泛读单词讲解第18单元
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1.associate v/adj/n
v
1.联想,联系
associate sb/sth with sh/sth
2.交往,尤指与某人混在一起
associate with sb
3.表明支持,表示同意
associate oneself with sth
adj 非正式的,副的,联合的
n 同事,伙伴,合伙人association n
社团,联盟,协会
The Football Association 足球协会
联合,合伙,交往
联想,联系
因果关系
a proven association between passive
smoking and cancer
An association of 13 colonies formed the original United States.一个有着13个殖民地的联盟组成了最开始的美国。
2.rely v 依赖,依靠rely on/upon
sb/sth
reliable [ri'laiəbl] adj可信赖的,
可依靠的;真实可信的
Our information comes from a reliable source.我们的消息来源可
靠。
reliability [ri,laiə'biləti] n
The incident cast doubt on her motives and reliability.这件事使
人怀疑她有任何动机,以及她是否
可靠。
The reliability of these results has been questioned.
reliably adv
I am reliably informed (told by sb who knows the facts ) that the company is being sold.
reliance [ri'laiəns] n 依赖,依
靠,信任reliance on/upon sb/sth I wouldn’t place too much reliance on these figures.我不太
会相信这些数据的。
reliant [ri'laiənt] adj reliant on/upon sb/sth 依赖性的,依靠的The hostel is heavily reliant upon charity.
Lisa questioned the reliability of her rode map; it was five years old.丽莎质疑她的地图的可信度,
这幅地图已有五年之久。
3. oppose v 反对,阻挠;(在竞赛中)
与…角逐He intends to oppose the Prime Minister in the leadership election.在领导选举
中,他欲与首相一决高下。
opposed [ə'pəuzd] adj (一般不用
于名词前) (人)强烈反对的;(意
见、看法等)截然不同的
as opposed to (表示对比)而,相
对于200 attended, as opposed to 300 the previous year.出席的
有200人,而前一年是300人。
opposing [ə'pəuziŋ]adj (只用于
名词前) 1:(队组、军队、力量等)对立的,相竞争的,对抗的
a player from the opposing side 对方的运动员
2(态度、观点等)相反的,极不
相同的
opposite adj/adv/n/prep
adj: 对面的,另一边的,相反的adv: There is a newly married couple living opposite.
See opposite for further details. 详情见对页。
one’s opposite number(另一
个单位内)与自己职位相等的人
the opposite sex异性
n 对立的人或事物,对立面
I thought she would be small
but she is the complete opposite.
Exactly the opposite is true.事
实恰恰相反。
opposites attract 相异相吸
prep 1 与…相对,在…对面
2 与…合演
She starred opposite
Tom Hanks.
opposition 1 强烈的反对,反抗
opposition forces
反对势力
2 the opposition 对手
3 对立,对立的事物
in opposition to强烈反对
对比
Leisure is often defined in
opposition to work. 休闲常被定
义为工作的反面。
Most power companies,
however , hold an opposite
view. 然而,大部分的电力公司
持相反观点。
4 controversial [kɔntrə'və:ʃl] adj
引起争议的,有争议的
a highly controversial topic
颇具争议的话题
controversy ['kɔntrə,və:si] n 争
论,辩论,论战
controversy
over/about/surrounding sb/sth
to arouse/cause controversy
引起争议
controvert ['kɔntrə,və:t] v 驳斥,反驳
There is a great deal of controversy surrounding the use of solar power. 对太阳能的利用
存在很对争议。
4. dispose v
1 布置,安排
2 dispose sb to/towards sth
使易于,使有意于
A drug that disposes the
patients towards sleep
dispose of sb/sth
1 去掉,清除,销毁
2应付,解决,处理
3 击败,杀死
disposed adj
1 disposed to do sth
倾向于,有意于,乐意
I am not disposed to argue.
我无意争论。
2(用于副词后)disposed to/towards sb/sth
对…有好感或恶感
She seems favourably
disposed to the move.她
似乎对这一行动持赞同态
度。
disposition n
1. 性格,性情
2. 倾向,意向
to have/show a disposition towards violence 有暴力倾向
3 排列,布置,安排
4 (律)(财产、金钱的)处置、
让与
disposal n 去掉,清除,处理,(企业财产等的)变卖,让与
at sb’s disposal 任某人处理,由某人自行支配
Well, I am at your disposal.
