高中英语教材内容全解新人教版必修2

内容全解
话题素材——文化遗产
好词
1.cultural adj. 文化的
2.civilized adj. 文明的
3.ancient adj. 古代的
4.wisdom n. 智慧
5.valuable adj. 有价值的；贵重的
6.attract_one's_attention 吸引某人的注意力
7.be situated in 坐落于；位于
8.in_a_fancy_style 用奇特的风格
9.be_made_of... 由……制成
10.be worthy of being done 值得做……
11.have_a_history_of... 有……的历史
12.in_return_for 作为对……的回报
13.date_back_to/date_from 追溯到……
14.great wonders of the world 世界上的伟大奇迹
15.It is universally acknowledged that... 众所周知……
佳句
1.Cultural heritage is of_great_value and protecting it can make us feel_proud_of our nation.
文化遗产价值连城，保护文化遗产会使我们为自己的民族感到自豪。

2.Located_in_the_south_of_China,_Guangzhou is considered as one of the most modern cities in our country. 广州位于中国南方，被认为是我国最具现代化的城市之一。

3.The_more the public know about the importance of culture protection, the_stronger support we can get from them.
公众对文化保护的重要性知道的越多，我们得到的支持就会越强大。

[精美语篇]
Dear sir，
I am writing to you today to share my thoughts about the Old Summer Palace. After showing my friend
Jack around the park, I am deeply impressed by the historical site, which is definitely the greatest symbol of our ancient civilization. In terms of preserving history and learning more about ancient culture, such kind of historical sites is of great value.
Unfortunately, throughout history, it has been damaged due to a variety of reasons, such as natural forces, wars, theft and so on. Worse still, tourists nowadays are doing damage to the Old Summer Palace either unintentionally or deliberately while they are walking around the site.
As a student, I strongly feel that it is urgent for our government to take measures to protect it. First of all, a special committee should be established to ensure all the work to be carried out smoothly. In addition, some sculptures and statues should be moved indoors to avoid being damaged by natural things. Only by doing these will we be able to enjoy these historical sites for generations to come.
Looking forward to your actions.
Yours sincerely，
×××
对应学生用书P035
高频单词
1．rare (adj.) 稀罕的；稀有的；珍贵的→rarely (adv.) 罕有；很少；不常
2．amaze (vt.) 使吃惊；惊讶→amazing (adj.) 令人吃惊的→amazed (adj.) 吃惊的→amazement (n.) 惊
奇
3．select (vt.) 挑选；选择→selection (n.) 选择；选拔
4．design (n.) 设计；图案；构思 (vt.) 设计；计划；构思→designer (n.)设计者；构思者
5．survive (v.) 幸免(于)；幸存；比……活得长；生还→survival (n.) 生存；幸存→survivor (n.) 幸
存者
6．fancy (adj.) 奇特的；异样的 (vt.) 想象；设想；爱好
7．decorate (v.) 装饰；装修→decoration (n.) 装饰品；装饰
8．reception (n.)接待；招待会；接收→receive (vt.)接受；接待；招待→receiver (n.)(电话)听筒/受话器
9．remove (vt.) 移动；搬开→removal(n.)移动；搬进
10．wooden (adj.) 木制的→wood (n.) 木头
11．doubt (n.) 怀疑；疑惑 (vt.) 怀疑；不信→doubtful (adj.)怀疑的
12．former (adj.) 以前的；从前的→(反义词)latter (adj.) 后者的；后面的
13．worth (adj.) 值得的；相当于……的价值 (n.) 价值；作用
14．local (adj.) 本地的；当地的
15．evidence (n.) 根据；证据→evident (adj.) 明显的；清楚的
16．explode (vi.) 爆炸→explosion (n.) 爆炸
17．sailor (n.) 水手；海员；船员→sail (v.) (船)航行；(人)乘船航行 (n.) 航行；航海
18．sink (vi.) 下沉；沉下→sank/sunk (过去式)sunk/sunken (过去分词)
19．valuable (adj.) 贵重的；有价值的→value (n. & vt.) 价值；重视→invaluable (adj.) 极有用的；极宝贵的
20．informal (adj.) 非正式的→formal (反义词) 正式的
21．debate (n.) 争论；辩论 (vi.) 争论；辩论
重点短语
1．belong_to 属于
2．in_return 作为报答；回报
3．at_war 处于交战状态
4．take_apart 拆开
5．rather_than 而不是
6．in_search_of 寻找
7．serve_as 充当；起作用
8．less_than 少于
9．think/speak_highly_of 看重；器重
10．develop_an_interest_in... 培养对……的兴趣
热点句型
1．could not/never have done“(过去)不可能做……”
Freder ick William Ⅰ， the King of Prussia, could_never_have_imagined (绝不可能想到) that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.(教材P1) 2．This is/was a time when...“这是一个……的时期/时候”
This_was_a_time_when (这是一个……的时期) the two countries were at war.(教材P2)
3．There is no doubt that...“毫无疑问……”
There_is_no_doubt_that (毫无疑问)the boxes were then put on a train for Königsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.(教材P2)
4．what引导名词性从句
After that, what_happened (所发生的一切)to the Amber Room remains a mystery.(教材P2)
5．疑问词＋不定式
In a trial, a judge must decide which_eyewitnesses_to_believe and_which_not_to_believe (哪些证人可信，哪些不可信). (教材P5)
6．nor位于句首引起的部分倒装句型
Nor_do_I_think (我也不认为)they should give it to any government.(教材P7)
巩固训练
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

