水文地理学与流域区英文版
(完整word版)水文专业英语
水文学与水文地质学英文术语河流阶地：river terrace面源：area source线源：line source点源：point source 非点源：non-point source groundwater 潜水groundwater artery 地下水干道groundwater barrier 地下水堡坝groundwater basin 地下水盆地groundwater capture 地下水袭夺groundwater cascade 地下水小瀑布groundwater cement 潜水泥groundwater dam 地下水坝groundwater discharge 地下水排泄groundwater divide 地下分水界groundwater flow 地下径流groundwater inventory 地下水总量目录groundwater level 地下水位groundwater mound 地下水土丘groundwater province 地下水区groundwater recession 地下水后退groundwater recession curve 地下水后退曲线groundwater reservoir 地下水储集groundwater runoff 地下径流groundwater simulation 地下模拟groundwater spring 潜水泉groundwater table 地下水位group 群exploitable groundwater 地下水可开采量groundwater depression cone 地下水下降漏斗字段名英文名站码station code 站名station name流域名称basin name 水系名称hydrometric net code河流名称river name 施测项目码item code of obervation行政区划码administration division code水资源分区码code of water resources regionalization设站年份year of station establishment 设站月份month of station establishment撤站年份year of withdrawal of station 撤站月份month of withdrawal of station集水面积drainage area 流入何处flowing-to至河口距离distance to river mouth 基准基面名称name of fiducial datum领导机关leading agency (administration agency) 管理单位administration站址station location 东经longitude北纬latitude 测站等级grade of hydrometric station报汛等级grade of Flood-Reporting Station 备注note站点码station point code 站点名station point name测流方法observation method 控水目的purpose of control water project控水工程类型control water project type 控水工程代码code of control water project控水工程运行规则operation regulation of control water project推流参数parameter of discharge computation 引水点名Location name of pumping排水点名Location name of surface drainage实际最大灌溉面积maximum area of practical irrigation上界站站码station code of upper boundary station至上界站河段长length of reach to upper bound station下界站站码code of lower bound station至下界站河段长length of reach to lower bound station高差基数base of difference in elevation流域水系码codes of hydrographic net of a basin区码code of zone 区名zone name区类zone type 水体总容量total capacity of water bodies 灌溉水田面积area of rice paddy irrigated 灌溉面积irrigation area城市人口urban population 工业总产值gross industrial output value 调查资料来源单位office recording investigation data水库和水闸控制面积drainage area of reservoir or weir or sluice调查面积investigation area 量算地图比例尺scale of measured map连通试验可靠等级reliability rank of connectivity pair test旁证资料可靠等级reliability level of data witness面积成果合理性等级reliability rank of area data直接上级区名zone name of prime at first 调查报告编号investigation report number 地理包含关系geography contain relation 站点类别station point category相关站码correlative station code 关系标识relationship ID关系说明relationship illustration 主断面迁移号migration numbers of main cross section 断面名称cross section name 断面位置location of cross section变动年份changed Year 变动月份changed month变动日changed day 同系列标志series marker变动情况changed conditions 水尺名称gage name水尺型式gage type 水尺质料material of gage自记台类型type of stage recorder 水尺位置location of gage使用情况use condition 河段情况river reach circumstance图类型graph type 图标题graph title图graph MIME类型MIME type水准点编号benchmark number 水准点类型benchmark type变动日期date of Setup or change 采用基面名称adoption datum name冻结或测站基面以上高程elevation above stationary datum绝对或假定基面以上高程elevation above absolute or arbitrary datum绝对基面名称name of absolute or arbitrary datum水准点型式benchmark style 水准点位置benchmark location引据水准点编号number of benchmark from which elevation is measured变动原因cause of change 工程名称engineering name工程名称代码engineering name code 开始蓄水年份begin storing water year开始蓄水月份begining month of storing water 校核洪水位check flood stage校核库容check storage capacity of reservoir 设计洪水位design flood stage设计库容reservoir capacity corresponding to DSFLZ正常高水位normal high water level 正常库容Normal reservoir storage死水位dead pool level 死库容dead reservoir capacity溢洪道号spillway number 竣工年份completion year竣工月份completion month 溢洪道长度spillway length溢洪道堰顶高程elevation of spillway crest 溢洪道堰顶宽width of spillway crest溢洪道设计最大流量maximum designed discharge of spillway闸组号gate group number 孔型type of sluice or hole孔数count of sluice or hole 孔高sluice or hole height孔宽sluice or hole width设计最大流量maximum designed discharge of sluice or tunnel翼墙型式wing wall type 墩头型式type of pier head of sluice or tunnel 堰顶闸底形状shape of weir crest or sluice bed 工程地址location of engineering设计灌溉面积design irrigated area due to sluice or tunnel控制面积control area 总库容total reservoir capacity最大实灌面积actually irrigated area due to sluice or tunnel最大实引排水量maximum volume of actual diversion or drainage仪器口径mouth diameter of rain gauge 仪器精度precision of rain gauge记录模式recording mode 获值模式sensing mode绝对高程elevation above absolute datum器口离地面高度instrument height above ground非汛期观测段制observation regime in nonflood season汛期观测段制observation regime in flood season蒸发场位置特征character of location of evaporation-gauging仪器型式type of instrument(equipment) 附近地势nearby topography四周障碍物obstacles around station 起时间beginning time止时间end time起始日期beginning date 旬起始日期beginning date of a period of ten days 日期date 降水量precipitation降水量注解码remark code of precipitation 降水日数number of precipitation days降水日数注解码remark code of number of precipitation days最大降水量maximum precipitation 最大降水量时段长maximum precipitation duration 最大日降水量maximum daily precipitation最大日降水量注解码remark code of maximum daily precipitation最大日降水量出现日期occurring date of maximum daily precipitation终霜日期date of frost disappearance 初霜日期date of frost appearance终雪日期date of snow disappearance 初雪日期date of snow appearance终冰日期date of ice disappearance 初冰日期date of ice appearance蒸发器型式type of evaporation equipment 水面蒸发量surface evaporation水面蒸发量注解码remark code of evaporation最大日水面蒸发量maximum daily evaporation最大日水面蒸发量注解码remark code of maximum daily evaporation最大日水面蒸发量出现日期occurring date of maximum daily evaporation最小日水面蒸发量minimum daily surface evaporation最小日水面蒸发量注解码remark code of minimum daily surface evaporation最小日水面蒸发量出现日期occurring date of minimum daily surface evaporation观测高度observation height 气温air temperature气温注解码remark code air temperature 平均气温average air temperature平均气温注解码remark code of average air temperature最高气温注解码remark code of maximum air temperature最高气温日期date of maximum air temperature 最高气温maximum air temperature最低气温minimum air temperature最低气温注解码remark code of minimum air temperature最低气温日期date of minimum air temperature水汽压vapour pressure 水汽压注解码remark code of vapour pressure 平均水汽压average vapor pressure平均水汽压注解码remark code of average vapor pressure水汽压力差difference of vapour pressure 风速wind velocity水汽压力差注解码remark code of difference of vapour pressure平均水汽压力差average vapor pressure difference平均水汽压力差注解码remark code of average vapor pressure difference风速注解码remark code of wind velocity 平均风速average wind velocity平均风速注解码remark code of average wind velocity闸上水位stage in Sluice Upstream 闸上水位注解码remark code of upsluice stage 闸下水位down sluice stage 闸下水位注解码remark code of downsluice stage 坝上水位stage behind dam 坝上水位注解码remark code of the stage behind dam 水位stage 水位注解码remark code of stage平均水位average stage 平均水位注解码remark code of average stage最高水位maximum stage 最高水位注解码remark code of maximum stage 最高水位日期occurring date of maximum stage最低水位minimum stage 最低水位注解码remark code of date of minimum stage 最低水位日期date of minimum stage 保证率reliability of stage保证率水位reliability stage 流量discharge保证率水位注解码remark code of reliability stage平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge最大流量maximum discharge 平均流量average discharge最大流量注解码remark code of maximum discharge最大流量日期date of maximum discharge最小流量minimum discharge 最小流量日期date of minimum discharge最小流量注解码remark code of minimum discharge蓄水量Reservoir Storage 径流量runoff径流量注解码remark code of runoff 径流模数runoff modulus径流深runoff in depth 最大洪量maximum flood volume最大洪量时段长duration of maximum flood volume泥沙类型sediment type 含沙量sediment concentration平均含沙量average sediment concentration平均含沙量注解码remark code of average sediment concentration最大含沙量maximum sediment concentration最大含沙量注解码remark code of maximum sediment concentration最大含沙量日期date of maximum sediment concentration最小含沙量minimum sediment concentration最小含沙量注解码remark code of minimum sediment concentration最小含沙量日期date of minimum sediment concentration平均输沙率average sediment discharge平均输沙率注解码remark code of average sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率maximum average of daily sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率注解码remark code of maximum average of daily sediment discharge最大日平均输沙率出现日期occurring date of maximum average of daily sediment discharge输沙量sediment runoff 输沙量注解码remark code of sediment runoff输沙模数sediment runoff modulus 上限粒径upper limit particle size采样仪器型号model number of sampling instrument采样效率系数efficiency coefficient of sampling平均沙重百分数average percent of sediment weight中数粒径median particle diameter 平均粒径average particle diameter最大粒径maximum particle diameter 水温water temperature水温注解码remark code of water temperature平均水温注解码remark code of average water temperature最高水温maximum water temperature 平均水温average water temperature最高水温注解码remark code of maximum water temperature最高水温日期occurring date of maximum water temperature最低水温minimum water temperature 冰情注解码remark code of ice condition最低水温注解码remark code of minimum water temperature最低水温日期date of minimum water temperature河心冰厚ice thickness at river center 岸边冰厚Thickness of Border Ice冰上雪深snow depth on ice 岸上气温air temperature on bank解冻日期date of ice break up 封冻日期ice freeze up date上半年封冻天数number of actual freeze up days in first half of year下半年封冻天数number of actual freeze up days in second half of year终止流冰日期end date of ice run 开始流冰日期beginning date of ice run河心最大冰厚maximum ice thickness at river center河心最大冰厚出现日期occurring date of the maximum ice thickness at river center岸边最大冰厚Maximum thickness of border Ice岸边最大冰厚出现日期occurring date of maximum thickness of border ice最大流冰块长度maximum length of ice floe 最大流冰块宽度maximum width of ice floe 最大流冰块冰速maximum velocity of ice floe断面平均冰速average ice flow velocity at cross section最大冰上雪深maximum snow depth on ice最大冰上雪深出现日期occurring date of maximum snow depth on ice春季最大冰流量maximum ice discharge in spring春季最大冰流量注解码remark code of maximum ice discharge in spring春季最大冰流量日期occurring date of ice discharge in spring冬季最大冰流量maximum ice discharge in winter冬季最大冰流量注解码remark code of occurring data of maximum ice discharge in winter冬季最大冰流量日期occurring data of maximum ice discharge in winter春季总冰流量gross ice discharge in spring春季总冰流量注解码remark code of gross ice discharge in spring冬季总冰流量注解码remark code of ice discharge in winter年总冰流量yearly total ice discharge 冬季总冰流量gross ice discharge in winter年总冰流量注解码remark code yearly total ice discharge平均冰流量注解码remark code of average ice discharge总冰流量total of ice discharge 平均冰流量average ice discharge总冰流量注解码remark code of total of ice discharge 最大冰流量maximum ice discharge 最大冰流量注解码remark code of maximum ice discharge最大冰流量日期date of maximum ice discharge潮别tidal type 潮位tidal level潮位注解码remark code of tidal level 潮差tidal range历时duration 潮流量tidal discharge潮量tidal volume 潮输沙率tidal sediment discharge潮输沙量tidal sediment runoff 平均高潮潮位average high tidal level平均高潮潮位注解码remark of average high tidal level stage最高高潮位Maximum high tidal stage最高高潮位注解码remark code of Maximum high tidal stage最高高潮位出现时间occurring time of Maximum high tidal stage最低高潮位minimum high tidal stage最低高潮位注解码remark code of minimum high water level最低高潮位出现时间occurring time of minimum high tidal stage平均低潮潮位average low tidal level平均低潮潮位注解码remark of average low tidal level最高低潮位maximum low tidal stage最高低潮位注解码remark code of maxiumm low tidal stage最高低潮位出现时间occurring time of maximum low tidal stage最低低潮位minimum low tidal stage最低低潮位注解码remark code of minimum low tidal stage最低低潮位出现时间occurring time of minimum low tidal stage平均涨潮潮差average of flood tide range平均涨潮潮差注解码remark code of average of flood tide range最大涨潮潮差maximum flood tidal range最大涨潮潮差注解码remark code of maximum flood tidal range最大涨潮潮差(高潮)时间time of maximum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差minimum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差注解码remark code of minimum flood tidal range最小涨潮潮差(高潮)时间high tidal time of minimum flood tidal range平均落潮潮差average ebb tide range平均落潮潮差注解码remark code of average of ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差maximum ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差注解码remark code of maximum ebb tidal range最大落潮潮差(高潮)时间high water occurring time of maximum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差minimum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差注解码remark code of minimum ebb tidal range最小落潮潮差(高潮)时间high water occurring time of minimum ebb tidal range平均涨潮历时average flood tidal duration平均涨潮历时注解码remark code of average of flood tidal range最长涨潮历时maximum flood tidal duration最长涨潮历时注解码remark code of maximum flood tide duration最长涨潮历时(高潮)时间high water occurring time of maximum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时minimum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时注解码remark code of minimum flood tidal duration最短涨潮历时(高潮)时间high tidal time of minimum flood tidal duration平均落潮历时mean ebb tide duration平均落潮历时注解码remark code of mean ebb tide duration最长落潮历时maximum ebb tidal duration最长落潮历时注解码remark code of maximum ebb tidal duration最长落潮历时(高潮)时间high water occurring time of maximum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时minimum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时注解码remark