Chapter9ChemistryofCoordinationCompounds配位化合物

Latin stem, as in this example.
6. The oxidation number of the metal is given in parentheses in Roman numerals following the name of the metal. For example, the Roman numeral III is used to indicate the +3 oxidation state of cobalt in [Co(NH3)5Cl]2+.
The metal ion and the ligands that are covalently bound to it make up the coordination sphere(配位层) of the complex. The number of donor atoms bound to the metal ion is the coordination number (配 位数). Coordination numbers of 2, 4, and 6 are common. The geometry of a complex is determined in part by its coordination number. (Size of the ligands can also impact the geometry.)
• 配离子或中性配位化合物的命名顺序为:配体-合-中心离子 或原子 (氧化数) .不同配体之间用圆点分开,阴离子配体在 前,中性配体在后;配位数用汉字表示(二、三…等),氧化数 用带括号的罗马字表示.
配阴离子配合物 —— 某酸盐
K2[SiF6] K[PtCl5(NH 3)] Na[Co(CO)4]
六氟合硅(Ⅳ)酸钾 五氯 • 氨合铂(Ⅳ)酸钾 四羰基合钴(-Ⅰ)酸钠
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3. The names of the anionic ligands end in the letter o, whereas neutral ones ordinarily bear the name of the molecule. Special names are given to H2O (aqua) and NH3 (ammine). For example, the terms chloro and ammine occur in the name for [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2
Questions
1. What is the charge on the nickel ion in the complex ion [Ni(NH3)6] 2+? (1) +6; (2) +2; (3) +8; (4) –4;
2. What is the coordination number of chromium in the complex ion [Cr(H2O)4Cl2]+? (1) 2; (2) 4; (3) 5; (4) 6
(外界)
4
The charge on a central metal ion can be determined in much the same way that oxidation numbers are determined in molecular compounds. It is important to recognize common molecules, to remember that they are neutral, and to know the charges on both monoatomic and polyatomic ions. The sum of charges on the metal ion and the ligands must equal the net charge on the complex.
2
Coordination Number 2 4
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Geometry(几何构型) Linear(直线型)
Tetrahedral(more common) or square planar (平面四方型) Octahedral(八面体)
3
Donor atom(配位原子)
Donor atom(配位原子)
3. What is the coordination number of iron in [Fe(en)2Cl2]Cl? (1) 2; (2) 4; (3) 6; (4) 8
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9.1.2 Nomenclature(命名法) of Coordination Compounds
1. 中文命名规则
• 配位化合物的命名与无机盐的命名规则相似,阴离子在前, 阳离子在后.
9.1 The Basic Concepts of Coordination Compounds(配位化合物的基本概念)
9.1.1 The Composition(组成) of Coordination Compounds
A metal complex, or simply a complex(络合物), is a metal ion bound to a group of surrounding ions or molecules. When a complex is charged, it is called a complexion. Coordination compounds(配位化合物) are compounds that contain complexes.
2. Within a complex ion or molecule, the ligands are named before the metal. Ligands are listed in alphabetical order(字母 顺序), regardless of the charge on the ligand. Prefixes that give the number of ligands are not considered part of the ligand name in determining alphabetical order. Thus, in the [Co(NH3)5Cl]2+ ion we name the ammonia ligands first, then the chloride, then the metal: pentaamminechlorocobalt(III). Note, however, that in writing the formula, the metal is listed first.
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5. If the complex is an anion, its name ends in -ate. For
example, in K4[Fe(CN)6] the anion is called the hexacyanoferrate(II) ion. The suffix -ate is often added to the
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*2. 英文命名规则(self-study )
The system for naming coordination compounds is as follows:
1. In naming salts, the name of the cation is given before the name of the anion. Thus, in [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 we name the [Co(NH3)5Cl]2+ and then the Cl–.
Samples
[Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl
4. A Greek prefix (for example, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-) is used to indicate the number of each kind of ligand when more than one is present. Therefore, in the name for [Co(NH3)5Cl]2+ we have pentaammine, indicating five ligands. If the name of the ligand itself contains a Greek prefix, such as mono- or di-, the name of the ligand is enclosed in parentheses, and alternate prefixes (bis-, tris- tetrakis-, pentakis-, and hexakis-) are used. For example, the name for [Co(en)3]Cl3 is tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride.
most common. If metal or nonmetal atoms(no charges) is the
core, called centre atom(中心原子).
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The molecules or ions that surround a metal ion in a complex are called ligands(配体). Ligands may be anions or polar molecules. Some common ligands are water, ammonia, hydroxide, cyanide(氰 化物), and chloride. Each of these has at least one unshared pair of electrons that can be used to coordinate(配位) (form a coordinate covalent bond(配位共价键) to the metal ion). Metal ions can act as Lewis acids, accepting electrons from ligands, which act as Lewis bases. The atom that is bound directly to the metal ion is called the donor atom(配位原子). It’s the atom that donates(提供) a lone pair of electrons to the metal ion.
CrCl6
[Ag(NH3) 2] +
K4[Fe(CN) 6]
Complex Complexion Coordination compound
The metal ions are called centre ions(中心离子), it is the core
part of a Coordination compounds. The transition metal ion is
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配阳离子配合物——酸某盐
[Zn(NH3)4]Cl2
二氯化四氨合锌(Ⅱ)
[CoCl(NH3)5]Cl2
二氯化一氯 • 五氨合钴(Ⅲ)
[Co (NH3)2(en)2] (NO3)3 硝酸二氨 • 二(乙二胺) 合钴(Ⅲ)
中性配合物
[PtCl2(NH3)2] [Co(NO2)3(NH 三氨合钴(Ⅲ)
Centre ion ligands
Centre ion ligands
[Cu(NH3)4]SO4
coordination number
K4 [Fe(CN)6]
coordination number
Inner sphere
(内界)
Outer sphere (外界)
Inner sphere (内界)
Outer sphere