热能与动力工程专业英语
热能与动力工程专业英语重点 原版
1.开口系统：与外界既有物质交换又有能量交换，把研究对象控制在某个空间。
---定容积系统 An Open system (or a control volume 控制体积）is a properly selected region in space. Both mass and energy can cross the boundary of a control volume.such as, A Water heater, a turbine and a compressor, etc2.闭口系统：系统与外界只有能量（功量、热量）的交换而无质量交换。
——定质量系统A Closed system (a control mass 控制质量) consists of a fixed amount of mass, and no mass can cross its boundary. That is, no mass enters or leave a closed system.such as, Piston-cylinder device (汽缸-活塞装置）3.绝热系统：系统与外界只有功量和质量的交换，而无热量的交换。
Adiabatic system is that no heat cross the boundary or heat is negligible compared with work cross the boundary4.孤立系统：系统与外界既无能量交换又无质量交换，即系统与环境不发生任何作用。
Isolated system is a special case that no mass and energy cross the boundary.5.热力学第一定律：自然界一切物体都具有能量，能量有各种不同形式，它能从一种形式转化为另一种形式，从一个物体传递给另一个物体，在转化和传递过程中能量的总和不变。
热能与动力工程专业英语-1-SDU
考察方式
最终成绩以平时表现和期末成绩为准 比例20%+80% 闭卷考试
Chapter 1 Intro to thermal sciences New words
Acoustic flowmeter 声波流量计 Adiabatic 绝热的 Aerodynamics 空气动力学 Affiliation 联系 Airfoil 机翼，螺旋桨 Alternative fuel 替代燃料 Anemometer [.æ ni‵mɔmitə] 风速计， 风力计
New words
Equilibrium 平衡 均衡 Fluid mechanics 流体力学 Forced convection 强制对流 Free convection 自然对流 Friction loss 摩擦损失 Glass ceramic 微晶玻璃，玻璃陶瓷 Heat engine 热机 Heat pump 热泵 Hydrofoil 水翼，水翼艇[英] [`haɪdrə.fɔɪl]
2012专业外语
授课教师： 赵红霞
授课内容
以阎维平 柳成文 主编的 《专业英语》 为 参考教材 课堂上尽量采用主动式交互式学习方式 尽量提高学生的口头英语表达能力
教学要求
掌握常见的英文热动制冷专业词汇 注意中英文之间的联系和对应 能够将中文科技资料翻译成英文 能够将英文资料翻译成中文
New words
Vortex shedding 漩涡脱落 Water faucet 水龙头，水嘴[`fɔ:sɪt]
Abbreviations
热能与动力工程专业英语单词汇总
1st1.axial [‘æksiəl] 轴向的2.blade [bleid] 叶片3.case/casing [keis] 壳体4.centrifugal [sen‘trifjuɡəl] 离心的5.chamber [‘tʃeimbə] 室6.diffuser [di‘fju:zə] 扩压器7.discharge [dis‘tʃɑ:dʒ] 流量；排出8.draft [drɑ:ft] 吸出，通风9.generator [‘dʒenəreitə] 发电机10.hydraulic/hydro [hai‘drɔ:lik] 水（力）的11.impeller [im‘pelə] 叶轮12.machinery [mə‘ʃi:nəri] 机械13.mixed-flow 混流的14.passage ['pæsidʒ] 流道15.pressure [‘preʃə] 压力16.pump [pʌmp] 泵17.runner [‘rʌnə] 转轮18.rotor [‘rəutə] 转子19.shaft [ʃɑ:ft] 传动轴20.spiral [‘spaiərəl] 螺旋形的21.stator [‘steitə] 定子22.suction [‘sʌkʃən] 吸入（出）23.turbine [‘tə:bain] 水轮机，透平，涡轮机24.tubular [‘tju:bjulə] 管状的25.vane [vein] 叶片26.volute [və‘lju:t] 螺旋形27.wheel [hwi:l] 水轮28.wicket [‘wikit] 导叶；小闸门29.Axial/mixed-flow/centrifugal/volute pump 轴流/混流/离心/旋流泵30.Kaplan/Francis/bulb/tubular/Pelton turbine 轴流/混流/灯泡/贯流/水斗水轮机31.Hydraulic machinery/pump/turbine 水力机械/水泵/水轮机32.Pump turbine 水泵水轮机33.Spiral/volute casing 蜗壳34.Volute/runner chamber 蜗壳室/转轮室35.Draft tube/bend/cone/elbow 尾水管/弯管/泄水锥/肘管36.Diffuser vane 扩压叶片37.Diffusing passage 扩压流道38.Stay vane 固定导叶39.Wicket gate 活动导叶40.Pressure/suction side 压力/吸力侧41.Suction eye 吸入孔42.Suction height 吸出高度43.Volute suction 涡形吸入室44.Volute throat 蜗壳喉部45.Volute tongue 蜗壳隔舌2nd1.Cascade [kæs'keid] 叶栅2.Lift/resistance [ri'zistəns] force 升力/阻力3.Pitch(wise) 节距（方向的）4.Span(wise) 翼展（方向的）5.Stream(wise) 流线（方向的）6.Chord [kɔ:d] 弦，弦长7.Chord length 弦长8.Chord-spacing ratio 叶栅稠密度9.Velocity triangle 速度三角形10.Absolute/relative velocity 绝对/相对速度11.Peripheral [pə'rifərəl] /Circumferential [sə,kʌmfə'renʃəl] velocity 圆周速度12.Tangential [tæn'dʒenʃəl] /axial/radial velocity 切向/轴向/径向速度13.Velocity circulation[,sə:kju'leiʃən] 速度环量14.Meridional [mə'ridiənəl] channel 子午（轴面）流道15.Meridional velocity 子午（轴面）速度16.Angular ['æŋɡjulə] velocity 角速度17.Revolution[,revə'lu:ʃən] speed 转速18.Specific [spi'sifik] speed 比转速19.Blade angle 叶片安放角20.Flow angle 水流角21.Incidence/attack angle 入射角/攻角22.Tip clearance 叶片外缘间隙23.Inlet/outlet edge 进出口边3rd&4th1.Head 水头2.Cavitation 空化3.Cavitation erosion/damage 空蚀4.Sand erosion 泥沙磨损5.Eddy/vortex 涡6.Vortex core 涡带7.Opening 开度8.No/over/partial load 空载/过载/部分载荷9.Hydraulic Thrust 水推力10.Pressure pulsation 压力脉动11.Torque/moment 转矩/力矩12.Viscosity 粘度13.Dynamic 动力学（的）14.Kinematic [,kini‘mætik]运动学（的）15.Vibration 振动16.Transient [‘trænsiənt] 瞬态的17.Resonance [‘rezənəns] 共振18.Amplitude 幅值19.Frequency 频率20.Water