小麦机械化收获减损技术指导意见

小麦机械化收获减损技术指导意见
English answer:
Introduction:
Wheat mechanized harvesting loss reduction technology guidelines provide technical guidance for reducing wheat mechanized harvesting losses and improving grain harvesting efficiency. It is of great significance for ensuring national food security and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.
1. Pre-harvest management.
(1) Reasonable close planting: Reasonable close
planting can increase the number of tillers per unit area, reduce the lodging rate, and create good conditions for harvesting.
(2) Timely irrigation and drainage: Timely irrigation
and drainage can promote the growth and development of wheat, reduce lodging, and facilitate harvesting.
(3) Disease and insect pest control: Strengthen disease and insect pest control to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, prevent lodging, and reduce harvesting losses.
(4) Chemical desiccation: Chemical desiccation can accelerate the ripening of wheat, reduce the moisture content of grains, and facilitate harvesting.
2. Harvesting period selection.
(1) Harvesting period: The harvesting period should be selected according to the local climate and wheat maturity. Generally, when the moisture content of grains is 13%-15%, it is suitable for harvesting.
(2) Harvesting time: Harvesting should be carried out in the morning or evening when the dew is dry, and avoid harvesting at noon when the temperature is high.
3. Mechanical harvesting.
(1) Selection of harvesting machinery: Select harvesting machinery with reasonable harvesting width, proper cutting height, and good adaptability to the local terrain.
(2) Adjustment of harvesting parameters: Adjust the harvesting parameters such as reel speed, cutting speed, and concave clearance according to the wheat variety, lodging condition, and harvesting environment to reduce grain loss.
(3) Field operation: Pay attention to the field operation of harvesting machinery, avoid excessive speed, and prevent the occurrence of grain loss caused by shaking and collision.
4. Post-harvest management.
(1) Timely transportation: After harvesting, the wheat
should be transported to the grain depot in time to avoid the loss caused by rain, sun, and rodents.
(2) Proper storage: The wheat should be stored in a dry and ventilated warehouse to prevent the loss caused by mildew and insects.
Conclusion:
By implementing the wheat mechanized harvesting loss reduction technology guidelines, we can effectively reduce the wheat mechanized harvesting losses, improve the grain harvesting efficiency, ensure national food security, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture.
Chinese answer:
前言：
小麦机械化收获减损技术指导意见是为了降低小麦机械化收获
损失，提高粮食收获效率而制定的技术指导。

对保障国家粮食安全，促进农业可持续发展具有重要意义。

1. 收获前管理。

（1）合理密植，合理密植可增加单位面积上的分蘖数，降低倒伏率，为收获创造良好的条件。

（2）适时灌溉排水，适时灌溉排水，可以促进小麦生长发育，减少倒伏，利于收获。

（3）病虫害防治，加强病虫害防治，减少病虫害的发生，防止倒伏，减少收获损失。

（4）化学催熟，化学催熟可以加快小麦成熟，降低籽粒水分，利于收获。

2. 收获时机选择。

（1）收获期，收获期应根据当地气候和小麦成熟度确定。

一般当籽粒水分降至13%～15%时，即可适收。

（2）收获时间，收获应选择露水干后上午或傍晚进行，避免正午高温时收获。

3. 机械收获。

（1）收割机的选用，选用收割幅宽合理、切割高度适宜、与当地地形适应性好的收割机。

（2）收获参数调整，根据小麦品种、倒伏情况和收获环境，调整收割转速、行进速度、凹板间隙等收获参数，减少籽粒损失。

（3）田间作业，注意收割机的田间作业，避免过快速度，防止因震动和碰撞造成籽粒损失。

4. 收获后管理。

（1）及时运输，收获后的麦子应及时运至粮库，避免因雨淋、日晒、鼠害等造成的损失。

（2）适宜储存，将麦子储存至干燥通风的仓库，防止霉变、虫害造成的损失。

结论：
通过实施小麦机械化收获减损技术指导意见，可以有效降低小麦机械化收获损失，提高粮食收获效率，保障国家粮食安全，促进农业可持续发展。