【精品】高中英语(人教大纲)第三册Unit5 Getting the message(备课资料)

Reference for Teaching
Ⅰ.异域风情
On Advertising
Advertising began in the signs that merchants once put over their doors to tell the public,with symbols or pictures,exactly what was for sale inside.Posters,pamphlets and handbills began appearing in England after the invention,in about 1450 of movable types in Germany.
The first newspapers appeared in England in the 17th century and in the New World at the beginning of the 18th.Advertising soon became part of these newspapers as it became part of the magazines that followed in the early 19th century.
Advertising agencies began to emerge in the United States in the 1840s.They were actually space brokers,selling space in newspapers and magazines.In fact,the generally accepted definition of advertising was “keeping your name before the public”.
Modern advertising began in the Chicago agency Lord & Thoms(now Foote,Cone & Belding)in 1904.It was there that Albert Lasker,known as “the father of modern advertising”,and a copywriter named John E.Kennedy coined the de finition “Salesmanship”in print.For the first time the idea of persuasion and the comparision to the role of a personal salesperson was brought to advertising.This led to further concepts such as the consumer benefit,putting forth not simply a feature of the product but the benefit it would bring to the prospect when used.This redefinition of advertising,along with the introduction of radio in the United States in the 1920s,gave the industry a wave that carried it through the Great Depression and the United States began broadcasting in major cities.This was the start of the big advertising development in which advertising expenditures increased tenfold between 1950 and 1980.
Ⅱ.知识归纳
1.advertising广告
advertising是广告的总称，指广告设计或广告行为，无复数形式。

advertisement指具体广告，可数或不可数。

ad是advertisement的缩写形式，用于口语，是可数名词。

广告公词an advertising firm
广告节目advertising programme
做广告produce/make/put an advertisement
The company is going to produce/make/put an advertisement for its latest product.
这家公司打算为他们的最新产品做广告。

advertise(vt. &vi.)意思是“为……做广告，登广告”。

A company may advertise its products by means of newspapers,magazines,radios and televisions.
公司可以通过报纸、杂志、电台、电视等为他的产品做广告。

advertise for意思是“登广告征求，找寻……”。

登广告找房子、工作advertise for a house/a job
登广告出售货物advertise goods for sales
2.商标中的英语（Some Brands from Abroad）
(1)乐百氏（饮料）—Robust(强健的)
（2）雪碧（饮料）—Sprite(调皮可爱的精灵)
(3)和路雪（雪糕）—Walls(墙)
（4）美登高（雪糕）—Meadow gold(牧场的金子)
（5）口宝（奶糖）—Cow boy(牛仔)
(6)安琪儿（自行车）—Angel(天使)
(7)英克莱（自行车）—Incline(倾向)
(8)西铁城（手表）—Citizen（公民）
（9）夏浦（电器）—Sharp(锋利的，敏锐的)
（10）快克（药物）—Quick(快速的)
（11）四通（打字机）—Stone(石头)
(12)昂立（保健药）—Only(惟一的)
（13）纳爱斯（香皂）—Nice(美好的)
（14）舒肤佳（香皂）—Safeguard(保护)
（15）雷达（电蚊香）—Raid(袭击)
（16）汰渍（洗衣粉）—Tide(潮流)
（17）乐凯（胶卷）—Lucky(幸运的)
（18）金利来（领带）—Goldlion(金狮子)
（19）司麦脱（衬衫）—Smart(时髦的)
（20）胃康（牙膏）—Welcome(受欢迎的)
3.广告用语
（1）keep you healthy all the time(包君健康)
（2）quality and quantity assured(保证质量)
（3）have a long history in production and marketing(产销历史悠久)
（4）fashionable and attractive packages(包装新颖美观)
（5）a wide selection of colors and designs(花色繁多)
（6）popular at home and abroad(驰名中外)
（7）reasonable price(价格合理)
（8）fine craftsmanship(技艺精湛)
（9）economy and durability(经济耐用)
（10）various styles(款式多样)
（11）complete range of articles(品种齐全)
（12）rank first among similar products（居同类产品之首）
（13）with a long standing reputation(久负盛名)
（14）catch up with and surpass advanced world level(赶超世界先进水平)
（15）a complete range of specifications(规格齐全)
（16）comfortable and easy to wear(穿着舒适轻便）
4.find+宾语+宾补
find之后常跟复合结构，这种现象可以归纳如下：
（1）find+宾语+名词/代词
They find Tom a good student.
他们发现汤姆是个好学生。

常用于这种结构的动词还有：call,name,make,elect,think,consider,leave等。

（2）find+宾语+形容词
I hope you’ll find the book interesting.
我希望你会发现这本书很有趣。

常用于这一结构的动词有：make,set,get,keep,see,like,leave,dye,cut,paint,drive,beat,prove,wish 等。

（3）find+宾语+现在分词
We found a number of men already working.
我们发现很多人已经开始劳动了。

常用于这一结构的动词有：see,watch,notice,observe,hear,listen to,look at,keep,have,feel等。

（4）find+宾语+过去分词
He finds the door closed.
他发现门关了。

常用于这一结构的动词还有：get,make,have,see,hear等。

另外，find+宾语+宾补结构，补语还可为副词、介词短语和带不定式to be的复合结构。

I was glad I found you in.
我发现你在家，我很高兴。

She found her uncle on the point of leaving the museum.
她发现她叔叔马上就要离开博物馆了。

He found the patient to be a small boy of nine years of age.
他发现患者是个九岁的小孩子。

以上结构，大多可和从句或别的结构互相转换。

They find Jack a clever boy.
They find Jack to be a clever boy.
They find that Jack is a clever boy.
但从句完成时态或从句的谓语含情态动词时则不宜转换。