code of minimum ebb tidal duration最短落潮历时(高潮)时间high tidal time of Minimum ebb tidal duration逐时平均潮位hourly average tidal stage逐时平均潮位注解码remark code of hourly average tidal stage平均潮差average tide range平均潮差注解码remark code of yearly average tide range平均历时average tidal duration平均历时注解码remark code of average tidal duration施测日期beginning date of measurement 测次号observation number垂线号numbers of typical verticals 起点距distance from initial point河底高程river bed elevation 河底高程注解码remark code of river bed elevation 测时水位stage during observation测时水位注解码remark code of stage during observation垂线方位vertical azimuth断面名称及位置cross section name and location 测次说明note引用施测日期date of quoted observation 引用测次号number of quoted observation 引用起始起点距beginning distance from initial point引用终止起点距end distance from initial point岸别符号bank symbol 痕迹类型trace type点编号point code 点详细位置point detailed location点东经point east longitude 点北纬point north latitude点高程point elevation 点参数point parameter指认人及印象witness man's impression目击和旁证可靠等级reliability rank of witness痕迹和标志物可靠等级reliability level of trace or flag估计误差范围estimation error range 调查日期investigation date起始年beginning year 起始月beginning month起始日beginning day 起始时beginning hour起始分beginning minute 终止年end year终止月end month 终止日end day终止时end hour 终止分end minute雨情描述description of rainfall information 重现期Recurrence Interval重现期统计截止年cut-off year of statistics of recurrence interval目击和水痕可靠等级reliability rank of witness or trace承雨器障碍物可靠等级reliability level of rain collector barrier before rainfall承雨器雨前可靠等级reliability level of rain collector before rainfall承雨器漫溢渗漏可靠等级reliability level of loss quantity of rain collector seepage or overflow 水位可靠等级reliability level of stage 水流边界flow boundary推算流量方法method of discharge computation推算流量资料可靠等级reliability level of data used in discharge computation推算流量方法可靠等级reliability level of method of discharge computation推算流量成果合理性等级reliability level of discharge computation次水量water volume of one flood 水情描述description of hydrological information 流量施测号数number of discharge observation测流起时间beginning time of flow measurment测流止时间end time of flow measurement测流方法Method of flow measurement 基本水尺水位base gage stage流量注解码remark code of discharge 断面总面积total of cross section area断面过水面积wetted cross-section area 断面面积注解码remark code of cross section area 断面平均流速average flow velocity at a cross-section断面最大流速maximum flow velocity at a cross-section水面宽top width断面平均水深Average water depth at cross section断面最大水深maximum water depth水浸冰冰底宽ice bottom width 水浸冰冰底平均水深ice bottom average depth水浸冰冰底最大水深ice bottom maximum depth水面比降surface slope 糙率roughness时段类别category of interval 水量类别category of water quantity水量water quantity 水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity 年实测水量占比percent of observation water-quantity in total水量计算方法可靠等级reliability level of estimation method of water quantity水量成果合理性等级fitness rank of water quantity data起时间闸(坝)上水位upstream stage of beginning time起时间闸(坝)上水位注解码remark code of upstream stage at beginning time起时间闸(坝)下水位downstream stage at beginning time起时间闸(坝)下水位注解码remark code of downstream stage of beginning time最大流量出现时间Occurring Time of Maxmum Discharge实测蓄水变量observed water storage 调查蓄水变量investigation storage实测灌溉还原水量observed restoring water quantity in irrigation调查灌溉还原水量restoring water quantity of investigation in irrigation水平梯田拦蓄地面径流量surface water runoff catched by level terraced field工业生活还原水量restoring water quantity of industrial water or domestic water实测工业生活还原水量observed water quantity of industrial water or domestic water区内除涝排水量water quantity of waterlogging control in zone实测区内除涝排水量observed water quantity of waterlogging control in zone跨流域引水量water quantity of interbasin transfer实测跨流域引水量observed water quantity of interbasin transfer跨区回归水量return flow in cross zone实测跨区回归水量observed return flow in cross zone跨区回归水量测算方法estimation method of return flow in cross zone跨区溃坝水量water quantity of cross zone dam-break实测跨区溃坝水量observed water quantity of cross zone dam-break跨区溃坝水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity of cross zone dam-break溃坝还原水量restoring water quantity in dam-break跨区分洪水量water quantity of cross zone flood diversion实测跨区分洪水量observed water quantity of cross zone flood diversion跨区分洪水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity of cross zone flood diversion分洪还原水量restoring water quantity of flood diversion跨区决口水量water quantity of cross zone branching实测跨区决口水量observed water quantity of cross zone branching跨区决口水量测算方法estimation method of water quantity of cross zone branching决口还原水量restoring water quantity of bursting暗河交换水量exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量估算方法method of estimating exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量参证站相似程度similar level of bench-mark station of exchanged water volume between underground rivers暗河交换水量平衡程度balance level of exchange water between underground rivers跨区渗漏水量water quantity of cross zone seepage浅层地下水还原水量restoring water quantity of shallow groundwater实测浅层地下水还原水量observed restoring water quantity of shallow underground water浅层地下水还原水量测算方法estimation method of restoring water quantity of shallow groundwater深层地下水还原水量restoring water quantity of deep-layer groundwater实测深层地下水还原水量observed restoring water quantity of deep layer underground water深层地下水还原水量测算方法restoring water quantity of deep-layer groundwater泉水出露量capacity of spring 总进水量total inflow runoff总出水量total outflow runoff 降水总量precipitation蒸散发总量total evapotranspiration蓄水水面蒸发增损水量water quantity extracted by evaporation on water surface出口水体起时间水位stage of overflow water body at beginning time出口水体起时间蓄水量storage of overflow water body at beginning time输沙率施测号数number of sediment discharge observation测沙起时间beginning time of sediment concentration measurement测沙止时间end time of sediment concentration measurement测沙断面位置location of cross section for sediment concentration measurement取样方法sampling method断面平均含沙量average sediment concentration at cross-section断面平均含沙量注解码remark code of average sediment concentration at cross section单样含沙量index sediment concentration单样含沙量测验方法observational method of index sediment concentration悬移质输沙率suspended sediment discharge悬移质输沙率注解码remark code of suspended sediment discharge推移质输沙率bed load sediment discharge推移质输沙率注解码remark code of bed load sediment discharge单样推移质输沙率index bed load sediment discharge推移质平均底速average velocity of bed load推移带宽度width of bed load sediment discharge断面平均单宽输沙率average sediment discharge in unit width at cross section垂线最大输沙率maximum vertical sediment discharge垂线最大输沙率相应起点距distance of maximum vertical sediment discharge from initial point 单断沙码code of index or cross sectional sediment起始施测号begin observation number 终止施测号end observation number取样起时间beginning time of sampling 取样止时间end time of sampling沙重百分数sediment weight percent 最大颗粒重量sediment maximum particle weight 最大颗粒起点距distance from initial point where measuring the maximum particle平均沉速mean settling velocity 施测水温water temperature at measurement粒径分析方法analysis method of particle side 注解码remark code沙量类别category of silt-quantity 沙量silt-quantity沙量测算方法estimation method of silt-quantity年实测沙量占比percent of observation silt-quantity in total沙量测算方法可靠等级reliability level of estimation method of silt-quantity沙量成果合理性等级reliability level of silt-quantity data水量资料可靠等级reliability level of water quantity source冲淤量sediment quantity of scour-silt实测冲淤量observed sediment quantity of scour-silt灌溉挟沙量silt-quantity taked through irrigation实测灌溉挟沙量observed sediment discharge of irrigation工业生活挟沙量sediment discharge of industrial water or domestic water实测工业生活挟沙量observed sediment discharge of industrial water or domestic water跨流域引水挟沙量silt-quantity taked through interbasin transfer实测跨流域引水挟沙量observed sediment quantity taked by interbasin transfer溃坝冲淤量sediment quantity of scour-silt in dam-break实测溃坝冲淤量observed silt-quantity of scour-silt in dam-break分洪冲淤量sediment quantity of scour-silt in flood diversion实测分洪冲淤量observed silt-quantity of scour or sedimentation in flood diversion决口冲淤量degradation or sedimentation in bursting实测决口冲淤量observed sediment quantity of scour-silt in branching总进沙量total inflow silt-quantity 总出沙量total outflow silt-quantity测次起时间beginning time of observation测次止时间end time of observation 测验断面位置location of cross section冰流量ice discharge 冰流量注解码remark code of ice discharge 断面平均疏密度average ice compaction at cross section断面平均冰厚或冰花厚average depth of ice or frazil slush at cross section敞露水面宽open water width断面平均冰花密度density of frazil slush at cross section冰花折算系数adjustment factor of frazil slush测流断面位置location of cross section代表垂线平均流速average velocity on typical vertical潮流量注解码remark code of tidal discharge代表垂线号number of typical velocity vertical代表垂线流速velocity of typical vertical潮流期编号number of duration of tidal current潮流期起时间beginning time of duration of tidal current潮流期止时间end time of duration of tidal current测流前低潮潮位low tidal level before flow measurement测流前低潮潮位出现时间Occuring time of the low tidal level before flow measurement高潮潮位high tidal level高潮潮位出现时间occurring time of high tidal level低潮潮位low tidal level低潮潮位出现时间occurring time of low tidal level开始落憩潮位tidal level at beginning of ebb slack tide涨潮憩流潮位flood slack tidal stage涨潮憩流潮位出现时间occurring time of flood slack tide终止落憩潮位tidal stage at end of ebb slack tide涨潮潮差flood tidal range 涨潮最大流速maximum velocity of flood tide 涨潮潮量flood tidal volume 涨潮潮量注解码remark code of flood tidal volume 涨潮潮流历时flood tidal current duration涨潮平均流量average discharge of flood tide涨潮平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge of flood tide落潮潮差ebb tide range 落潮潮量ebb tidal volume落潮最大流速maximum velocity of ebb tide落潮潮量注解码remark code of ebb tidal volume落潮潮流历时ebb tidal current duration 落潮平均流量average discharge of ebb tide 落潮平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge of ebb tide净泄量net outflow volume 开闸时间opening gate time关闸时间closing gate time 开闸前稳定水位stable stage before sluicing 闸上最高水位Maximum stage in Sluice Upstream闸上最低水位Minimum stage in Sluice Upstream闸下水位Stage in Sluice Downstream 水位差stage difference有效潮差effective tidal range 一潮总水量total water volume of single tide 一潮总水量注解码remark code of total water volume of single tide一潮历时duration of single tide一潮平均流量average discharge of single tide一潮平均流量注解码remark code of average discharge of single tide一潮最大流量maximum discharge of single tide一潮最大流量注解码remark code of maximum discharge of single tide自变量名name of independent variable 自变量值value of independent variable调查报告标题investigation report title 调查项目investigation item调查年份investigation year 编写年份redaction year调查单位investigation office 主编单位Chief editorial unit调查报告内容investigation report contents 调查报告格式investigation report format 表标识table ID时间残缺记录编号number of time deformity record字段标识field identifier 取值value率定次序号serial number of rating 闸上水头head in Sluice Upstream闸下水头Head in Sluice Downstream闸门开启平均高度operation height of gate opening闸门开启平均高度注解码remark code of operation height of gate opening闸门开启孔数count of operation gate opening 闸门开启总宽total width of gate-openings 平均堰宽average width of weir闸孔过水面积area of wetted cross section of gate openings实测流量observed discharge实测流量注解码remark code of observed discharge流态flow regime流量计算公式编号formula number of discharge calculation流量系数discharge coefficient流量系数注解码remark code of discharge coefficient水闸型式weir and sluice type 翼墙形式wing wall type平均引水角average driving angle 闸上河宽upsluice river width闸下河宽river width in sluice downstream 闸门型式weir gate type闸底高程elevation of sluice bottom 堰顶高程elevation of weir crest堰顶形状shape of weir crest 总孔数total number of gate openings单孔宽single gate opening width of weir gate单孔宽注解码remark code of gate opening width of weir gate平均孔宽average of gate opening width 总孔宽total width of gate opening闸门高度gate height 平均开度average gate opening height闸墩厚thickness of pier 机组号group number of machines站上水位upstation stage 站下水位downstation stage站上水头upstation head 开机功率electric power generated or consumed 开机台数count of machines in operation开机叶片角度vane angle of machines in operation叶轮直径impeller diameter 实际转速practical speed of revolution出水阀过水面积wetted area of outlet valve效率计算公式编号formula number of efficiency calculation效率值efficiency value 效率值注解码remark code of efficiency value 机型machine type 装机台数count of machine出水管路断面面积wetted area of pipe line cross section标定转速rated speed of revolution 单机额定功率single rated power单机设计流量single design discharge 设计扬程design lift驼峰底高hump bottom elevation 起排水位begining pumping stage关系线类别relation curve category 线号curve number因变量名dependent variable定线数据起时间beginning time of the data for determining a relation curve定线数据止时间end time of routing location data定线数据下限自变量值routing location lower limit independent variable定线数据上限自变量值routing location upper limit independent variable线参数表达式curve parameter expression 关系图名chart name适用期起时间beginning time of application 适用期止时间end time of application定线点据总数amount of points for determining a relation curve定线方法method of determining a relation curve 系统误差systematic error随机不确定度random error 线上采样点编号curve sample point number 采样点自变量值curve sample point independent variable采样点因变量值curve sample point dependent variable计量单位unit name 记录定位标识record location identifier原值original value 改正值corrected value处理日期date of correction 处理情况说明correction explanation入库标识identifier of reservoir inflow 注解符号remark symbolASCII值numeric ASCII Code 注解符号类型remark symbol type注解含义meaning of remark 表号table number表中文名table name in Chinese 表英文名table name in English字段中文名field name in Chinese 字段英文名field name in English字段类型及长度field type and field length 空值属性attribute of "null"计量单位unit name 取值范围value range主键属性attribute of primary key 农历年lunar year农历月lunar month 农历日lunar day农历年名name of lunar year 农历月名name of lunar month农历日名name of lunar day 行政区划名administration division name。
