专业八级-252_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

专业八级-252
(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)
PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and anther ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note taking.
At **panies and industries like to
sponsor sports events. Two reasons are put forward
to explain this phenomenon. The first reason is that
they get (1) ______ throughout the world. The
second (1)______
reason is **panies and industries (2)
______ (2)______
money, as they get reductions in the tax they owe if
they sponsor sports or arts activities.
As sponsorship is (3) ______, careful
thinking (3)______
is required in deciding which events to sponsor. It is
important that the event to be sponsored (4)
______ (4)______
the product(s) to be promoted. That is, the right
(5) ______ and maximum product coverage must
be (5)______
guaranteed in the event.
Points to be considered in sports sponsorship.
Popularity of the event
International sports events are big (6)
______ event, (6)______
which get extensive coverage on TV and in the
press. Smaller events attract fewer people.
Identification of the potential audience
Aiming at the right audience is most important for
smaller events. The right audience would attract
manufacturers of other related products like
(7)______,
etc.
(7)______
Advantages of sponsorship
Advantages are longer-term.
People are expected to respond (8)______ to
the (8)______
products promoted and be more likely to buy them.
Advertising is (9) ______ the
mind. (9)______
Sponsorship is better than straight advertising:
a) less
(10)______ (10)____ __
b) tax-free
SSS_FILL
1.
该问题分值: 1
答案:known
[听力原文]1-10
It is common nowadays **panies and industries to sponsor big sports events. For example, **panies sponsored the 8th National Games held in Shanghai in 1997. Then, what exactly do companies and industries get out of sponsoring big sports events, such as international games7 And why do they do so?
There. is an obvious answer and a not so obvious one. The obvious answer is that they get known worldwide, particularly if they are the principal sponsor of an event. This is especially important when you consider the number of countries around the world that might show the event on TV. The not so obvious answer is that sponsorship can help firms to save money.
Then how can they save money in this way? Companies can claim expenditures on sponsorship or "support to sport and thwarts" against the amount of tax that they owe. So, if they are going to have to pay tax any way, why not spend the money on promoting their name or product?
However, sponsorship is surely a very expensive business. So, how does one decide which events or activities to support? Companies spend a lot of time making sure that they have a perfect match between the prod ucts to be represented and the activity that needs sponsorship. Basically, companies have to make sure that the image is right and that the product gets maximum coverage through the event. I mean, you wouldn't expect a company whose product has a young international image to sponsor a sport that has a following among
older people. There are all sorts of reasons be hind sponsorship. That's what the game's about for those who are trying to sell it.
There are some important points to consider before agreeing to sponsor an event. First and foremost, I suppose, is the popularity of the event—in global terms, I mean. Events like the World Cup and the Olympics have businesses queuing up to offer sponsorship. There are the big media events: hours and hours of TV and satellite coverage guaranteed all over the world, as well as press coverage and the possibility of photographs that in some way advertise your product. Most events aren't quite like that, though. I suppose you've got the national games every four years in China. But most events appeal to only a limited proportion of the potential audience—tennis, for example. Most of the audience there is young, so products for the young are the ones that you would associate with the event.
Then how do you match up the product with the event? The most important thing with the smaller event is to identify the audience
it's going to appeal to—in this instance, tennis and young people. That should attract drinks manufacturers, sports fashion designers, cosmetics producers, and so on. Then you look at the potential coverage in the media. It's the sort of event that might attract Coca-Cola or Pepsi—maybe even McDonalds.
In sponsoring sports events, it is not just the media coverage that matters. The important question is whether the people who've either been to the event or read about it in the press will be more likely to buy your product as a result. A lot of the advantages of investment in sponsorship are longer-term. People who have possibly read about or watched an event on TV may not even be able to tell you who was sponsoring the event, yet will react favorably if asked to comment on products marketed by the **pany. They have been conditioned in some way. Conditioning the mind is what advertising is about. Believe it or not, straight advertising is a far more expensive way of promoting your image than sponsorship, and what's more, sponsorship is mostly tax-free.