1．It was also a treasure ________ (decorate) with gold and jewels, ________ took the country's best artists about ten years to make.
答案：decorated; which
2．Although the Amber Room ________ (consider) one of the ________ (wonder) of the world, it is now missing.
答案：was considered; wonders
3．________ April 1945, I heard something explode ________ midnight.
答案：In; at
4．About four metres long, the room served ________ a small reception hall for important visitors.
答案：as
5．________ (late), Catheri ne Ⅱ had the Amber Room ________ (move) to a palace outside St Petersburg ________ she spent her summers.
答案：Later; moved; where
6．He/She only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, ________ must be facts rather than opinions.
答案：which
7．An opinion is ________ someone believes is true but has not been proved.
答案：what
8．________ my surprise the entrance ________ the mine was closed.
答案：To; to
9．It can be proved ________ China has more people ________ any other country in the world.
答案：that; than
10. So I think that those ________ find the Amber Room should decide ________to do with it.
答案：who; what
1 survive vt.比……活得长；幸免于；从(困境等中)挺过来vi.幸免；幸存；生还
Is it enough to have survived for a long time？(P1)
只是存在的时间长就足够了吗？
归纳拓展
(1)A survives B (by...)A比B多活……
survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺过来/活过来
survive on 依靠……生存下来
survive from 从……存活下来；流传下来
(2)survivor n．幸存者
survival n．[U]幸存；[C]残存物
名师点睛
survive当表示“幸存；幸免于”时，不需要加in或from。

语境助记
①There are concerns that the refugees may not survive_the_winter.
有人担心这些难民活不过冬天。

②He died in 1940, but his wife survived_him_by another 20 years.
他在1940年去世，但他的妻子比他多活了20年。

③I don't know how you all manage to survive_on your small salary.
我不知道你们只靠微薄的薪金是怎样过活的。

④[牛津高阶]His only chance of survival was a heart transport.
他唯一活下去的可能性是心脏移植。

⑤The plane crashed in an area of dense jungle. There were no survivors. 飞机坠落在一个丛林茂密的地区，无人生还。

2 design n．& vt.设计；图案；构思；计划
The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.(P1) 琥珀屋的设计采用了当时很流行的奇特建筑式样。