水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇
水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇1. Hydrological Cycle and Budget1.水文循环与预算Hydrology is an earth science. It encompasses the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of the waters of the earth and their environmental relations. Closely allied fields include geology, climatology, meteorology and oceanography.水文学是一门地球科学。
它包含地球水资源的发生、分布、运动和特质，以及其环境关系。
与之密切相关领域包括地质学，气候学，气象学和海洋学。
The hydrologic cycle is a continuous process by which water is transported from the oceans to the atmosphere to the land and back to the sea. Many sub-cycles exist. The evaporation of inland water and its subsequent precipitation over land before returning to the ocean is one example. The driving force for the global water transport system is provided by the sun, which furnishes the energy required for evaporation. Note that the water quality also changes during passage through the cycle; for example, sea water is converted to fresh water through evaporation.水文循环是一个连续的过程，在这个过程中水从海洋被运输到大气中，降落到陆地，然后回到海洋。
水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇
水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇1.Hydrological Cycle and Budget1.水文循环与预算Hydrology is an earth science. It encompasses the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of the waters of the earth and their environmental relations. Closely allied fields include geology, climatology, meteorology and oceanography.水文学是一门地球科学。
它包含地球水资源的发生、分布、运动和特质，以及其环境关系。
与之密切相关领域包括地质学，气候学，气象学和海洋学。
The hydrologic cycle is a continuous process by which water is transported from the oceans to the atmosphere to the land and back to the sea. Many sub-cycles exist. The evaporation of inland water and its subsequent precipitation over land before returning to the ocean is one example. The driving force for the global water transport system is provided by the sun, which furnishes the energy required for evaporation. Note that the water quality also changes during passage through the cycle; for example, sea water is converted to fresh water through evaporation.水文循环是一个连续的过程，在这个过程中水从海洋被运输到大气中，降落到陆地，然后回到海洋。
水文与水资源英语
水文与水资源英语English:Hydrology is the science that studies the movement, distribution,and quality of water on Earth. It involves examining the occurrence, circulation, and properties of water in the atmosphere, on the surface, and below the ground. Hydrologists use various techniques such as remote sensing, laboratory analysis, and computer modeling to understand how water behaves in different environments. Understanding the water cycle, the impact of climate change on water resources, and the management of water for agriculture, industry, and urban areas are key aspects of hydrology. It also plays a crucial role in predicting floods, droughts, and water-related disasters, and in developing sustainable water management strategies.中文翻译:水文学是研究地球上水的运动、分布和质量的科学。
它涉及研究大气中、地表和地下水的出现、循环和特性。
水文学家使用各种技术，如遥感、实验室分析和计算机模拟，来了解水在不同环境中的行为。
大学专业英语阅读教程(给水排水与环境工程)
大学专业英语阅读教程（给水排水与环境工程）单词总结同济大学出版社－李田编著arlex7577 整理part I Water resource and regi slationunit 1 The Hydrologic Cycle1、hydrol ogy 水文学、水文地理学2、hydrol ogic=hydrol ogical3、hydrol ogic cycle 水文循环4、freshwater 淡水的、河水的5、fresh water 淡水、湖水6、precipitate 沉降、下沉7、evaporate 使蒸发、消失8、dewpoint 结露点9、droplet 小滴10、Ideal Gas Law 理想气体定律11、orographic 山岳的、山形的12、terrane 岩层13、convective 传送的、对流的14、schematic 示意的15、diagram 图表、图解16、hydraulic 水力的、水力学的17、precipitation 降水、降雨量、沉淀18、transpiration 蒸发（物）、植物蒸腾作用19、depict 描述、描写20、diagrammatically 用图解法地21、physical works 实际构筑物22、meterologi st 气象学者23、hydrologist 水文学者24、hail （下）冰雹25、sleet 冰雪、雨加雪26、snowpack 积雪场27、thaw 解冻28、discard 丢弃、放弃29、environmental 环境的、周围的30、marketable 时宜销售的31、isolated 隔离的、孤立的32、Madi son avenue 纽约麦迪逊大街unit 2 The World Fresh Water Resource33、integral 整体的、构成整体所需要的34、ecological 生态学的35、harbor 隐匿、庇护36、aquatic 水的、水生的、水憩的37、ecosystem 生态系统38、species 物种、式样39、aqueduct 沟渠、导水管40、desalinate 去处盐分、海水淡化41、arid 干旱的、贫瘠的42、iceberg 冰山、冷冰冰的人43、reverse 相反、颠倒、相反的、颠倒的44、aquifer （土壤）含水层、蓄水层45、rudimentary 根本的、未发展的46、malaria 疟疾、瘴气47、typhoid 伤寒症、伤寒的48、cholera 霍乱49、wetland 湿地、沼泽地50、habitat （动植物）的生活环境。
水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇
水利水电工程专业英语—-水文与水资源篇1。
Hydrological Cycle and Budget1。
水文循环与预算Hydrology is an earth science。
It encompasses the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of the waters of the earth and their environmental relations. Closely allied fields include geology, climatology, meteorology and oceanography。
水文学是一门地球科学。
它包含地球水资源的发生、分布、运动和特质,以及其环境关系。
与之密切相关领域包括地质学，气候学，气象学和海洋学。
The hydrologic cycle is a continuous process by which water is transported from the oceans to the atmosphere to the land and back to the sea。
Many sub-cycles exist。
The evaporation of inland water and its subsequent precipitation over land before returning to the ocean is one example. The driving force for the global water transport system is provided by the sun，which furnishes the energy required for evaporation。
Note that the water quality also changes during passage through the cycle；for example, sea water is converted to fresh water through evaporation。
水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇
水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇1. Hydrological Cycle and Budget1.水文循环与预算Hydrology is an earth science. It encompasses the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of the waters of the earth and their environmental relations. Closely allied fields include geology, climatology, meteorology and oceanography.水文学是一门地球科学。
它包含地球水资源的发生、分布、运动和特质，以及其环境关系。
与之密切相关领域包括地质学，气候学，气象学和海洋学。
The hydrologic cycle is a continuous process by which water is transported from the oceans to the atmosphere to the land and back to the sea. Many sub-cycles exist. The evaporation of inland water and its subsequent precipitation over land before returning to the ocean is one example. The driving force for the global water transport system is provided by the sun, which furnishes the energy required for evaporation. Note that the water quality also changes during passage through the cycle; for example, sea water is converted to fresh water through evaporation.水文循环是一个连续的过程，在这个过程中水从海洋被运输到大气中，降落到陆地，然后回到海洋。
水利水文术语表中英对照
.水圈 hydrosphere 稳渗 steady infiltration下渗能力水体 water body infiltration capability河川径流 river runoff 水科学 water science降雨径流 rainfall runoff 水文学 hydrology暴雨径流 land hydrology storm runoff 陆地水文学融雪径流snowmelt runoff 应用水文学 applied hydrology枯季径流 engineering hydrology dry season runoff 工程水文学基流 base flow 水汽 water vapour阴塞高压 hydrologic elements blocking high 水文要素低空急流low－level jet 积雪 snow cover低涡 vortex终雪 latest snow反气旋（高压）融雪 snowmelt anticyclone气旋（低压） hailcyclone 冰雹热带气旋 tropic cyclone 截留 interception热带低压填洼 depression detention tropic depression热带风暴地面滞留 surface detention tropic storm强热带风暴 severe tropic storm 陆面蒸发 evaporation of land 气团 evaporation of water surface 水面蒸发 air mass锋（锋面） front 土壤蒸发 evaporation from soil气象 transpiration 散发（植物蒸腾） meteorology气候区划蒸发能力 evaporation capability climaticregionalizationclimatic zone下渗（入渗） infiltration气候带..小气候 microclimate界河 boundary river废河道（古河道） dead river 副热带（亚热带）subtropic zone凹岸 concave bank 比湿 specific humidity凸岸 Beaufort wind scale convex bank 蒲福风级岸壁霜点 frost point land wall水边线（岸线） water line 霜冻 frostbite堤防－free period levee 无霜期 frost河长 river length 流域watershed (basin)河弯 river bend 闭合流域 enclosed basin弯曲率 tortuosity 不闭合流域 non－enclosed basin航道 bling drainage area navigable channel 闭流区（流区）河段分水线（分水岭） dividereach潜洲特几流域何征 basin submerged bar geometric水利学 hydraulicscharacteristics明渠水力学 resurgence open channel hydraulics 河道复流（河道再生）水静力学 perennial stream hydrostatics 常年河水动力学hydrodynamics 间歇河 intermittent stream明渠水流悬河（地上河） elevated stream open channel flow恒定流 steady flow 夺流河（断头河） captured river非恒定流盈水河 gaining stream unsteady flow均匀流（等速流） losing stream uniform flow 亏水河uniform flow － flashy stream暴洪河流 non非均匀流（变速流）..急流 supercritical flow 流域产沙量 watershed sediment yield 溶解性总固体缓流 subcritical flow total dissolved solids离子含量 ion concentration 异重流 density current离子总量 total ion concentration 临界流 critical flow离子流量 critical depth ion discharge 临界水深矿化度临界流速critical velocity mineral content盐度临界流量 critical discharge salinity碱度水头 headalkalinity酸度位置水头（位能） elevation head acidity电导率低强水头（压能） pressure head electric conductivity混浊度（浊度） turbidity velocity head 流速水头（动能）总需氧量total oxygen demand 雷诺数 Reymold number溶解氧 Weber number 韦伯数 dissolved oxygen需氧量 hydraulic factor oxygen demand水力因素生化需氧量湿周 biochemical oxygen demand wetted perimeter滑雪需氧量 hydraulic radius 水力半径 chemical oxygen demand 硬度 width宽深比－ hardnessdepth ratio非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度） fall落差 non－carbonatehardness驻波 standing wave浮冰移动波 translation wave floating ice锚冰 anchor iceriver dynamics 河流动力学up period－ torrential erosion山洪侵蚀 freeze封冻期..封冻（封河） freeze－up 引潮力 tidal generation force天文潮－up astronomic tide 平封 flat freeze气象潮 metorologic tide 立封 upright freeze－up潮汐周期 tidal cycle 冰盖 ice cover半日潮 grounded ice cover semidiurnal tide 连底冻全日潮冰丘ice mounddiurnal tide混合潮up mixed tide 封冻冰缘 ice edge of freeze－大潮 spring tide 清沟 lead小潮 primary lead neap tide 初生清沟中潮 moderate tide 再生清沟 secondary lead太阴月 lunar day 冰花路毡 sludge road felt潮期 snow cover over ice duration of tide冰上覆雪涨潮历时冰脊 ice ridge duration of tidal rise落潮历时 duration of tidal fall 冰缝 crack潮流 suspended ice cover tidal current悬冰涨潮流 ice pack flood tidal current 冰堆落潮流 ebb tidal current 冰塞 ice jam憩流冰上结冰 aufeisslack tide潮流速 tidal velocity up period－解冻期 break往复流 reversing current 冰变色 color change of ice cover旋转流 accumulation of melt water 冰上有水 rotary currentduration of tidal current月中天 lunar transit潮流期..涨潮流历时 duration of flood current 导水系数(释水系数）coefficient of transmissivity 地下水流速 velocity of groundwater flow贮水系数 storativity地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）水位传导系数（水力扩散系数） hydraulic gradient of groundwater coefficient of water table conductivity －table contour 地下水等水位线图 water压力传导系数 mapcoefficient of pressure conductivity aquifer含水层持水度 water－含水岩系 water－content rock series holdingcapacity土壤水分常数－content rock formation soil moisture constants 含水岩组 water土壤吸湿系数含水岩性 water－content rock propertyabsorption coefficient ofsoil moisturehearing medium 含水介质 water－凋萎系数 wilting coefficient 均匀介质 homogeneous medium田间持水量 field capacity 非均匀介质 inhomogeneous medium毛管断裂含水量 aquifer boundary 含水层边界moisture content at capillary rupture 透水边界 permeable boundary最大水分吸水量 confining boundary 隔水边界maximum molecular moisture content 弱透水边界 acquitted boundary零通量面法透水层 permeable bed zero flux plane method潜水 phreatic water隔水层 confining bed降水入渗补给 acquitter弱透水层 precipitation recharge降水水文地质参数 hydrogeological parameters 入渗补给系数coefficient ofprecipitation recharge渗透系数 permeability coefficient..地表水补给 surface water recharge 贫营养湖泊 poornutrient lake 湖流 lake current 凝结水补给 condensation recharge梯度流 gradient current 侧向补给 lateral recharge漂流 current of friction 越流补给 leakage recharge湖泊波漾（假湖） lake seiche 数 irrigation recharge 补灌溉给系湖泊增减水 lake wind denivellation coefficient of groundwater 湖泊率潜水蒸发 phreatic water evaporation lake ratio湖泊补给系数 recharge coefficient depth 深蒸潜水发临界度critical of oflakephreatic water evaporation湖泊换水周期 lake residence period phreatic water overflow to 潜水溢出量湖盆surfacelake basin湖面高程 elevation of 潜水位 phreatic water levelwater level in lake岛屿率 buried depth of phreatic water insulosity 潜水埋深湖泊分层levellake layering正温层潜度thickness direct thermal stratification of phreatic 厚水含水层逆温层water aquifer inverse thermal stratification湖泊形态参数 morphometric parameter of endorheic lake 流湖lakefresh lake 淡水湖高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽） salt lake 咸水湖 main level mire中位沼泽（中营养沼泽） saline lake盐湖 medium level mire沼泽水量平衡 seasonal lake 季节性湖泊 water balance of miremire watereutrophic lake富营养湖泊沼泽水..沼泽蒸发 mire evaporation 遥测仪器 remote telemetry unit固态存贮器 solid storage 沼泽径流 mire runoff计数器 surface flow of mire counter 沼泽表面流记录器沼泽表层流surface layer flow of mire recorder显示器 moisture property of mire 沼泽含水性 display unit平均无故障工作时间沼泽持水性 water retention of miremean time between failures 沼泽透水性 perviousness of mire 相应水位沼泽率 mire ratio equivalent stage水文测站 glacier冰川 hydrometric station基本站 basic station 山地冰川（山岳冰川） mountain glacier辅助站 auxiliary station valley glacier 谷冰川专用站tail glacier broad－ special station宽尾冰川水文试验站 cirque glacier 冰斗冰川hydraulicexperimentalstation悬冰川 hanging glacier基准水文站 bench mark hydrologic glacier （山麓冰川）贯通冰川penetrating station水文气象站 hydrometeorology station ice field冰原巡测站 equilibrium line of glacier 冰川平衡线 tour gauging station水文站委托观测 gauging station entrust gauging雨量站网 hydrologic instrument 水文仪器 rain gauging network 水面蒸发站网 direct直读仪器－reading instrumentwater surface evaporation network 器记自仪recording －automatic stage gauging networkinstrument水位站网..