不定式由to-动词原形构成

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十、 固定句型:
1. had better/had best + (not) do sth.
2. Why (not) do sth.?
3. …prefer to do/prefer doing
4. …prefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing B
5. …prefer + to do A rather than do B
(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词.
--- Would you like to go with me ? --- I’d like to .
(2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.
--- Would you like to be a teacher? --- I’ping
C. Sleep
D. Having sleep
10. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job
6. …would rather (not) do sth.
7. …would rather do A than (do) B 8. …would rather + 句子（过去式）
（虚拟语气） 要做……
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不定式运用口诀
本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。
样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。
He is looking for a room to live in.
不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或 way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。
He had no money and no place to live.
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七、 something, anything, nothing,
不定式由to-动词原形构成
不定式
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是 “not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语 构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时 态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、 状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定 式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格” 构成。
4
想一想
He pretends to be ill to sleep in class. 一般式( to do ) 不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状
态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或
之后发生。
He pretends to be listening when asked.
进行式( to be doing)
状语
功
能
He asked his partner not to copy the
homework.
宾补
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Remember them!
重点!
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一、-ing形式与不定式的区别 不定式一般表示某个一次性的、具体的、 未做的动作；而-ing形式则表示习惯的 （泛指的）动作或一件已知的事或经验。
三个希望两答应
两个要求莫拒绝
做到学会作决定
pretend choose
不要假装在选择
fail dare offer help 没敢提出来帮助
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2)有些动词只接ing作宾语,常见的有： resist、 object to、delay、 look forward to 、 enjoy ； mind、 imagine、 practise、suggest、 appreciate.
He was made to do his work .
Be careful!
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五、介词except/ but 之后接不定式时，如 果介词前有实意动词do的各种形式则 except/ but 后接不带to 的不定式；反之， 如果except/ but前没有实意动词do，则不 定式带to 。
The teacher made me answer the question.
We20w21/2a/4 tched them play football .
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如果上述结构变为被动语态,不定式就 由原来的宾语补足语变为主语补足语, 此时动词(let, have无被动语态)后原来 不带to的不定式要加to。 如: He was seen to go upstairs.
(3).She pretended to have known it before.
(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)
(4).We’re happy to have been working with
you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的
2021动/2/4 作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)
2. Robert is said ___ abroad, but I didn’t know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to be studying C. to study D. to have been studying
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3. In Australia he made a lot of friends ______a very practical knowledge of English. A. get B. getting C. to get D. got
4. They are considering ____ before the prices go up. A. of buying the house B. with buying the house C. buying the house D. to buy the house
动 词
I want to see you this evening.
宾语
不 All you should do now is to
定 remember today’s lesson.
表语
式
的 I want a pen to write with.
定语
句
法 He lowered his head to sleep.
everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置
定语。
注意比较
1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？
（不定式to send的动作执行者是you）
2) Have you anything to be sent?
你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？
（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已
Cai has no choice but to do the homework.
Cai does nothing but sleep every day.
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六、 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词， 或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式 动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应 的介词。
Getting up early is a good habit.
To finish the work in a week is impossible.
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二、不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语， 把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It is impossible to finish the work in a week.
如果谓语表示的动作（情况） 发生时，不定式所表示的动 作正在进行。
He pretends to have understood the lesson.
完成式（to have done)
表示不定式动作发生 在谓语动作之前。
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To have an ice cream is cool.
主语
to have been ----------
doing
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动词不定式的时态
(1).They pretended not to see us.
(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时发生/在它之后.)
(2). He pretended to be sleeping.
(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)
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5.Paul doesn't have to be made____ . He
always works hard.
A. study
B. to study
C. studied
D. studying
6. The children talked so loudly at dinner table
that I had to struggle ______.
A. to be heard B. to have heard
C. hearing
D. being heard
2007卷－9 （0.47）
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7. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the
被省略的me或someone else）
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八、独立结构
To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.
•to be frank, •to be honest, •to tell the truth
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九、 不定式的省略
A. it what to do with
B. what to do with it
C. what to do it with
D. to do what with it
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9. ____ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off
the alarm.
old couple, but it remains ____ whether
they will enjoy it.
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. see
8. It is said in Australia there is more land than
the government knows ____.
注意
若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形 式上的一致。
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.
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三、不定式和ing形式作宾语的区别 1)有些动词要求只接不定式作宾语：
hope wish want agree promise
demand ask refuse manage learn decide
大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，
作主宾时用“it”, 自己在后把身藏。
七个感官三使役， 宾补要把to甩开；
疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；
逻辑主语不定式，不定式前for sb. ;
to前not是否定， 各种用法区别开。
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Use your head!
高考题回放
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1. My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate ____ from you sometime. A. to have heard B. to hear C. for hearing D. hearing
但在下列句型中常用-ing形式作主语。 no use/good
It is/was not any use/good +doing sth. of little use/good useless
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It is no use crying over spilt milk.
It is of little good staying up too late every day.
抗议推迟盼喜报， 心想练成荐欣赏
Bear them in your mind!
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四、不带to的不定式作宾补
一感: feel
二听 listen to
hear
let
watch
三
make 四看 see
使
notice
have
observe
I heard them sing a pop song .
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一.结构 : to do 二. (否定) not/never to do
二. 时态与语态 不定式 主动语态 被动语态
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式
完成式
完成进行式
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to be doing ----------
to
have
done
to have done
been