2023—2024学年安徽省部分学校高一下学期开学考试英语试卷

2023—2024学年安徽省部分学校高一下学期开学考
试英语试卷
一、阅读理解
Here are this year’s four scientific discoveries that could lead to new inventions. Discovery 1—To survive in the ocean, some animals hide themselves from the light, hoping not to be found by a predator (捕食者). However, their eyes reflect (反射) light, creating shine that can give away their location. Some tiny crustaceans (甲壳类动物) have developed a way around this disadvantage. Their eyes are covered with a sheet of special glass that effectively matches their eyeshine to the color of surrounding water. In this way, they become invisible (看不见的). This discovery might help researchers improve relative technologies in remote sensing and communications.
Discovery 2—Brown bears seldom suffer from blood clots (血栓). To find out how they do it, scientists tracked down brown bears in Sweden. They discovered one protein (蛋白质) in brown bears showed a significant seasonal change. The discovery could provide ways for preventive treatment for cancer patients and those likely to develop blood clots.
Discovery 3—Asp caterpillar venom (毛虫毒液) contains an unusual protein. When it reaches the outer surface of a cell (细胞), this protein makes a hole through the cell wall. By researching such nature, engineers could develop medicine delivery ways to get drugs (药物) inside cells where they need to work.
Discovery 4—This year, scientists found two special proteins in bowhead whales. The proteins called CIRBP and RPA2 play a role in DNA repair, making the animals unlikely to develop cancers. As a scientist says, we probably have the solution to cancer medicine out there in nature already.
1. What can we know about the tiny crustaceans?
A．Their eyes reflect light and create
shine.
B．They can carefully hide themselves.
C．Their eyes do not shine while reflecting light.D．They are easily found by their predators.
2. Which discovery might improve ways doctors use drugs?
A．Discovery 1.B．Discovery 2.C．Discovery 3.D．Discovery 4.
3. What do the four discoveries have in common?
A．They provide an inspiration for new ideas or ways of doing things.
B．They might bring about a breakthrough in communication.
C．They are all good for environmental protection.
D．They are all concerned with endangered animals.
As a boy, I knew little about baseball. Yet I later became the father of two boys, Will and Tim, who were both interested in baseball. On Saturday mornings, I’d take Will out to the playground and play catch with him. Because of my weak arm, the ball often dropped before he could catch it. After many misses, he said one day, “How am I ever going to make the major leagues (联盟)?”“You have the wrong dad, kid,” I thought. Baseball isn’t my thing.
Still, I wanted to give my kids confidence on the field. There was an official Little League in our area, but it was super-competitive and only catered to older boys. I really hoped we had something less competitive, something that welcomed younger boys and girls.
I shared the idea with some neighbors. “That would be great!” they said. Now who
could organize such a thing? Not me. I tried to put the idea aside, but it wouldn’t leave me. I finally decided that I must do something about it. So I called the city government, explaining that some families wanted to start a baseball league in our neighborhood. Were there any fields for that? When I had to speak to the official in charge, I got butterflies in my stomach. What if he said no? “Yes, we have two fields for four hours every Sunday morning,” the man said hearing my request. Our league was founded. What a joy it was to sit on the benches, watching Will and Tim playing baseball! And I became the most unlikely baseball commissioner (专员) ever.
Many years have passed. Now Will and Tim are new dads, and I can’t want to see what they’ll have to do. I know better than anyone: Parenthood calls you to do the most unlikely things.
4. Why did the author think his son Will had the wrong father? A．He had poor baseball skills.B．He had no confidence in his son. C．He wouldn’t play catch with his son.
D．He didn’t know what his son’s dream
was.
5. What does the underlined phrase “catered to” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Won the respect of.B．Ensured the safety of.
C．Served the purpose of.D．Saved the trouble of.
6. How did the author probably feel while talking to the official?
A．Confident.B．Peaceful.C．Nervous.D．Proud.
7. What does the author want to stress in the text?
A．The need to challenge oneself.B．The greatness of parental love.
C．The role of sports in kids’ growth.D．The relationship between parents and kids.
Steve Davies, a 23-year-old board designer in Wales, is developing a surfboard made from mycelia (菌丝体) instead of plastic.
A 2022 report showed that more than 400, 000 boards are made each year. The global market for surfboards reached $2.2 billion in 2020 and is expected to reach $3.2 billion by 2027. But about 80% of boards are made from plastic, which can take hundreds of years to break down. This will be a serious problem for the environment as the market grows.
“And even when it does break down, it can go into fish’s ecosystem (生态系统), which means that humans will end up eating this plastic,” Davies said.
Davies made his first surfboard in 2020, but the experience showed him many harmful materials were produced in making each board. During his final year at university, he started looking into mycelia and making his beloved sport more environment-friendly.
“My family owns a farm with horses, so I was quickly able to collect substrate material (基料) in the form of horse bedding, to allow the mycelia to grow in,” Davies explained. “This gave me an idea to start a surfboard business—growing surfboards on a farm near the beach and using waste materials from that very same farm, reducing the transport of materials, and therefore reducing carbon (碳) given out into the environment.”
“In the right conditions, we will grow a mycelium board in around 21 days,” Davies said. “The dream would be to make it the new standard. Connecting with nature would be the new design rules and that would be really cool. We’re using the sea and we should give back to the sea.”
8. What do the numbers in Paragraph 2 mainly show?
A．Going surfing costs a lot of money.B．Surfing is popular with young people.
C．Designing surfboards is a good business.D．Making eco-friendly surfboards is necessary.
9. Why does Davies mention “fish’s ecosystem”?
A．To explain a rule.B．To present a reason. C．To make a comparison.D．To share an experience.
10. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A．Why Davies loved to design surfboards.
B．What made Davies’ surfboard business possible.
C．Why Davies wanted to study mycelia at university.
D．How Davies collected substrate material to make surfboards. 11. What can we learn from Davies’ words in the last paragraph?
A．He supports environment-friendly products.B．He hopes to succeed in selling surfboards.
C．He loves to get designing ideas from sea.D．He dreams of creating cooler surfboards.
While scientists have many ideas, they are not certain why humans yawn(打哈欠). Still, there is one thing experts know—yawns seem to be contagious(传染)!