泥沙站网 sediment gauging network temporary measuring cross －section水文缆道水质站网 water quality network hydrometric cableway 悬索缆道 suspended cableway 地下水观测井网悬杆缆道groundwater voservation well network suspended rod cableway机动缆道站网规划 hydrologic network planning motorized cableway手动缆道 hand水文分区 hydrologic regionalization －operating cableway循环索站网布设 network layout loop cable起重索 suspension cable 容许最稀站网 minimum network水文缆车 station required age hydrometric cable car 设站年限吊船过河索 datumcableway for anchoring boat 基面缆道测验仪临时水准点 temporary benchmark cableway measuring device水文测船section hydrometric boat 测验断面 measuring cross－水文测桥 hydrometric bridge －基本水尺断面 basic gauge crosssection桥测车 gauging vehicle on bridge 流速仪测流断面水文巡测车－section meter measuring crosscurrent－tour gauging vehicle for hygrometry crossfloat 面流标浮测断measuring －雨量器sectionraingauge承水器面尺水降比断－crossslope measuring raingauge receiver 量杯 measuring glasssection渠积雨量器 accumulative raingauge 辅助水尺断面雨量计－secondary gauging crosssection rainfall recordersiphon rainfall recorder临时测流断面虹吸式雨量计..翻斗式雨量计钩形水尺 hook gauge最高水位水尺 crest stage gauge tipping－bucket rainfall recorder校核水尺 check gauge －term rainfall recorder 长期雨量计 long基本水尺断面telemetering 测雨量计 rainfall basic gauge 遥辅助水尺断面 auxiliary gauge recorder比降水尺断面monitoring slope gauge precipitation测雨雷达－临时水尺radartemporary gauge水位计 stage gauge 雪量线 snow gauge自记水位计 rain and snow recorder stage recorder雨雪量计浮子式水位计 float－蒸发量 evaporationtype stage recorder压力蒸发量观测 evaporation observation 式水位计 pressure－type stagerecorder蒸发量折算系数超声波水位计 ultrasonic stage recorder reduction coefficient of evaporation遥测水位计 telemetering stage recorder screen ratio 遮挡率接触试水位 evaporation pan蒸发器计 contact－type stagerecorder小型蒸发器（蒸发皿） small evaporation远传水位计 telecontrol stage recorder pan自记水位计台型蒸发器601E－ stage recorderinstallation evaporation pan of type E601 －静水井 stilling well 漂浮蒸发器 floating evaporation pan测得水深 measured depth evaporimeter蒸发计 effective depth遇测蒸发计 telemetering evaporimeter有效水深..相对水深 relative depthdistribution水面流速分布 surface mean depth at a cross断面平均水深－velocitycoefficientsection顺流 downstream flow 干绳改正 air line correction逆流 upstream flow湿绳改正 wet line correction流速脉动 velocity pulsation velocity measurement 测点流速中泓流速 midstream测速垂线 surface velocity流向测量 flow水面流速 velocity at a point －direction measurement体积法 cubature 测点流速 maximum point velocity流速仪measuring － current－meter 速大最测点流 velocity转子式流速仪verticalrotating－element current－meter velocity 垂线平均流速 mean at a vertical旋杯式流速仪 cup－type current－meter 部分平均流速 mean velocity at a segment旋桨式流速仪velocity －速crosssection propeller－type current－流平断面均meterdistribution电波流速仪浮标流速 point velocity coefficient electric wave current－meter超声波剖面流速仪 surface velocity coefficient 中泓流速ultrasonic profile current velocity distribution －meter 流速分布多普勒流速仪 Doppler current velocity gradient流速梯度－meter参证流速仪vertical 分速流垂线布 reference currentvelocity －meter流量计distributionflow meterVenturi flow meter流面断cross 布分速section －velocity文杜里水流计..毕托管 Pitot tube淹没比 submergence ratio淹没系数 submergence coefficient current－meter calibration 流速仪检定流速系数 calibration tank velocity coefficient 检定槽流量系数检定车 calibration carriage discharge coefficient 稀释法测流 dilution method for discharge 水面浮标 surface float measurement small float 小浮标示踪剂双浮标 double floattracer标准溶液浮杆 float－rodstandard solution背景浓度堰顶高程 elevation of weir crest backgroundconcentrationsolutionweir head 堰顶水头稀释比 dilution ratio水工建筑物测流推移质flow measurement by hydraulic structure 输沙率测验 bedload dischargemeasurement闸门开启高度 gate opening器策法 sampling method approach channel 行近河槽坑测法approach velocity 行近流速 pit method沙波法 weir flow 堰流 dune tracking method床沙测验 bed material measurement flow regime 流态照相法自由流free flow photographic method打印法淹没流 stamp pad method submerged flow床沙采样器submerged flow － bed material sampler half半淹没流悬移质采样器 sluice flow 孔流 suspended sediment samplerinstantaneous samplerjet flow射流瞬时式采样器..积时式采样器 time－integrating sampler 平均沉速 mean settling velocity絮凝 flocculation 瓶式采样器 bottled sampler反凝剂 collapsible sample defloeculant 皮囊式采样器粒径泵式采样器 pumping samplerparticle diameter中数粒径adjustable pressure median particle diameter 调压式采样器平均粒径 mean particle diameter sampler等容粒径 nominal diameter 同位素测沙仪投影粒径concentrationprojected diameterradioisotope sediment三轴平均粒径 meter triaxial mean particlediameter 光电测沙仪几何平均粒径concentration photoelectric sedimentgeometric mean particle diameter meter筛析粒径振动式测沙仪 sieve diameter沉降粒径 settling diameter concentration vibrational sediment meter粒径组推移质采样器 bed load sampler fraction of particle size 颗粒级配网式采样器 basket grain－size distribution －typesampler颗粒级配曲线 grain－吸管 pipetsize distributioncurve photoelectric particle size 光电颗分仪单样颗粒级配meterindex sample grain hydrometer 比重计（密度计）－size distribution垂线平均颗粒级配泥沙沉降 sediment settlinga沉降速度in distribution size settling velocity－grainmean..vertical封冻历时 freeze－up duration水浸冰厚 thickness of immersed ice －section 对照断面 check cross敲露水面宽 open控制断面 control cross－section －water width冰流量 attenuation cross－section ice discharge 消减断面等深点流速改正法水样保存 water－sample preservationrevised isobath－velocity method 检出率 detected ratio流速过程线改正法－超标率 overlimit ratiorevised velocity－hydrograph method 痕迹量 trace有效潮差 nonreadout significant tidal range 未检出负波高回收率recovery rationegative wave height水库水文测验溶解气体采样器 dissolved gases sampler hygrometry of reservoir入库水量冰情观测 iceregime observation reservoir inflow －出库水量固定点冰厚测址 reservoir outflow水库供水fixed－ reservoir water supply point ice thickness measurement水库弃水visual observation of ice 测情冰目surplus water released frome reservoir regime水库渗漏量冰情符号 reservoir seepage volume ice code水库蓄水regime charta － ice冰情图变量 variation of reservoir storage－ first初冰日期ice date水库蓄水变率－ freeze封冰日期 rate of reservoir storage up date change解冻日期－ breakup datestage behind damend ice date终冰日期坝上水位..库区水位 stage in reservoir region runoff径流场sedimentation runoff plot测量 reservoir 水库淤积人工降雨装置surveyartificial rainfall device蒸发实验研究淤水库积量 reservoir sedimentationexperimental research in evaporation volume蒸发池 evaporation tank 地形法 method of topographic survey 土壤蒸发器section survey soil evaporator 断面法 method of cross－蒸散器淤积形 evapotranspirometerreservoir morphology of 态农田蒸发器depositionevaporator for agriculturalland淤积三角洲 sedimentation delta蒸渗仪reservoir lysimeterof 度淤积物密 dry density地下水均衡场depositiongroundwater balance plot合理性检查调查 rational examination hydrologic 文溶岩地区水电算整编 processing by computer investigation in karst areas 水文年鉴 water year－surface 面集地实际表水积actual book测站考证 station examination colleting area站年 station year 水文实验研究极值 extreme valueexperimental research in hydrology加权平均法 weighted mean method representative basin 代表流域断流水位 stage of zero flow experimental basin 实验流域河干similar basin相似流域 river of zero flowhydrograph径流实验研究 experimental research in水文过程线..水文综合过程线 synthetic hydrograph computation for a single tide水位流量关系 single－valued processing 等值线 isoplethof stage－分布曲线 distribution curvedischarge relation关系曲线延长征特值 hydrologic characteristic extension of relation curve 水文流率表 rating tablevalue单断沙径流总量 total runoff 关系 index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation 径流模数 runoff modulus单断沙关系曲线径流系数 runoff coefficient 法 index and cross－section 洪峰 flood peakaerage sediment concentrationrelation curve method洪水流量 peak discharge水位单洪水总量 flood volume断沙比关系曲线法 stage versusratio of index and 输沙模数 modulus of sediment runoff cross －section averagesediment －水位流量关系 stagedischarge relation concentrationrelation curvemethodchronological method 连时序法单断沙比过程线法绳套曲线 loopcurvehydrograph method ofindex discharge and crosshydrograph －section average 法线过量流程sediment concentration ratiomethod单样过程线法潮汐要素法 tidal factor relation method hydrograph method of indexsediment concentration 定潮汐要素法真值constant tidal factor relation method true value测量值（实测值） coaxial correlation method 合轴相关法 measuredvaluemost probable value法流潮一推of method discharge最或然值..绝对误差 absolute error 结点 node水文数据库 hydrologic data base 相对误差 relative error水文基本数据库 hydrologic 插机误差（偶然误差） random error basicdatabase允许误差 permissible error湖泊水文预报 spurious hydrologic firecasting of 伪误差（粗差）lake方差 variance施工水文预报标准差 standard deviationhydrologic forecasting for construction 相对标准差 relativestandard deviationperiod离差（偏差） deviation潮汐预报 tidal prediction闭合差 closure error旱情预报 soil moisture forecasting 平差 adjustment地下水动态预报精密度 precisiongroundwater regime forecasting correctness准确度预见期差误） forecast lead time measuring 型（误抽垂线样差M超长期水文预报 vertical sampling errorextendedlong－ distributed type data base 分布式数据库termhydrologicforecastingconcentrated 集中式数据库data type base作业预报网络式数据库 operational forecasting network type data base预报方案层次数据库 laminarization data base forecast scheme 评定标准层次数据模型 accuracy standardlaminarization data model方案合格率网状数据模型 network data model qualified ratio ofschemedeterministic coefficientdata bulk数据量确定性系数..汛 seasonal flood 产流面积 area of runoff yield地表径流（直接径流）伏汛 summer flood direct runoff地面流（坡面流） surface flow of mire 汛期 flood season壤中流 flood defenceprompt subsurface flow 防汛前期影响雨量reporting station antecedent rainfall flood报汛站－土壤缺水量报汛站网 flook－reporting network soil moisture deficit下渗能力曲线（下渗曲线）常年水情站infiltration capability curve perennial hydrologic reporting station初损 initial losses汛期水情站后损（后渗）continuing losses hydrologic reporting stationinflood坡面汇流season overland flow concentration河网汇流（河槽汇流）辅助水清站网river network flow concentration auxiliary hydrologic reporting network地下汇流洪水警报 flood warning groundwater flow concentration 汇流曲线 point rainfall flow concentration curve 点雨量流域汇流曲线 basin flow concentration 面雨量 areal rainfallcurve 泰森多边形 Thiessen polygon坡面汇流曲线等雨量线法 isohyetal methodoverland flow concentration curve 产流 runoff yield河网汇流曲线蓄满产流natural yield runoff at storageriver network flow concentration curve 超渗in yield runoff 流产excess ofinfiltration地下汇流曲线..groundwater flow concentration curve hydrophysical model比尺模型 scale model 流域汇流时间 basin flow concentration比拟模型 analogue modeltime水文数 peak time lag 洪峰滞时学模型 hydrologic mathematic modelbasin time lag 流域滞时水等流滞时 isochrone 文概念模型physically－basedhydrologic mathematic model unit hydrograph单位线水文数学物理模型经验单位线 empiricat unit hydrograph deterministic hydrologic modelsynthetic unit hydrograph 综合单位线确瞬定性水文unit 线instantaneous 模型 stochastic hydrologic 时单位modelhydrograph分散式模型 distributed model 地貌瞬时单位线集总式模型instantaneousunitlumped modelgeomorphologic线性水温模型hydrographlinear hydrologic model非线性水文坡地单位线 slope unit hydrograph 模型 nonlinearhydrologicmodelhydrograph network 河网单位线 river unit时不变水文模型－曲线S S curve－time－unit dimensionless 位单次无因线invariant hydrologic model时变水文模型 time－variant hydrologic hydrographmodel退水曲线 recession curve流域水文数学模型水文模型 hydrologic modelwatershed水文物理模型（水文实体模型）of model mathematic hydrologic..模型结构 model structure 代表站 representative station参证站 bench model parameter －mark station 模型参数典型年（代表年）模型误差 model error typicyear水文系列 hydrologic series 模型率定 model calibration同步系列 model verification synchronous series模型检验系列代表性水文模拟 hydrologic simulation series representativeness柱状图遥测终端机 telemetry terminal meter histogram诺谟图 relay meter 中继机 monogram输沙量计算（固体径流计算）前置通信控制机computation of sediment runoff preset communication controller水库回水计算自报式系统 self－reporting systemcomputation of reservoir backwater 统answerback polling－系答查询－应式水库淤积计算systemcomputation of reservoir sedimentation 混合式系统 mix system 水库下游河道冲刷计算时分制遥测系统computation ofdegradationbelow－timedivision telemetry systemreservoir频分制遥测系统溃坝洪水计算 evaluation of dam break division telemetry system frequency－floodprobability of word error 误码率感潮河段水力计算 receiving probability 接受率 hydraulic calculationfor tidal reach 设计站 design stationsample sizedesign watershed设计流域样本容量..随机变量 random variable analysis设计供水 design flood随机系列 random series溢洪道设计洪水 spillway design flood 累计频率（频率） cumulativefrequency分期设计洪水 stage design flood 经验频率 empirical frequency 施工设计洪水频率曲线）文频水文率分布曲线（水design flood for construction period hydrologic frequency distribution curve 校核洪水 check flood 皮尔逊分布 Pearson distribution实测洪水 observed flood 对数正态分布 log normal distribution 调查洪水 frequency analysis investigated flood 频率分析古洪水随机模拟 stochastic simulation paleoflood坝址洪水时间序列 time seriesdam－site flood入库洪水 reservoir inflow flood 水随机文分析hydrologic stochastic分项调查法 analysisitem－趋势项 trend term by－item investigation method降雨径流模型法 cycle term 周期项rainfall－随机项 stochastictermrunoff model method蒸发差值法 evaporation 调和分析（谐波分析） harmonic analysisdifferencemethod潜分析 spectrum analysis径流年分配 annual distribution of analysis regression 回归分析（相关分析）runoff径流多年变化 multiyear 相关系数 correlation coefficientvariation ofrunoff自回归分析 autoregression analysiswater period归回逐步stepwise 析分－regressionhigh丰水期..平水期 normal－water period correction流域形状改正flow period watershed shape correction 枯水期（枯季） low－水汽改正丰水年 wet yearmoisture correction入流障碍改正 inflow obstacle correction 平水年（中水年） normal year综合改正 dry yearsynthetic correction 枯水年暴雨幅合分量特枯水年 extraordinarydry yearconvergence component of stormcontinuous wet years 连续丰水年地连续枯水年 continuous dry years 形增强因子 topographic increasingfactor水文年鉴 water year等百分数法 design storm pattern isopercental method 设计雨型可能最大洪水 storm trackprobable maximum flood 暴雨路径涝 time distribution of storm surface water logging 暴雨时程分配渍of subsurfacewaterlogging distribution 分暴雨地区布special排涝stormsurface waterlogging control排渍暴雨参数等值线 storm parametric isoline subsurface waterlogging control排涝规划mapwaterlogging control planning排涝标点面换算系数准 standard for waterloggingcontrol－area conversion coefficient point排定点定面关系涝计算computation of waterloggingcontrol －fixed pointfixed area relationship设计排涝流量可能最大露点 probable maximum dew pointdesign discharge for surface drainage暴雨正改置移storm transposition..