hammer 水锤21.Power/output 功率/出力22.Operating condition 工况23.Runaway 飞逸24.Characteristic 特性25.Performance 性能26.Rated 额定的27.Inertia [i‘nə:ʃiə] 惯性28.Penstock 压力钢管6th1.Continuous medium连续介质2.Body/Surface force体积力/表面力pressible [kəm'presəbl]可压缩的4.Capillarity [,kæpi‘lærəti]毛细（管）现象5.Surface tension表面张力6.Fluid dynamics/kinematics流体动力学/运动学7.Aerodynamics [,εərəudai'næmiks]空气动力学8.Statics 静力学9.Conservation of mass [,kɔnsə'veiʃən]质量守恒10.Euler/Lagrange[lə'greidʒ]欧拉/拉格朗日11.Stream line/surface/tube流线/流面/流管12.Path line迹线13.Steady/Unsteady定常/非定常14.Integral/Differential [,difə'renʃəl]积分/微分15.Material derivative[di‘rivətiv]随体导数16.Divergence [dai'və:dʒəns ]散度17.Curl 旋度18.Bernoulli equation [bə:'nu:li]伯努利方程19.Irrotational flow[,irəu‘teiʃənəl]无旋流20.Potential flow [pəu'tenʃəl] 有势流21.Velocity potential速度势22.Stream function流函数plex potential ['kɔmpleks]复势24.Vorticity [vɔ:'tisəti]涡量25.Vortex dynamics涡动力学26.Single phase flow单相流27.Axisymmetric flow[,æksisi‘metrik]轴对称流7th1.Constitutive [‘kɔnstitju:tiv] equation 本构方程2.Tensor张量3.Strain rate应变率4.Normal stress正应力5.Shear stress剪切应力6.Newtonian [nju:'təuniən] fluid牛顿流体7.Thermodynamics[,θə:məudai'næmiks]热力学8.Definite condition定解条件9.Initial condition初始条件10.Boundary condition边界条件11.Adhesion [əd‘hi:ʒən] condition粘附条件12.No slip condition无滑移条件13.Rotation有旋性14.Dissipation [disi'peiʃən]耗散性15.Diffusivity [,difju:sivəti]扩散性16.Similarity law 相似律17.Geometric similarity几何相似18.Mechanical similitude力学相似19.Dimensionless/Non-dimensional无量纲20.Reynolds ['renəldz] number雷诺数21.Froude [fru:d] number 弗劳德数22.Strouhal [strəuhæl]number斯特劳哈尔数23.Euler/Mach number欧拉数24.Model test模型试验8th1.Turbulence['tə:bjuləns] 湍流minar['læminə] 层流3.Statistical [stə‘tistikəl] theory统计理论4.Ensemble [eŋ‘sɔŋblə] average系综平均5.Turbulent kinetic [ki'netik] energy湍动能6.Producing rate生成率7.Dissipation rate耗散率8.Turbulivity[tə:bju‘liviti]湍流度9.Reynolds stress雷诺应力10.Transport equation输运方程11.Isotropy [ai‘sɔtrəpi]各向同性12.Energy spectrum[‘spektrəm] 能谱13.Turbulent closed mode湍流封闭模式14.Wall function 壁面函数15.Eddy viscosity model涡粘模型16.Coherent [kəu‘hiərənt]structure拟序（相干）结构17.Boundary layer边界层18.Adverse pressure gradient逆压梯度19.Viscous friction粘性摩阻20.Reverse flow回流9th1.Perfect gas理想气体2.State equation状态方程3.Density/Temperature 密度/温度4.Gas constant ['kɔnstənt]气体常数5.Heat conduction [kən'dʌkʃən]热传导6.Specific heat capacity/ratio比热容/比热比7.Internal energy内能8.Enthalpy [en‘θælpi]焓9.Entropy [‘entrəpi]熵10.Adiabatic [,ædiə‘bætik]绝热的11.Isentropy [‘isentrəpi]等熵12.Acoustic [ə‘ku:stik] velocity声速13.Subsonic/Transonic/Supersonic/Hypersonic压/跨/超/高超音速14.Stagnation [stæɡ‘neiʃən] 滞止15.Critical parameter临界参数16.Velocity coefficient [,kəui'fiʃənt]速度系数17.Shock wave激波pression wave压缩波10th1.Anemometry [,æni‘mɔmitri]测速法2.Visco(si)metry [vis‘kɔmitri]粘度测定法3.Flow visualization[,vizjuəlai'zeiʃən]流动显示4.Oil smoke/film visualization油烟/油膜显示5.Orifice ['ɔrifis ]meter孔板流量计6.Wind/water tunnel风/水洞7.Shock tube激波管8.Towing ['təuiŋ] tank拖拽水池9.Rotating arm basin ['beisən]旋臂水池10.Pressure tap测压孔11.Manometer [mə'nɔmitə]压力计12.Anemometer [,æni‘mɔmitə]流速计13.Velocimetry [,ve'ləsimitri]速度测量学ser Doppler ['dɔplə] Velocimetry多普勒激光测速法15.Particle Image Velocimetry粒子图像测速法16.Flow meter流量计17.Vorticity meter涡量计18.Sensor/ transd ucer[trænz‘dju:sə]传感器11th1.Continuity[,kɔnti‘nju:iti] equation连续性方程2.Momentum/energy equation动量/能量方程3.Nonlinear [nɔn‘liniə]非线性4.Partial differential equation偏微分方程5.Convection diffusion equation对流扩散方程6.Direct Numerical Simulation直接数值模拟7.Finite difference method有限差分法8.Finite volume method有限体积法9.Finite element method有限元法10.Conservation form守恒形式11.Grid/mesh generation网格生成12.(Un)Structured grid（非）结构化网格13.Grid independence网格无关性14.Difference scheme差分格式15.Second order accuracy二阶精度16.Elliptic [i‘liptik ]equation椭圆型方程17.Parabolic [,pærə‘bɔlik] equation抛物型方程18.Hyperbolic [,haipə‘bɔlik] equation双曲型方程19.Consistency [kən‘sistənsi] condition相容条件20.Implicit [im‘plisit] scheme隐式格式21.Explicit [ik‘splisit] scheme显示格式22.Residual[ri‘zidjuəl]残差23.Parallel [‘pærəlel] computing并行计算24.Cluster [‘k lʌstə]机群25.Pre/post process前/后处理。
