高中英语语法大全之形容词和副词比较级1

形容词与副词的比较级，最高等和原级的用法
大部分形容词和副词有比较级和最高等的变化，即原级、比较级和最高等，用来表示事物的等级差异。

原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高等有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

1)规则变化
单音节词和少量双音节词，加词尾-er ，-est来组成比较级和最高等。

组成法原级比较级最高等
一般单音节词未尾加 -er,-est
以不发音的 e 结尾的单音词和少量以 - le 结尾的双音节词只加 -r,-st
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加 -er ，-est
"以辅音字母+y" 结尾的双音节词，改 y 为 i ，再加 -
er ，-est
少量以 -er ，-ow 结尾的双音节词未尾加 -er ，-est tall( 高的 )taller tallest great(巨大的 )greater greatest nice(好的 )nicer nicest large(大的 )larger largest able （有能力的）abler ablest
big( 大的 )bigger biggest hot ( 热的 )hotter hottest
easy( 简单的 )easier easiest busy( 忙的 )busier busiest
clever(聪慧的)cleverer cleverest narrow( 窄的 )narrower narrowest
其余双音和多音，important( 重要more most
在前面加 more ，most的)important important 来组成比和最高。

easily( 简单地 )more easily most easily 2) 不化
原比最高
good( 好的 )well(健康的 )better best
bad ( 坏的 )ill( 有病的 )worse worst
old (老的 )older/elder oldest/eldest
much/many( 多的 )more most
little(少的 )less least
far (的 )farther/further farthest/furthe
st
原比 : as+ 形容或副原 +as
1 ）在否认句或疑句中可用so ⋯ as 。

He cannot run so/as fast as you.
2 ）当 as ⋯ as中出名采纳以下格式as + 形容 + a +数名\ as + many/much +名
This is as good an example as the other is.
I can carry as much paper as you can..
3 ）用表示倍数的或其余程度副做修，放在as 的前面。

This room is twice as big as that one.
Your room is the same size as mine.
▲A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.
The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。

▲A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。

▲A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.
Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。

用 times 表倍数往常用于三倍以上，两倍能够用twice 或 double.
比较级构造：比较级形容词或副词+than
You are taller than I.
They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.
可修饰比较级的词
1 ）a bit, a little,rather,much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等
2）还能够用表示倍数的词或胸怀名词作修饰语。

3）以上词 (除 by far) 外，一定置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。

注意：
many, old和far
1) 假如后接名词时，much more +不行数名词
many more +可数名词复数
2) old有两种比和最高形式: older/oldest和elder/eldest。

elder ，eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的幼关系。

My elder brother is an engineer.
Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.
3)far 有两种比， farther ，further. 在英中二者都可指距离。

在美中， father表示距离，further表示一步。

I have nothing further to say.
最高构： the+ 最高 + 比范
1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
形容最高前往常必用定冠the ，副最高前可不用。

2) 以下可修最高， by far, far, much, mostly, almost
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
特别用法：
1." 否认 + 比 " ，" 否认 + so ⋯ as" 构表示最高含。

Nothing is so
easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing.
2.“ the +比⋯⋯ , the + 比“：表示“越⋯⋯越⋯⋯”
The sooner you see a doctor, the better it is.你越早看医生越好。

The longer I waited，the less patient I became.我等的越久就得越不耐。

3.the + 序数 + 最高 +数可数名：表示“第几大的”
This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson。

是克·杰克第三受迎的歌曲。

4.more /less than及其有关构
①more than＋详细数字 =over：多于、超⋯⋯
He spoke English more than two years.两(年多 )
more than＋名 //形容 /副：不
China Daily is more than a newspaper and it can also help us learn English.
more⋯ than ⋯：与其⋯⋯不如⋯⋯
He is not more an artist than a philosopher.
与其他是位家，不如他是位哲学家
②not more than：不超⋯⋯，多⋯⋯ =at most
There were not more than 70 women in the store then（.不足 70 个女性）
③no more than：，只不
The theater was no more than a painted barn.
院只不是漆了油漆的房而已（没什么大不了的）。