To sum up, today we have talked about sponsorship of sports events by companies: the reasons behind and a few related points. I hope this will help you gain some insight into the issue.
SSS_FILL
2.
该问题分值: 1
答案:save
SSS_FILL
3.
该问题分值: 1答案:expensive/costly
SSS_FILL 4.
该问题分值: 1答案:match
SSS_FILL 5.
该问题分值: 1答案:image
SSS_FILL 6.
该问题分值: 1答案:media
SSS_FILL 7.
该问题分值: 1答案:cosmetics/drinks
SSS_FILL 8.
该问题分值: 1答案:favorably
SSS_FILL 9.
该问题分值: 1
答案:conditioning
SSS_FILL
10.
该问题分值: 1
答案:expensive/costly
SECTION B
Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the inter view you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions .
Now listen to the interview.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
1.
What was education like in Professor Wang's days?
A Students worked very hard.
B Students felt they needed a second degree.
C Education was not career-oriented.
D There were many specialized subjects.
该问题分值: 1
答案:C
[听力原文]1-5
Nancy: Good evening. I'm Nancy Johnson: The guest on our radio talk this evening is Professor Wang Gongwu. Hello, Professor Wang. Wang: Hello.
Nancy: Professor Wang. You are now professor emeritus of Australian National University, and in your long academic career, you've worn many hats as tutor, lecturer, department head, dean, professor and vice chancellor. However, as I know, you are still very fond of your university days as a student.
Wang: That's right. That was in 1949. The university I went to was a brand new university then and the only one in the country at that time. When I look back, it was an amazingly small university, and we knew everybody.
Nancy: How did the students like you, for example, study then? Wang: We did not study very hard, because we did not have to. We didn't have all this **petition that you have today.
Nancy: Emm.
Wang: We were always made to feel that getting a first degree in the arts faculty was not preparation for a profession. It was a general education. We were not under any pressure to decide on our careers. And we had such a good time. We were left very much on our own. And we were encouraged to make things happen.
Nancy: What do you see is the most striking difference in the present day education since then?
Wang: University education has changed dramatically since those days. Things are very specialized today.
Nancy: Yes, definitely so. And in your subsequent career experience as an educator, and later administrator in various institutions of higher education in Asia and elsewhere, Professor Wang, you have repeatedly noted that one has to look at the development of education in one particular country in the broad cont ext. What do you mean by that?
Wang: Well, the whole world has moved away from elite education in universities to meet the needs of mass education. And entering universities is no longer a privilege for the few. And universities today are more concerned with providing jobs for their graduates in a way that universities in our time never had to be bothered
about. Therefore, the emphasis of university pro grams today is now on the practical and the utilitarian lather than on a general education or on personal development.
Nancy: Do you think that is a welcome development?
Wang: Well, I personally regret this development, but the basic bachelor's education now has to cater to people who really need a piece of paper to find a decent job.
Nancy: So you are concerned about this development.
Wang: Yes, I'm very concerned. With technical changes, many of the things that you learn are technical skills which don't require you to become very well educated. Yet if you can master those skills, you can get very good jobs. So the technical institutions are going
to be increasingly popular at these expensive traditional universities.
Nancy: Professor Wang, let's look at a different issue. How do **ment on the current phenomenon that more and more universities admit students because the fees they pay?
Wang: Well, once you accept students on financial grounds, one wonders whether you have to pass them as well. But this is the development in education that we have to contend with. Yet, if we are concerned about maintaining standards, what we can do is to concentrate on improving the quality of education.
Nancy: Yes, you are right. A university is judged by the quality of education it offers. Professor Wang, let's turn to the future. What
type of graduates, in your view, the universities of the future need to produce if they are to remain relevant?
