2014年秋人教版九年级英语第六单元语法知识(一般过去时的被动语态)

第六单元语法知识
一般过去时的被动语态
一、基本句型结构：
1、肯定句：主语+was/ were +过去分词
．．．．（+by...)
eg: The house was built in 1990.
The desk was made by my father.
The toy cars were invented by Tom.
2、否定句：主语+wasn’t/ weren/t +过去分词
．．．．（+by...)
eg: The house wasn’t built in 1990.
The desk wasn’t made by my father.
The toy cars weren’t invented by Tom.
3、一般疑问句：Was/ Were +主语+过去分词
．．．．（+by...)？
eg: Was the house built in 1990? Yes, it was. No, it wasn’t.
Was the desk made by my father? Yes, it was. No, it wasn’t.
Were the toy cars invented by Tom? Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.
4、特殊疑问句：疑问词+was / were +主语+过去分词
．．．．（+by...)？
eg: When was the house built ?
Who was the desk made by ?
Who were the toy cars invented by ?
二、含有双宾语和复合宾语的主动语态变为被动语态的方法：
1、含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时，通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而指“物”的直接宾语则不变
eg: He （主语）gave （谓语）me （间宾）a book （直宾）yesterday （状语）.
I (主语）was given （谓语）a book （直宾）by him （间宾）yesterday.（状语）
2、含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时，如果需要把指“物”的直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，则在间接宾语前加to或for
eg: I (主语）bought （谓语）him（间宾）some food.（直宾）
Some food （主语）was bought （谓语）to him （间宾）by me.
My mother （主语）bought （谓语）me （间宾）a new schoolbag.（直宾）
A new school bag （主语）bought （谓语）for me （间宾）by my mother.
3、含有复合宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时，要将其中主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不变
eg: Jim （主语）asked （谓语）Tom (宾语）to go for a walk.（宾语补足语）
Tom （主语）was asked （谓语）by Jim (宾语）to go for a walk.（宾语补足语）
4、如果宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式，主动语态变为被动语态时要加上不定式符号to
eg: We （主语）heard （谓语）Linda (宾语）sing in the music room.（宾语补足语）
Linda （主语）was heard （谓语）to sing in the music room (宾语）by us.（宾语补足语）。