Chapter 1 Intro to Computers, Programs, and Java

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Chapter 1_sth

(2) Java Applet There is a class must be a subclass of applet The development of dynamic pages for the WWW In the HTML document ,using <applet> Tags specified the class file name <body><h1>this is an example of java applet. <applet code=HelloWorldApplet.class width=600 height=300> </applet> </body>
Programming Languages
Three levels of programming languages: 1. Machine Languages Machine language instructions are binary coded and very low level. 2. Assembly Languages Assembly language allows symbolic programming. Requires an assembler to translate assembly programs into machine programs. 3. High-level Languages High-level language provides a very high conceptual model computing. Requires a compiler to translate high-level pograms into assembly programs.

1 Introduction to Computer Programming

A First Book of ANSI C, Fourth Edition
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History and Hardware
• Babbage’s analytical engine (1822) • Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC, 1937)
– Human operator manipulated external wiring
– A program or set of programs is called software
• Programming: writing instructions in a language that the computer can respond to and that other programmers can understand • Programming language: set of instructions that can be used to construct a program
A First Book of ANSI C, Fourth Edition 15
Assembly Language
• Assembly language: uses the substitution of wordlike symbols for the opcodes, and decimal numbers and labels for memory addresses
– Every section of memory can be accessed randomly as quickly as any other section – Volatile: data is lost when power is turned off

1Chapter 1_intro胡壮麟语言学教程第一章

Languages are intimately related to the societies and individuals who use them.
Writing is derivative of speech.
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2. What is Language?
Language “is not to be confused with human speech, of which it is only a definite part, though certainly an essential one. It is both a social product of the faculty of speech and a collection of necessary conventions that have been adopted by a social body to permit individuals to exercise that faculty”.
--R. H. Robins (1921-2000):
General Linguistics (1989)
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“Language is a form of human communication by means of a system of symbols principally transmitted by vocal sounds.”
It is social and conventional in that language is a social semiotic and communication can only take place effectively if all the users share a broad understanding of human interaction including such associated factors as nonverbal cues, motivation, and sociocultural roles.

计算机科学导论课件：Chap1-intro

• different from learning mathematics • use computer as much as possible • read extensively
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What will we learn in this course
• Terms and common knowledge
• Define the term computer and identify the components of a computer (Describe the von Neumann model).
• Describe hardware devices for input, processing, storage, output, and communication.
3
Objectives
• Differentiate between system software and application software.
• Describe the categories of computers and their uses.
• Explain the five parts of an information system.
Program (sorting)
Input 8,12,22,3
Ou3t,p8u,1t2,22
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Computer hardware
Algorithms
DS and DB
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part 2 WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
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Definition of computer
• A computer is an electronic device that receives data (input), processes data, stores data, and produces a result (output) .

人教版高中英语选修计算机英语课件 CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Computers 9. Chapter Summary课件

Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web
OBJECTIVES OVERVIEW
Distinguish between system software and application software Differentiate among types, sizes, and functions of computers in each category Describe the role of each element in an information system
Explain how home users, small office/home office users, mobile users, power users, and enterprise users each interact with computers
Discuss how society uses computers in education, finance, government, health care, science, publishing, travel, and manufacturing
EXAMPLES OF COMPUTER USAGE
Home User
• Personal financial management • Web access • Communications • Entertainment
Small Office/Home Office User
• Look up information • Send and receive e-mail messages • Make telephone calls

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Computers 6. Computer Software 课件-优课-人教高中选修计算机英语精

Source Languages
‘C’ language ‘Pascal’ language FORTRAN language C++ language ADA language
Target Languages
‘C’ language Machine language
SYSTEM SOFTWARE:
Linker: A linker or link editor is a program that takes one or more objects generated by compilers and assembles them into a single executable program. Linkers can take objects from a collection called a library. The objects are program modules containing machine code and information for the linker. The linker takes care of arranging the objects in a program's address space.
•
It is often developed in a public, collaborative manner.
Well-known OSS products are Linux, Netscape, Apache, etc.
PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE:
• Proprietary software (also called non-free software) is
•

Computer Systems 01

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Copyright 2005 Radian Publishing Co.
1.2 Computer Categories
(2/2)
Computers can also be classified according to size and power. • Microcomputers(微型電腦) – refer to handheld computers(掌上電腦), personal computers, workstation-class(工作站級別) computers and low-end network servers • Midrange computers (中階電腦) – refer to high-end network servers and multi-user systems • Mainframes (主機電腦) – refer to enterprise servers and supercomputers
17/33
Copyright 2005 Radian Publishing Co.
1.2 A. Handheld Computers
(1/2)
A Handheld computers • is also called a personal digital assistant (PDA) • commonly used as an electronic appointment book(日程表), address book, calculator and notepad • uses a touch screen, pen-based handwriting recognition, keypad or voice recognition technologies (話音識別技術) • can be connected to a personal computer to synchronise information(資料同步)

