高中英语知识讲解 必修3第1-2单元复习与巩固

必修3第1-2单元复习与巩固
编稿：牛新阁
学习目标
重点词句
说明：重点单词短语在各个单元的重点词汇中已经详细讲过，在复习单元不再重复，只就容易用错的部分进行提示和补充。

Unit 1：apologize与forgive，permission与permit，remind，clothing，trick，belief
Unit 2：lie，consult，digest
Unit 1：as though/ as if, have fun with, look forward to
Unit 2：spy on，put on weigh，before long，get away with
重点语法
情态动词
综合运用
重点词句
apologize与forgive
【点拨1】apologize vi.道歉apology n. 道歉
搭配：apologize to sb. for sth. 因为某事向某人道歉
Mr Jones sends his apologies for not attending the meeting. 琼斯先生为不能出席会议致歉。

We apologized to him for our error. 我们为我们的过错向他道歉。

【拓展】同义表达：I’m sorry
(I’m) Sorry比较口语，多用于非正式化的道歉，而apology（名词）以及apologize（动词）常用于正式化的道歉。

I'm sorry, but you will have to leave. 不好意思，但你必须离开。

I do apologize for this interruption, Mr Jones. 很抱歉打断你了，琼斯先生。

【点拨2】forgive vt. & vi.原谅，饶恕
结构：forgive sb. for sth. / doing sth. 饶恕某人某事
forgive me for…原谅我……（用于礼貌地表示道歉）
I'll never forgive her for what she did. 我永远也不会原谅她做的事。

Forgive me for interrupting, but I really don't agree with that.
抱歉打断您，但是我真的不同意那个建议。

【拓展】同义表达：excuse, forgive, pardon
Please excuse /forgive/ pardon] me for not writing sooner. 请原谅我没有早点(给你)写信。

但严格说来，三者在语气上有较大差别：excuse 是普通用词，语气较轻，主要用于日常社交中对一些轻微的过失表示道歉；forgive比excuse 语气稍重，并且带有较强的个人感情色彩，含有一旦forgive 则怨恨消失且不加追究之意；pardon 语气最重，原指法律上的“赦免”，但在普通用法中也有免于惩罚或追究的意思。

They forgave him for being rude. 他们原谅了他的鲁莽。

Pardon me for interrupting you. 对不起打扰你了。

Excuse me for opening your letter by mistake. 请原谅我不小心拆了你的信。

permission与permit
【点拨】permission与permit
1. permission 准许，许可，批准[U]；许可证，书面许可[C]
2. permit n.许可证，特许证
They cannot leave the country without permission.
他们不能擅自离开该国家。

You have my permission to leave. 你可以离开了。

You should apply for a parking permit.
你应该申请停车许可证。

You can’t work here without a work permit.
没有工作许可证你不能工作。

【拓展】permit vt. & vi.许可，准许
Dictionaries are not permitted to be brought into the classroom when students take exams.
考试时，词典是不允许被学生带进教室的。

If time permits (Time permitting) , I hope I can call on my uncle in Shanghai.
如果时间允许的话，我希望能拜访一下在上海的叔叔。

remind
【点拨】remind使(人)想起，提醒
remind sb. of sb. / sth. 使……想到某人或某物，提醒某人注意某事
He reminds me of his father. 看到他使我想起他的父亲。

The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.
看到钟使我想起我已经晚了。

Be sure to remind her of the meeting she has to attend.
务必提醒她要参加那次会议。

Can someone remind me what I should do next?
谁能告诉我下一步该怎么做？
clothing
【点拨】clothing [U] 衣服，服装（“衣服”的总称，是不可数的集合名词）
注意：
1. clothing用作主语时，其后谓语动词要用单数。

2. 表示一件衣服，可借助单位词article, item或piece。

3. 汉语说“衣食”，但英语通常说成food and clothing。

We need warm clothing for the winter. 我们需要暖和的衣服过冬。

Loose clothing gives you greater freedom of movement. 穿宽松的衣服就能活动自如。

A coat is an article of clothing. 上衣是一件衣服。

The police examined several items of clothing. 警方检查了几件衣服。

Food, clothing and shelter are all basic necessities of life. 衣、食、住所是生活的基本必需品。

【拓展】clothes 衣服（复数名词，其前不可加不定冠词，也不可加数词）
I need to buy some clothes. 我需要买些衣服。

These clothes wash well. 这些衣服经洗。

You look rather shabby in those clothes. 你穿着那种衣服显得很寒酸。

I don’t have many clothes for summer. 我夏天穿的衣服不多。

trick
【点拨】trick vt.欺骗；戏弄
n.诡计；花招；把戏；诀窍
搭配：play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人，戏弄某人
trick sb into doing sth 哄骗某人去干某事
trick sb. out of sth 诱骗某人某物
It's an old trick but it just might work.
这是个老掉牙的把戏了，不过也许会有用。