设计排渍流量 design drainage discharge yield可供水量of subsurface waterlogging control available water supply径流调节设计排涝水位 runoff regulation综合利用水库调节（多目design water level for surface drainage 标水库调节）reservoir regulation for comprehensive 水荒 water famine utilizationwater resources assessment 水资源评价水库调洪 reservoir flood routing 水资源基础评价水库供水调节water resources basic assessmentreservoir regulation for water supply water quantityassessment 水量评价水电站径流调节 water quality assessment 水质评价runoffregulationof地表水资源评价 hydropowerregulationsurface water resources assessment水库反调节水资源评价指标 reregulating reservoir水库群调节indexes of water resources assessment multi－reservoir regulation径流调节计算water of total 量源水资总 amountcomputation of runoff regulation resources时历法（长系列操作法） chronological resources water surface 量资表地水源series methodamount概率法（数理统计法）groundwater resources probability method 量源水下地资随机模拟法 stochastic simulation method amount调节周期可利用量 utilizable waterregulating periodobjective function水下地量采开可 availablegroundwater 目标函数..约束方程 constraint equation 化学径流 chemical runoff环境用水 environmental water 状态变量 state variable环境水文学 decision variable environmental hydrology 决策变量环境水力学数学规划 mathematic programming environmentalhydraulics环境水化学线性规划 linear programming environmentalhydrochemistry地下水超量开采 groundwater overdraft 非线性规划 nonlinear programming人工补给（人工回灌） artificial recharge 水库防洪调度地下水降落漏斗flood control scheduling of reservoir groundwaterdepressionconereservoir time 度库水实时调 real－化学水污染schedulingchemical water pollution无机物水污染 multi水库群调度－reservoir schedulingwater pollution by inorganic substances 水库预报调度有机物水污染reservoir scheduling based on forecastwater pollution by organic substances pumped storage抽水蓄能有毒物质水污染and water of 调水沙度schedulingwater pollution by toxic substances sediment放射性水污染水环境 water environment radioactive waterpollution水环境要素（水环境基质）热污染water environment elements thermal pollution生物水污染水环境背景值（水环境本底值） water pollution by organism富营养化water environmental background value eutrophicationsecondary water pollutionaquatic ecosystem水生态系统次生水污染..地下水污染 groundwater pollution 水环境效益 waterenvironmental effect水污染环境效应 environmental effect of 水污染常规分析指标waterpollutionwater analysis for index of routine水环境pollution 保护 water environmentalprotection水污染遥感监测水质规划remote－sensing monitoring of water water quality planning河流水质规划pollution river water qualityplanningpollutant污染物水污染物迁移 transport of pollutant 库水质规划 reservoirwater qualityplanning机械迁移 physical transport水污染综合防治规划 planning physicochemical 移学－物理化迁 of comprehensive water pollution control transport水源保护区 protection zone artificial pollution source 人为污染源of watersource天然污染源 natural pollution source蒸发污染源调查 investigation of pollution evaporation水位sourcesstage流速污染源控制 velocity pollution source control流量 water quality parameters 水质参数 discharge含沙量水质模型 water quality model sediment concentration 输沙率 water temperature model 水温模型 sediment discharge水温模型水质生物评价 water temperatureice runbiologic assessment of water quality冰凌..水质 water quality 大气环流 atmospheric circulation行星尺度天气系统下垫面 underlying surfaceplanetary scale weather system hydrologic regime 水文情势天气尺度天气系统水文效应 hydrologic effectsynoptic scale weather system 水文循环（水循环） hydrologic cycle中小尺度天气系统水量平衡 water balancemeso and micro－ heat balance scale weather 热量平衡风暴潮盐量平衡 salt balance storm surge风暴中心 storm center 大气水汽含量西风槽atmospheric water vapour content westerly trough东风波 easterly wave 大气水汽输送低压槽 trough atmospheric water vapour transport高压脊 ridge水汽输送通量 atmospheric water vapour副热带高压fluxsubtropic high温带降雨面积 extratropic zone rainfall area寒带 rainfall distribution 降雨分布 frigid zone季风 storm flood 暴雨洪水 monsoon梅雨（霉雨）plum rains ice flood 冰凌洪水（凌讯）阵雨 ice冰雪洪水－ showery rain snow melt flood地形雨雨雪混合洪水 rain and snowmelt flood aerographic rain 热带气旋雨山洪 flash floodrainfall in tropic cyclonesatellite cloud picture－ dam溃坝洪水break flood卫星云图..气压（大气压强） atmospheric pressure headwaters冲沟 gully sea－level pressure 海平面气压溪流bulb temperature brook 湿球温度 wet－分支 fork水汽压 vapour pressure串沟 saturation vapour pressure bifurcation channel 饱和水汽压外流河绝对湿度 absolute humidity exoreic river陆河 relative humidity endothecia river 相对湿度减河 relief channel 饱和差 saturation deficit控制河段 basin lengthcontrol reach 流域长度顺流河段 straight reach 流域平均高程basin elevation mean弯曲河段 bent reach 流域平均宽度 basin width mean扩散河段 basin slope mean expanding reach 流域平均坡度收缩河段converging reach 流域不对称系数游荡河段coefficient of basin nonsymmetric wandering reach 感潮河段 tidal reach growth ratio of drainage 流域面积增长率裁弯河段areachannel cutoff稳定河槽流域自然地理特征 stable channel不稳定河槽（冲淤河槽）physiographic characteristics of basin unstable channel主槽水系（河系） main channel hydrographic net单式河槽人工河网 artificial drainage network single channel 复式河槽河网密度 drainage density compound channelsection－ open channel明渠 river cross河道横断面..河道纵断面 river longitudinal profile 才系数 Chezy coefficient 才公式 Chezy formula cross－section characteristics 断面特性曼宁公式 Manning formulachannel morphology 河床形态输水因数（输水率） thoal conveyance factor 浅滩水跃急潭 cataract hydraulic jump水舌 nappe河漫滩 flood plain回水曲线（壅水曲线） channel island 江心湖 hackwater curve弗汝德数 Froude number 有效水头 effective head悬移质 suspended load head loss水头损失推移质 frictional head loss bed load 沿程水头损失床沙局部水头损失 bed material local head loss床沙质 bed material load energy slope 能面比降冲泻质 surfaceslope 水面比降 wash load河流泥沙运动 sediment 摩阻比降 friction slope transport inriver泥沙起动附加比降（加速比降） incipient motion of sediment add slope起动流速 competent velocity channel slope 河道比降（河床比降）造床流址 dominant discharge water slope transverse 比面水横降of泥沙密度surfacedensity of sediment高含沙水流倒比降 inverse slopeflow 总水头线with hypereoncentration total head line of sediment泥石流水面线 water surface profile debris flowroughness糙率水流挟沙能力..sediment transport capacity of flow 冰花 frazil slush岸冰 border ice河床演变 fluvial process初生岸冰 scarinitial border ice 冲刷固定岸冰淤积 sedimentation fixed border ice冲击岸冰 agglomerated border ice 沙量平衡 sediment balance再生岸冰 sediment transport 泥沙输移 regenerative border ice 残余岸冰泥沙输移比 sediment delivery ratio residual border ice 雪冰flow river sediment slush ice 浆河现象 clogging of。
水文地质专业英语
1、Translate these words into English水文地质学hydrogeology基流Base flow大气降水Atmospheric precipitation碳酸盐carbonate参数，参量越流，泄漏，渗漏地层formation节理，裂隙均质的，均匀的等势面，等水头面岩浆的数量级水力传导系数，渗透系数非稳定流蒸发蒸腾地势径流储水系数Storage coefficient导水系数Water conductivity有限差分法Finite difference method2、Translate these words into Chineseflowing well 自喷井electrolyte 电解液isotope 同位素electrical conductance 电导率thermal agitation 热骚动capillarity 毛细现象confining boundary 封闭边界solubility溶解度isotropic medium 各向同性介质piezometric head 测压管水头hydraulic gradient 水力梯度laminar flow层流recession n. 衰退；不景气；后退；凹处anisotropic medium 【电工学】各向异性介质inhomogeneous不均匀uniform flow均匀流；等流速storage coefficient 存储系数cation 阳离子critical velocity临界速度moisture content含水率3．Translate these sentences into Chinese（1）Solar energy drives the hydrological cycle, gravity and other forces also play important roles. 太阳能驱动水循环、重力和其他部队也扮演了一个重要的角色。
水利水文术语表 中英对照
水圈hydrosphere水体water body水科学water science水文学hydrology陆地水文学land hydrology应用水文学applied hydrology工程水文学engineering hydrology水汽water vapour水文要素hydrologic elements积雪snow cover终雪latest snow融雪snowmelt冰雹hail截留interception填洼depression detention地面滞留surface detention陆面蒸发evaporation of land水面蒸发evaporation of water surface 土壤蒸发evaporation from soil散发（植物蒸腾）transpiration蒸发能力evaporation capability下渗（入渗）infiltration稳渗steady infiltration下渗能力infiltration capability河川径流river runoff降雨径流rainfall runoff暴雨径流storm runoff融雪径流snowmelt runoff枯季径流dry season runoff基流base flow阴塞高压blocking high低空急流low－level jet低涡vortex反气旋（高压）anticyclone气旋（低压）cyclone热带气旋tropic cyclone热带低压tropic depression热带风暴tropic storm强热带风暴severe tropic storm气团air mass锋（锋面）front气象meteorology气候区划climatic regionalization气候带climatic zone 小气候microclimate副热带（亚热带）subtropic zone比湿specific humidity蒲福风级Beaufort wind scale霜点frost point霜冻frostbite无霜期frost－free period流域watershed (basin)闭合流域enclosed basin不闭合流域non－enclosed basin闭流区（内流区）bling drainage area分水线（分水岭）divide流域几何特征basin geometric characteristics 河道复流（河道再生）resurgence常年河perennial stream间歇河intermittent stream悬河（地上河）elevated stream夺流河（断头河）captured river盈水河gaining stream亏水河losing stream暴洪河流flashy stream界河boundary river废河道（古河道）dead river凹岸concave bank凸岸convex bank岸壁land wall水边线（岸线）water line堤防levee河长river length河弯river bend弯曲率tortuosity航道navigable channel河段reach潜洲submerged bar水利学hydraulics明渠水力学open channel hydraulics水静力学hydrostatics水动力学hydrodynamics明渠水流open channel flow恒定流steady flow非恒定流unsteady flow均匀流（等速流）uniform flow非均匀流（变速流）non－uniform flow急流supercritical flow缓流subcritical flow异重流density current临界流critical flow临界水深critical depth临界流速critical velocity临界流量critical discharge水头head位置水头（位能）elevation head低强水头（压能）pressure head流速水头（动能）velocity head雷诺数Reymold number韦伯数Weber number水力因素hydraulic factor湿周wetted perimeter水力半径hydraulic radius宽深比width－depth ratio落差fall驻波standing wave移动波translation wave河流动力学river dynamics山洪侵蚀torrential erosion流域产沙量watershed sediment yield溶解性总固体total dissolved solids离子含量ion concentration离子总量total ion concentration离子流量ion discharge矿化度mineral content盐度salinity碱度alkalinity酸度acidity电导率electric conductivity混浊度（浊度）turbidity总需氧量total oxygen demand溶解氧dissolved oxygen需氧量oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand滑雪需氧量chemical oxygen demand硬度hardness非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度）non－carbonate hardness浮冰floating ice锚冰anchor ice封冻期freeze－up period封冻（封河）freeze－up 平封flat freeze－up立封upright freeze－up冰盖ice cover连底冻grounded ice cover冰丘ice mound封冻冰缘ice edge of freeze－up清沟lead初生清沟primary lead再生清沟secondary lead冰花路毡sludge road felt冰上覆雪snow cover over ice冰脊ice ridge冰缝crack悬冰suspended ice cover冰堆ice pack冰塞ice jam冰上结冰aufeis解冻期break－up period冰变色color change of ice cover冰上有水accumulation of melt water 月中天lunar transit引潮力tidal generation force天文潮astronomic tide气象潮metorologic tide潮汐周期tidal cycle半日潮semidiurnal tide全日潮diurnal tide混合潮mixed tide大潮spring tide小潮neap tide中潮moderate tide太阴月lunar day潮期duration of tide涨潮历时duration of tidal rise落潮历时duration of tidal fall潮流tidal current涨潮流flood tidal current落潮流ebb tidal current憩流slack tide潮流速tidal velocity往复流reversing current旋转流rotary current潮流期duration of tidal current涨潮流历时duration of flood current地下水流速velocity of groundwater flow地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）hydraulic gradient of groundwater地下水等水位线图water－table contour map 含水层aquifer含水岩系water－content rock series含水岩组water－content rock formation含水岩性water－content rock property含水介质water－hearing medium均匀介质homogeneous medium非均匀介质inhomogeneous medium含水层边界aquifer boundary透水边界permeable boundary隔水边界confining boundary弱透水边界acquitted boundary透水层permeable bed隔水层confining bed弱透水层acquitter水文地质参数hydrogeological parameters渗透系数permeability coefficient导水系数(释水系数）coefficient of transmissivity贮水系数storativity水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）coefficient of water table conductivity压力传导系数coefficient of pressure conductivity持水度water－holding capacity土壤水分常数soil moisture constants土壤吸湿系数absorption coefficient of soil moisture凋萎系数wilting coefficient田间持水量field capacity毛管断裂含水量moisture content at capillary rupture最大水分吸水量maximum molecular moisture content零通量面法zero flux plane method潜水phreatic water降水入渗补给precipitation recharge降水入渗补给系数coefficient of precipitation recharge地表水补给surface water recharge凝结水补给condensation recharge 侧向补给lateral recharge越流补给leakage recharge灌溉补给系数irrigation recharge coefficient of groundwater潜水蒸发phreatic water evaporation潜水蒸发临界深度critical depth of phreatic water evaporation潜水溢出量phreatic water overflow to surface 潜水位phreatic water level潜水埋深buried depth of phreatic water level 潜水含水层厚度thickness of phreatic water aquifer内流湖endorheic lake淡水湖fresh lake咸水湖salt lake盐湖saline lake季节性湖泊seasonal lake富营养湖泊eutrophic lake贫营养湖泊poornutrient lake湖流lake current梯度流gradient current漂流current of friction湖泊波漾（假湖）lake seiche湖泊增减水lake wind denivellation湖泊率lake ratio湖泊补给系数recharge coefficient of lake湖泊换水周期lake residence period湖盆lake basin湖面高程elevation of water level in lake岛屿率insulosity湖泊分层lake layering正温层direct thermal stratification逆温层inverse thermal stratification湖泊形态参数morphometric parameter of lake 高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽）main level mire中位沼泽（中营养沼泽）medium level mire 沼泽水量平衡water balance of mire沼泽水mire water沼泽蒸发mire evaporation沼泽径流mire runoff沼泽表面流surface flow of mire沼泽表层流surface layer flow of mire沼泽含水性moisture property of mire沼泽持水性water retention of mire沼泽透水性perviousness of mire沼泽率mire ratio冰川glacier山地冰川（山岳冰川）mountain glacier 谷冰川valley glacier宽尾冰川broad－tail glacier冰斗冰川cirque glacier悬冰川hanging glacier贯通冰川（山麓冰川）penetrating glacier 冰原ice field冰川平衡线equilibrium line of glacier委托观测entrust gauging水文仪器hydrologic instrument直读仪器direct－reading instrument自记仪器automatic－recording instrument 遥测仪器remote telemetry unit固态存贮器solid storage计数器counter记录器recorder显示器display unit平均无故障工作时间mean time between failures相应水位equivalent stage水文测站hydrometric station基本站basic station辅助站auxiliary station专用站special station水文试验站hydraulic experimental station 基准水文站bench mark hydrologic