李华入学给朋友介绍计算机专业的英语作文

文章标题：Computer Science: A Dynamic and Rewarding Field Introduced by Li HuaAs I embark on this new journey in the field of computer science, I am filled with excitement and anticipation. It's an honor to share with you, my dear friends, the captivating world of computer science and the limitless opportunities it presents.Computer science is a discipline that combines the principles of mathematics, engineering, and logic to understand and manipulate information. It's a rapidly evolving field that is constantly shaping our world and revolutionizing the way we live, work, and communicate. From smartphones to cloud computing, from artificial intelligence to cybersecurity, computer science is at the forefront of innovation and progress.My introduction to computer science began with the realization of its profound impact on society. The technology we use every day, whether it's a simple app or a complex software system, is powered by the principles ofcomputer science. This understanding sparked my interest and curiosity, leading me to pursue further studies in this fascinating field.The curriculum in computer science is diverse and rigorous, covering topics such as programming languages, data structures, algorithms, computer architecture, operating systems, and networks. Through these courses, I have learned to think logically, solve problems creatively, and work collaboratively with peers. The skills I have acquired in computer science are not only applicable to the technical realm but also transferable to various fields, making me a more versatile and competitive individual.One of the most exciting aspects of computer science is the opportunity to innovate and create. As a computer science student, I have the chance to develop my own projects and explore new ideas. Whether it's building a website, developing a mobile app, or creating a game, the possibilities are endless. This freedom to express my creativity and bring my vision to life is incredibly rewarding.Moreover, the demand for computer science professionals is skyrocketing. With the digitization of virtually every industry, there is a growing need for skilled computer scientists to design, develop, and maintain complex systems. This means that graduates of computer science programs are highly sought after by employers and often enjoy excellent career prospects.In conclusion, computer science is a dynamic and rewarding field that offers boundless opportunities for growth and success. It's a field that requires critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and a passion for innovation. As I continue my journey in computer science, I am excited to explore the unknown, challenge myself, and contribute to the advancement of this exciting discipline.**文章标题**：计算机科学：李华介绍一个充满活力和回报的领域当我踏上计算机科学这一新领域的学习旅程时，内心充满了激动和期待。

chapter1 计算机1[1]

• Outline • Why/What you want to do
• Prior art /related work/ what’s new
• How to do • Results • Evaluation: contributions/advantages/limitations • Applications/recommendations • Conclusion/future work
• Why SAL? – Our behaviors are influenced by social factors such as culture, profession, religion…
• Purpose! – Natural, sociable, personalized avatars
– EMOTE (Expressive MOTion Engine)
• Other: USC, NYU, F2F, Sony…
9
chapter1 计算机1
• Advantages: – Currently the most satisfying animation toolkit that automatically extracts actual linguistic and contextual information from text to suggest appropriate hand and arm gestures, facial expressions, and intonation of voice – Allows animators to insert their preferred personalities, motion characteristics, or other particular features in the final animation

Introduction to Computer Networks

36
Application Layer

科技始終來自於人性，有應用與需求，傳輸資料才有用 - Layer 7 以下大都是為了 Layer 7 而設計

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) SMTP (Simple Mail Transport Protocol) FTP (File Transfer Protocol) VoIP (Voice over IP)

不是Node-to-Node Flow Control

壅塞控制 (Congestion Control)
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Peer-to-Peer 通訊
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OSI 7 Layer 與 TCP/IP Protocol Stack
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Session Layer

因上層應用的需求而建立的邏輯上的連結 (Logical Link)

傳輸模式

Unicast (單點傳輸) Multicast (群播) Broadcast (廣播)
unicast
multicast
broadcast
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交換網路(Switched Network)

電路交換 (circuitswitched)

電話系統、專屬電路

分封交換 (packetswitched)
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連接不同Layer 2 以下的網路
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Network Layer

主要功能為Packet 的繞送 (Routing) 與選擇路由 (Route)，封包的切割 (Fragmentation) 等。此層中最著名的例子是TCP/IP中的IP (Internet Protocol) 在網路層中，有一最重要的位址觀念：IP Address 此層是使用connectionless，所以僅以best effort方式傳送資料，不保證資料會送達，以方便上層(傳輸層TCP/UDP)來控制

1-3 Introduction to The History of Computers

1-3 Introduction to The History of Computers
One of the first computerlike devices
was developed in Germany in 1941. Called the Z3, it was general-purpose, stored-program machine with many electronic parts, but it had a mechanical
These characteristics are that the machine is electronic, that it has a stored program, and that it is general purpose.
这些特性是：电子设备，具有储存的程序, 具有通用性。
Key words: general-purpose adj. 通用的
It was called the Automatic Sequence Control Calculator Mark I, or simply the Harvard Mark I. Neither of these machines was a true computer, however, because they were not entirely electronic.
因此，虽然它是一个通用型电子装置，但是它没有储存程序。因此,它不具备计算机的所有特征。
1-3 Introduction to The History of Computers
First-generation
computers
were
characterized by the use of vacuum tubes as

