初三英语空间探索与宇宙科学阅读理解25题

初三英语空间探索与宇宙科学阅读理解25题
1
<背景文章>
The solar system is a fascinating place. It consists of the sun, eight planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and other celestial bodies. The sun is at the center of the solar system and is a massive ball of hot gas. It provides light and heat to all the planets.
The eight planets in the solar system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Each planet has its own unique characteristics. Mercury is the closest planet to the sun and is very hot during the day and very cold at night. Venus is known as the Earth's sister planet because it is similar in size and composition. However, it has a thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide, which makes it very hot.
Earth is the only planet known to have life. It has a moderate climate and a large amount of water. Mars is often called the Red Planet because of its reddish color. It has a thin atmosphere and evidence of past water.
Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. It has a massive storm called the Great Red Spot. Saturn is known for its beautiful rings. Uranus and Neptune are both ice giants with unique atmospheres.
The planets in the solar system are at different distances from the sun. This affects their temperatures and climates. The closer a planet is to the
sun, the hotter it is. The farther away a planet is, the colder it is.
1. The sun is at the center of the solar system and is a massive ball of ___.
A. water
B. gas
C. rock
D. ice
答案：B。

中文解析：文章中明确提到“The sun is at the center of the solar system and is a massive ball of hot gas.”，太阳是一个巨大的热气体球。

2. Venus is known as the Earth's sister planet because it is similar in ___.
A. size and composition
B. color and size
C. atmosphere and color
D. composition and atmosphere
答案：A。

中文解析：文中提到“Venus is known as the Earth's sister planet because it is similar in size and composition.”，金星被称为地球的姊妹行星是因为它在大小和组成上与地球相似。

3. Mars is often called the ___ Planet because of its reddish color.
A. Blue
B. Green
C. Red
D. Yellow
答案：C。

中文解析：“Mars is often called the Red Planet because of its reddish color.”，火星因其微红的颜色而常被称为红色星球。

4. Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system and has a massive storm called the ___.
A. Great Blue Spot
B. Great Green Spot
C. Great Yellow Spot
D. Great Red Spot
答案：D。

中文解析：“Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. It has a massive storm called the Great Red Spot.”，木星是太阳系中最大的行星，它有一个巨大的风暴叫做大红斑。

5. The planets in the solar system are at different distances from the sun. This affects their ___.
A. colors
B. sizes
C. temperatures and climates
D. compositions
答案：C。

中文解析：文章中提到“The planets in the solar system are at different distances from the sun. This affects their temperatures and climates.”，太阳系中的行星与太阳的距离不同，这影响了它们的温度
和气候。

2
<背景文章>
Exploration of the Moon has been a fascinating journey for humanity. The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It has a surface that is covered with craters, mountains, and plains. Scientists have been studying the Moon for decades to understand its origin, composition, and potential for future exploration.
The first human to set foot on the Moon was Neil Armstrong in 1969. His famous words, "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind," marked a significant milestone in space exploration. Since then, several other missions have been launched to study the Moon in more detail.
The Moon's surface is very different from Earth's. It has no atmosphere, which means there is no weather or wind to erode the surface. The craters on the Moon were formed by impacts from asteroids and comets over billions of years. Some of these craters are huge, with diameters of several kilometers.
In the future, there are plans for more extensive exploration of the Moon. Scientists hope to establish a permanent base on the Moon to conduct research and develop new technologies. This could lead to further understanding of our solar system and even pave the way for human exploration of other planets.
6. What is the Moon?
A. A planet.
B. A star.
C. Earth's only natural satellite.
D. An asteroid.
答案：C。

解析：文章中明确提到“The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.”。

7. Who was the first human to set foot on the Moon?
A. Buzz Aldrin.
B. Yuri Gagarin.
C. Neil Armstrong.
D. Michael Collins.
答案：C。

解析：“The first human to set foot on the Moon was Neil Armstrong in 1969.”。

8. Why are there so many craters on the Moon?
A. Because of volcanic eruptions.
B. Because of human activities.
C. Because of impacts from asteroids and comets.
D. Because of earthquakes.
答案：C。

解析：文中提到“The craters on the Moon were formed by impacts from asteroids and comets over billions of years.”。

9. What does the future hold for the exploration of the Moon?
A. No more exploration.
B. Only robotic missions.
C. Establish a permanent base on the Moon.
D. Ignore the Moon and focus on other planets.
答案：C。