Wang: I think their graduates must be able to shift from one profession to another, because they are trained in a very independent way. If you can do that, you raise the level of the flexibility of the mind. Today's rapid changes in technology demand this adaptability. And you see, the best universities in the world are
'already trying to guarantee that their students will not only be technically trained, but can be that kind of people that can adapt to any changing situation.
Nancy: I guess many people would agree with you on that point. University education should focus on both professional and person al intellectual development of students. But still, some might believe that there is a definite place for education in a broader sense, that is to say, in personal intellectual development.
Wang: No doubt about that. We need people who will think about the future, about the past, and also people who will think about society. If society does not have philosophers or people who think about the value of' life, it's a very sad society indeed.
Nancy: Professor Wang, my last question. Do you see **mon ground in education between your generation and the young generation now.'? Wang: Adapting to new challenges is perhaps the true cornstone of our generation's legacy to education. And the future of education in a country rests not so much in the construction of better buildings, labs etc., but in the development of an ever adapt able mind. Nancy: That's true. The essence of education is the education of the mind. OK. Thank you very much, Professor Wang, for talking to us on the show about the changing trends in education.
Wang: You are welcome.
SSS_SIMPLE_SIN
2.
According to Professor Wang, what is the purpose of the present-day education?
[A] To turn out an adequate number of elite for the society.
[B] To prepare students for their future career.
[C) To offer practical and utilitarian courses in each program.
[D] To set up as many technical institutions as possible.
A B C D
该问题分值: 1
答案:B
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
3.
In Professor Wang's opinion, technical skills______.
A require good education
B are secondary to education
C don't call for good education
D don't conflict with education
该问题分值: 1
答案:C
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
4.
What does Professor Wang suggest to cope with the situation caused by increasing numbers of fee-paying students?
A Shifting from one programme to another.
B Working out ways to reduce student number.
C Emphasizing better quality of education.
D Setting up stricter examination standards.
该问题分值: 1
答案:C
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
5.
Future education needs to produce graduates of all the following categories EXCEPT ______.
A those who can adapt to different professions
B those who have a high flexibility of mind
C those who are thinkers, historians and philosophers
D those who possess only highly specialized skills
该问题分值: 1
答案:D
SECTION C
Question 6 is bossed on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.
Now listen to the news.
Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the news.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
6.
On John Howard's agenda ,______would be his next stop.
A Doha
B Hong Kong
C London
D Washington
该问题分值: 1
答案:C
[听力原文]9-10
Australian Prime Minister John Howard argued forcefully for rich nations to tear down their trade harriers as the most effective way of trans forming the fortunes of the world's poor.
Speaking ahead of summit talks with US President George W. Bush here Tuesday, Howard also said that nations must not retreat in the "war on terror" in light of the July 7 attacks in London, which he is set to visit later in the week.
In a wide-ranging speech to the US Chamber of .Commerce, the prime minister said a free trade agreement between the United States and Australia that took effect on January 1 was solid proof of the nations' "special relationship".
But Howard also had a veiled message to trading powers such as the United States and European Union as liberalization negotiations at the World Trade Organization count down to a crunch ministerial gathering of the WTO in Hong Kong in December.
"It is beyond argument that the value to developing countries
of' re moving the most pernicious of the trade barriers maintained by developed countries would do infinitely more to help those countries, than would in creases in overseas aid," he said.
Howard said he sympathized with Live 8 organizer Bob Geldof and debt-relief supporters "that the world does have a moral obligation".
"But it has to be a moral obligation that is delivered calmly and with the proper understanding that vie can do a lot more by addressing trade imperfections, and we have every right to insist
that standards of governance are properly delivered," he said.
it was crucial that the WTO achieve a breakthrough in its "Doha round" of talks that will climax in December,
"Because if we don't, I think there'll be a significant collapse of confidence in the capacity of the world acting multilaterally to solve some of our most deep-seated problems," the Australian leader said.