归纳拓展
(1)design sb./sth. to_do sth.打算让……从事……
design sth. for sb./sth.为……设计……
be designed for sth./sb.为……而设计
be designed to_do sth.目的在于；为了
be designed as打算做……用
(2)by design＝on purpose有意地；故意地
(3)designer n．设计者；构思者
语境助记
①This fund is_designed_to_help worthy students.
这笔资金旨在帮助优秀的学生。

②[牛津高阶]The method is specifically designed_for use in small groups. 这方法是专为小组活动设计的。

③She arrived just as we were leaving, but whether this was by accident or by_design I'm not sure.
她刚好在我们正要离开时到达，但我不能肯定这是出于偶然还是有意安排。

④He wants to become a fashion designer when he grows up.
长大后他想成为一个时装设计师。

[联想] 表示“故意与偶然”的词语小结。

(1)故意地
①by design②on purpose③deliberately
(2)偶然地
①by chance②by accident③accidentally
3 fancy adj.奇特的；异样的vt.想象；设想；爱好n．空想；幻想；爱好
The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.(P1)
琥珀屋的设计采用了当时很流行的奇特建筑式样。

归纳拓展
fancy...to be/as... 认为……是……
fancy (sb.) doing sth. 想象(某人)做某事
have a fancy for sth. 喜欢某事物
catch/take sb.'s fancy 合某人的心意；吸引某人
take a fancy to sb./sth. 喜欢上/爱上某人/物
语境助记
①[牛津高阶]Do you fancy going_out this evening?
今晚你想不想外出？
②Can you fancy a 8­year­old boy swimming_across the river?
你能想象一个8岁的男孩游过这条河吗？
③She looked through the hotel advertisements until one of them caught_her_fancy.
她仔细查看旅馆广告，直到有一家符合她的心意。

④I think Sam really took_a_fancy_to you.
我想萨姆真地爱上了你。

⑤[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy_new_hotels.
成都有许多新的百万富翁，亚洲最大的建筑和漂亮的新宾馆。

4 remove vt.移动；搬开
...the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room.(P2) ……俄罗斯人只能把琥珀屋里的一些家具和小件艺术品搬走。

归纳拓展
remove sth. from sp. 把某物从某地搬走(移开)
remove sb. from sth. 把某人从……职位免职
remove from... to...从……搬到……
remove sb. from school开除某人；勒令某人退学
remove one's doubt/trouble消除某人的疑虑/烦恼
语境助记
①[牛津高阶]Three children were removed_from the school for persistent bad behaviour.
三个孩子因一再行为不检被学校开除。

②She removed_her_glasses and rubbed her eyes.
她摘下眼镜，揉了揉眼睛。

③The news removed_any/all_doubts about the company's future.
这个消息消除了一切有关公司前景的疑虑。

④写出下列句子中remove的含义
a．If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not notice.拿走
b．He removed his jacket when he arrived home.脱掉
c．He was severely criticized and removed from his post. 撤职
d．The agreement removes the last serious obstacle to the signing of the treaty.消除
e．Congress could remove the President from office.把……免职；撤去
图解助记
5 worth adj.值得的；相当于……的价值n．价值；作用
Is it worth rebuilding lost cultural relics such as the Amber Room or Yuanmingyuan in Beijing？(P2)
重建失去的文化遗产，如琥珀屋或北京的圆明园，是否值得？
归纳拓展 (1)be (well) worth doing ...……(非常)值得做 be worth the money/an effort/a_try 值得花钱/努力/一试
be worth it 值得一干；值得花精力(或时间)
(2)be worthy ⎩⎨⎧ ⎭
⎪⎬⎪⎫＋of being done ＋to be done 值得做……＋of ＋n ＝be worth ＋n 值得…… (3)It is worthwhile to_do/doing sth.值得做某事
名师点睛
worth 一般只作表语，可用程度副词well 修饰；而worthy 和worthwhile 既可作表语又可作定语。

语境助记
①[2016·北京高考]．..when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth_taking. ……我们权衡利弊，觉得值得冒一下风险。