热能与动力工程专业英语1
(Heat transfer is the science)传热学是一门试图预测热量传递可以发生在温差存在的两个物体之间的科学。
(Thermodynamics teaches that this)热力学告诉我们能量的传递以热量的形式。
传热学不仅可以解释热能怎样被传送,同样可以预测在某种特殊的情况下产生的热交换率。
实际上热交换率的客观分析指出了传热学和热力学之间的差异。
热力学研究对象是处于平衡状态的系统,他可能被用于预测一个系统从一种平衡状态改变到另一种状态所需要的能量的多少,他可能不被用于预测发生在非平衡状态下的系统的热的交换量有多快。
传热学通过提供了可以作为科学中的热力学被用作传热项目基础的实验法则是非常简单的并且容易扩展到各种各样的实际情况当中。
(When a temperature gradient)当温度梯度存在于一个物体中时,经验显示能量将会从高温区域传递到低温区域,我们说能量是通过导热传递并且单位面积的传热效率于法向温度梯度成正比。
(When a fluid at rest or in motion)当流体以不同的温度与一块平板的表面接触且处于静止或运动时据热力学法则规定能量将朝低温区域流动,我们说热量被交换走了并且我们把这个过程称为对流换热过程。
(For both situations shown in fig,1.2)对于表1.2所示的两种情况我们用牛顿冷却定律来表述对流的整体作用。
(The temperature Tw is that)温度Tw是直接与平板表面接触的温度,温度T∞是为了确保平板表面温度不产生明显影响而使流体远离平板表面的所在区域的温度,面积A是与流体接触的表面区域,并且我们应该注意A与热流方向垂直。
比例因子h被叫做传热系数(也是单位面积的导热量或对流换热量)并且取决于几何布置、方向和表面状况(光滑或粗糙)、还有流体的物性和速度。
(There are two convection modes)有两种对流换热模型:强制对流换热和自然对流换热,如果一块被加热的平板暴露一个周围没有额外动因的房子里,空气的流动将经验的被认为是平板附近存在密度梯度的结果,我们称之为自然对流或是无常对流,强制对流与此相反,经验的认为是在风扇吧空气吹到平板上的情况。
能源与动力工程专业英语词汇
专业名称•动力工程及工程热物理:Power Engineering and Engineering Thermophysics工程热物理:Thermal Physics of Engineering •动力工程:Power Engineering;Dynamic Engineering•热能工程:Thermal Engineering(Thermal Energy Engineering•制冷与低温工程:Refrigeration and Cryogenic[ˌkraɪəˈdʒɛnɪk]Engineering •流体机械及工程:Fluid Mechanics and Engineering•热能动力工程:Thermal Energy and Dynamic Engineering•能源与动力工程学院:School of Energy and Power Engineering热力学thermodynamics1.adiabatic process[ˌædiəˈbætɪk]绝热过程2.aerodynamics[ˌeroʊdaɪˈnæmɪks]空气动力学,空气动力学专家,n,adj空气动力学的3.buoyancy[ˈbɔɪənsi,ˈbujən-]浮升力pressibility压缩性5.gasdynamics气体动力学6.hydraulics[haɪˈdrɔlɪks]水力学7.hydrodynamics流体水力学8.hydrostatics[ˌhaɪdrə'stætɪks]流体静力学9.open system开口系统10.reversible process[rɪˈvɚsəbəl]可逆过程11.thermodynamics equilibrium[ˌikwəˈlɪbriəm]热力平衡12.viscous[ˈvɪskəs]粘性的13.inviscid[ɪn'vɪsɪd]无粘性的14.thermodynamics、thermodynamic property热力学、热力性质15.entropy[ˈɛntrəpi]熵16.enthalpy[en'θælpɪ]焓17.internal energy内能18.potential energy势能19.kinetic energy动能20.work功21.mechanical/shaft work机械功/轴功22.flow work流动功23.specific volume比容24.cycle循环25.Saturated temperature/pressure/liquid/ vapor[ˈsætʃəreɪtɪd]饱和温度/压力/液体/蒸汽26.subcooled liquid过冷液体27.quality(蒸汽干度28.dry saturated vapor干饱和蒸汽29.superheated vapor过热蒸汽30.the first/second law of thermodynamics热力学第一/二定律31.the law of the conservation of energy能量守恒定律32.reversible/irreversible process可逆/不可逆过程33.pressure drop压降34.heat exchanger热交换器35.entropy production熵产[ˈɛntrəpi]36.coefficient of performance性能系数37.refrigerating capacity/effect制冷量38.Carnot cycle卡诺循环/nit/39.refrigerating efficiency制冷效率40.equation of state状态方程41.ideal gas constant理想气体常数42.isotherm等温线43.triple point三相点44.hydrocarbons碳氢化合物/烃45.cryogenic低温学[ˌkraɪəˈdʒenɪk]46.least-square fitting最小二乘法47.specific heat/specific heat capacity比热/比热容48.azeotropic mixture共沸混合物[əˌzi:ə'trɒpɪk]49.zeotropic mixture非共沸混合物50.dew point(temperature露点(温度[dju: pɔint][du pɔɪnt]51.isentropic compression/process等熵压缩/过程[aɪsen'trɒpɪk]52.condenser冷凝器53.evaporator蒸发器54.expansion valve膨胀阀55.throttling valve节流阀pressor压缩机pressor displacement压缩机排气量58.volumetric efficiency容积效率59.single-stage/two-stage/double-stage/compound compression单/双级压缩60.intercool/intercooler中间冷却(器61.intermediate pressure中间压力62.pressure ratio压力比63.insulating material保温材料流体力学1.流体力学fluid mechanics2. 动力粘度 absolute/dynamicviscosity3. 速度梯度 velocity gradient英[ˈgreɪdiənt]美[ˈɡrediənt]4. 运动粘度 kinematic viscosity英[ˌkɪnɪ'mætɪk]美[ˌkɪnə'mætɪk]英 [vɪ'skɒsətɪ]美 [vɪˈskɑsɪti] 5. 伯努力方程Bernoulli Equation英 [bə:ˈnu:liiˈkweiʃən]6. 体积流量 volumetric flow rate7. 质量流量 mass flow rate8. 层流 laminar flow9. 紊流 turbulence/turbulentflow10. 雷诺数 Reynolds number11. 摩擦力 friction/frictionalforce12. 摩擦系数 coefficient of friction13. 微分方程 differential equation14. 阻力 drag force 或 resistance15. 阻力系数 drag coefficient传热学1. 