2022年考研考博-考博英语-宁夏大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号:28
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2022年考研考博-考博英语-宁夏大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析
AB卷(带答案)
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
With all its advantages, the computer is by no means without its().
问题1选项
A.boundaries
B.restraints
C.confinements
D.limitations
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项boundaries“边界,界限”;B选项restraints“限制,禁止”;C选项confinements“监禁”;D选项limitations“局限性,(限制)因素”。
句意:尽管计算机有许多优点,但它决不是没有()。
通过题干可以看出这里表达的意思是“计算机虽然优点很多,但是也会有局限性”,因此D选项符合题意。
2.
单选题
International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages() patriotism.
问题1选项
A.obsolete
B.aggressive
C.harmonious
D.amiable
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项“废弃的,老式的”;B选项“侵略性的,好斗的”;C选项“和谐的,和睦的”;D选项“和蔼可亲的,亲切的”,句意:国际体育应该创造国家之间的友好关系,但在目前的奥林匹克组织中以某种方式鼓励______爱国主义。
由but可以得知和前文应该是有转折的,因此空格处想表达的应该是“鼓励带有挑衅性的爱国精神”。
因此B选项符合题意。
3.
单选题
People innately()for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.
问题1选项
A.strive
B.ascertain
C.justify
D.adhere
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语。
A选项“为……奋斗,争取……”;B选项“确定,探知”;C选项“证明……是正当的”;D选项“坚持……”,句意为:人们天生()比同龄人优越,尽管有时表现为夸张的权力欲。
本句表示“人们天生就想争取比同龄人优越”,因此A选项符合题意。
4.
单选题
I am thankful to the company for giving me such a chance, and I earnestly hope that I will ()everyone’s expectations.
问题1选项
A.boil down to
B.look forward to
C.live up to
D.catch on to
【答案】C
【解析】考查词组辨析。
A选项boil down to“归结为”;B选项look forward to“期待”;C选项live up to“不辜负,做到”;D选项catch on to“理解,突然了解”。
句意:我非常感谢公司给我这样一个机会,并衷心希望我能_____大家的期望。
考查了固定搭配live up to expectation“不辜负……的期望”,这里表示“我能不辜负大家的期望”。
因此C选项符合题意。
5.
翻译题
The intimacy between man and nature begins with the birth of man on the earth and becomes each century more intelligent and far-reaching. To nature, therefore, we turn as to the oldest aim most influential teacher of our race, from one point of view once our task-master, now our servant, from another point of view, our constant friend instructor and inspirer. The very intimacy of this relation robs it of a certain mystery and richness which it would have for all minds if it were there ward of the few instead be being the privilege of the many. To the few it is in every age, full of wonder and beauty; to the many it is a matter of course.
【答案】从地球上出现人类开始,人与自然之间的亲密关系也随之诞生,而且不断地被发扬光大,这种关系每一世纪都比以前变得更为明智而深远。
所以,我们求助于自然,并把自然视为人类的最年长和最有影响力的老师。
从某一个观点来看,自然曾一度是我们的监工,现在却变为我们的奴仆。
但从另一个观点来看,自然一直是我们最忠实的朋友、教导者和启发者。
这种和谐紧密的关系,如果仅仅是少数人的特权,而大多数人并不能享有,那便会在人们心目中引发一种神秘和情趣。
但是事实上,这种亲密关系是被天下所有的人共享的,这就使那和谐紧密的关系失去了神秘和情趣。
对于少数人来说,这种关系在每个时代都充满了奇妙和美好;对于多数人来说,这种关系只是理所当然的一件事。
6.
翻译题
人们最初是怎样发明文字的现在依然不为人所知。
换句话说,语言的起源是个谜。
我们所了解的人们与动物不同,他们不知用何种方法发明了一些声音来表达思想和感情、行为和事物,以便能互相交流。
后来他们在一些称作字母的符号上达成一致意见,这些字母可以合在一起代表这些声音,而且可以书写。
这些声音,无论是以口头还是字母的形式出现,都称作单词。
【答案】How did men first learn to invent words? It is still unknown to people; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we suppose is that some early men invented certain sounds, in one way or another, to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to present those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words.
7.
单选题
The meeting was() over by the mayor of the city.
问题1选项
A.presumed
B.proposed
C.presented
D.presided
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项presumed“假定,推测”;B选项proposed“建议,打算”;C选项presented“提出,呈递”;D选项presided“主持,担任会议主席”。
句意:会议由该市市长()。
本句表示“会议由市长主持”,因此D选项符合题意。
8.
单选题
Melissa is a computer()that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.