As a leading light in the "Cairns group" of agricultural exporters, Australia has been in the vanguard of calls for trade liberalization, especially in farming produce.
That has contrasted with the apparent reluctance of the United States and the European Union to go dramatically farther in reducing their own generous subsidies to their farmers.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
7.
According John Howard, it would be more important ______ in order to help the poor countries.
A for the rich countries to increase their overseas aids
B for the rich countries to raise their moral standards
C for the rich countries to remove tile trade barriers
D for the rich countries to increase their mean subsidies to poor overseas farmers
该问题分值: 1
答案:C
Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 .seconds to answer the questions.
Now listen to the news.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
8.
Before Spain withdrew its troops from Iraq ,______Latin American countries had had troops stationed in the country.
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4
该问题分值: 1
答案:D
[听力原文]7-8
Salvadoran President Tony Saca said Tuesday he would be willing to send more humanitarian troops to Iraq despite the ongoing threat of terror attacks against U.S. allies there.
EI Salvador is the only Latin American country with troops in Iraq following the withdrawal of Honduran, Nicaraguan and Dominican soldiers who had served under the Ultra-Plus Brigade formerly led by Spain.
Spain withdrew troops after terrorist attacks on March 11, 2004, in Madrid. The attacks killed 191 people on **muter trains, prompting voters to elect a new prime minister who opposed the war in Iraq.
El Salvador has been sending humanitarian troops to Iraq since Au gust 2003. The fourth contingent is scheduled to return home next month.
"With or without troops" in Iraq, the terrorism danger "for the country and for the world is enormous," Saca said. "We cannot bow down in the face of terrorism, or be afraid."
Saca said if he does send a fifth contingent, it would be with the understanding that they would continue to serve in a humanitarian lash
ion, helping with postwar reconstruction.
Despite the peaceful nature of their work, Salvadorans have been drawn involuntarily **bat situations. One soldier died and 12 others were wounded during an attack by Iraqi insurgents in April 2004.
A second soldier died last month after a car hit him while he was changing a tire.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
9.
How many Salvadoran soldiers have died in Iraq so far?
A None.
B 1.
C 2.
D 3.
该问题分值: 1
答案:C
10.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A is the president of the Khartoum government
B is the vice president of the Khartoum government
C is the vice president of the southern states
D used to be No. 2 of the Sudan People's Liberation Army
该问题分值: 1
答案:B
[听力原文]
In his first decrees as Sudan's No. 2 leader, former rebel chief John Garang dissolved his guerrilla movement and dismissed all government officials in 10 southern states.
The moves implement measures called for under an interim constitution and peace agreement that ended a 21-year civil war between the Muslim north and mainly Christian and animist south.
The settlement made Gating first vice president—second only to President Omar el-Bashir—as well as president of southern Sudan, letting him set up an interim administration there until a referendum in six years on secession.
The decrees were announced by state-run Omdurman radio, which used to severely criticize the former rebel leader.
Garang led the Sudan People's Liberation Army in the war against the Khartoum government. The war in Africa's largest country
ended in January with the signing of **prehensive peace agreement, and he was sworn in as first vice president July 9.
Garang's decrees replaced the governors in the south who had been appointed by el-Bashir. The edicts also dissolved all the legislative councils in the region.
Garang set up a new administration, naming Salva Kiir Mayardit as vice presulent of the southern government. Kiir was Garang's second in the Sudan People's Liberation Army.
PART Ⅱ READING COMPREHENSION
In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your colored answer sheet.
TEXT A
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn
off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don't develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists' suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immuue response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drag that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In
order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to sac charin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
11.
Laudenslager's experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity ______.
A was strengthened
B was not affected
C was altered
D was weakened
该问题分值: 1
答案:B
文章第一段倒数第二句“Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity.”明确说明切断不了电流的老鼠(无助的老鼠)免疫功能被削弱，而能够切断电流的老鼠则不受影响，所以[B)是正确答案。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
12.