热传递 heat transfer2. 热传导 thermal conduction3. 热对流 thermal convection4. 热辐射 thermal radiation5. 层流底层 laminar sublayer6. 过渡层 buffer layer, 缓冲区或人, buffer dinner 自助餐 buffet 英[ˈbʌfit]7. 强迫对流 forced convection8. 自然 /自由对流 natural/freeconvection9. 稳态导热 steady-state conduction10. 导热系数 thermal conductivity11. 热阻 thermal resistance12. (总传热系数 (overallheat transfer coefficient13. 表面积 surface area14. 串联 series 系列15. 并联 parallel 英[ˈpærəlel]并行, Parallel computing 并行计算16. 接触热阻 contact thermal resistance17. (对数平均温差(logarithmicmean temperature difference [ˌlɒɡə'rɪðmɪk]18. 顺流 parallel flow19. 逆流 counter flow20. 相变 phase change21. 冷库 cold storage 热库 thermal reservoir/heat bath22. 边界条件 boundary condition23. 黑体辐射 blackbody radiation24. 辐射力 emissive power25. 维恩位移定律Wien’s displacement Law 26. 半球发射率 hemispherical emittance [ˌhemɪˈsferɪkl]27. 吸收率 absorptance 英 [əb'sɔ:ptəns] 28. 透射率 transmittance英 [træns'mɪtns]n. 播送 ; 发射 ; 传动 ; 透明度 ; 29. 反射率 reflectance30. 漫射辐射 diffuse radiation31.(充分发展的层流 /紊流 fully developed laminar/turbulentflow湿空气1. 湿空气学 psychrometrics2. 干空气 dry air3. 湿空气 moistair4. 大气压 barometricpressure5. 热力学温标 thermodynamic temperature scale6. 含湿量 humidity ratio7. 比焓 specific enthalpy 英[en'θælpɪ]8. 比熵 specific entropy 英[ˈentrəpi]9. 绝对湿度 absolute humidity10. 饱和含湿量 saturation humidity ratio 英[ˌsætʃəˈreɪʃn]英[ˈreɪʃiəʊ]11. 相对湿度 relative humidity12. 热力学湿球温度 thermodynamic wet-bulb temperature13. 分压力 partial pressure14. 总压 total pressure15. 通用气体常数 universal gas constant 16. 湿球 /干球温度 dry-bulb/wet-bulbtemperature 17. 焓湿图 psychrometric chart制冷空调1. 集中 /分散供冷 central/decentralizedcooling 英[ˌdi:'sentrəlaɪzd]2. 锅炉 boiler3. 往复 /螺杆 /离心 /涡旋式压缩机 /冷水机组 reciprocating/helicalrotary(或screw/centrifugal/scrollcompressor/waterchiller unit4. 吸收式制冷 /冷水机组 absorption refrigeration/waterchiller unit5. 热回收 heat reclaim/recovery6. 冷却塔 cooling tower7. 空气 /水冷却冷凝器 air-cooled/water-cooled condenser8. 蒸发式冷凝器 evaporative condenser9. 净正吸入压力 /压头 netpositive suction pressure/head10. 供 /回干管 main supply/returnline11. 二 /三通阀 two/three-wayvalve12. 平衡阀 balancing valve13.一次/二次冷冻水系统primary/secondary chilled water system14.备用泵spare pump15.疏水器、存水弯、水封trap16.水/冰蓄冷water/ice thermal storage17.空气/水/地源热泵air/water/ground source heat pump18.定/变风量constant/variable air volume19.经济器economizer20.静/动压static/dynamic pressure21.毛细管capillary tube英[kəˈpɪləri]22.全封闭压缩机hermetically sealed/hermetic compressor英[hɜ:ˈmetɪk]23.半封闭式压缩机semi-hermetic/semi-hermetically sealed compressor24.直接膨胀direct expansion26.离心/轴流式风机centrifugal/axial fan英[ˈæksiəl]27.立管riser英['raɪzə]28.内/外平衡式热力膨胀阀internally/externally equalized thermostatic expansion valve29.吸/排气管suction/discharge line30.电磁阀solenoid valve美['solə,nɔɪd]31.恒压阀constant pressure valve32.迎风面积/速度face area/velocity33.(一拖多分体式空调器(multi-split air conditioner34.水环热泵water loop heat pump35.能效比energy efficiency ratio36.变容压缩/压缩机positive displacement compression/compressor37.速度/动压式压缩/压缩机velocity/dynamic compression/compressor38.流量系数flow coefficient39.水锤water hammer40.闸阀gate valve41.球阀ball valve42.蝶阀butterfly valve43.平衡阀balancing valve44.安全阀safety/relief valve n.救济;减轻,解除;安慰;浮雕45.止回阀check/backflow prevention valve boiler锅炉1.air heater空气预热器2.auxiliary辅助的,辅机[ɔ:gˈzɪliəri]3.bare tube光管4.blast[英][blɑ:st]鼓风5.blowdown排污6.capacity[英][kəˈpæsəti]出力7.cogenerator热电联产机组pressor压缩机bustion燃烧10.condenser凝汽器11.counterflow逆流12.critical pressure临界压力13.diesel oil柴油gasoline,gaslene, gas,petro(英,汽油14.drainage疏水、排水设备,排水系统15.drum汽包16.economizer[英][i:'kɒnəmaɪzə]省煤器17.excess air[英][ɪkˈses]过量空气18.extended surface扩展受热面19.fin鳍片、肋片、散热片、翅片20.flue gas烟气21.fluid(-bed流化床(fluidizedbed[英]['flu:ɪdaɪzd22.furnace炉膛23.fouling污垢,击球出界(羽毛球 [英]['faʊlɪŋ]24.generator发电机25.header联箱、集箱,集管26.hopper[英][ˈhɒpə(r]斗、料斗l磨煤机(pulverizer[英]['pʌlvəraɪzə]28.motor汽车、马达、电动机29.platen屏、管屏[美]['plætən]30.Prandtl numbers普朗特数31.pressure loss压力损失32.regenerator回热器,蓄热器,再生器[英][rɪ'dʒenəˌreɪtə]33.Reynolds