解析：“In the future, there are plans for more extensive exploration of the Moon. Scientists hope to establish a permanent base on the Moon to conduct research and develop new technologies.”。

10. What is the main difference between the Moon's surface and Earth's?
A. The Moon's surface is flat.
B. The Moon's surface has an atmosphere.
C. The Moon's surface has no atmosphere.
D. The Moon's surface is all water.
答案：C。

解析：“The Moon's surface is very different from Earth's. It has no atmosphere.”。

3
<背景文章>
Black holes are one of the most mysterious and fascinating phenomena in the universe. A black hole is a region of space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. Black holes are formed when a massive star collapses at the end of its life.
The formation of a black hole begins with a massive star. As the star
runs out of fuel, it can no longer support its own weight. The core of the star collapses under the force of gravity, forming a singularity, a point of infinite density. The intense gravity of the singularity causes the surrounding space to warp and bend, creating a black hole.
Black holes have a profound impact on the universe. They can affect the orbits of nearby stars and planets. They can also merge with other black holes, releasing enormous amounts of energy in the form of gravitational waves. Additionally, black holes play a crucial role in the evolution of galaxies.
Despite their mysterious nature, scientists have been able to study black holes using a variety of methods. One way is by observing the effects of a black hole on its surroundings. For example, astronomers can observe the orbits of stars near a black hole to determine its mass and location. Another way is by detecting gravitational waves emitted by merging black holes.
Black holes continue to fascinate and intrigue scientists and the public alike. As our understanding of the universe continues to grow, so too does our knowledge of these enigmatic objects.
11. What is a black hole?
A. A region of space with weak gravity.
B. A region of space where light can escape.
C. A region of space where gravity is so strong that nothing can escape.
D. A star with strong gravity.
答案：C。

中文解析：文章中明确提到“A black hole is a region of space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape.”，所以答案是C。

12. How are black holes formed?
A. By a small star collapsing.
B. When a massive star runs out of fuel and collapses.
C. By two stars merging.
D. When a planet collapses.
答案：B。

中文解析：文章中提到“Black holes are formed when a massive star collapses at the end of its life. As the star runs out of fuel, it can no longer support its own weight. The core of the star collapses under the force of gravity, forming a singularity, a point of infinite density.”，所以答案是B。

13. What can black holes affect?
A. Only distant stars.
B. Only planets.
C. The orbits of nearby stars and planets.
D. Nothing in the universe.
答案：C。

中文解析：文章中提到“They can affect the orbits of nearby stars and planets.”，所以答案是C。

14. How can scientists study black holes?
A. Only by observing the effects on their surroundings.
B. Only by detecting gravitational waves.
C. By observing the effects on their surroundings and detecting gravitational waves.
D. By using telescopes.
答案：C。

中文解析：文章中提到“One way is by observing the effects of a black hole on its surroundings. Another way is by detecting gravitational waves emitted by merging black holes.”，所以答案是C。

15. What role do black holes play in the evolution of galaxies?
A. No role.
B. A minor role.
C. A crucial role.
D. An unknown role.
答案：C。

中文解析：文章中提到“Black holes play a crucial role in the evolution of galaxies.”，所以答案是C。

4
<背景文章>
The Big Bang Theory is one of the most widely accepted scientific explanations for the origin of the universe. According to this theory, the universe began as an extremely hot and dense singularity. Then, a tremendous explosion occurred, known as the Big Bang, which sent matter and energy expanding in all directions.
In the early moments after the Big Bang, the universe was filled with a hot plasma of subatomic particles. As the universe expanded and cooled, these particles began to combine to form atoms. The first atoms to form were mainly hydrogen and helium.
Over time, gravity caused clouds of gas to collapse and form stars. Inside stars, nuclear fusion reactions converted hydrogen into helium and other heavier elements. When stars die, they can release these elements into space, enriching the interstellar medium.
Today, scientists continue to study the universe to better understand its evolution. They use telescopes of various types to observe distant galaxies and study the cosmic microwave background radiation, which is a remnant of the Big Bang.
Recent discoveries have provided new insights into the nature of dark matter and dark energy, two mysterious components that make up a large portion of the universe. However, much remains unknown about these phenomena, and further research is needed to unravel their mysteries.
16. What was the universe like in the early moments after the Big Bang?
A. Cold and empty.
B. Hot and dense.
C. Full of stars.
D. Filled with dark matter.
答案：B。

