北京市东城区高考英语完形填空和阅读理解四月自练11

北京市东城区2015高考英语完形填空和阅读理解四月自练11阅读理
解
(2014·合肥模拟)
In the quest for better health, many people turn to doctors, self-help books or herbal supplements. But they overlook a powerful weapon that could help them fight illness and depression, speed recovery, slow aging and prolong life: their friends.
Researchers are only now starting to pay attention to the importance of friendship and social networks in overall health. A 10-year Australian study found that older people with a large circle of friends were 22 percent less likely to die during the study period than those with fewer friends. A large 2007 study showed an increase of nearly 60 percent in the risk for obesity among people whose friends gained weight. And last year, Harvard researchers reported that strong social ties could promote brain health as we age.
“In general, the role of friendship in our lives isn’t well appreciated, ”said Rebecca G. Adams, a professor of sociology at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. “There are a lot of things on families and marriage, but very little on friendship. It baffles me. Friendship has a bigger impact on our psychological well-being than family relationships. ”
Bella DePaulo, a visiting psychology professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara, whose work focuses on single people and friendships, notes that in many studies, friendship has an even greater effect on health than a spouse or a family member.
It isn’t entirely clear why friendship has such a big effect. It may be because people with s trong social ties also have better access to health services and care. Beyond that, however, friendship clearly has a profound psychological effect. People with strong friendships are less likely than others to get colds, perhaps because they have lo wer stress levels.
Last year, researchers studied 34 students at the University of Virginia, taking them to the base of a steep hill and fitting them with a weighted backpack. They were then asked to estimate the steepness of the hill. Some participants stood next to friends during the exercise, while others were alone.
The students who stood with friends gave lower estimates of the steepness of the hill. And the longer the friends had known each other, the less steep the hill appeared.
“People with stronger friendship networks feel like there is someone they can turn to, ”said Karen A. Roberto, director of the center for gerontology(老年医学)at Virginia Tech. “Friendship is an undervalued resource. The consistent message of these studies is that friends make your life better. ”
【文章大意】如何保持身心健康? 相信每个人对此都很感兴趣并能给出自己的答案。

本文作者向我们介绍了一个有利于身心健康的, 很重要又长期被人们忽视的因素——友谊。

1. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. People should make friends as many as possible.
B. Friendships do great good to human health.
C. People with friends have an optimistic attitude.
D. Several studies have been done on friendships.
【解析】选B。

主旨大意题。

文章通过几个研究结果说明友谊在促进人类身心健康方面作用巨大。

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. People haven’t attached importance to friendships.
B. A friend can replace doctors and self-help books.
C. People with many friends may have higher stress levels.
D. People who have friends tend to be fat.
【解析】选A。

细节理解题。

从文章第三段可知, 人们尚未认识到友谊对人们身心健康的重要性。

其他选项均与原文信息不符。

3. The author mentioned the study in the last three paragraphs to indicate that.
A. students should climb the steep hill with friends
B. it takes a long time to make friends
C. a friend in need is a friend indeed
D. people accompanied by friends remain optimistic in the face of difficulty
【解析】选D。

推理判断题。

倒数第二段中“The s tudents who stood with friends gave lower estimates of the steepness of the hill. ”表明与朋友在一起的学生估计出来的坡度更小, 这意味着他们面对困难能保持相对乐观的心态。

4. In Paragraph 2 the author aims to tell us.
A. friendship has a strong physical effect on people’s health
B. we cannot be too careful when making friends
C. older people are likely to have fewer friends
D. 60 percent of the people without friends will become fat when they get old
【解析】选A。

段落大意题。

根据本段开头(主题句)可知答案。

而且主题句后的三个研究结论都与“友谊影响身体健康”有关。

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

Forty-three years seems like a long time to remember the name of a mere acquaintance. I have forgotten the name of an old lady, who was a customer on the paper route in my home town when I was a twelve-year-old boy. Yet it stays in my memory, for she taught me a lesson of forgiveness that I shall never forget.
On a winter afternoon, a friend and I were throwing stones onto the leaning roof of the old lady's house from a spot near her backyard. The object of our play was to observe how the stones changed to missiles as they rolled to the roof's edge and shot out into the yard. I found myself a perfectly smooth rock and threw it out. The stone, however, slipped from my hand and headed straight for a small window on the old lady's back porch. At the sound of fractured glass, we knew we were in trouble. We ran as fast as possible.
I was too scared about getting caught to be concerned about the old lady with the broken window in winter. However, a few days later, when I was sure that I hadn't been discovered, I started to feel guilty for her misfortune. She still greeted me with a smile each day when I gave her the paper, but I was no longer able to act comfortably in her presence.
I made up my mind that I would save my paper delivery money, and after three weeks I had the seven dollars that I thought would cover the cost of her window. I put the money in an envelope with a note explaining that I was sorry for breaking her window and hoped that the seven dollars would cover the cost. I put the letter through the letter slot in her door. My soul felt redeemed and I could have the freedom of, once again, looking straight into the old lady's kind eyes. The next day, I
handed the old lady her paper and was able to return the warm smile that I was receiving from her. She gave me a bag of cookies. I thanked her and felt an envelope in it. When I opened the envelope, inside it were the seven dollars and a short note reading, "I'm proud of you."
4. The underlined word “redeemed” is closest in meaning to “______”.
A. excited
B. relieved
C. disappointed
D. delighted
5. What’s the best title for this passage?______________.
A. An old lady
B. My first job
C. My childhood
D.An unforgettable incident
【参考答案】
(A)本文作者从发生在自己身上的事情中深深地体会到诚实，知错能改的重要性。