numbers雷诺数34.slag结渣美[slæɡ]35.sootblower吹灰器美[su:tb'ləʊər]36.steam line blowing蒸汽管路吹洗37.superheater过热器38.turbine汽轮机39.suction真空,负压steam turbine蒸汽轮机40.gas turbine燃气轮机41.back pressure背压42.blower送风机、吹灰器43.boundary layer边界层44.chimney英[ˈtʃɪmni]烟囱、烟道、烟筒45.cooling tower冷却水塔46.coupling连接,连接法兰,耦合47.critical speed临界转速48.cylinder圆筒、汽缸49.head汽包封头、扬程、水头50.impeller叶轮、推进器、压缩器rge turbine-generator unit大型汽轮发电机组52.non-destructive testing(NDT无损检验53.digital-controlled machine数控机床54.fixed blade固定叶片,导向叶片55.operational speed运行转速56.outing casing外缸57.inner casing内缸58.rigid coupling刚性连轴器solid coupling59.rotor转子60.stress concentration应力集中61.two-shift operation两班制运行62.wake尾流Thermal Power Plant:热电厂1.automatic control system:自动控制系统2.boiler feed pump:锅炉给水泵feed pump:给水泵3.chamber:燃烧室/ei/4.circulating water:循环水5.check valve:止回阀,逆止阀6.non-return valve:逆止阀,止回阀7.controlling valve:控制阀,调节阀8.cooling water(CW:冷却水9.cycle efficiency:循环效率10.data processing system:数据处理系统11.de-aerator[英]['eɪəreɪtə]除氧器12.de-aerator tank:除氧水箱13.desuperheater:减温器14.desuperheater spraywater:喷水减温15.drain pump:疏水泵16.full-load:满负荷erning system:调速系统(governing:调节,调整18.heat-transfer coefficient:换热系数19.isolating valve:隔离阀20.load rejection:甩(抛负荷21.main steam:主汽22.motorized isolating valve:电动隔离阀23.lubricating oil:润滑油24.nuclear plant:核电厂25.orifice:[orifis]孔,口,孔板26.pipework:管路27.power station:电厂28.pressure reducing valve:减压装置29.reliability:安全性,可靠性30.relief valve:安全阀31.running speed:运行转速32.sealing:密封,封闭,焊封33.self-sealing:自密封的34.stainless steel:不锈钢35.stop valve:断流阀,截止阀36.strainer:滤盆,滤器,滤网,拉紧装置37.supercritical plant:超临界机组38.synchronizer:英]['sɪŋkrənaɪzə]同步器,同步机,同步装置39.throttle:节流阀[美]/ˈθrɑ:tl/喉咙,气管,vt.&vi.扼杀,压制;勒死,使窒息;使节流40.turbine-generator unit:汽轮发电机组41.ultra-supercritical:超超临界英][ˈʌltrə] [美]['ʌltrə]42.vacuum:真空43.vent:通道,通风口44.actuator:/aiktjueite/执行机构45.brake:闸,制动器46.damper:[美]['dæmpər]挡板,调节风门47.distributed control system(DCS分散控制系统48.disturbance:干扰,扰动49.feedback control:反馈控制50.forced draught(FDfan:送风机[英][fɔ:st drɑ:ft/51.furnace purge:炉膛吹扫ernor valve:调节阀53.induced draught(IDfan:引风机54.make-up pump:补水泵55.overheating:过热,超温56.preamp:前置放大器/ˈpriæmp/57.primary air fan:一次风机58.sensor:传感器59.shutdown:停机,停炉,停运,关机,关闭;倒闭,停工,停业,停播。
热能与动力工程专业英语翻译 6.1
6.1‟s most efficient speed is usually much higher than that of the machine it is driving ,so a speed reduction gear usually has to be used .600 000马力的汽轮机。
转子——叶轮上装有动叶，转子两端装有轴颈。
轴承箱——安装在气缸上，用来支承转子的轴。
调速器和阀门系统——通过控制蒸汽流量来调节涡轮的速度和出力，同时还有轴承润滑系统以及一套安全装置。
某种类型的联轴器——用来连接从动机械…catch ‟the steam from the nozzle smoothly ,and they are curved so that they change the direction of the jet and in so doing receive an impulse which pushes6.1（见原文）所示为一种简单的冲动式汽轮机。
…reaction ‟ turbine .moving blades are also nozzles ,similar to the stationary nozzles but facing the other way ,and in addition to catching and deflecting the steam issuing from the stationary（见原文中图6.2）它综合了冲力和反作用力的原理。
6.2中的涡轮壳带有一整圈喷嘴，这些喷嘴和反冲式涡轮机里的一样，也是弯曲的，并以最有效的角度引导蒸汽喷向转动的叶片。
,under these conditions the exhaust volume flow becomes large ,and it is necessary to have more than one exhaust stage ;for example ,a large turbine may have three are“axial flow ”turbine .“double flow ”.drops can damage the blades and reduce the turbine efficiency ,and this is one reason why the steam ,after passing through the high-pressure turbine ,idea sometimes。
热能与动力工程专业英语(整理版)