②They are truly good birds that are worth_every_effort we put into recovering them.
他们是真正的益鸟，值得我们为使它们康复而付出的每一份努力。

③You may not succeed, but it is worth a_try.
你可能不会成功，但值得一试。

④Guilin is a beautiful place. It's worthwhile_going/to_go there.
桂林是个美丽的地方，值得去看看。

⑤This article is well worth reading, but it is not worthy of being_translated.
这篇文章很值得一读，但不值得翻译。

过关演练
单句语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

1．It was ________ (evidence) that all the proofs we collected proved him to be guilty.
答案：evident 考查词性转换。

系动词后应为形容词，故填evident 。

2．The final team ________ (select) will be made tomorrow.
答案：selection 考查词性转换。

句意：队伍的最后人选将在明天确定。

3．With the Internet use ________ (explode) in the world, companies like Yahoo and Google are hunting harder for deals.
答案：exploding 考查with 的复合结构。

explode 与Internet use 之间为主动关系，故填exploding 。

4．The world is a play that would not be worth ________ (see) if we knew the plot.
答案：seeing 考查be worth doing 的用法。

此处doing 用主动形式表被动。

5．Although the Eiffel Tower ________ (design) to last for 20 years, it is still standing today.
答案：was designed 考查时态和语态。

design与the Eiffel Tower之间为动宾关系，且根据语意可知，动作是过去发生的，所以此处用一般过去时的被动语态。

6．The vase has so ________ (amaze) a story that nobody cares about its beauty.
答案：amazing 考查词性转换。

“so＋adj.＋a(n)＋n.”意为“如此令人……的”。

又因此处修饰story，故用amazing。

7．We shouldn't be too crazy about learning English, but it is also too extreme to remove English ________ college entrance exams.
答案：from 考查固定搭配。

remove...from...意为“把……从……去掉”。

8．The tour around the city will finish at the entrance ________ the State Apartments.
答案：to 考查介词。

the entrance to...意为“……的入口”。

9．I doubt ________ the new one will be better.
答案：whether/if 考查连词。

句意：我不敢肯定这个新的是否会好些。

10．Some strange customs have survived ________ earlier times.
答案：from 考查固定搭配。

survive from“从……流传下来”。

1 in search of 寻找；搜寻；寻求
IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM(P1)
寻找琥珀屋
归纳拓展
(1)in one's search for 寻找
(2)search sth./sb.搜查某物/搜身
search for＝look for寻找
search...for...为找到……而搜查……
(3)常见的“in＋名词＋of”短语有：
in_memory_of为了纪念……
in_favour_of支持；赞同
in_honour_of为了纪念；为向……表示敬意
in_need_of需要
in_charge_of掌管；负责
in_possession_of拥有……
名师点睛
in search of “寻找，搜寻”，在句中常作表语或目的状语。

名词search前不加限定词；若search前加
a/the/one's等限定词时，of一般换成for。

search作动词用时，search的宾语是指搜查的范围，可以是人、物或地点；而搜寻要找的人或物时，要加介词for。

语境助记
①I went off in_search_of a gas station where I could buy some petrol.
我离开去寻找加油站买汽油。

②The police searched_the_suspect but found no weapons on him.
警方搜查了嫌疑犯，但在他身上没找到武器。

③I searched the whole room for_the_lost_key,_but in vain.
我搜遍了整个房间来寻找丢失的钥匙，但是徒劳。

④[一言辨异]Some policemen were_searching one robber for more evidence; others were searching_for another robber and the local people were in_search_of the things they had lost.
有些警察为了找到更多的证据正在搜查其中一个抢劫犯；另外一些警察正在寻找另外一个抢劫犯；当地人正在寻找他们丢失的东西。

2 belong to 属于；为……的一员
However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it.(P2)
然而，下一位普鲁士国王，腓特烈·威廉一世，这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不要它了。