None of your little trick! 不要再玩鬼把戏!
It's bad to trick others into doing things they do not clearly understand.
诱骗别人做他们并不知道原委的事情是不对的。

The boys hid Jone’s bike to play a trick on him.
孩子们把乔恩的自行车藏起来捉弄他。

Daily practice is the trick in learning a foreign language.
天天练习是学习外语的窍门。

belief
【点拨】belief n.信念；信仰；相信（常与in连用）
注意：belief指“承认某事是真的，尽管有或没有确凿的证据”。

belief in ghosts 相信有鬼
beyond belief 难以置信
There is nothing more natural than a child's belief in his parents.
没有任何事情比一个孩子对其父母的信赖更为自然了。

The incident has shaken my belief in the police.
此事动摇了我对警方的信赖。

【拓展】faith 指“认为有确凿证据或道理而完全相信”，如：
I have faith in his ability to succeed. 我相信他有成功的能力。

I have great faith in you—I know you'll do well. 我相信你——我知道你会做好。

lie
【点拨】lie
1. vi. 躺，位于，在（现在分词lying；过去式lay；过去分词lain）
He lay on the floor, reading a book. 他躺在地板上看书。

he has lain in bed for three days. 她已经在床上躺了三天了。

The small town lies among the mountains. 小镇位于群山之中。

2. vi. 撒谎(lying；lie-lied-lied)
n. 撒谎
I'm sorry for lying but it seemed the best thing to do at the time!
我很抱歉，我说了谎；但是在当时，那是最好的选择。

He has lied since his childhood. 他从小就一直撒谎。

a white lie 善意的谎言
【拓展】lay vt.平放，放置（laying，laid，laid）
vt. & vi. 下蛋
He laid his hand on my shoulder. 他把手放在我的肩上。

Don’t lay your coat on the bed. 不要把你的外衣放在床上。

一句话助记：A rooster lying on the ground lied that he laid an egg yesterday.
一个躺在地上的老公鸡撒谎说他昨天下了一个蛋。

consult
【点拨】consult vt. & vi. 商议，商量；请教，咨询；找(医生)诊治
They consulted long, but could not decide.
他们磋商了很久, 但是不能做出决定。

He consulted the workers to understand the technical process.
他询问工人, 想了解技术上的程序。

Consult your doctor about how much exercise you should attempt.
咨询一下医生你需要多大的运动量。

Please consult your dictionary when meeting with new words．
当遇到生词时，请查阅词典。

【拓展】consultant n.顾问
He is a consultant on law affairs to the mayor.
他是市长的一个法律顾问。

digest
【点拨】digest vt.& vi. 消化；吸收；融会贯通
n.文摘，摘要
The baby had a hard time digesting such rich food.
婴儿很难消化如此油腻的食物。

It took him a while to digest the bad news.
过了一会儿他才领悟那则坏消息。

I tried to digest this article on nuclear energy.
我力图理解这篇有关核能的文章。

Cheese doesn't digest easily.
奶酪不易被消化。

the Reader's Digest 《读者文摘》
as though/ as if
【点拨】as though/ as if
It looks as if they have succeeded in the experiment. 看来好像他们试验成功了。

The lady felt as if she lost something. 这位女士感觉好像丢了什么东西。

注意1：as if 引出的方式状语从句所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观想象或夸大性的比喻时，通常用虚拟语气。

1. 谈论现在情形的，用过去时（动词be用were,也可用was）：
He behaves as if he owned the house. 他的样子好像他拥有这个房子。

The young man with long hair looks as if he were a girl.
这位满头长发的男青年看上去像个女的。

2. 谈论的从句动作先于主句动词而发生或完成，用过去完成时。

The injured man acted as if nothing had happened to him.
这位受伤的男子表现得好像没发生什么事一样。

3. 表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would / could / might + 动词原形”。

