人教版高考英语一轮总复习 语法专题突破 专题四 非谓语动词

7.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)The next morning he hired a boat and set out to find (find) the well-known painter. 8.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They are easy to care (care) for and make great presents 9.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,
鉴于/考虑到…… 一般来说 依据……来判断 假如…… 由于…… 实话实说 谈及…… 老实说
三、作补足语
【真题语境】 ◆单句语法填空 1.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times
decorated (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 2.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds surrounding (surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.
4.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They represent the earth coming (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 5.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman of the Year” for
【点津】 find,leave,keep后一般跟动词-ing形式和过去分词作补足语,而不跟动词不 定式。 What you said left me thinking.
四、作主语和宾语
【真题语境】 ◆单句语法填空 1.(2021·全国甲卷)It is possible to walk (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers. 2.(2021·全国乙卷)Minimize the impact of visiting (visit) the place. 3.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements,leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.
◆单句改错 3.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs,and I thought it must be easy to cook. frying→fried
【用法点拨】
动词 动词-ing形式与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或表示正在进行
【用法点拨】
非谓语 动词
作主语
作宾语
表具体的或一次性 1.动词的宾语。只能跟不定式作宾语的
的动作,特别是将来 动词和动词短语有:beg,offer,wish,hope,
的动作。
decide,refuse,promise,pretend,manage,
不定式 常用句型: It’s+adj.+for/of
persuade,remind,invite,depend on,call on等。
过去分词
过去分词作宾语补足语时,表示被动和完成,与宾语之间是 逻辑上的动宾关系。
动词 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语与宾语补足语之
-ing形式 间是逻辑上的主谓关系。
We found the village greatly changed. I found her listening to the radio when I passed by.
专题四 非谓语动词
语法专题
突
破
英语
内容索引
增素能 精准突破 测效果 课堂评价
增素能 精准突破
一、作定语
【真题语境】 ◆单句语法填空 1.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain,still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching (ache) legs. 2.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award,proud Irene declared she had no plans to retire (retire) from her 36-year-old business.
listening (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 10.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.
want,plan,fail,choose,would like等。 2.少数介词,如but,except后可跟不定式 作宾语,如:Now he had given himself no
sb+to do sth
choice but to tell her.
being (be) Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.
◆单句改错 6.(2021·全国甲卷)Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others.
式 高级或no/all/any/only等限定的词;③用来修饰的词是抽象名词。
The boy is often the first to come.
过去 分词
过去分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示已经完 成或被动(不及物动词的过去分词作定语只表示已经完成)。
The retired worker is sweeping the fallen leaves on the road.
①表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况 等。 动词 Using your head,you’ll find a good way. -ing ②一般式表示与谓语动词同时进行。 形式 They eat using the fingers of their right hands. ③完成式强调发生在谓语动词之前。
Having visited the lab,the visitors went to the library. 与句子主语之间是动宾关系。 过去 分词 When asked her future plans,the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher.
talk→talking 7.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)My mom told me how to preparing it.
preparing→prepare 8.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)If I succeed in manage one,I will open more.
manage→managing
-ing 的、主动的动作(having done/having been done不作定语)。
Hale Waihona Puke 形式 The boy swimming in the lake is my brother.
动词不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系、
不定 动宾关系或同位关系:①表示将来的动作;②修饰被序数词、最
二、作状语
【真题语境】 ◆单句语法填空 1.(2021·浙江卷)Mary’s sister,Frances Todd Wallace,often came over
to plant (plant) flowers in the front yard. 2.(2021·全国甲卷)After spending (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history! 3.(2021·全国乙卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
◆单句改错 11.(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly,say that I had a talent for football. say→saying
【用法点拨】
①表示目的。 I come here to say goodbye to you. 不定 ②表示结果:only to do;enough to do; 式 so/such...as to do;too...to do。 ③表示原因等。 We’re proud to be young people of China.
4.(2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, thinking (think) it is food. 5.(2021·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)I decided to do something to educate (educate) people about this problem. 6.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 to find (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.
【点津】
以下是独立成分作状语,其形式不受前后文的影响。
considering/given that... generally speaking judging by/from... supposing/providing that... owing to... to tell the truth speaking of... to be honest
◆单句改错 3.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)I tell my mom that if we’re forced eat things,we may become ill. forced后加to
【用法点拨】
有些动词或动词短语后接不定式作宾语补足语,即“动词(短
不定式 语)+宾语+to do”,如advise,want,allow,permit,