归纳拓展
(1)belong to表示“属于”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态，作后置定语时，常用现在分词，有类似用法的短语还包括：date back to/date from(追溯到)，consist of(由……组成)等
(2)belong vi.适合待在某处，放在某处，没有含被动意味的过去分词的用法
(3)belongings n．财产；所有物；相关事物
语境助记
①As we all know, tigers and cats belong_to the same family of beasts.
众所周知，老虎和猫属于同一科的野兽。

②All the workers belonging_to the factory must obey the rule.
这个工厂的所有员工必须遵守这个规定。

③[2016·浙江高考]We had to keep track of our_belongings,_and if something was lost, it was not replaced.
我们必须要密切关注我们的财物，如果有东西丢失的话，无法替换。

3 in return 作为报答；回报
In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers.(P2)
作为回报，沙皇送给他一队自己最好的士兵。

归纳拓展
(1)in return (for sth.)作为(对……的)回报
return...for...以……回报……
return like for like以牙还牙
(2)in turn依次；反过来
by turns 轮流；时而……时而……
语境助记
①He wanted to do something in_return_for the kindness that she offered him.
他想做点什么事来酬谢她的好意。

②He spends too much time on maths, and this in_turn affects the progress of his other subjects.
他花费大量时间学数学，这反过来影响了其它学科的进步。

③Theory is based on practice and in_turn serves practice.
理论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。

④[牛津高阶]The book is, by_turns,_funny and very sad.
这部书时而妙趣横生，时而悲悲戚戚。

图解助记
过关演练
选词填空
and then meet to discuss them.
答案：belong to
2．Remember that you can expect the best ________.
答案：in return
3．The country has been ________ with its neighbors for more than two years. Every one in the country
is really anxious for peace.
答案：at war
4．Young as the boy is, he is able to ________ the toy car and put it together again.
答案：take apart
5．The rescue workers removed the bricks and stones with bare hands ________ any survivor in the earthquake.
答案：in search of
6．It happened—whether by accident or________－that the two of them were left alone.
答案：by design
7．From this experience I have learnt that questioning can ________ a bridge that helps us to seek the truth.
答案：serve as
8．A college classmate of mine, Tim, was an excellent football player, even though he weighed much ________ the average player.
答案：less than
9．[牛津高阶]________， he remembered me.
答案：To my amazement
10．The film ________ and soon became a hit.
答案：was highly thought of
1 Frederick William I, the King of Prussia, _could_never_ ave_imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history.(P1)
普鲁士国王威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。

归纳拓展
在句中could have done sth.表示对过去情况的推测，意为“可能做过某事”。

该结构还表示与过去事实相反的假设，意为“本来能够去做某事却没有做”。

有类似用法的结构还有：
must have done sth. 一定做过某事
might have done sth. 过去可能做过某事；本可能做某事
should have done sth. 过去应该做过某事；本应该做某事
needn't have done sth. 本没必要做某事
ought to have done sth. 本该做某事
would have done 本来要做某事
语境助记
①[牛津高阶]He can't_have_slept well through all that noise.
他不可能在那种闹哄哄的环境里睡好觉。

②You could_have_done_better,_but you were too careless.
你本能够做得更好，但你太粗心了。

③—I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
—Oh, did you? You could_have_stayed with Barbara.
——在纽约时我住在一家旅馆里。

——噢，是吗？你本来能够和芭芭拉住在一起的。

④—I spent two weeks in London last summer.
—Then you must_have_visited the British Museum during your stay, didn't you?
——去年夏天我在伦敦待了两周。

——那么在此期间你一定参观过大英博物馆了，是吗？
⑤I needn't_have_worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.
在来新学校前我本没有必要担心，因为这儿的同学对我很友好。

2 There_is_no_doubt_that the boxes were then put on a train for Königsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea.(P2)
毫无疑问，这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡，当时德国在波罗的海边的一个城市。