He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。

注意2：当as if和as though从句的主语与主句一致时，该主语和后面的动词可以省略。

He acts as if (he was) a fool. 他做事像个傻子。

He paused as if (he was going) to let the sad memory pass.
他停了下来，就好像要把悲伤的记忆抹去。

The girl left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry.
女孩匆忙离开房间，好像生气的样子。

From time to time, Jason turned round as if (he was) searching for someone.
贾森不时地转过身来，好象在找人。

have fun with
【点拨】have fun (with sb) (与某人)玩得开心
搭配：
have fun with sb. 与某人玩得开心
have fun with sth. 从……中得到乐趣
have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事很开心
We had fun with each other on that day. 我们那天都玩得很愉快。

You can visit our website on the Internet and have fun with Geography.
你可以访问我们的站从地理中寻找乐趣。

We had fun riding our bicycles to the beach today.
我们今天骑自行车去海滨玩得很开心。

【拓展1】fun n.乐趣，有趣的人或事（不可数名词，无复数，不加a）
adj.令人愉快的，有趣的
对比：funny adj.好笑的，滑稽的；n.滑稽人物，笑话
What a fun person he is! 他多么有趣啊！
Sailing is good fun. 帆船运动非常有趣。

That's the funniest thing I've ever heard. 那是我听过的最好笑的事了。

【拓展2】相关短语
make fun of 取笑for fun 为了好玩
look forward to
【点拨】look forward to (doing) sth. 期待着(做)某事
注意：此短语中to是介词，后接名词或动词-ing形式。

Children are looking forward to Spring Festival.
孩子们期待着春节。

He’s looking forward to hearing from his pen pal.
他期待着收到笔友的信/邮件/电话等。

【拓展】带介词to的常用短语
be/get/bee used to 习惯于be addicted to 沉溺于；对…上瘾
devote oneself to献身于；专心于be admitted to 被…录取；准进入
get down to 着手做lead to 导致
pay attention to 注意contribute to对…作贡献；有助于
turn to转向；求助于help oneself to 随便用……
spy on
【点拨】spy vi. & vt.窥探，秘密监视
n. 间谍；侦探；侦察
搭配：spy on 暗中监视，侦查
He sent out a party to spy the enemy.
他派出一个小分队暗中监视敌人的行动。

I spy someone on the garden path.
我看到花园小径上有个人。

How much did you pay the man to spy on me?
你付那人多少钱来监视我？
Our neighbours are always looking out of their windows，spying on us．
我们邻居总是透过他们自己的窗户窥视我们。

Video spy cameras are being used in public places.
公共场合装了录像监视照相机。

put on weight
【点拨】put on weigh 增加体重（=gain weight）
对比：lose weight体重减轻，减肥
Not having seen her for a few months, I was shocked to see that Jane has put on so much weight. 几个月不见她，我很吃惊地看见简体重增加了这么多。

He’s put on/gained weight since he gave up smoking.
自从他戒烟后，他体重增加了。

She is trying to lose weight. 她在减肥。

【拓展】weight n.重量，体重，重要
weigh vt. & vi.称……的重量，权衡，重量为
weight lifting 举重
Don't put any weight on that ankle for at least a week.
至少一周不要让脚踝承受重量。

weigh the advantages against the disadvantages 权衡利弊
Do you believe that the boy weighs 60 kilos? 你相信那个男孩儿体重60公斤吗？
before long
【点拨】before long 不久以后（= soon/ a little while later）
We will know about it before long. 我们很快就会知道此事的。

I hope to see you before long. 我盼望不久就能见到你。

【拓展】long before 很久以前（助记：long long ago 很久很久以前---多用于讲故事）
注意：此短语可以单独使用，一般用在过去完成时的句子里，也可以后面接从句构成句型。

We've seen that film long before. 我们早已看过那部电影了。

I had heard of him long before I came here.
早在我来这里很久之前我就听说过他的情况。

Mark learned to read long before he started school.
马克上学之前很早就学会了看书。

It won’t be lo ng before we see each other. 不久我们又会见面的。

get away with
【点拨】get away with 不因(做了某事)受处罚；被放过；偷偷携带某物潜逃；偷走
Not many criminals get away with their crimes．
没有多少罪犯能逃之夭夭。

You can't be rude to everyone and expect to get away with it forever．
你不能对每个人都蛮横无理而且想永远都不会受到惩罚。