Ⅲ.词语辨析
1.in charge of,in the charge of
(1)in charge of意思是“（主语）负责……”或“管理……”，其主语多是表示人的词语，表示主动意义。

She is in charge of publishing the book.
她负责出版该书。

The nurse is in charge of the patients.
这位护士负责照顾这些病人。

（2）in the charge of意思是“主语由……负责/管理”或“在……的掌管下”，其主语多是被管理的对象，表示被动意义。

相当于in one’s charge。

All the patients are in the charge of this nurse.
所有这些病人全是由这位护士负责照顾。

The department is in the charge of Mr Li.
这个部门由李先生负责。

2.blame,scold
(1)blame意思是“责怪，责备”，指某人应对自己的不好行为负责（常与for连用），或将某件不好的事情归咎于他人（常与on或upon连用），往往含有把自己作为评判人来批评某事，没有用言语来进行责骂的意思。

She blamed her assistant for the failure.
她责怪她的助手造成了失败。

Don’t blame it on him,but on me.
别怪他，怪我。

be to blame该受责备，应负责；put(lay)the blame on怪在……身上；take(bear)the blame承担责任
I am to blame.
是我不好。

He put the blame on me.
他怪在了我头上。

She took all the blame upon herself.
她承担了所有的责任。

(2)scold“责骂”指唠唠叨叨地数落某人，多用于上级对下级、长辈对晚辈的“责骂”。

Don’t scold the child.It’s not his fault.
不要责骂孩子，这事不是他的过失。

Mother scolded me for coming home late.
母亲责备我回家晚。

He scolded Tom’s mother in Tom’s presence.
他当着汤姆的面责备汤姆的妈妈。

scold作不及物动词，意思是“抱怨，嘀嘀咕咕”。

She is always scolding.
她总是喋喋不休。

3.on sale,for sale
(1)on sale意为“出售的，上市的”，指商品的出售。

Grapes from Sinkiang are on sale.
新疆葡萄上市了。

The new computer is now on sale.
新电脑在出售。

（2）for sale意为“待售的、出售的”（指物主出售自已的货物）。

Is that building for sale?
那幢楼出售吗？
All the paintings in the exhibition are for sale.
展览会上所有的绘画都出售。

4.point at,point to,point out
动词point作“指，指向”讲时，可用作及物动词或不及物动词，往往与介词at,to或者副词out 连用。

(1)point与at连用时，point为及物动词或不及物动词，point at意思为“指向”，point...at...意思为“把……指向……”，at表示方向。

The teacher is pointing at the map on the screen.
老师指着屏幕上的地图。

He pointed his gun at the tiger.
他把枪瞄向这头老虎。

（2）point与to连用时，point往往用作不及物动词。

意思为“指向”（有时可用point at替换）。

He pointed to/at where the village lay.
他指了指村子所在的方向。

Both the hour hand and the minute hand pointed to 12.
时针和分针都指向了十二。

（3）point out意思为“指出”。

The teacher pointed out his mistakes to him.
老师给他指出了他的一些错误。

Ⅳ.能力训练
1.用括号里的动词的恰当形式填空
（1）I heard her_________ (say)so.
I hear them_________ (talk)in the next room now.
I’ve never heard an English word_________ (speak)like that.
He is often heard_________ (sing)the song.
The song is often heard_________(sing)along the river.
答案：say,talking,spoken,to sing,sung
(2)What made you_________ (laugh)?
Can you make yourself_________understand)in English?
Mr Smith was made_________ (give)up.
答案：laugh,understood,to give
(3)Returning home,I found the book_________ (miss).
That afternoon I found her_________ (dress)in white.
When she returned home,she found the window open and something_________ (steal).
答案：missing,dressed,stolen
(4)They walked off and left me_________ (sit)there all by myself.
The captain covered the boy’s body with a national flag,leaving only his face_________ (expose).
答案：sitting,exposed
(5)Since you have so much housework_________ (do),why do you have your husband (watch) TV instead of helping you?
Mary had her shoes_________ (burn)yesterday.Now she is having them_________ (mend).
I won’t have you_________ (talk) to Mother like that and that sort of thing_________ (happen).
We’d be delighted to have you_________ (help)us.
答案：to do,watching,burned,mended,talking,happening,help
2.书面表达
广告在人们的日常生活中发挥着重要的作用，比如广告可以提高产品的质量，降低商品的价格等，请以The Important Role of Advertisements为题，谈谈广告的作用。

词数100左右。

参考答案：
The Important Role of Advertisements
Nowadays more and more advertisements appear on TV,over the radio,in the newspaper,on the Internet and almost everywhere.They have become a necessary part of our life.So advertisements have been playing an important role in our everyday life.
On one hand,from advertisements,we recognize the brand on certain products when shopping around.By seeing or hearing advertisements,we probably know some features of the products.And we can decide whether we need them.
On the other hand,advertisements can bring competition among companies,which can improve the quality of the products and reduce the prices of the products.
On the whole,we wouldn’t go without advertisements in our life.。