Have you ever caught a yawn from someone else? Most people have. In fact, a person is six times more likely to yawn after seeing someone else do so. Experts have done many studies into why yawns seem to pass from person to person. As a result, they have a few theories(理论) for the reason behind it.
One possible explanation has something to do with social mirroring, which is
caused by mirror neurons(镜像神经元) in the brain. These mirror neurons help the brain notice useful behavior of others and then copy it. When one person sees another yawn, his mirror neurons observe the action and consider it to be beneficial. That may cause him to yawn, too.
Another popular theory is that yawns are contagious because of social relationships. Being social creatures, humans form friendships, families and live together in groups. That’s why many people mirror others, such as smiling when another person smiles. Yawning may be just another example of this. In fact, research has shown that one is most likely to catch yawns from another person if the two share a social relationship. The answer could even be that yawns aren’t truly contagious at all. Instead, people yawn together simply because they’re in the same environment. Experts say many things may cause yawning, including temperature and time of day. Whatever the explanation is, experts do know that contagious yawns aren’t limited to humans. One study found that lions in South Africa also caught each other’s yawns.
12. What kind of behavior may be copied by mirror neurons?
A．Important and attractive.B．Useful and beneficial.
C．Hard to understand.D．Easy to copy.
13. Whose yawns are people most likely to catch according to Paragraph 4? A．Those who yawn a lot.B．Those who like smiling.
C．Those closely connected with them.D．Those sharing the same interest with them.
14. What might the author continue talking about in the following paragraph?
A．Tips on how to avoid yawning in public.
B．A real explanation for contagious yawning.
C．Other examples of animals yawning together.
D．Things that may cause yawning among humans.
15. Which of the following serves as the best title?
A．Why yawns are contagious B．What causes people to yawn
C．Who yawns more than others D．Why humans yawn now and then
Everyone benefits from exercise, no matter their age, sex or physical ability. Here are a few ways that exercise can lead to a happier, healthier you.
Exercise controls weight. When you take part in physical activity, you burn calories. Regular trips to the gym are great, but don’t worry if you can’t find lots of time to exercise every day. 16 Just get more active throughout your day. For example, take the stairs instead of the elevator.
Worried about heart diseases? Expecting to prevent high blood pressure? 17 Being active increases the “good” cholesterol (胆固醇) and decreases unhealthy triglycerides (甘油三酯). This keeps your blood flowing smoothly, reducing your risk of suffering from heart and blood diseases.
Needing an emotional lift? 18 A visit to the gym or a brief walk can help. Physical activity stimulates (刺激) many brain chemicals that may leave you feeling happier, more relaxed and less anxious.
Struggling to fall into sleep? Regular physical activity can help you fall asleep faster, get better sleep and deepen your sleep. 19 Or you may be too energized to go to sleep.
20 They give you a chance to enjoy the outdoors or simply do activities that make you happy. Physical activity can also help you connect with family or friends in a fun social setting. Find a physical activity you enjoy, and just do it. Bored? Try something new, or do something with friends or family.
A．Just exercise.
B．Just don’t exercise too close to bedtime.
C．Any amount of activity is better than none.
D．Hoping to lower stress after a stressful day?
E．Benefits of regular exercise are hard to forget.
F．Exercise and physical activity can be fun and social!
G．Feeling tired after grocery shopping or doing housework?
二、完形填空
It was November. The sky was gray with dark clouds and a freezing rain. My mood ______ the day. Thanksgiving was coming soon and then Christmas but after that was a long, dark, cold winter and I wasn’t ______ it.
The older I got, the less it seemed I ______ the winter months. When I was a boy, they meant ______ in the snow, making snowmen, having snowball fights, and then sitting with my dog by the ______ and reading my favorite books. Now they just
______ watching the days get shorter, driving on slippy roads, and feeling the cold wind bite my face every time I went outside.
I lay on my bed, hoping I could sleep under the covers until ______ . Just then
my little dog climbed onto my ______ and looked at me with her big, wet eyes. She appeared so sad and miserable. “Is that how I ______ right now?” I thought, knowing that she often ______ my moods. I smiled and patted her until she smiled too.
I feel grateful for having this loving, little dog. She ______ me that the whole world around us is our mirror. We can either be a reflection of ______ or darkness. We can either give the world kindness and joy or fear and ______ . Life truly is what we ______ it and we can reflect our warmth, love and light even in winter’s
______ days.
21.A．counted B．admired C．matched D．rescued
22.A．looking
forward to
B．keeping up
with
C．taking notice
of
D．getting along
with
23.A．achieved B．remembered C．needed D．liked
24.A．playing B．training C．performing D．driving
25.A．roadside B．tree C．river D．fire
26.A．enjoyed B．meant C．advised D．regretted
27.A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter
28.A．stage B．desk C．bed D．chair
29.A．sound B．look C．smell D．taste
30.A．demanded B．forgot C．mirrored D．delivered
31.A．reminds B．suggests C．warns D．promises
32.A．peace B．light C．silence D．patience
33.A．doubt B．surprise C．shame D．anger
34.A．have B．use C．take D．make
35.A．happiest B．simplest C．darkest D．Busiest
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Plant lovers believe that talking to plants helps them grow. Scientists have discovered there could be real 36 (true) in this belief. Researchers have discovered that plants give off sounds when they are stressed. The sounds are quite similar 37 a human cry. Unfortunately, plant sounds are at too high a frequency for the human ear 38 (pick) up. Humans can only hear frequencies of up to 16 kilohertz (赫兹). Using special Al technology, scientists can now pick up sounds 39 (send) out by plants that are up to 250 kilohertz. The Al can also tell differences between different types of plant sounds.
The research 40 (do) in a greenhouse at Israel’s Tel Aviy University. Lead researcher Professor Lilach Hadany said: “Plants usually give off sounds when they 41 (be) under stress. Each plant and each type of stress is connected with 42 specific sound.” She suggested that crop fields could be quite 43 (noise), saying “While unable to be picked up by the human ear, the sounds given off by plants can be heard by bats, 44 (mouse) and insects. Understanding these sounds could help us know when crops need watering, 45 means farmers could water their crops more efficiently and thus save water and money.
四、书信写作
46. 假定你是李华，是某国际学校的学生会主席。