好吧,我听候你的吩咐。
disposable [dis'pəuzəbl] adj 一次性的,可自由支配的disposables n 一次性物品
The disposal of hot water is a problem for nuclear plants. 热水的处理对于核工厂来说是一个问题。
6 pollutant [pə'lu:tnt] n 污染物respiratory [rə'spirətri] adj 呼吸的
Polluted air is particularly bad for people with respiratory problems. 被污染的空气对那些有呼吸问题的
人尤其有害。
7 attractively [ə'træktivli] adv 迷人
地,有吸引力地,动人地
The attractively decorated restaurant near the city’s historical area specialized in serving a delicious Sunday brunch(早午餐). 这个在老城区
附近的装饰得很好的餐馆专门在
星期天提供美味的早午餐。
8 conform [kən'fɔ:m] v
1 conform to sth 顺从(大多数人
或社会)There is considerable
pressure on teenagers to
conform.年轻人被大力要求守规矩。
2 遵守,遵从,服从(规则、法
律等)
3 conform to sth 相一致,相吻合conformation [kɔnfɔ:'meiʃən] n 构造,结构,形态
conformist [kən'fɔ:mist] n 顺从者,随波逐流者
conformity [kən'fɔ:məti] n conformity to/with sth (对社会规则的)遵从,遵守
in conformity with sth 遵守(规则);与…相一致(或符合)Conformity to laws of the church was required in many colonial
villages.很多殖民村庄被要求
遵守教堂的法律。
9 retiree [ri,taiə'ri:] n 退休人员retiring adj 不爱与人交往的Nevertheless, I don’t look forward to retirement. 然而我并不渴望退休10 evasion [i'veiʒən] n
1 躲避,逃避,回避tax evasion
逃税
2 借口,托词
evasive [i'veisiv] adj 回避提问
的,推诿的
evasive
answers/comments/replies 含
糊其辞的回答/意见/答复
take evasive action 采取回避
行动
evasively adv
evasiveness n
T ell me exactly what
happened. Don’t be evasive.
确切告诉我发生了什么,不要
含糊其辞。
11 The candidate made a moving
speech to his workers.这个候
选人给他的员工做了一次感人
的讲话。
12 Bus service is free in some cities.
有些城市的公交是免费的。
13 inferiority [in,fiəri'ɔrəti] n 低等,
劣等,劣势
a sense of inferiority 自卑感
inferiority complex 自卑情结
inferior [in'fiəriə]
inferior to sb/sth 较差的,次一等
的
He is so clever. He makes me
feel inferior. 他这么聪明,让我
感到自卑。
14 in good faith 真诚,诚心诚意
in bad faith 存心不良,背信弃
义地
break/keep faith with sb 不守信用/守信用
faithful adj 忠诚的,忠实的,忠贞的
faithfully adv
1准确地,如实地,仔细地
2忠诚地,忠实地
faithless adj 不忠诚的,不可信任
的
This dictionary has faithfully
reflected changes in a living language.这本字典如实地反映了
现存语言的变化。
15 A good debate can quicken
one’s mind. 一场好的辩论可
以加快一个人的思维速度。
16 crafty adj 诡计多端的
wind up with 以…结束
The crafty business partner
wound up with all the money.
这个狡猾的生意伙伴最后拿走
了所有的钱。
17 awe [ɔ:] v/n
v 使敬畏,使惊叹
n 敬畏,惊叹
be/stand in awe of sb/sth
对…敬畏
awesome ['ɔ:səm] adj 令人惊叹
的,令人惊惧的
an awesome sight 惊人的奇观
The eruption of a volcano is an awesome sight. 火山的爆发是一
个惊人的奇观。
18 a/the ripe old age of …的高
龄
He lived to the ripe old age of
91.
Their acquaintance soon ripen
into friendship.他们的关系很快
由熟人发展为朋友。
19 solitude ['sɔlitju:d] n 独居,独
处
She longed for peace and solitude.
solitary ['sɔlitəri]
adj 独自的,孤单的,唯一的,仅有的
n 隐士
He was often alone but never solitary.他经常一个人但他不孤独。
20 too good to be true好得令人
难以相信
one’s true colours 本性,本来面目
true to life (书、电影等)真实的,
逼真的,惟妙惟肖的
I don’t know how he truly felt. 我不知道他真实的感受。