归纳拓展 (1)There is no doubt that...为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”，that 后面的从句为同位语从句，说明doubt 的内容。

doubt 常见搭配：
①There is no doubt ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ that...about/of... 毫无疑问……
②There is some doubt whether...有疑问……
③I don't/never doubt that... 我确信……
④I doubt whether/if...我怀疑……
⑤without/beyond doubt 无疑地；必定
(2)类似的句型结构有：
There is ＋⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ doing sth.做某事没有意义no need to do sth.没有必要做某事a/no possibility that...有/没有可能……a chance that...有可能……no hurry to do sth.不急于做某事 It is no use/no good/no need doing sth.做某事没有用处/好处/必要 It is no wonder that...(＝No wonder that...)难怪；怪不得……
名师点睛
当名词doubt用在否定句中时，后面接that引导的同位语从句；用在肯定句中时，后面接whether引导的同位语从句。

注意此时不可以用if替换whether。

及物动词doubt后接名词、代词或宾语从句。

在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句；在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。

语境助记
①There_is_no_doubt that Michael Jordan deserves the title “outstanding player of his generation”．
毫无疑问，迈克尔·乔丹无愧于“一代杰出球员”的称号。

②There_is_some_doubt whether he is suitable for the job.
他是否胜任这项工作还有一些疑问。

③I have no_doubt_that you'll succeed.
我相信你肯定能成功。

④You can complain, but I doubt_if/whether it will make any difference.
你可以抱怨，但我怀疑抱怨是否会有任何影响。

⑤I never_doubted_that she would come.
我从未怀疑过她会来。

⑥There_is_a_possibility_that the company will suffer a great loss this month.
这家公司本月很可能遭受巨大损失。

⑦There_is_no_point_(in) arguing with him about it.
与他争论这事没有任何意义。

⑧There is no_need_to_put the meeting ahead because we still have three weeks before the end of the term.
离这学期结束还有三周时间，因此我们没有必要提前开会。

3 In a trial, a judge must decide which_eyewitnesses_to_ elieve and which_not_to_believe. (P5)
在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可信，哪些不可信。

归纳拓展
“疑问词＋不定式”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。

(1)在“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式。

(2)why后加不定式时，不定式省略符号to。

(3)whether后可接不定式，而if不可。

名师点睛
疑问代词(who, which除外)后面须跟及物动词；若是不及物动词，后面须跟相应的介词。

疑问副词后可以接不及物动词；若接及物动词，动词不定式须有自己的宾语。

语境助记
①From the teacher's point of view, children should be left to decide what_to_read_and_how_to_read.
从教师的观点来看，应该由孩子来决定读什么和怎么读。

②When_and_where_to_go_on_an_outing hasn't been decided.
何时何地去郊游还没有决定。

③I don't know how_to_do it next.
我不知道下一步该怎么办。

④Today's English learners have a wide choice of dictionaries from_which_to_choose.
当今，英语学习者有各种各样的词典可供选择。

⑤Why_not_discover what you enjoy and do that?
为什么不去发现你喜欢做的然后去做呢？
过关演练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)。

1．There is still some doubt ________the autumn sports meeting will be held in our school, but there is no doubt ________it will be held soon after our National Day holiday.
答案：whether; that 第一空考查whether引导同位语从句，不能用if；第二空考查There is no doubt that...结构。

2．People are learning ________ to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it.
答案：how 考查“疑问词＋to do”结构。

根据语意可知，此处填how。

3．It was not long ________ he came back.
答案：before 考查连词。

It was not long before...意为“不久就……”。

句意：没过多久他回来了。

4．The parents didn't tolerate their kids' rudeness at the party, ________ did they allow themselves to be disobeyed.
答案：neither/nor 考查“neither/nor＋助动词＋主语”句式。

此句式表示与上文否定的情况相同。

5．—Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.
—Oh, you ________ have done it as yesterday was the deadline.
答案：should 考查虚拟语气。

should have done表示“本应该做而未做”。

Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Tom is a stubborn boy, so it is no use ________.
汤姆是一个顽固的孩子，所以与他争辩是没用的。

答案：debating with him
2．________among the workers is still a question.
这些工人之间如何分工仍是一个问题。

