor changes of piping plover habitats.（3）Which of the following benefits the shorebirds?
A. The camping equipment.
B. Research on smartphones.
C. The changeable coast.
D. Progress in technology.
（4）What would be the best title of the text?
A. Protecting Endangered Shorebirds
B. Rob Thieler, a Creative Scientist
C. IPlover, Tool for Training Field Staff
D. Differences Between IPlover and ICoast
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）D
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要讲述了随着技术的进步，保护濒危的岸禽鸟类的措施变得更加的有效。

（1）考查细节理解题。

根据文章第二段Rising sea levels associated with climate change, as well as increased development in their beach habitats（栖息地）, threaten the species（物种）可知，笛鸻的生存环境变得越来越糟了。

故答案选C。

（2）考查细节理解题。

根据文章第二段To help track changes in piping plover habitats, Thieler developed a free app called iPlover in 2012.可知，发明app其目的是为了追踪笛鸻的栖息地的改变。

故答案选D。

（3）考查推理判断题。

根据文章第三段Instead of having to travel and spend days at each site, a number of cooperators in the field use the app to collect and send data, allowing scientists to gather data more efficiently.可以推断出，技术的进步，使得科学家获得更有效的数据。

故答案选D。

（4）考查主旨大意题。

根据文章大意：文章主要讲述了随着技术的进步，保护濒危的岸禽鸟类的措施变得更加的有效。

故答案选A。

【点评】1. 要想做好科普英语阅读理解题，同学们就要注意平时多读科普知识类文章，学习科普知识，积累常见的科普词汇，从根本上提高科普英语的阅读能力。

2. 要熟悉科普类文章的结构特点。

科普类文章一般由标题(Head line)，导语(Introduction)，背景(Back ground)，主体(Main body)和结尾(End)五部分构成。

标题是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根据历年的高考情况来看，这类阅读理解材料一般不给标题，而要同学们选择标题。

导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。

背景交待一个事实的起因。

主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为
重点。

结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。

3. 在进行推理判断时，同学们一定要以阅读材料所提供的科学事实为依据，同时所得出的结论还应符合基本的科普常识。

7．阅读理解
A young woman sits alone in a café sipping tea and reading a book. She pauses briefly to write in a nearby notepad before showing her words to a passing café waiter: "Where are the toilets please?" This is a familiar scene in Tokyo's so-called "silent cafés", where customers are not allowed to speak, and only communicate by writing in notepads.
The concept rises by a desire to be alone among young Japanese, a situation brought by economic uncertainty, a shift in traditional family support structures and the growing social isolation. The phenomenon is not limited to coffee shops but covers everything from silent discos, where participants dance alone wearing wireless headphones connected to the DJ, to products such as small desk tents designed for conversation-free privacy in the office. One Kyoto company even offers single women the opportunity to have a "one woman wedding"—a full bridal affair, complete with white dress and ceremony, and the only thing missing is the groom. The trend has its own media expression-“botchi-zoku”, referring to individuals who consciously choose to do things completely on their own.
One recent weekday afternoon, Chihiro Higashikokubaru, a 23-year-old nurse, travelled 90 minutes from her home, to Tokyo on her day off in order to enjoy some solo time. Speaking quietly at the entrance of the cafe, Miss Higashikokubaru said: “I heard about this place via Twitter and I like the idea of coming here. I work as a nurse and it's always very busy. There are very few quiet places in Tokyo, and it's a big busy city. I just want to come and sit somewhere quietly on my own. I'm going to drink a cup of tea and maybe do some drawings. I like the idea of a quiet, calm atmosphere.”
The desire to be isolated is not a new concept in Japan, home to an estimated 3.6 million "hikikomori" - a more extreme example of social recluses(隐士) who withdraw completely from society.
（1）What is special about the "silent cafes"?
A. It provides various tea and books.
B. It has attracted many popular young people.
C. It offers service by writing not by speaking.
D. People are not allowed to communicate.（2）Which of the following statement can't account for the idea of being alone in Japan?
A. Unstable economic situation
B. A change in traditional family support pattern
C. The rising demand for privacy
D. The increasing social isolation
（3）What do we know about Higashikokubaru?
A. She doesn't like to be a nurse.
B. She doesn't like the life in big cities.
C. She travelled to Tokyo on her work days.
D. She enjoys her solo time in a quiet place.（4）What is the best title of the passage?
A. Lonely Japanese
B. One woman wedding
C. Social recluses in Japan
D. Silent cafes 【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了日本如今兴起的“无声咖啡馆"的相关信息，特殊服务方式以及原因。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“This is a familiar scene in Tokyo's so-called ‘silent cafés’, where customers are not all owed to speak, and only communicate by writing in notepads.”可知在这家餐厅里顾客和服务员的交流是通过手写实现的。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“The concept rises by a desire to be alone among young Japanese, a situation brought by economic uncertainty, a shift in traditional family support structures and the growing social isolation.”可知在日本出现这一现象是因为经济上的不确定性，传统家庭供养方式的变化以及越来越多的社交隔离。

故ABD三项都是原因。

只有C项文章没有提及。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“One recent weekday afternoon, Chihiro Higashikokubaru, a 23-year-old nurse, travelled 90 minutes from her home, to Tokyo on her day off in order to enjoy some solo time.”可知Chihiro Higashikokubaru旅行90分钟来到东京享受solo time，说明她很喜欢solo time，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据文章主题段第一段可知在日本出现了“silent cafes”并介绍了在日本出现的新的社会现象，人们越来越喜欢独处。

同时分析了出现这一现象的原因主要是经济上的不确定性，传统家庭供养方式的变化以及越来越多的社交隔离。

D项与主题段相关，能够很快切入主旨，可做文章的标题。

选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
We all think plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度)and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide" said researchers from the National University of Singapore.
45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.
" We do not yet know the mechanisms(机制)involved, or why some organism are getting smaller while others are unaffected," the researchers said. "Until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we can't yet quantify."
The change is big in cold-blooded animals. Only two decades of warmer temperatures are enough to make retiles (爬行动物)smaller. An increase of only 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism(新陈代谢). Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growing.。