热能与动力工程Thermal Energy and Power Engineering材料与能源学院：Institute of Materials and Energy空调制冷：refrigeration and air conditioning热传导：thermol conduction学生毕业后能胜任现代火力发电厂,制冷与低温工程及相关的热能与动力工程专业的技术与管理工作,并能从事其它能源动力领域的专门技术工作.The graduates may find employment of technology and management in the fields of the Thermal Energy &Power Engineering (TEPE) and its relevance, such as modern power plant or the Refrigeration and Cryogenics Engineering (RCE), the graduates may also engaged in the special technique in the fields related to TEPE.现代空气动力学、流体力学、热力学、水力学以及航空航天工程、水利水电工程、热能工程、流体机械工程都提出了一系列复杂流动问题,其中包括高速流、低速流、管道流、燃烧流、冲击流、振荡流、涡流、湍流、旋转流、多相流等等A series of complicated flow problems have been posed in modern fluid mechanics, aero dynamics, thermodynamics, and aeronautical and aerospace engineering, water conservancy and hydropower engineering, heat energy engineering, fluid machinery engineering, and so on, and they cover high-speed flow, low-speed flow, eddy flow, turbulent flow, burning flow, impact flow, oscillating flow, backflow, and two-phase flow, etc.In the thermal engineering, the studied objects normally are isolated from one another and then we try to analysis the change and interaction, the studied objects isolated is named thermodynamic system.在热力工程中，通常将研究对象分离出来再分析其变化及（与外界）的相互作用，该对象即热力系统。
热能与动力工程专业英语单词
a heat sink 热井cross flow 错流、对冲流动abscissa 横坐标crude oil 原油absorb 吸收crystallize 瞬间absorbent 吸附剂cycolne 旋风分离器absorptivity 吸收率damper 挡板activation energy 活化能deaerating heater 除氧器adsorb 吸附dehumidification 去湿air compressor 空气压缩机density 密度air heater 空气预热器diminishing ratio 下降比例air preheater 空气预热器distill 蒸馏air conditioning 空调distillation 精馏air-cooled steam condenser 空冷式凝汽器dynamic 力学air-entrainment 空气携带economizer 省煤器alcohol 酒精eddy 涡旋alternative energy 替代能源electric generator 发电机automatic control 自动控制electrostaticprecipitator静电除尘器axial 轴向enthalpy 焓axial fan 轴流风机entranred flow 气流床bench-scale 实验室规模entropy 熵blade 叶片erosion 腐蚀blower 鼓风机et cd. 。
等人boiler 锅炉ethanol 乙醇bubble 气泡evaporator 蒸发器bubbling type offluidized bed鼓泡流化床expansion joint 膨胀节burner 燃烧器factor 因子carbon monoxide 一氧化碳feedwater heater 给水加热器carrier air 输送空气fission 裂变catalyst 固体催化剂fixed carbon 固定碳centrifugal fan 离心式风机flue gas 烟气chromatography 色谱法flue gas analysis 烟气分析circulating fluidizedbed循环流化床fluidized-bed 流化床coal feeder 给煤机flying ash 飞灰coal water slarry pump 煤浆泵fossil fuels 化石燃料coefficient 系数fouling 污垢coflow 同轴流动fractionate 分馏coke-oven gas 焦炉气free radical 自由基因column 柱子furnace 火炉combined cycle 联合循环gas turbine 燃气轮机combustion efficiency 燃烧效率gasifier 气化炉Combustion chamber 燃烧器heat engine 热机compressor 压缩机heat pump 热泵concentrate 浓缩heat transfer 传热过程condensor 冷凝器heat transport 强调阶段constant 常数heating surface 受热面control vavle 控制阀heating ventilationair-conditioning供暖通风空调control volume 控制体积heat-recovery steamgenerator余热锅炉coolant 冷却剂heat-transfercoefficient传热系数cooling tower 冷却塔heavy water 重水coordinate 坐标系heterogeneous 多相的counter flow 逆流homogeneous 同相horizon 范围，横坐标power plant 电厂hydraulic diameter 水力直径pressure drop 压力降hydraulic turbine 水力透平pressure losses 压力损失immiscible 不相混的pressure vessel 压力容器interfacial tense 表面张力primary air fan 一次风机internal combustionengine内燃机propeller 推进者ion-exchange equipment 离子交换器pulverized fuel 粉状燃料is entropically 等熵pulverized fuel 煤粉isentropically 等熵purging 吹扫kinematic viscosity 动力粘度quench chamber 激冷室kinetics 动力学radial blade 径向叶片kinetin energy 动能reaction 反应器laminar flame 层流火焰reactor 反应堆laminar flow 层流recuperator 同流换热器leak 泄露refraction 折射leakage 泄漏refrigerant 制冷剂light water 轻水reheat cycle 再热循环mechanical work 机械功reheater 再热器mechanics 机械学residence time 停留时间methanol 甲醇residual oil 渣油methy 甲基saturated 饱和的moderator 慢化剂saturationtemperature饱和温度Moment of inertia 转力惯量scale 标量momentum 动量scrubbing 洗涤multiphase 多相shaft 轴multistage 多级shear forces 剪切力needle value 针阀shear tension 剪切应力noise pollution 噪音污染shell-and-tube 管壳noncondensable gas 非凝结性气体Shift 改变nondimensional 无量纲的shut down 停车nonreturn vavle 止回阀silencer 消音器normal operation 正常运行slag 渣nozzle 喷嘴sludge 污泥nuclear fuel 核燃料specific heat 比热nuclear power plant 核电站Specific volume 比容oil-pump 油泵spectral 光谱的once through boiler 直流锅炉spectrum 光谱ordinate 纵坐标stack 烟囱orifice 节流孔板stage 级overview 综述startup 启动oxide 氧化物steam generator 蒸汽发生器oxygen scavenger 除氧剂steam turbine 汽轮机oxygen 氧气sterilize 消毒packing column 填充柱stoichimetric 化学当量paral flow 并流stop vavle 截止阀parallel flow 顺流sulfur dioxide 二氧化硫parameter 参数superheater 过热器piping 管道thermal conductivity 导热系数piston 活塞thermal efficiency 热效率potential energy 势能thermal energy 热能thermodynamics 热力学turbulence 湍流Thermodynamics cycle 热力循环universal gasconstant通用气体常数thermophysical 热物性的vacuum 真空throttling loss 节流损失variable 变量timing injection 定时喷射vector 矢量trioxide 三氧化物vortex 涡流tubular type 扁平型的water level 水位turbine 透平waterwall 水冷壁turbo 涡轮work interactions 做功。