答案：How to divide labor
3．He has been busy painting the house._____________________
他一直在刷房子，难怪他看来这么累。

答案：No wonder he looks so tired
4．Not a word ______________ at the meeting.
他在会上一句话也没说。

答案：did he say
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
定语从句的种类
定语从句根据其与主句关系的密切程度可以分为限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句两种。

定语从句的定义
1．限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。

如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。

书写时不用逗号与主句分开。

This is the MP4 that/which I bought for my daughter yesterday.
这是我昨天为女儿买的MP4。

The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.
这座古老的城镇街道狭窄，小房子挨得很近。

2．非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，它只是对先行词或主句作附加或补充性的说明，不起限制作用，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。

在这类定语从句中，先行词与定语从句往往由逗号隔开。

非限制性定语从句中的关系代词不可省略。

He passed the exam, which surprised his parents.
他通过了考试，这使他的父母很吃惊。

过关演练
单句语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)。

1．China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ________shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
答案：which 考查非限制性定语从句。

从句中缺少主语，且先行词指代上文，故填which。

2．Opposite is St Paul's Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music.
答案：where 考查定语从句。

从句中不缺少主语和宾语，先行词指地点，因此填where。

3．[2016·四川高考]Those given night milk, ________ contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime.
答案：which 考查非限制性定语从句。

先行词指物，which在从句中作主语。

句意：和那些喝了在白天收集的牛奶的老鼠相比，喝了含有10倍褪黑激素的在夜间收集的牛奶的老鼠更不活跃，也很少焦虑。

4．The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere________his employees enjoy their
work.
答案：where 考查定语从句。

从句中不缺主语和宾语，且先行词表示地点，故填where。

5．As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time________he should be able to be independent.
答案：when 考查限制性定语从句。

从句中不缺主语和宾语，且先行词表时间，故填when。

Ⅰ.完形填空(建议用时21′)
I have always been an independent person, but I have come to know that being independent does not mean refusing help. I may still be __1__ with asking for help, but I try to accept. Furthermore, I will even __2__ help and when my offers are refused, I am __3__ willing to walk away. And all these changes came from a disaster on an island.
Sometimes a person's independence is a __4__ of pride, daring, stubbornness and luck. I used to be too __5__ since I was little. I was once a traveler who never asked for __6__， choosing instead to struggle with maps and signs until I found my way.
Then one day on the island of Koh Phangan, in Thailand, everything __7__. I was swimming in the ocean with Sean, my fiancé， when he was __8__ by a box jellyfish (箱形水母). He __9__ within three minutes, 25 years old. Yet when onlookers and travelers asked if I wanted __10__， stubborn pride and force of habit __11__ me accepting. But two young Israeli women stayed. __12__ my protest, they were with me even when the police tried to cover up the __13__ of Sean's death. It was listed as drunk drowning to avoid hurting the __14__ industry. The Israeli women __15__ have walked away. __16__， without even telling me, they __17__ their schedule rather than leave me behind.
__18__ I didn't realize it at the time, I now believe I would not have __19__ the disaster without these great women. Actually, the person who needs help the most is usually the last person to ask for it. I have learned __20__ is better than refusing because it not only helps you walk out of trouble, but also helps you know the real meaning of life.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。

作者通过自己的亲身经历领悟到一个道理：独立并不意味着要拒绝帮助，接受
帮助胜过拒绝帮助，它不仅能帮你摆脱困境，还能帮助你明白生活的真谛。

1．A.struggling B．dealing
C．confused D．satisfied
答案：A struggle with意为“与……作斗争”，根据上下文逻辑关系可判断，“我”还在同“是否要寻求帮助”作斗争。

2．A.accept B． offer
C．seek D． desire
答案：B 根据下文的when my offers可分析判断，“我”甚至会给别人提供帮助。

3．A.occasionally B． frequently
C．usually D． seldom
答案：D 由语境可知，当“我”给别人提供帮助而被拒绝时，很少会心甘情愿地走开。