station 水文气象站hydrometeorology station巡测站tour gauging station水文站gauging station雨量站网rain gauging network水面蒸发站网water surface evaporation network水位站网stage gauging network泥沙站网sediment gauging network水质站网water quality network地下水观测井网groundwater voservation well network站网规划hydrologic network planning水文分区hydrologic regionalization站网布设network layout容许最稀站网minimum network 设站年限station required age基面datum临时水准点temporary benchmark测验断面measuring cross－section基本水尺断面basic gauge cross－section流速仪测流断面current－meter measuring cross－section浮标测流断面float measuring cross－section 比降水尺断面slope measuring cross－section 辅助水尺断面secondary gauging cross－section临时测流断面temporary measuring cross－section水文缆道hydrometric cableway悬索缆道suspended cableway悬杆缆道suspended rod cableway机动缆道motorized cableway手动缆道hand－operating cableway循环索loop cable起重索suspension cable水文缆车hydrometric cable car吊船过河索cableway for anchoring boat缆道测验仪cableway measuring device水文测船hydrometric boat水文测桥hydrometric bridge桥测车gauging vehicle on bridge水文巡测车tour gauging vehicle for hygrometry雨量器raingauge承水器raingauge receiver量杯measuring glass渠积雨量器accumulative raingauge雨量计rainfall recorder虹吸式雨量计siphon rainfall recorder翻斗式雨量计tipping－bucket rainfall recorder长期雨量计long－term rainfall recorder遥测雨量计telemetering rainfall recorder测雨雷达precipitation－monitoring radar雪量线snow gauge雨雪量计rain and snow recorder蒸发量evaporation蒸发量观测evaporation observation蒸发量折算系数reduction coefficient of evaporation遮挡率screen ratio蒸发器evaporation pan小型蒸发器（蒸发皿）small evaporation pan E－601型蒸发器evaporation pan of type E－601漂浮蒸发器floating evaporation pan蒸发计evaporimeter遇测蒸发计telemetering evaporimeter钩形水尺hook gauge最高水位水尺crest stage gauge校核水尺check gauge基本水尺断面basic gauge辅助水尺断面auxiliary gauge比降水尺断面slope gauge临时水尺temporary gauge水位计stage gauge自记水位计stage recorder浮子式水位计float－type stage recorder压力式水位计pressure－type stage recorder 超声波水位计ultrasonic stage recorder遥测水位计telemetering stage recorder接触试水位计contact－type stage recorder远传水位计telecontrol stage recorder自记水位计台stage recorder installation静水井stilling well测得水深measured depth有效水深effective depth相对水深relative depth断面平均水深mean depth at a cross－section 干绳改正air line correction湿绳改正wet line correction测点流速velocity measurement测速垂线surface velocity水面流速velocity at a point测点流速maximum point velocity最大测点流速velocity－measuring vertical垂线平均流速mean velocity at a vertical部分平均流速mean velocity at a segment断面平均流速cross－section velocity distribution浮标流速point velocity coefficient中泓流速surface velocity coefficient流速分布velocity distribution 流速梯度velocity gradient垂线流速分布vertical velocity distribution断面流速分布cross－section velocity distribution水面流速分布surface velocity coefficient顺流downstream flow逆流upstream flow流速脉动velocity pulsation中泓流速midstream流向测量flow－direction measurement体积法cubature流速仪current－meter转子式流速仪rotating－element current－meter旋杯式流速仪cup－type current－meter旋桨式流速仪propeller－type current－meter 电波流速仪electric wave current－meter超声波剖面流速仪ultrasonic profile current－meter多普勒流速仪Doppler current－meter参证流速仪reference current－meter流量计flow meter文杜里水流计Venturi flow meter毕托管Pitot tube流速仪检定current－meter calibration检定槽calibration tank检定车calibration carriage水面浮标surface float小浮标small float双浮标double float浮杆float－rod堰顶高程elevation of weir crest堰顶水头weir head水工建筑物测流flow measurement by hydraulic structure闸门开启高度gate opening行近河槽approach channel行近流速approach velocity堰流weir flow流态flow regime自由流free flow淹没流submerged flow半淹没流half－submerged flow孔流sluice flow射流jet flow淹没比submergence ratio淹没系数submergence coefficient流速系数velocity coefficient流量系数discharge coefficient稀释法测流dilution method for discharge measurement示踪剂tracer标准溶液standard solution背景浓度background concentration solution 稀释比dilution ratio推移质输沙率测验bed load discharge measurement器策法sampling method坑测法pit method沙波法dune tracking method床沙测验bed material measurement照相法photographic method打印法stamp pad method床沙采样器bed material sampler悬移质采样器suspended sediment sampler瞬时式采样器instantaneous sampler积时式采样器time－integrating sampler瓶式采样器bottled sampler皮囊式采样器collapsible sample泵式采样器pumping sampler调压式采样器pressure adjustable sampler同位素测沙仪radioisotope sediment concentration meter光电测沙仪photoelectric sediment concentration meter振动式测沙仪vibrational sediment concentration meter推移质采样器bed load sampler网式采样器basket－type sampler吸管pipet光电颗分仪photoelectric particle size meter 比重计（密度计）hydrometer泥沙沉降sediment settling沉降速度settling velocity平均沉速mean settling velocity絮凝flocculation反凝剂defloeculant粒径particle diameter 中数粒径median particle diameter平均粒径mean particle diameter等容粒径nominal diameter投影粒径projected diameter三轴平均粒径triaxial mean particle diameter 几何平均粒径geometric mean particle diameter筛析粒径sieve diameter沉降粒径settling diameter粒径组fraction of particle size颗粒级配grain－size distribution颗粒级配曲线grain－size distribution curve 单样颗粒级配index sample grain－size distribution垂线平均颗粒级配mean grain－size distribution in a vertical对照断面check cross－section控制断面control cross－section消减断面attenuation cross－section水样保存water－sample preservation检出率detected ratio超标率over－limit ratio痕迹量trace未检出nonreadout回收率recovery ratio溶解气体采样器dissolved gases sampler冰情观测ice－regime observation固定点冰厚测址fixed－point ice thickness measurement冰情目测visual observation of ice regime冰情符号ice code冰情图ice－regime charta初冰日期first－ice date封冰日期freeze－up date解冻日期break－up date终冰日期end ice date封冻历时freeze－up duration水浸冰厚thickness of immersed ice敲露水面宽open－water width冰流量ice discharge等深点流速改正法revised isobath－velocity method流速过程线改正法revised velocity－hydrograph method有效潮差significant tidal range负波高negative wave height水库水文测验hygrometry of reservoir入库水量reservoir inflow出库水量reservoir outflow水库供水reservoir water supply水库弃水surplus water released frome reservoir水库渗漏量reservoir seepage volume水库蓄水变量variation of reservoir storage水库蓄水变率rate of reservoir storage change 坝上水位stage behind dam库区水位stage in reservoir region水库淤积测量reservoir sedimentation survey 水库淤积量reservoir sedimentation volume地形法method of topographic survey断面法method of cross－section survey淤积形态morphology of reservoir deposition 淤积三角洲sedimentation delta淤积物密度dry density of reservoir deposition 岩溶地区水文调查hydrologic investigation in karst areas实际地表集水面积actual surface colleting area水文实验研究experimental research in hydrology代表流域representative basin实验流域experimental basin相似流域similar basin径流实验研究experimental research in runoff 径流场runoff plot人工降雨装置artificial rainfall device蒸发实验研究experimental research in evaporation蒸发池evaporation tank土壤蒸发器soil evaporator蒸散器evapotranspirometer农田蒸发器evaporator for agricultural land蒸渗仪lysimeter地下水均衡场groundwater balance plot合理性检查rational examination电算整编processing by computer水文年鉴water year－book测站考证station examination 站年station year极值extreme value加权平均法weighted mean method断流水位stage of zero flow河干river of zero flow水文过程线hydrograph水文综合过程线synthetic hydrograph等值线isopleth分布曲线distribution curve水文特征值hydrologic characteristic value径流总量total runoff径流模数runoff modulus径流系数runoff coefficient洪峰flood peak洪水流量peak discharge洪水总量flood volume输沙模数modulus of sediment runoff水位流量关系stage－discharge relation连时序法chronological method绳套曲线loop curve流量过程线法discharge hydrograph method 潮汐要素法tidal factor relation method定潮汐要素法constant tidal factor relation method合轴相关法coaxial correlation method一潮推流法method of discharge computation for a single tide水位流量关系single－valued processing of stage－discharge relation关系曲线延长extension of relation curve流率表rating table单断沙关系index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation单断沙关系曲线法index and cross－section aerage sediment concentration relation curve method水位单断沙比关系曲线法stage versus ratio of index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation curve method单断沙比过程线法hydrograph method of index and cross－section average sediment concentration ratio单样过程线法hydrograph method of index sediment concentration真值true value测量值（实测值）measured value最或然值most probable value绝对误差absolute error相对误差relative error插机误差（偶然误差）random error允许误差permissible error伪误差（粗差）spurious方差variance标准差standard deviation相对标准差relative standard deviation离差（偏差）deviation闭合差closure error平差adjustment精密度precision准确度correctness垂线抽样误差（M型误差）measuring vertical sampling error分布式数据库distributed type data base集中式数据库concentrated type data base网络式数据库network type data base层次数据库laminarization data base层次数据模型laminarization data model网状数据模型network data model数据量data bulk结点node水文数据库hydrologic data base水文基本数据库hydrologic basic data base湖泊水文预报hydrologic firecasting of lake 施工水文预报hydrologic forecasting for construction period 潮汐预报tidal prediction旱情预报soil moisture forecasting地下水动态预报groundwater regime forecasting预见期forecast lead time超长期水文预报extended long－term hydrologic forecasting作业预报operational forecasting预报方案forecast scheme评定标准accuracy standard方案合格率qualified ratio of scheme确定性系数deterministic coefficient汛seasonal flood 伏汛summer flood汛期flood season防汛flood defence报汛站flood－reporting station报汛站网flook－reporting network常年水情站perennial hydrologic reporting station汛期水情站hydrologic reporting station inflood season辅助水清站网auxiliary hydrologic reporting network洪水警报flood warning点雨量point rainfall面雨量areal rainfall泰森多边形Thiessen polygon等雨量线法isohyetal method产流runoff yield蓄满产流runoff yield at natural storage超渗产流runoff yield in excess of infiltration 产流面积area of runoff yield地表径流（直接径流）direct runoff地面流（坡面流）surface flow of mire壤中流prompt subsurface flow前期影响雨量antecedent rainfall土壤缺水量soil moisture deficit下渗能力曲线（下渗曲线）infiltration capability curve初损initial losses后损（后渗）continuing losses坡面汇流overland flow concentration河网汇流（河槽汇流）river network flow concentration地下汇流groundwater flow concentration汇流曲线flow concentration curve流域汇流曲线basin flow concentration curve 坡面汇流曲线overland flow concentration curve河网汇流曲线river network flow concentration curve地下汇流曲线groundwater flow concentration curve流域汇流时间basin flow concentration time 洪峰滞时peak time lag流域滞时basin time lag等流滞时isochrone单位线unit hydrograph经验单位线empiricat unit hydrograph综合单位线synthetic unit hydrograph瞬时单位线instantaneous unit hydrograph地貌瞬时单位线geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph 坡地单位线slope unit hydrograph河网单位线river network unit hydrographS－曲线S－curve无因次单位线dimensionless unit hydrograph 退水曲线recession curve水文模型hydrologic model水文物理模型（水文实体模型）hydrophysical model比尺模型scale model比拟模型analogue model水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model 水文概念模型physically－based hydrologic mathematic model水文数学物理模型deterministic hydrologic model确定性水文模型stochastic hydrologic model 分散式模型distributed model集总式模型lumped model线性水温模型linear hydrologic model非线性水文模型nonlinear hydrologic model 时不变水文模型time－invariant hydrologic model时变水文模型time－variant hydrologic model 流域水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model of watershed模型结构model structure模型参数model parameter模型误差model error模型率定model calibration模型检验model verification水文模拟hydrologic simulation遥测终端机telemetry terminal meter中继机relay meter前置通信控制机preset communication controller自报式系统self－reporting system查询－应答式系统polling－answerback system混合式系统mix system时分制遥测系统time－division telemetry system频分制遥测系统frequency－division telemetry system误码率probability of word error接受率receiving probability设计站design station设计流域design watershed代表站representative station参证站bench－mark station典型年（代表年）typicyear水文系列hydrologic series同步系列synchronous series系列代表性series representativeness柱状图histogram诺谟图monogram输沙量计算（固体径流计算）computation of sediment runoff水库回水计算computation of reservoir backwater水库淤积计算computation of reservoir sedimentation水库下游河道冲刷计算computation of degradation below reservoir溃坝洪水计算evaluation of dam break flood 感潮河段水力计算hydraulic calculation for tidal reach样本容量sample size随机变量random variable随机系列random series累计频率（频率）cumulative frequency经验频率empirical frequency水文频率分布曲线（水文频率曲线）hydrologic frequency distribution curve皮尔逊分布Pearson distribution对数正态分布log normal distribution频率分析frequency analysis随机模拟stochastic simulation时间序列time series随机水文分析hydrologic stochastic analysis 趋势项trend term周期项cycle term随机项stochastic term调和分析（谐波分析）harmonic analysis潜分析spectrum analysis回归分析（相关分析）regression analysis 相关系数correlation coefficient自回归分析autoregression analysis逐步回归分析stepwise regression analysis设计供水design flood溢洪道设计洪水spillway design flood分期设计洪水stage design flood施工设计洪水design flood for construction period校核洪水check flood实测洪水observed flood调查洪水investigated flood古洪水paleoflood坝址洪水dam－site flood入库洪水reservoir inflow flood分项调查法item－by－item investigation method降雨径流模型法rainfall－runoff model method蒸发差值法evaporation difference method径流年内分配annual distribution of runoff径流多年变化multiyear variation of runoff丰水期high－water period平水期normal－water period枯水期（枯季）low－flow period丰水年wet year平水年（中水年）normal year枯水年dry year特枯水年extraordinary dry year连续丰水年continuous wet years连续枯水年continuous dry years水文年鉴water year设计雨型design storm pattern暴雨路径storm track暴雨时程分配time distribution of storm暴雨地区分布special distribution of storm暴雨参数等值线storm parametric isoline map 点面换算系数point－area conversion coefficient定点定面关系fixed point－fixed area relationship 可能最大露点probable maximum dew point 暴雨移置改正storm transposition correction 流域形状改正watershed shape correction水汽改正moisture correction入流障碍改正inflow obstacle correction综合改正synthetic correction暴雨幅合分量convergence component of storm地形增强因子topographic increasing factor等百分数法isopercental method可能最大洪水probable maximum flood涝surface water logging渍subsurface waterlogging排涝surface waterlogging control排渍subsurface waterlogging control排涝规划waterlogging control planning排涝标准standard for waterlogging control排涝计算computation