1、C 事实细节题。

第一段“Forty-three years seems…”和“when I was a twelve-year-old boy”两处数字相加即可。

2、B 事实细节题。

根据第一段第二句内容可知。

3、A 推理判断题。

根据第二段：当时才12岁的作者和他的一个朋友玩扔石子，其目的只是为了看到石头从老太太的屋顶滚下来象导弹一样射到院子里，至于打破老太太的窗户当然不是故意的，所以选A。

4、B 词义猜测题。

跟据本句的“…and I could have the freedom of, once again, look ing straight into the old lady's kind eyes”可知作者此时应该是感到心中的一块石头落了地。

5、D 主旨大意题。

本文作者主要向我们讲述了小时候的一件小事对他的深远影响。

完形填空。

It was the last day of the final examination in a large eastern university. On the steps of one building, a group of engineering seniors gathered, discussing the exam due to begin in a few__1__. On their faces was confidence(自信). This was their last exam—then on to__2__and jobs.
Some talked of jobs they already had; others talked of jobs they__3__get. With the certainty of four years of college, they felt ready and able to take__4__of the world.
The approaching exam, they knew, would be a(n)__5__task. The professor had said they could bring__6__books or notes they wanted, requesting only that they did not__7__each other during the test.
__8__they entered the classroom. The professor passed out the papers. And smiles__9__on the students' faces as they noticed there were only five essay-type questions.
Three hours had passed__10__the professor began to collect the papers. The students no longer looked confident. On their faces was a frightened expression. Paper in hand, no one spoke as the professor faced the class.
He looked at the__11__faces before him, and then asked，“How many completed all five questions？”__12__a hand was raised.
“How many answered four？”still no hands.
“Three? Two？”The students moved restlessly in their seats.
“One, then? Certainly somebody finished__13__.” But the class remained silent.
The professor put dow n the papers. “That is exactly what I__14__，”he said. “I just want to impress upon you that, __15__you have completed four years of engineering, there are still many things about the__16__you don't know. These questions you could not answer are relatively__17__in everyday practice.” Then, smiling, he added，“You will all__18__this course, but remember—even though you are now college graduates, your education has just__19__.”
The years have__20__the name of this professor, but not the lesson he taught.
1．A.seconds B．minutes
C．hours D．days
答案：B这是期末考试的最后一天，学生聚集在楼梯上，这些信息可断定此处用minutes。

2．A.interview B．discussion
C．education D．graduation
答案：D学生通过了考试，面临的就是毕业及就业了。

3．A.would B．must
C．had to D．used to
答案：A此处表明的是他们中的一些人谈及他们已经得到的工作，还有些谈及他们将要得到的工作，故应用过去将来时。

4．A.hold B．control
C．charge D．place
答案：B这些大学生对四年的大学生活充满了自信，就认为已经准备好，能够在社会上有一定的控制力了。

5．A.interesting B．necessary
C．easy D．unusual
答案：C根据下文信息，教授曾说过他们可以带所需的书或笔记进考场，可以断定这场考试很容易。

6．A.no B．either
C．any D．all
答案：C学生们可以带他们所需的任何书或笔记进考场。

7．A.listen to B．look at
C．refer to D．talk to
答案：D教授只是要求他们在考试期间不可彼此交谈。

8．A.Nervously B．Joyfully
C．Quickly D．Curiously
答案：B根据上文中的相关信息我们可以断定学生进入考场是非常高兴的。

9．A.appeared B．changed
C．froze D．stopped
答案：A当试卷发下来以后，学生们见到只有五个论述题时更觉容易，因此脸上露出笑容。

10．A.then B．as
C．before D．after
答案：C此处before表示过了三个小时教授开始收卷。

11．A.pleased B．worried
C．surprised D．moved
答案：B上文介绍教授在收卷时，学生们不再那么自信了，由此可断定这些考题看似简单，但实际上很难，学生们是很难通过考试的，此处宜填入worried表示“担忧的；担心的”，这与上文中的“uncertainty”表达的意义也是一致的。

12．A.Not B．Once
C．Only D．Even
答案：A根据下文可知是没有人举手，选A。

13．A.all B．none
C．one D．it
答案：C教授问学生总能完成一道题是可能的吧。

14．A.wondered B．enjoyed
C．hated D．expected
答案：D出现上述情况正如教授所预料的。

15．A.right now B．as though
C．now that D．even though
答案：D引导让步状语从句，“即使”之意。

16．A.exam B．subject
C．question D．college
答案：B教授想告诉学生即使已经完成了四年学习，但仍有许多有关所学专业的东西学生们还不知道。

17．A.valuable B．difficult
C．common D．strange
答案：C教授解释这些考题虽然学生们解答不出来，但在实际生活中却是非常普通的。

18．A.pass B．fail
C．take D．start
答案：A教授安慰学生们都将通过这科考试。

19．A.begun B．completed
C．failed D．succeeded
答案：A教授要学生们铭记在心的是虽然学生们大学毕业了，但他们所受的教育在实际生活中的价值(即运用)却是刚刚开始。

20．A.forgot B．remembered
C．strengthened D．weakened
答案：D岁月流逝，教授的名字被渐渐淡忘了，本句话中的主语是the years，因此不可选forgot。