问题1选项
A.genius
B.virus
C.disease
D.bacteria
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项“天才,天赋”;B选项“病毒”;C选项“疾病”;D选项“细菌”,句意:Melissa是一种电脑(),它摧毁了电脑中的文件,让全世界成千上万的用户感到沮丧。
本句想表示的是“电脑病毒(computer virus)”,这也是固定搭配,因此B选项符合题意。
9.
单选题
The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our children college and our own retirement security is chilling.
问题1选项
A.frightening
B.promising
C.freezing
D.revealing 【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项“令人恐惧的”;B选项“有希望的,有前途的”;C选项“冰点以下的,结冰的”;D选项“揭露真情的,有启迪作用的”;题干中chilling“令人恐惧的”,句意:分析表明,在孩子上大学和我们自己的退休保障之间的权衡令人不寒而栗。
因此A选项符合题意。
10.
单选题
The gangster()at his helpless victim and put a cigarette just out of reach.
问题1选项
A.sneered
B.scorned
C.grinned
D.glared
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项sneered“嘲笑,冷笑”;B选项scorned“轻蔑”;C选项grinned“露齿而笑,咧着嘴笑”;D选项glared“怒目而视,瞪眼看”。
句意:歹徒对他那无助的受害者(),并把一支烟放在刚好够不到的地方。
根据歹徒后面的行为可以看出,歹徒对这个受害者发出冷笑,因此A选项符合题意。
11.
单选题
By the end of the Spring and Autumn Period slave society was()disintegration.
问题1选项
A.on the ground of
B.on the top of
C.in the light of
D.on the verge of
【答案】D
【解析】考查词组辨析。
A选项on the ground of“以……为理由,因为”;B选项on the top of“在……的顶部,在……之上”;C选项in the light of“根据,按照”;D选项on the verge of“濒临于,接近于”。
句意:到春秋末年,奴隶社会处于解体的_____。
这里表示的是奴隶社会濒临解体的边缘,因此D选项符合题意。
12.
单选题
The plants are in a(n)() plastic box, so the children can observe how the roots grow with time.
问题1选项
A.appropriate
B.intricate
C.transparent
D.waterproof
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项appropriate“合适的,适当的”;B选项intricate“复杂的,错综的”;C选项transparent“透明的,显然的”;D选项waterproof“防水的”。
句意:这些植物被放在一个()的塑料盒子里,这样孩子们就可以观察它们的根是怎么随着时间的推移生长的。
通过后半句的“孩子可以观察它的生长”可以得出,这个盒子应该是“透明的”才能便于孩子观察,因此C选项符合题意。
13. 翻译题
It’s often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is st anding still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving rich—overpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most people’s incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 perce nt, to $43,200. People feel “squeezed” because their rising incomes often don’t satisfy their rising wants—for bigger homes, more healthcare, more education, faster Internet connections.
【答案】人们常说只有富人在进步,而其他人保持原样或落后。
确实很多富人不配给那么多钱——如薪水
过高的主管人员。
不过任何一段较长的时间后,大部分人的收入会提高。
从1995年到2004年,除去通
胀因素,家庭平均收入提高了14.3%,达到了43200美元。
人们感觉“财政困难”,因为增长的收入常常
不能满足越来越高的需求——房子更大、医疗更完善、教育更优质、网络连接更快捷。
14.
单选题
The door closed behind Tweed as he scanned the handsomely()double room which overlooked Albemarle Street.
问题1选项
A.furnished
B.finished
C.supplies
D.provided
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语辨析。
A选项furnished“有家具的”,B选项finished“完成的;结束的”,C选
项supplied“有……提供的”,D选项provided“假如;倘若”,然后带入原文的句意得出句子应该是
想形容这个房间“装饰的很好”,因此A选项符合题意。
句意为:门在特威德身后关上了,他扫视着俯瞰
阿尔伯马尔街的那间陈设华丽的双人房。
15.
翻译题
The world is on the cusp of a staggering rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth and “secular stagnation”, while the swelling ranks of pen sioners will bust government budgets. But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers are putting off retirement while many less skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.
【答案】【参考译文】世界的老龄人口正在以惊人的速度增长,并且他们越活越长。
在未来的20年里,全球65岁以上的老年人数量将会翻番,从6000万到11亿。
根据20世纪的经验来看,当长寿意味着更长的退休时间和更短的工作时间时,很多人都会感觉到明显的经济增速减缓和长期经济停滞,同时越来越多的养老金申领人口会导致政府的预算破产。
当我们只关注于工作年轻人与闲散老年人的严重分化现象时,往往忽略了一个新的趋势,即不同人劳动技能之间日益加剧的差异。
缺乏技能的年轻人的就业率在下降,而经验丰富的高技术人才却工作得越来越久。
在美国,这样的分歧最为严重,婴儿潮时期出生的、受过良好教育的人们延迟退休,从而将技能不足的年轻人排挤出劳动力市场。