of waterlogging control 设计排涝流量design discharge for surface drainage设计排渍流量design drainage discharge of subsurface waterlogging control设计排涝水位design water level for surface drainage水荒water famine水资源评价water resources assessment水资源基础评价water resources basic assessment水量评价water quantity assessment水质评价water quality assessment地表水资源评价surface water resources assessment水资源评价指标indexes of water resources assessment水资源总量total amount of water resources地表水资源量surface water resources amount 地下水资源量groundwater resources amount 可利用量utilizable water地下水可开采量groundwater available yield 可供水量available water supply径流调节runoff regulation综合利用水库调节（多目标水库调节）reservoir regulation for comprehensive utilization水库调洪reservoir flood routing水库供水调节reservoir regulation for water supply水电站径流调节runoff regulation of hydropower regulation水库反调节reregulating reservoir水库群调节multi－reservoir regulation径流调节计算computation of runoff regulation时历法（长系列操作法）chronological series method概率法（数理统计法）probability method随机模拟法stochastic simulation method调节周期regulating period目标函数objective function约束方程constraint equation状态变量state variable决策变量decision variable数学规划mathematic programming线性规划linear programming非线性规划nonlinear programming水库防洪调度flood control scheduling of reservoir水库实时调度real－time reservoir scheduling 水库群调度multi－reservoir scheduling水库预报调度reservoir scheduling based on forecast抽水蓄能pumped storage水沙调度scheduling of water and sediment水环境water environment水环境要素（水环境基质）water environment elements水环境背景值（水环境本底值）water environmental background value水生态系统aquatic ecosystem化学径流chemical runoff环境用水environmental water环境水文学environmental hydrology环境水力学environmental hydraulics环境水化学environmental hydrochemistry地下水超量开采groundwater overdraft人工补给（人工回灌）artificial recharge地下水降落漏斗groundwater depression cone 化学水污染chemical water pollution 无机物水污染water pollution by inorganic substances有机物水污染water pollution by organic substances有毒物质水污染water pollution by toxic substances放射性水污染radioactive water pollution热污染thermal pollution生物水污染water pollution by organism富营养化eutrophication次生水污染secondary water pollution地下水污染groundwater pollution水污染常规分析指标index of routine analysis for water pollution水污染遥感监测remote－sensing monitoring of water pollution 污染物pollutant污染物迁移transport of pollutant机械迁移physical transport物理－化学迁移physicochemical transport人为污染源artificial pollution source天然污染源natural pollution source污染源调查investigation of pollution sources 污染源控制pollution source control水质参数water quality parameters水质模型water quality model水温模型water temperature model水质生物评价biologic assessment of water quality水环境效益water environmental effect水污染环境效应environmental effect of water pollution水环境保护water environmental protection水质规划water quality planning河流水质规划river water quality planning水库水质规划reservoir water quality planning 水污染综合防治规划planning of comprehensive water pollution control水源保护区protection zone of water source蒸发evaporation水位stage流速velocity流量discharge含沙量sediment concentration输沙率sediment discharge水温模型water temperature冰凌ice run水质water quality下垫面underlying surface水文情势hydrologic regime水文效应hydrologic effect水文循环（水循环）hydrologic cycle水量平衡water balance热量平衡heat balance盐量平衡salt balance大气水汽含量atmospheric water vapour content大气水汽输送atmospheric water vapour transport水汽输送通量atmospheric water vapour flux 降雨面积rainfall area降雨分布rainfall distribution暴雨洪水storm flood冰凌洪水（凌讯）ice flood冰雪洪水ice－snow melt flood雨雪混合洪水rain and snowmelt flood山洪flash flood溃坝洪水dam－break flood大气环流atmospheric circulation行星尺度天气系统planetary scale weather system天气尺度天气系统synoptic scale weather system中小尺度天气系统meso and micro－scale weather风暴潮storm surge风暴中心storm center西风槽westerly trough东风波easterly wave低压槽trough高压脊ridge副热带高压subtropic high温带extratropic zone寒带frigid zone季风monsoon梅雨（霉雨）plum rains阵雨showery rain地形雨aerographic rain 热带气旋雨rainfall in tropic cyclone卫星云图satellite cloud picture气压（大气压强）atmospheric pressure海平面气压sea－level pressure湿球温度wet－bulb temperature水汽压vapour pressure饱和水汽压saturation vapour pressure绝对湿度absolute humidity相对湿度relative humidity饱和差saturation deficit流域长度basin length流域平均高程basin elevation mean流域平均宽度basin width mean流域平均坡度basin slope mean流域不对称系数coefficient of basin nonsymmetric流域面积增长率growth ratio of drainage area 流域自然地理特征physiographic characteristics of basin水系（河系）hydrographic net人工河网artificial drainage network河网密度drainage density明渠open channel河源headwaters冲沟gully溪流brook分支fork串沟bifurcation channel外流河exoreic river内陆河endothecia river减河relief channel控制河段control reach顺流河段straight reach弯曲河段bent reach扩散河段expanding reach收缩河段converging reach游荡河段wandering reach感潮河段tidal reach裁弯河段channel cutoff稳定河槽stable channel不稳定河槽（冲淤河槽）unstable channel 主槽main channel单式河槽single channel复式河槽compound channel河道横断面river cross－section河道纵断面river longitudinal profile断面特性cross－section characteristics河床形态channel morphology浅滩thoal急潭cataract河漫滩flood plain江心湖channel island有效水头effective head水头损失head loss沿程水头损失frictional head loss局部水头损失local head loss能面比降energy slope水面比降surface slope摩阻比降friction slope附加比降（加速比降）add slope河道比降（河床比降）channel slope水面横比降transverse slope of water surface 倒比降inverse slope总水头线total head line水面线water surface profile糙率roughness谢才系数Chezy coefficient谢才公式Chezy formula曼宁公式Manning formula输水因数（输水率）conveyance factor水跃hydraulic jump水舌nappe回水曲线（壅水曲线）hackwater curve弗汝德数Froude number悬移质suspended load推移质bed load床沙bed material床沙质bed material load冲泻质wash load河流泥沙运动sediment transport in river泥沙起动incipient motion of sediment起动流速competent velocity造床流址dominant discharge泥沙密度density of sediment高含沙水流flow with hypereoncentration of sediment泥石流debris flow水流挟沙能力sediment transport capacity of flow河床演变fluvial process冲刷scar淤积sedimentation沙量平衡sediment balance泥沙输移sediment transport泥沙输移比sediment delivery ratio浆河现象clogging of river sediment flow揭河底现象tearing of river bed天然水质natural water quality水化学hydrochemistry冰清ice regime结冰河流ice－frozen stream封冻河流freeze－up stream稳定封冻河流stable freeze－up stream非稳定封冻河流unstable freeze－up stream 结冰期ice－frozen period初生冰initial ice冰针ice specula冰凇rime ice圆扁冰pan－cake ice冰花frazil slush岸冰border ice初生岸冰initial border ice固定岸冰fixed border ice冲击岸冰agglomerated border ice再生岸冰regenerative border ice残余岸冰residual border ice雪冰slush ice水内冰underwater ice冰屑shuga冰底边ice base boundary冰礁ice reef冰桥ice bridge流冰花slush ice run冰上流水water flow over ice层冰层水ice cover with intercalated water layers融冰thawing冰层塌陷ice sheet depression冰层浮起floating ice cover冰滑动dislodging of ice cover解冻（开河）break－up文开河tranquil break－up。
水文地质学-1-2
Preface
对于作为供水水源的地下水，必 须评价其水质水量，查明其分布规律。 这方面的工作形成了供水水文地质学。
The quality and quantity of groundwater must be evaluated and its distribution must be investigated. These works form Hydrogeology for Water Supply .
第一章 地球上的水及其循环
水文循环与地质循环是很不 相同的自然界水循环。水文循环 通常发生于地球浅层圈中，是 H20分子态水的转换，通常更替 较快。水文循环对地球的气候、 水资源、生态环境等影响显著， 与人类的生存环境有直接的密切 联系。
第一章 地球上的水及其循环
水文循环与地质循环是很不 相同的自然界水循环。水文循环 通常发生于地球浅层圈中，是 H20分子态水的转换，通常更替 较快。水文循环对地球的气候、 水资源、生态环境等影响显著， 与人类的生存环境有直接的密切 联系。
Preface
含有某些特殊组分，具有某些 特殊性质，因而具有一定医疗与保 健作用的地下水，称作矿水。矿水 是建立矿泉疗养地与生产瓶装矿泉 水的必要资源。勘查与评价工业矿 水与医疗矿水，也形成了相应的学 科分支——矿水水文地质学 Mineral Water Hydrogeology。
第一章 地球上的水及其循环
and land is called large cycle. The moisture exchange in the ocean or on the land is called small cycle. The local dry climate can be improved by adjusting the conditions of small cycle and enhancing the frequency and strength. But now the conditions of large cycle cannot be changed.
水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇
水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇1。
Hydrological Cycle and Budget1。
水文循环与预算Hydrology is an earth science。
It encompasses the occurrence, distribution，movement, and properties of the waters of the earth and their environmental relations。
Closely allied fields include geology，climatology, meteorology and oceanography。
水文学是一门地球科学。
它包含地球水资源的发生、分布、运动和特质，以及其环境关系。
与之密切相关领域包括地质学，气候学,气象学和海洋学。
The hydrologic cycle is a continuous process by which water is transported from the oceans to the atmosphere to the land and back to the sea. Many sub—cycles exist。
The evaporation of inland water and its subsequent precipitation over land before returning to the ocean is one example. The driving force for the global water transport system is provided by the sun，which furnishes the energy required for evaporation。
Note that the water quality also changes during passage through the cycle; for example, sea water is converted to fresh water through evaporation。
水文术语英语完整版
水文术语英语HEN system office room 【HEN16H-HENS2AHENS8Q8-HENH1688】水文术语英语序号中文名称英文名称1 河流及流域特征 Characteristics of river and basin河流及水系 River and river system河流 river干流（主河） trunk river (main stream)支流 tributary stream (branch river)河源 river head (river source, headwater)河口 river mouth (estuary)河长 river length深泓线 thalweg中泓线 stream central line落差 drp[流域特征 Characteristics of basin流域 watershed (basin, drainage area)流域分水线 basin divide流域面积（集水面积） watershed area (drainage area, catchment area) 流域长度（流域轴长） length of basin流域植被率（植被度） percentage of vegetations in drainage area流域湖泊率 percentage of lakes in drainage area流域沼泽率 percentage of swamps in drainage area2 水文分析计算 hydrological analysis and computation水文计算 hydrologic computation水文计算 hydrological computation水文统计 hydrological statistics累计频率 accumulative frequency重现期 return period水文频率曲线 hydrological frequency curve设计频率 design frequency相关分析 corelation analysis暴雨 rain storm大暴雨 large rain storm特大暴雨 extraordinary rainstorm降雨面积（雨区） precipitation area (rain area)暴雨中心 rainstorm center暴雨强度 rainstorm intensity暴雨历时 rainstorm duration点雨量 point precipitation (point rainfall)面雨量 area precipitation (area rainfall)定点定面关系 precipitation relationship between fixed point and fixed area) 产流（汇流） runoff yield (concentration of flow)产流 runoff yield (runoff formation)蓄满产流 runoff yield under saturated storage超渗产流 runoff yield under excess infiltration下渗容量线（下渗曲线） infiltration capacity curve初损 initial losses最大初损 maximum initial losses后损 later losses降雨径流关系图 rainfall-runoff relationship设计净雨量 design net rainfall径流 runoff径流 runoff地表径流 surface runoff地下径流 groundwater runoff径流深 runoff depth径流模数 runoff modulus径流系数 runoff coefficient多年平均年径流量 mean annual runoff设计年径流量 design anuual runoff设计年径流量年内分配 distribution of annual runoff within a year洪水 flood设计洪水 design flood设计洪水标准 standard of design flood可能最大洪水 probable maximum flood (PMF)分期设计洪水 stage design flood施工设计洪水 design flood of construction period坝址洪水 flood at dam site入库洪水 flood into reservoir溃坝洪水 dambreak flood小流域设计洪水（小面积设计洪水） design flood of small catchment 泥沙 sediment固体径流 sediment runoff含沙量 sediment charge (sediment concentration)输沙量 sediment runoff输沙率 sediment discharge平均输沙量 mean sediment runoff平均输沙率 mean sediment discharge3 水文预报 hydrological forecast水文预报 hydrolgocial forecast预见期 leading time短期水文预报 short term hydrological forecasting中、长期水文预报 mid and long term hydrological forecast降雨径流的预报 rainfall runoff forecast洪水预报（洪水径流预报） flood forecast枯水预报（枯水径流预报） low flow forecast泥沙预报 sediment forecast水质预报 water quality forecast冰情预报 ice regime forecast。
水文学原理中英文专业词
水文学原理Principle of hydrologyChapter 1 绪论绪论:introduction大气圈(aerosphere)水圈(hydrosphere)岩石圈(lithosphere)生物圈(biosphere)人类圈(anthroposphere)中国四大水问题(four major water issues in China)水多(more):洪水(floods) 水少(less):干旱(droughts)水浑(turbid):水土流失(soil and water losses) 水脏(dirty):水污染(water pollution)水平/垂直结构(horizontal/vertical structure)河流学(potamology/river hydrology) 湖沼学(limnology/lake hydrology) 水库(reservoir)冰川水文学(glacier hydrology) 地下水水文学(groundwater hydrology)水文气象学(hydrometeorology) 积云(cumulus) 河口水文学(estuary hydrology)流域水文学(basin hydrology) 全球水文学(global hydrology)水文学中得环境同位素(environmental isotopes in hydrology)Chapter 2 水文循环水文循环:hydrological cycle海洋蓄水(water storage in oceans) 蒸发(evaporation)凝结(condensation)大气蓄水(water storage in the atmosphere)冰雪蓄水(water storage in ice and snow)降水(precipitation)散发(transpiration)蒸散发(evapotranspiration)升华(sublimation) 凝华(desublimation)地表径流(surface/direct runoff)融雪径流(snow melt runoff to streams)河川径流(streamflow)泉水(spring)淡水储存(freshwater storage) 下渗(infiltration)地下水出流(groundwater discharge)地下水储存(groundwater storage)大/中/小尺度(macro-scale/mesoscale/microscale)开放/封闭系统(open/closed system)截留(interception)洼地储蓄(depression storage)地下径流(groundflow)壤中流(interflow)总水量(total water)海洋/大陆(oceans/continent)咸水/淡水(saline/fresh water) 沼泽(marish)大气水(atmospheric water)生物水(biological water)土壤水(soil water)Chapter 3 流域与水系流域与水系:Watershed & Drainage NetworksPart 1 基本概念分水线(watershed divide) 闭合流域(closed watershed)非闭合流域(unclosed watershed) 水系(Drainage Networks)羽毛状水系(Elongated shape) 平行状水系(fan shape)混合状水系(mixed shape) 坡地(Slope) 倾斜面(inclined plane) 收敛曲面(Convergent Camber) 发散曲面(Divergent Camber流域基本单元(Unit)P art 2 水系得地貌特征河源(headwater) 节点(node) 出口(outlet)外链(External links) 内链(Internal links) 干流(main river)支流(tributary river) Strahler分级法河流长度(stream length)河数定律(the law of stream numbers) 河长定律(the law of stream lengths) 链长度(Link Length) 横断面(Cross section) 纵断面(longitudinal section)大断面(flood cross-section) 弯曲率(Sinuosity)河底比降(Slope of stream bed)Part 3 流域得地貌特征流域形状(Shape of watershed) 流域坡度(Slope of watershed)流域面积及面积定律(Drainage area and the law of drainage areas)流域长度与宽度(Width and length of watershed) 形态因子(Shape factor)圆度(Circularity ratio) 伸长比(Elongation ratio)河网密度与河道维持常数(Drainage density & constant of channel maintenance)河流频度与链频度(Stream frequency & link frequency)面积--河长曲线(Drainage