According to the passage, the experience of helplessness causes rats to______.
A try to control unpleasant stimuli
B turn off the electricity
C behave passively in controllable situations
D become abnormally suspicious
该问题分值: 1
答案:C
文章第二段第三句“But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over，they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control．”明确说明老鼠如果有过自己控制不了的情况，以后即使在自己能够控制的情况下，其反应也是消极被动的，所以[C]是正确答案。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
13.
The passage tells us that the most probable reason for the death of the mice in Ader's experiment was that ______.
A they had been weakened psychologically by the saccharin
B the sweetener was poisonous to them
C their immune systems had been altered by the mind
D they had taken too much sweetener during earlier conditioning
该问题分值: 1
答案:C
作者写第三段的目的是为了证明他在第三段第一句里的论点"the mind can alter the immune response'’，他用Ader的实验这一实例米论证此论点。

为了培养老鼠的条件反射，Ader给它们喂食糖精，同时注射能降低免疫力并可引起肚子疼的药物，但后来只给老鼠喂食糖精而不注射药物时，有些老鼠死亡，这允分证明老鼠的免疫系统已被其思想改变了，所以[C]是正确答案。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
14.
It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of ani mal
A can he weakened by conditioning
B can be suppressed by drug injections
C can be affected by frequent doses of saccharin
D can be altered by electric shocks
该问题分值: 1
答案:A
文章第三段中Ader的实验告诉我们：通过各种具体手段使动物形成某种条件反射就能削弱其免疫功能，所以 [A]正确。

TEXT B
The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject. Too close a relation, and the 'miter may lose objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul—the quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject, family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a king's servant might not be the best one to write a biography of' that king. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the king's biography—not for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate.
There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weaknesses: to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a
position accordingly.
When their subjects are heroes of famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive: they attempt to show that their subjects arc only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The biographies of Jesus found in the Bible are in this class.
Biographers may claim that their account is the" authentic" one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is" authorized" b the subject; this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. "Unauthorized" biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the" unauthorized “characterization usually suggests the prospect of
juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies, even several" authentic" ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell " the" story of a life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
15.
According to the author, an ideal biographer would be one who______.
A knows the subject very well and yet maintains a proper
distance from him
B is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writing
C is independent and treats tile subject with fairness and objectivity
D possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subject
该问题分值: 1
答案:A
文章第一段指出“Too close a relation，and the writer may lose objectivity．Not close enough，and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind，a soul-the quality of life．”，这说明与研究对象太密切或太远都有不足之处，由此可以推断出[A]是正确答案。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
16.
Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?
A Ail authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers.
B An authentic biography is one authorized by the subject.
C No one can write a perfect biography.
D Authorized biographies have a wider leadership.
该问题分值: 1
答案:C
第二段第一句"There is no ideal position for such a task．”说明作为传记作家既非常了解研究对象又能与之保持适当的距离是不可能的，所以[C]“没有人能够写出完美的传记作品”是正确答案。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
17.
An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more readers
because______.
A it portrays the subject both faithfully and vividly
B it contains interesting information about the subject's private life
C it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsiders
D it usually gives a sympathetic description of the subject's char aster
该问题分值: 1
答案:B
文章最后一段“In book promotions，the‘unauthorized’ characterization usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress．”说明“未经授权”的传记往往意味着描写了一些研究对象想掩饰的内幕消息，所以[B]与文意相符，是正确答案
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
18.
In this passage, the author focuses on ______.
A the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper perspective to do his job
B the secret of a biographer to win more readers
C the techniques required of a biographer to write a good biography
D the characteristics of different kinds of biographies
该问题分值: 1
答案:A
文章主要介绍传记作家所面临的选择合适位置的问题，对作家来说没有一个完美的距离使得他写出传记作品，所以[A]是文章的焦点。

TEXT C
Clothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reach by providing clues to who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer's。