本周六，你校计划去郊区的某生态农场参加劳动实践。

请你代表学生会写一则通知发布在校英文网站上，内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动安排；
3. 呼吁参加。

注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

参考词汇：生态农场an ecological farm
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The Students’ Union
March 4th, 2024五、书面表达
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

People in Victoria have often been admired as they enjoy the year-round good climate of Canada’s “banana belt”. So when the unusual snowstorm struck the area this December, Victorians weren’t prepared.
Before Christmas holiday was over, Victorians wished they would never see snow again! However, between December 21st and 29th, so much snow fell. The little city that seldom sees snow was covered by snow that was over I meter deep.
I called my 87-year-old mother, who lived in a downtown nursing home. She was in poor health, but her mind was active and unaffected. “Mum,” I said, “we’re completely snowed in. It may be a few days before I can get out to see you.”
I was worried. My mother had caught a bad cold. And because of the storm, drugs were not being delivered.
On the morning of December 31st, the phone rang. It was Mother’s nurse in charge.
“The bad cold has seriously influenced your mother’s lungs,” she said. “She’s quite in low spirits, and she’s extremely eager to see you. Your coming may raise her spirits and increase her body’s ability to fight against the disease. Is there any way you can get here?”
I felt hopeless because I knew there was no way I could get there. Like thousands of others in the city, we were trapped.
Friends suggested I turn to C-FAX, one of the local radio stations. Since the heavy snowstorm struck Victoria, C-FAX had canceled its regular programming and was now a communication center for news updates, volunteer coordination (协调) and health and safety tips. In fact, it had become Victoria’s lifeline.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

I picked up my phone and asked anxiously, “Can you help me?”
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Later, I eagerly got on a truck heading for the nursing room.
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