area-stream length curve )高程曲线(Elevation curve)Chapter 4 降水降水(Precipitation)Part 1 降水要素及其时空变化表示方法(Precipitation elements & Temporal and spatial variation)降雨得基本要素(Rainfall Elements) 降雨量(深) Rainfall (depth)降雨历时(Rainfall duration) 降雨强度(Rainfall intensity)降雨面积(Rainfall area) 暴雨中心(Storm center)降雨强度与历时曲线(Rainfall intensity-duration curve)降雨深与面积关系曲线(Rainfall depth-area curve)降雨深与面积与历时关系曲线(Rainfall depth-area-duration curve)Part 2 降雨类型及其影响因素(Types of rainfall and Affecting factors)气旋雨(Cyclonic rain) 对流雨(Convectional/Convective rain) 台风雨(Typhoons/Hurricanes) 地形雨(Orographic rain)锋面雨(Frontal rain) 非锋面雨(Non-frontal rain)Part 3 区域(流域)平均降雨量计算方法(Calculation method of Average rainfall over an area)算术平均法(Arithmetic mean method) 泰森多边形法(Thiessen polygon method) 等雨量线法(Isohyetal method) 距离平方倒数法(Inverse distance-squared method) 雷达测雨(Radar measurement of rainfall) 卫星测雨(Satellitic measurement of rainfall) Part4 降雨资料得检验(Test of rainfall data)Chapter 5 土壤水土壤水(Soil Water) 水文循环(Hydrologic Cycle) 土壤颗粒(soil particles)过滤(leach) 蒸发(evaporation) 蒸发,散发(transpiration) 水分(moisture)Part 1土壤得质地结构及“三相”关系土壤质地(Soil texture) 粘粒(clay) 粉粒(silt) 砂粒(sand) 土壤结构(Soil configuration) 土壤中得“三相”关系(Three phases within a soil) 固体(Solids) 液体(Liquids) 空气(Vapor)固体密度(solid density) 干容重(Dry bulk density) 孔隙度(Porosity)质量含水率(Gravimetric water content) 容积含水率(volumetric water content) 饱与度(the degree of saturation) 充气孔隙度(Aeration porosity) 孔隙比(V oid ratio)Part 2土壤水得存在形态土壤水作用力(Forces governing soil water) 分子力(Molecular force)毛管力(Capillary force) 粘着力(Adhesion) 粘结力(Cohesion) 重力(Gravitational force) 土壤水类型(Soil water classification) 束缚水(bound water) 吸湿水(Hygroscopic Water) 膜状水(Film water) 毛管上升水(Ascending water in capillary tube) 渗透重力水(percolating water) 毛管悬着水(Suspended capillary water) sustained gravitational water(支持重力水) 土壤水分常数(Soil water constants) 田间持水量(field capacity) Saturation(饱与状态)Part 3土壤水得能量状态土水势(Soil water potential) 影响因素(Affect the factors) 土壤水分特性曲线(Soil water characteristic curve)Chapter 6 下渗下渗: InfiltrationPart 1 引言(Introduction)土壤水分剖面(soil moisture profile) 下渗(infiltration)下渗率(infiltration intensity) 下渗容量(infiltration capacity)下渗曲线(infiltration capacity curve) 累积下渗曲线(accumulative infiltration capacity curve) 下渗机理(mechanism of infiltration)Part 2 非饱与下渗理论( ) 下渗方程得导出(deduction of infiltration equation)忽略重力作用得下渗方程得解(solution under gravity neglected)完全下渗方程得解(solution under whole condition)Part 3饱与下渗理论( ) 基本方程得建立establishment of basic equation下渗曲线得导出(deduction of infiltration curve)Chapter 7 蒸发与散发蒸发与散发(Evaporation & Transpiration)Part 1蒸发现象及其控制条件(evaporation and control conditions)基本概念(basic concepts) 蒸发潜热(heat of vaporization) 蒸发率(evaporation rate) 凝结潜热(condensation latent)蒸发能力(evaporation capacity) 蒸发分类classification of evaporation 控制蒸发率得条件controlling conditions for evaporation 动力条件(dynamic) 气象条件meteorological condition 供水条件(water supply) Part 2 水面蒸发(water surface evaporation)太阳辐射(solar radiation) 气压(air pressure) 风速(wind velocity) 温度(temperature) 湿度(humidity) 水面大小(water surface area) 水面形状(shape of water body) 水深(water depth) 水质(water quality) 理论方法(theoretical method) 热量平衡法(heat balance method) 空气动力学法(aerodynamic method) 混合法(mixed method) 水量平衡法(water balance method) 经验公式(empirical equation) 器测法( instrument-measurement method )水面蒸发得时空分布特点temporal spatial distribution characteristicsPart 3 土壤蒸发土壤蒸发过程(soil water evaporation processes)土壤蒸发规律(soil water evaporation rules)Part 4 植物散发散发现象(phenomena of plant transpiration) 植物散发规律(plant transpiration rules) 植物散发得确定(determination of transpiration)Part 5 流域蒸散发(watershed evapotranspiration)上层(Upper Layer) 下层(Lower Layer) 深层(Deep Layer)Chapter 8 产流机制产流机制:mechanism of runoff generation径流(Runoff) 径流形成过程(Rainfall-Runoff Process)径流深(Runoff Depth) 径流量得时程分配(Temporal distribution of runoff)Part 1包气带及其结构(Aeration (vadose) zone and its structure)包气带与饱水带(aeration zone or vadose zone and Saturdayed zone)特殊包气带(Special aeration zone)三相系统(three-phase system(liquid, gaseous,solid))土壤结构(soil structure) 包气带结构(The structure of aeration zone)高寒地带得包气带(aeration zone in a high and cold area)Part 2包气带得水分动态及对降雨得再分配作用(Soil moisture dynamics in aeration zone and its roles in partitioning rainfall)A、包气带水分动态(soil moisture dynamics in aeration zone)包气带水分得增长(Soil moisture increase in aeration zone)包气带水分得消退(Recession of soil moisture in aeration zone)B、包气带对降雨得再分配作用(The role of aeration zone in redistributing rainfall)筛子(sieve) 门槛(threshold)C、包气带水量平衡方程式(Water balance equation for aeration zone)Part 3 产流得物理条件(Physical conditions for runoff generation)超渗地面径流(Hortonian overland flow) (Rainfall excess)壤中水径流产流(through flow / subsurface flow / interflow)饱与地面径流条件(saturated overland flow)回归流(return flow)Part 4 基本产流模式(Basic modes of runoff generation)Chapter 9 地表水流地表水流:surface flowPart 1 洪水波得形成及传播(Formation and propagation of flood wave)A、洪水波运动(movement wave)a、几何特征(geomtric characteristics)波体(main body of flood wave) 波高(wave height) 波长(wave length)b、附加比降(additional slope)c、相应流量与相应水位(Corresponding discharge (water levels, stages) )d、波速(wave velocity)e、坦化(attenuation) 扭曲(distortion)B、洪水运动得水力学描述(Hydraulic description of flood wave movement)圣维南方程组(Saint-Venant Equations)连续方程(Continuity equation or mass conservation equation)动力方程(Momentum equation)C、洪水波得分类(Classification of flood wave)空间惯性迁移惯性项(convective inertia term) 重力(gravity)时间惯性力局地惯性项(local inertia term) 压力(pressure ) 阻力(friction)D、运动波(Kinematic wave)E、扩散波(Diffusion wave)Part 2(Storage theory & storage equation)A、河槽调节作用与河段水量平衡方程(Storage effects of a river channel and water balanceequation for a reach)蓄满产流(Runoff generation on repletion of storage)超渗产流(Runoff generation in excess of infiltration)B、槽蓄方程(Storage equation)C、洪水波运动得水文学方法(Hydrological method of flood wave movementD 、特征河长(Characteristic river length)F、槽蓄曲线得特性(Nature of Storage-discharge curve)Chapter 10 洪水演算洪水演算(Flood Routing)Part 1 引言(Introduction)具有物理基础得洪水演算法(Physically-based flood routing method)质量守恒(mass conservation) 动量守恒(momentum conservation) Part 2 线性扩散波演算法(Linear diffusion wave routing method)定解问题得构成(position of solution problems) 基本解(Basic solution) 出流过程得计算(Derivation of outflow hydrograph) 扩散波(Diffusion wave) 入流过程(Processing of inflow hydrograph) 稳定流(Steady flow) 参数得确定(Determination of parameters) 卷积公式(Convolution formula)上断面洪水过程(inflow hydrograph at upper section)半无限长,自由下边界(semi—infinite long, free lower boundary)简单入流过程(Simple inflow hydrograph) 单位入流过程(Unit Inflow hydrograph) 单位矩形入流过程(Unit Rectangular Pulse Input)单位瞬时脉冲入流(Unit instantaneous Pulse Input)入流过程离散化(Discretizing inflow hydrograph) 汇流曲线(flow concentration curve) Part 3 线性特征河长演算法(Linear characteristic length routing method) 描述洪水波运动得基本微分方程式(Basic differential equations of flood wave movement)汇流曲线得确定(Determination of flow concentration curve)Part 4 线性运动波演算法(Linear kinematic wave routing method)运动波差分方程得建立(Difference equation of kinematic wave)数值扩散得概念(Numerical diffusion) 连续演算问题(successive routing) 汇流系数得计算(Calculation of flow concentration coefficient)泰勒公式(Taylor formula) 汇流系数(flow concentration coefficient)Chapter 11 流域产流流域产流:Watershed Runoff Generation/ProductionPart 1 引言(Introduction)径流(Runoff) 径流形成过程(Rainfall-Runoff Process)径流深(Runoff Depth) 径流量得时程分配(Temporal distribution of runoff)Part 2流域产流面积得变化(Variations in runoff producing area)A、现象及原因(Phenomena & Causes)蓄满产流(Runoff generation on repletion of storage)超渗产流(Runoff generation in excess of infiltration)B、蓄满产流条件下总径流得产流面积变化(Variations in the runoff producing area of total runoff under runoff formation on repletion of storage)蓄水容量曲线(Watershed Capacity Curve)流域蓄水容量曲线(Watershed water capacity curve)在降雨空间分布均匀得情况下(Spatial distribution of rainfall is even)C、超渗产流地面径流产流面积变化(Variations in the runoff producing area of surface runoff under runoff formation in excess of infiltration)Part 3 蓄满产流得流域产流量得计算(putation of total runoff under runoff formation on repletion of storage)总径流量得计算(putation of total runoff)径流成分得划分(Separation of runoff ponents)降雨空间分布不均匀情况(Spatial distribution of rainfall being uneven)Part 4超渗产流得流域产流量计算(putation of total runoff under runoff formation in excess of infiltration)Chapter 12 流域汇流流域汇流:Watershed flow concentrationPart 1 基本概念及数学描述Basic Concepts and mathematical descriptionA、流域汇流得路径Watershed flow paths几何路径(Geometric paths) 状态路径(State paths)B、流域汇流时间Watershed flow time of concentration平均流域汇流时间(Average watershed flow time of concentration)最大流域汇流时间(Maximum Watershed flow time of concentration)C、径流成因公式Formula for puting the discharge at the watershed outletD、流域调蓄作用Watershed storage effectsPart 2流域汇流系统分析Analysis of watershed flow concentration system 基于流域调蓄作用得流域汇流系统得数学表达式(Mathematical description of storage-effect-based watershed flow system)流域瞬时单位线(Watershed Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph)卷积公式(Convolution formula)流域单位线得识别(Determination of unit hydrograph)Part 3面积—时间曲线Time-area histogram等流时线与等流时面积(Isochrones and Inter-isochrone areas)等流时线法(Isochrones Method)Part 4概念性流域汇流模型Conceptual watershed flow concentration models 概念性元件(Conceptual ponents)“渠道”型(Canal type) b、“水库”型(Reservoir type)概念性元件得组合及其瞬时单位线(bination of conceptual ponents and the corresponding instantaneous unit hydrograph)。
水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇
水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇1. Hydrological Cycle and Budget1.水文循环与预算Hydrology is an earth science. It encompasses the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of the waters of the earth and their environmental relations. Closely allied fields include geology, climatology, meteorology and oceanography.水文学是一门地球科学。
它包含地球水资源的发生、分布、运动和特质，以及其环境关系。
与之密切相关领域包括地质学，气候学，气象学和海洋学。
The hydrologic cycle is a continuous process by which water is transported from the oceans to the atmosphere to the land and back to the sea. Many sub-cycles exist. The evaporation of inland water and its subsequent precipitation over land before returning to the ocean is one example. The driving force for the global water transport system is provided by the sun, which furnishes the energy required for evaporation. Note that the water quality also changes during passage through the cycle; for example, sea water is converted to fresh water through evaporation.水文循环是一个连续的过程，在这个过程中水从海洋被运输到大气中，降落到陆地，然后回到海洋。
水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇
水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇1. Hydrological Cycle and Budget1.水文循环与预算Hydrology is an earth science. It encompasses the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of the waters of the earth and their environmental relations. Closely allied fields include geology, climatology, meteorology and oceanography.水文学是一门地球科学。
它包含地球水资源的发生、分布、运动和特质，以及其环境关系。
与之密切相关领域包括地质学，气候学，气象学和海洋学。
The hydrologic cycle is a continuous process by which water is transported from the oceans to the atmosphere to the land and back to the sea. Many sub-cycles exist. The evaporation of inland water and its subsequent precipitation over land before returning to the ocean is one example. The driving force for the global water transport system is provided by the sun, which furnishes the energy required for evaporation. Note that the water quality also changes during passage through the cycle; for example, sea water is converted to fresh water through evaporation.水文循环是一个连续的过程，在这个过程中水从海洋被运输到大气中，降落到陆地，然后回到海洋。
水利水电工程专业英语——水文及水资源篇
水利水电工程专业英语——水文与水资源篇1. Hydrological Cycle and Budget1.水文循环与预算Hydrology is an earth science. It encompasses the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of the waters of the earth and their environmental relations. Closely allied fields include geology, climatology, meteorology and oceanography.水文学是一门地球科学。
它包含地球水资源的发生、分布、运动和特质，以及其环境关系。
与之密切相关领域包括地质学，气候学，气象学和海洋学。
The hydrologic cycle is a continuous process by which water is transported from the oceans to the atmosphere to the land and back to the sea. Many sub-cycles exist. The evaporation of inland water and its subsequent precipitation over land before returning to the ocean is one example. The driving force for the global water transport system is provided by the sun, which furnishes the energy required for evaporation. Note that the water quality also changes during passage through the cycle; for example, sea water is converted to fresh water through evaporation.水文循环是一个连续的过程，在这个过程中水从海洋被运输到大气中，降落到陆地，然后回到海洋。
水文知识英语作文模板
水文知识英语作文模板英文回答：Hydrological Knowledge: A Comprehensive Guide。
Introduction。
Hydrology, the scientific study of water on Earth, encompasses various aspects of water's distribution, circulation, and properties. This comprehensive guide provides an overview of the fundamental principles and key concepts related to hydrology.Components of the Hydrological Cycle。
The hydrological cycle describes the continuous movement of water between the atmosphere, land, and oceans. Its major components include:Precipitation: Water falling from the sky as rain,snow, hail, or sleet。
Evaporation: Water turning into vapor from the Earth's surface。
Transpiration: Water released into the atmosphere by plants。
Infiltration: Water seeping into the ground。
Runoff: Water flowing over the land surface。
Groundwater: Water stored underground in aquifers。