这与下文“我”拒绝别人的帮助时，对方还是留下来陪“我”的经历有关。

occasionally“偶尔”；frequently “经常地”；usually“通常”；seldom“很少”。

4．A.range B． symbol
C．way D． mix
答案：D 句意：有时一个人的独立是骄傲、勇敢、顽强和运气的结合。

range“一系列”；symbol“象征”；way“方式”；mix“混合，结合”。

5．A.adventurous B． brave
C．independent D． creative
答案：C 根据文章第一句以及下文的内容可分析判断，“我”是一个非常独立的人。

6．A.money B． equipment
C．directions D． suggestions
答案：C 根据第6空后面的“choosing instead to struggle with maps and signs until I found my way”分析判断，“我”曾经旅行时从不问路。

money“钱”；equipment“装备”；direction“方向”；suggestion“建议”。

7．A.happened B． messed
C．changed D． disappeared
答案：C 根据第一段的最后一句中的all these changes分析判断，此处表示一切都变了。

故选C项。

8．A.attacked B． caught
C．followed D． impressed
答案：A 根据下文提到的“我”的未婚夫之死可分析，他受到了箱形水母的攻击。

attack“攻击”。

9．A.sunk B． died
C．failed D． recovered
答案：B 根据“25 years old”及第13空后面的“Sean's death”可分析判断，Sean在三分钟之内就死了。

故选B项。

10．pany B． advice
C．comfort D． evidence
答案：A 可由上文分析判断，“我”正遭受着未婚夫突然去世的打击，再结合第11空后面的“two young Israeli women stayed”可知，周围的人在问作者是否需要陪伴。

company“陪伴”。

11．A.kept B． prevented
C．denied D． suggested
答案：B 由上下文可知，“我”固执的骄傲和习惯的力量阻止“我”接受别人提供的帮助。

prevent“阻止”。

12．A.In spite of B． In case of
C．In terms of D． As a result of
答案：A 此处表示尽管“我”反对，她们还是留下来陪“我”。

in spite of“尽管”；in case of“以防万一”；in terms of“就……而言”；as a result of“由于……”。

13．A.proof B． news
C．fact D． cause
答案：D 根据下一句中的“It was listed as drunk drowning”可知，警方尽力地掩盖肖恩死亡的原因。

cause“原因”。

14．A.medicine B． entertainment
C．fishing D． tourism
答案：D 由上下文可知，肖恩因受水母攻击而死亡，警方掩盖其死因是为了避免影响到当地的旅游业。

15．A.must B． need
C．should D． could
答案：D could have done表示“本来能做，而实际上未做”，此处指那两位以色列女士本来能够离开的，但她们还是留下来陪“我”。

16．A.Therefore B． Otherwise
C．Instead D． Besides
答案：C 句意：甚至没告诉“我”，她们却宁可延误自己的日程安排，也不扔下“我”不管。

instead“反而，却”。

17．A.delayed B． made
C．considered D． threw
答案：A 结合上一题句意分析判断。

delay“延误，推迟”。

18．A.When B． While
C．Because D． If
答案：B while“尽管”。

句意：尽管“我”当时没有意识到这一点，但现在“我”相信，如果没有这两位好心的女士，“我”不会从这场灾难中幸存。

19．A.avoided B． experienced
C．survived D． suffered
答案：C 结合上一题句意逻辑分析判断。

survive“幸存；存活”。

20．A.refusing B． accepting C．giving D． begging 答案：B 根据下文的“because it not only...of life”并结合全文可知，此处表示接受帮助比拒绝帮助好。

Ⅱ.阅读理解(建议用时16′)
A
[2017·福州质检]My 16－year－old son, Anton, had gone to the local swimming hole. Most of the kids swim there, and there are plenty of rocks for them to use as safe harbors, so I had no fears for his safety.
Still, the firefighter's first words “You need to come up here to the Stillwater River” made me。