Thieves got away with puter equipment worth $30,000.
盗贼偷走了价值3万美元的计算机设备。

【拓展】
get about 走动；旅行；(消息等)传开来
get on/along well with...与……相处得好；进展得好
get in touch with...与……取得联系
get into the habit of...染上……的习惯
get into trouble 陷入困境
get out (of...) (使)出去；离开；逃脱；摆脱
重点语法
情态动词1
表示能力：can，could，be able to
1. can有两种时态形式，现在时can和过去式could，而be able to有多种时态形式。

2. was/were able to表示经过一番努力后取得了成功，相当于manage to do或succeed in doing，而could没有这个含义。

I'm going to Europe on vacation together with John if I can find the money.
如果我现在能有足够的钱，我将和约翰一起去欧洲度假。

Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain.
昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。

表示必要、义务、责任、劝告及建议：must，should，ought to，have to
1. ought to与should意思大体相同，但ought to语气比should重，往往表示从法律或道义上“应该”，也用于表示劝告及建议。

You are his father and ought to take care of him.
你是他父亲，应当照顾他。

Young people should show respect to the old.
年轻人应该尊重老年人。

You should / ought to go to class right away. 你应该立刻去上课。

2. have to表示“必须，不得不”，这个意义与must很接近，但must表示主观意志，而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。

I told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必须戒烟。

I have to hand in my term paper before 5：00 p．m. today. 我必须今天下午5点前交学期论文。

3. don't have to＝needn't表示“不必”
—What do you think we can do for our aged parents?
为了我们年迈的父母，你认为我们可以做些什么事呢？
—You don't have to/ needn't do anything except to be with them and be yourself.
你不必做任何事情，只要能真情地陪伴他们。

情态动词2
表示请求、允许、命令、禁止：can，may，shall，will，mustn’t
1. 请求允许：can，may，could，might
—Could/ Can/ Might/ May I take the book out? 我可以把书带出去吗？
—I'm afraid not. 恐怕不能。

/ Yes, you can. (不用could)/ No, you mustn’t /can’t. (不用may not) 2. 请人帮忙做某事：can，could
Could/ Can you feed the cat, please? 你能喂喂猫吗？
3. 禁止：mustn’t
The new law states that people mustn't drive after drinking alcohol.
新颁布的法律禁止人们酒后驾车。

4. shall用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示法律规定时，意为“应该”。

One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.
我们的规章制度之一就是在校时每个学生都应该穿校服。

5. Shall I/ he …? （shall在问句中，用于第一、三人称表示请示或征求意见）
Shall he e in now? 他可以进来吗？
6. Will/ Would you …？（will在问句中用于第二人称表示委婉地请求）
Will / Would you pass me the salt, please? 请把盐递给我好吗？
表示推测和可能
1. 否定句中用can’t (不可能)，may not（可能不）。

It can’t be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock. 不可能是邮递员，才六点。

He might not e. He said he wasn't certain what his plans were.
他可能不会来，他说他不能确定他的计划。

2. 疑问句中用can/could。

Can it be Tom that stole the manager's mobile phone?
有可能是Tom偷了经理的手机吗？
3. 肯定句中用must（一定），may（可能），should（很可能，应该，指按常理推测），can（表
示理论上的可能性）
You must have a wrong number. There's no one of that name here.
你一定弄错码了，这里没有叫这个名字的人。

Some people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they may just be quiet people. 言语不多的人未必就腼腆，他们可能只是好静而已。

He ought to/should be home by now. 现在他应该在家。

（语气含蓄）
Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟有可能引起癌症。

4. could和might此时不表示过去，而表示较弱的可能性。

They saw something in the sky last night. It could/might be a UFO.
昨天晚上他们看见天空中有个东西。

它有可能是不明飞行物。

情态动词3
情态动词＋have done
1. must have done“一定已经做了”，表肯定推测，否定式为can't/couldn't have done；
He must have arrived already．他一定已经到了。

He cannot have been to that town. 他不可能去过那个镇子。

2. can/could have done表示“本来能够做，却没有”，或“过去可能会”；
I could have helped you, but why didn’t you tell me?
我本可以帮助你，但是你为什么没有告诉我？
3. may/might have done不用于疑问句，表示“也许……；或许已经做了……”；
You may have read some account of the matter. 你可能读过这件事的报告。

4. should/ought to have done意为“本该做了，但未做”，否定式shouldn't/ought not to have done
意为“本不该做，但做了”。