解析：文章中提到“In the early moments after the Big Bang, the universe was filled with a hot plasma of subatomic particles.”，所以早期宇宙是炎热且致密的。

17. What are the first atoms to form mainly composed of?
A. Oxygen and nitrogen.
B. Hydrogen and helium.
C. Carbon and oxygen.
D. Iron and copper.
答案：B。

解析：文中“As the universe expanded and cooled, these particles began to combine to form atoms. The first atoms to form were mainly hydrogen and helium.”明确指出最初形成的原子主要是氢和氦。

18. How do stars contribute to the evolution of the universe?
A. By absorbing matter.
B. By releasing elements into space.
C. By preventing the expansion of the universe.
D. By creating dark matter.
答案：B。

解析：“When stars die, they can release these elements into space, enriching the interstellar medium.”说明恒星通过向太空释放元素促进宇宙的演化。

19. What is the cosmic microwave background radiation?
A. A type of star.
B. A remnant of the Big Bang.
C. Dark matter.
D. Dark energy.
答案：B。

解析：文章提到“They use telescopes of various types to observe distant galaxies and study the cosmic microwave background radiation, which is a remnant of the Big Bang.”。

20. What is one of the mysteries that scientists are still trying to unravel?
A. The formation of hydrogen atoms.
B. The origin of stars.
C. The nature of dark matter and dark energy.
D. The expansion of the universe.
答案：C。

解析：“Recent discoveries have provided new insights into the nature of dark matter and dark energy, two mysterious components that make up a large portion of the universe. However, much remains unknown about these phenomena, and further research is needed to unravel their mysteries.”表明暗物质和暗能量的本质仍是科学家试图解开的谜团之一。

5
<背景文章>
Life in space is truly an extraordinary experience for astronauts. They live and work in a unique environment that presents many challenges. Astronauts have to adapt to microgravity, which means everything behaves
differently than on Earth. For example, water floats in the air as tiny droplets.
Astronauts perform a variety of tasks while in space. They conduct scientific experiments to learn more about the universe and our planet. They also maintain and repair equipment on the spacecraft. Their workdays are long and demanding.
However, living in space is not all work. Astronauts also have some leisure time. They can look out at the beautiful view of Earth and the stars. They might listen to music or read books to relax.
But space living also comes with risks. Exposure to radiation is a constant concern. There is also the possibility of equipment failure. And being away from family and friends for long periods of time can be emotionally challenging.
21. What does microgravity mean?
A. Gravity is stronger than on Earth.
B. There is no gravity at all.
C. Everything behaves the same as on Earth.
D. Everything behaves differently than on Earth.
答案：D。

解析：文章中提到“They live and work in a unique environment that presents many challenges. Astronauts have to adapt to microgravity, which means everything behaves differently than on Earth.”，可知微重力意味着一切的表现都与在地球上不同。

22. What do astronauts do in their leisure time?
A. Only work on scientific experiments.
B. Sleep all the time.
C. Look out at the beautiful view of Earth and the stars, listen to music or read books.
D. Do nothing.
答案：C。

解析：文章中提到“Astronauts also have some leisure time. They can look out at the beautiful view of Earth and the stars. They might listen to music or read books to relax.”，可知宇航员在闲暇时间可以看地球和星星的美丽景色、听音乐或读书。

23. What is a constant concern for astronauts in space?
A. Good food.
B. Exposure to radiation.
C. Meeting friends.
D. Playing games.
答案：B。

解析：文章中提到“But space living also comes with risks. Exposure to radiation is a constant concern.”，可知在太空生活中，暴露在辐射下是一个持续的担忧。

24. What might be emotionally challenging for astronauts?
A. Doing easy tasks.
B. Being away from family and friends for long periods of time.
C. Having too much free time.
D. Eating delicious food.
答案：B。

解析：文章中提到“And being away from family and friends for long periods of time can be emotionally challenging.”，可知长时间远离家人和朋友对宇航员来说在情感上是具有挑战性的。

25. What kind of environment do astronauts live and work in?
A. The same as on Earth.
B. A very noisy environment.
C. A unique environment that presents many challenges.
D. A boring environment.
答案：C。

解析：文章开头提到“Life in space is truly an extraordinary experience for astronauts. They live and work in a unique environment that presents many challenges.”，可知宇航员生活和工作在一个独特且充满挑战的环境中。