热能与动力工程专业英语-翻译(李瑞扬)
1.3 The Characteristics of Fluids 流体的特征constituent：组成的；tangential：切向的；restrain：限制、约束；equilibrium：平衡，均衡；interface：相互关系、分界面；molecule：微小颗粒、分子；continuum：连续体；vessel：容器；tar：焦油、柏油；pitch：树脂；imperceptibly：发觉不到的，细微的；restore：恢复；subside：下沉、沉淀、减退、衰减；hypothetically：假设地、假想地；sphere：球、球体；microvolume：微元体积；rarest：最稀罕的，虽珍贵的A fluid is a substance which may flow; that is, its constituent particles may continuously change their positions relative to one another. Moreover, it offers no lasting resistance to the displacement, however great, of one layer over another. This means that, if the fluid is at rest, no shear force (that is a force tangential to the surface on which it acts )can exist in it. A solid, on the other hand, can resist a shear force while at rest; the shear force may cause some displacement of one layer over another, but the material does not continue to move indefinitely. In a fluid, however, shear forces are possible only while relative movement between layers is actually taking place. A fluid is further distinguished from a solid in that a given amount of it owes its shape at any particular time to that of a vessel containing it, or to forces which in some way restrain its movement. 流体是可以流动的物质，也就是说，组成流体的质点可以连续的改变它们的相对位置。
最新热能与动力工程专业英语(整理版)
热能与动力工程Thermal Energy and Power Engineering材料与能源学院：Institute of Materials and Energy空调制冷：refrigeration and air conditioning热传导：thermol conduction学生毕业后能胜任现代火力发电厂,制冷与低温工程及相关的热能与动力工程专业的技术与管理工作,并能从事其它能源动力领域的专门技术工作.The graduates may find employment of technology and management in the fields of the Thermal Energy &Power Engineering (TEPE) and its relevance, such as modern power plant or the Refrigeration and Cryogenics Engineering (RCE), the graduates may also engaged in the special technique in the fields related to TEPE.现代空气动力学、流体力学、热力学、水力学以及航空航天工程、水利水电工程、热能工程、流体机械工程都提出了一系列复杂流动问题,其中包括高速流、低速流、管道流、燃烧流、冲击流、振荡流、涡流、湍流、旋转流、多相流等等A series of complicated flow problems have been posed in modern fluid mechanics, aero dynamics, thermodynamics, and aeronautical and aerospace engineering, water conservancy and hydropower engineering, heat energy engineering, fluid machinery engineering, and so on, and they cover high-speed flow, low-speed flow, eddy flow, turbulent flow, burning flow, impact flow, oscillating flow, backflow, and two-phase flow, etc.In the thermal engineering, the studied objects normally are isolated from one another and then we try to analysis the change and interaction, the studied objects isolated is named thermodynamic system.在热力工程中，通常将研究对象分离出来再分析其变化及（与外界）的相互作用，该对象即热力系统。
热能动力工程专业英语
contents
目录
• Overview of Thermal Power Engineering
• Fundamentals of Thermal Power Engineering
• Professional vocabulary for thermal power engineering
Application fields of thermal power engineering
Power generation
Thermal power plants are the main way of power generation, accounting for a large promotion of global electricity production
• Integration with information technology: The integration of thermal power engineering with information technology allows for more effective monitoring, control, and optimization of thermal power plants
• Radiation Heat Transfer: Radiation heat transfer occurs when electromagnetic waves transfer energy between objects Understanding radiation heat transfer is important for designing heat exchanges and other thermal systems
热能动力工程专业英语课件
2.1 Grammar Features
2) A thermodynamic system , as it was pointed out above, is a fixed quantity of matter contained within some enclosure.