它们都暗含对其责备；
You should have started earlier. 你本应该早点出发。

5. needn't have done表示“做了本没有必要做的事”；
You needn’t have b ought all these. 你本来不需要买这些东西。

“偏义”大本营
1. must还“偏要”。

Why must it rain on Sunday ？为什么偏在星期天下雨？
2. shall可以用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人的允诺、命令、警告、威胁等；在法律、条约、协定等文件中可以表示义务、规定等。

You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。

（允诺）
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。

（警告）
3. will可以表示意愿。

will还可以表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性等，意为“经常，惯于，总是”。

would是will的过去式。

I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。

Fish will die without water. 没有水鱼会死。

4. should表示惊异、意外等情绪，经常用于疑问句和肯定句中，多译为“竟然，居然”。

I don't know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。

5. can表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。

（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）
Can this be true? 这能是真的？
6. need和dare：作情态动词用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中。

need用于肯定句中是实意动词。

I dare say是习惯说法。

There's plenty of time. We needn't drive so fast.
综合运用
如何写好并列句1
做书面表达题时，我们常会遇到两个或更多的语义相关的句子，如用简单句来表达这些密切相关的句子，就不能更好地表现出它们之间的关系。

而且，如果通篇都是简单句，尽管文章将要点内容都覆盖了，得分也不会很高。

这时，我们就要使用适当的并列句和复合句。

要写好并列句，首先要清晰地掌握并列句的连接词及相关的同义词。

研究下面表格：
接下去，认真研读以下并列句，分析其逻辑关系，尝试使用不同的连接词，感受逻辑关系的不同，及不同的表达方式。

1. 并列与递进
He works hard, and he plays hard too.
分析：在前一个分句的意思的基础上有递进，在否定句中常用or。

其他表达：
He not only works hard, but also plays hard.
He plays hard as well as works hard.
Without gravity, there would be no air or sound of any kind.
注意：not only…but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。

Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.
2. 转折与对比
I was tired, but I felt happy.
分析：两个分句是转折的关系，用but连接。

I have failed, yet I shall try again.
分析：yet作副词用，用于否定句表示“还”；用于疑问句表示“已经”；作连词表示“但是，却”。

Some people love cats, while others hate them. 有人喜欢猫，而有人不喜欢。

分析：while表示对比。

He would have won the game easily; however, he fell and broke his leg.
分析：however是副词，注意句子两部分之间的分，也可以用句，however首字母大写。

如何写好并列句2
3. 补充说明
We stayed at home, for it was raining.
分析：后一个分句是对前一个分句的原因的补充，不能放句首。

比较：because指直接原因，强调原因，回答why的问题，常放在主句后面。

as比because弱，表示显而易见的原因，常放在句首。

since \ now that “既然”，常放句首。

He is absent because he is ill. 他不来因为他病了。

As you are the oldest, you should take care of the others.
由于你最大，你应该照顾其他人。

Now that/Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.
既然大家都来了，咱们开会吧。

It is morning, for the birds are singing in the trees. 鸟叫了，早晨来了。

4. 表示结果
It was cold, so we decided to stay at home.
比较：He didn't finish his homework, and therefore was punished by the teacher.
分析：第一个句子：后一个分句是结果，用so；第二个句子注意有and，therefore是副词，如果没有and，前句后应用分或句。

5. 祈使句+and/ or+陈述句
Hurry up, or you’ll be late for class.
分析：后一个分句是与前一个分句的相反的结果。

One more effort, and you will succeed.
分析：后一个分句是前一个名词词组充当的祈使句的结果。

6. 表示“也不”。

I don’t agree with you, nor does my partner.
分析：nor/neither位于句首，要部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词、be等放主语前。

练一练---翻译句子
1. 昨天我生日，很多同学送我礼物。

__________________________________________________________
2. 书籍增长了我们的见识，开拓了我们的视野（vision）。

__________________________________________________________
3. 地震中有10人死亡，3000多人无家可归。

__________________________________________________________
4. 兄弟俩很不同。

一个喜欢看书，另一个热衷运动。

__________________________________________________________
5. 宠物通常很脏，甚至有的会伤人。

__________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1. It was my birthday yesterday, so many classmates gave me presents.
2. Books not only enrich our knowledge but also widen our vision.
3. Ten people were killed in the earthquake, and more than 3,000 people were left homeless.
4. The brothers are very different: one likes reading while the other is crazy about sports.
5. Pets are usually dirty and some might even hurt people.。