Introduction to Computer Programming

Introduction to Computer ProgrammingComputer programming, also known as coding, is the process of creating instructions that a computer can follow to perform specific tasks. It is the foundation of creating software, websites, mobile applications, and other technologies that we use in our daily lives. In this article, we will provide an introduction to computer programming, covering its history, importance, and some basic concepts.Firstly, let's discuss the history of computer programming. The concept of programming dates back to the early 19th century when the English mathematician Ada Lovelace wrote the first algorithm for Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, a precursor to modern computers. Since then, programming languages have evolved significantly, with the development of languages such as Fortran, C, Java, and Python, among many others.Now, let's talk about the importance of computer programming. In today's digital age, programming skills are essential for a wide range of professions, including software development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, and cybersecurity. By learning how to code, individuals can automate tasks, solve complex problems, and create innovative solutions to improve efficiency and productivity.Next, let's cover some basic concepts of computer programming. One of the fundamental principles of programming is the notion of algorithms, which are step-by-step instructions for solving a problem. Programmers use programming languages to write these algorithms, which can be executed by computers to perform various tasks. Some common programming concepts include variables, data types, conditional statements, loops, functions, and object-oriented programming.Variables are used to store data that can be manipulated and used in a program. Data types specify the type of data that a variable can hold, such as integers, floating-point numbers, strings, and booleans. Conditional statements, such as if-else statements, allow programmers to make decisions based on certain conditions. Loops, such as for loops and while loops, enable repetition of a set of instructions. Functions are reusable blocks ofcode that perform specific tasks. Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that organizes code into objects, which encapsulate data and behavior.In addition to these basic concepts, programmers also need to understand debugging, testing, and documentation. Debugging is the process of identifying and fixing errors in a program. Testing involves running a program to verify that it works correctly. Documentation is the practice of writing comments and explanations in code to make it easier to understand and maintain.In conclusion, computer programming is a crucial skill in today's technology-driven world. By learning how to code, individuals can unlock a world of opportunities in various fields and industries. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced programmer, it is never too late to start learning and improving your coding skills. With dedication and practice, you can become a proficient programmer and create amazing software that will make a difference in the world.。

Unit1IntroduntiontoComputers

Unit1IntroduntiontoComputersUnit 1 Introduction to ComputersMade by Zhou YuehongI. Words and Phrases1. processv. 处理To perform operations on (data).e.g. CPU (Central Process Unit)n. process过程，步骤e.g. 0.13 micron manufactory process processor[Definition:] in a computer, a functional unit that interprets and executes instructions microprocessor合成词2. electronicn Of or relating to electrons.电子的n [cp.] electricn Of, relating to, or operated by electricity 也作 electrical ，缩写 elec.电流：电的，与电有关的或由电驱动工作的。

n E.g. electric current电流? an electrical appliance电器3. instruction[Def.] a machine code telling a computer to perform a particular operation告诉计算机如何执行特定程序的机器代码4. programn n. 程序：A procedure for solving a problem that involves collection of data, processing, and presentation of results. 解决涉及数据集、处理以及结果显示问题的过程n V. 编程：T o provide (a computer) with a set of instructions for solving a problem or processing data. 给（计算机）提供一套解决问题或数据计算的命令n Programmable: with a function that can be established orchanged by means of program 可编程的【可程式化】；智能的5. datan Plural of datum. datum的复数（复数名词）（与单数或复数动词连用）可视为一整体的许多事实的集合。

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附：教学基本内容
Chapter 1 Introduction to Java Programming Language Introduction to Programming
⏹ A Computer program is a series of steps specified for the solution to a problem,
which a computer can understand and execute.
⏹ A Software Application (or Application) is a collection of computer programs
which address a real life problem for its end users
⏹ A Software Project(or Project) is an undertaking to create a software
application by writing computer programs
⏹ A software project is a team effort
⏹Project Manager: Plans and manages the entire software project
⏹Module Leader: Manages and leads the team working on a particular
module within the software project
⏹Software Engineer: Writes code. A software engineer also tests the code
and delivers defect free code
Software Life Cycle
1.What(Requirements Gathering)
2.How(Analysis and Design)
3.Do It(Coding)
4.Test(Testing)
e(Implementation and Maintenance) Language of a Computer Programming Methodologies
⏹Classification based on behavior
⏹Sequential Approach
⏹Event Driven Approach
⏹Classification based on structure
⏹Structured Programming
⏹Object Oriented Programming
History and Features of Java
Importance of Following Coding standards
⏹The coding standards may differ from project to project
⏹This may also vary from customer to customer
⏹Every company prepares its own coding standards
⏹Adhering to coding standards has the following advantages:
⏹Improves the readability of the program
⏹Improves the clarity of the program
⏹Makes a person to understand the program without any difficulty
⏹Makes it easy to debug and maintain the program
Program Life Cycle
Running a java Program
⏹Set path parameters
⏹Set path=…
⏹Compile a java program
⏹Javac source_file_name
⏹Run a java program
⏹Java class_file_name Three Programming Errors
⏹Syntax Error(Compiling Error)
⏹Runtime Error
⏹Logic Error
Two types of java program
⏹Application
⏹Applet
Three Java Editions
⏹J2SE
Java Standard Edition
⏹J2EE
Java Enterprise Edition
⏹J2ME
Java Micro Edition
Example。