A thermodynamic system, as pointed out above, is a fixed quantity of matter contained within some enclosure. 如上所述，热力系统是一包围在某一封闭边界内的具有固定质量的物质。 3) Matter is anything having weight and occupying space.
当前大部分资料都可以通过互联网传播，而这些资料中90％以上都 是英语。
世界上科技情报资料的交流主要靠使用英语,对子热能动力工程、制 冷与空调等专业来说，绝大部分专业资料和信息都是以英语形式出现。
(2) 研究成果展示 专业英语写作能力
申报国家奖项 申请专利 发表学术论文：85％以上的科技资料都是以英语形式出版的
(3) 省略句使用频繁 (精炼) 省略成分：状语从句中的主语、全部或部分谓语；定语从句中的关系代词 which和that、从句中的助词等；还常用介词短语替代从句。
1) If it is possible, the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.
能源与动力工程专业英语 Specialized English for Energy and Power Engineering
2021/4/16
热能与动力工程专业英语4.1翻译
311 在应用稳定流动方程中，略去动能和势能项，因为流速低以避免 流体阻力和令人讨厌的压力损失，并且给定制冷系统内的高度变化通 常很小，因此这些项在数值上市微不足道的。
(4.4)
12 由于系统是循环的，在冷凝器中排出的热必须等于蒸发器所吸收的 热和压缩机功的总和。 413 性能系数(COP)被用来评价制冷系数的性能。COP=制冷效果/输 入的净功。 514 对 基 本 蒸 汽 压 缩 循 环 ， 从 公 式 (4.1) 和 (4.3) ， COP 是 COP=(h1-h4)/(h2-h1) 615 在评价压缩机对热力系统的贡献是，有必要考虑压缩机进出口的 制冷剂参数，这两点间的状态变化是（1）理想压缩机时的可逆绝热变 化， （2）绝热但不可逆变化（流体流经压缩机时伴随商的增加） ，理想 压缩机的变化用绝热压缩机效率来描述。 716 对容积式压缩机来说，一个热力学的重要考虑是余隙容积的影 响，即留在压缩机内没有被运动部件排出的制冷剂体积。对活塞式压 缩机来说，要考虑当活塞处于顶端中心位置是活塞和气缸头间的余隙 容积。17 在气缸排出压缩气体后，随着压力降到进口压力，余隙内的 气体再次膨胀到较大体积。 18 因此，按进口压力和温度时的情况计量，压缩机排出的制冷剂质量 比活塞扫过容积占有的质量要少，从数量上讲， 19 这种结果可由容积效率 nv 来表示 nv=ma/mt 式中 ma---每次冲程进入压缩机的新气的实际质量 mt---由排气体积代表的并在压缩机进口压力和温度时所确定的 气体理想质量。 820 容积效率度量了在使制冷剂蒸汽在循环中移动时， 压缩机活塞排 量的有效度。 21 由于制冷剂的比容大小不同，制冷剂的选择会影响压缩机排气量传 送的质量流量。 922 多级压缩机的设计参数之一是级间压力的选择， 在级间压力处制 冷剂温度由中间冷却器降低。 23 在最佳级间压力时，总功最小。 24 对理想气体的两极压缩来说，最佳级间压力是在吸气压力和排气压 力的几何平均初，并导致两极功量相等。 25 但是在制冷系统上使用多级压缩机不同于气体压缩机，因为级间压 力处冷却通常是由从循环某些其他部分转移来的制冷剂完成的。
热能与动力工程专业英语第四版
热能与动力工程专业英语第四版以下为您提供 20 个关于热能与动力工程专业的英语释义、短语、单词、用法及双语例句：1. **Thermal Energy and Power Engineering**：热能与动力工程- 释义：This term refers to the field that studies and applies technologies related to thermal energy conversion and power generation.- 例句：I'm majoring in Thermal Energy and Power Engineering at the university.（我在大学主修热能与动力工程。
）2. **Heat Transfer**：热传递- 释义：The process by which heat is transferred from one place to another.- 例句：Heat transfer is an important concept in thermal engineering. （热传递是热能工程中的一个重要概念。
）3. **Thermal Efficiency**：热效率- 释义：The ratio of the useful heat output to the total heat input in a thermal system.- 例句：Improving thermal efficiency is a key goal in power generation. （提高热效率是发电的关键目标。
）4. **Power Generation**：发电- 释义：The process of producing electrical power.- 例句：Different methods of power generation have their own advantages and disadvantages. （不同的发电方法各有优缺点。
热能与动力工程专业英语
i.e. it is in steady-state.Often we will consider process that change “slowly”-termed quasi-equilibrium or quasi-static process.A process is quasi-equilibrium if the time rate of change of the process is slow relative to the time it takes for the system to reach thermodynamic equilibrium.It is necessary that a system be quasi-equilibrium before applying many of the thermodynamics relations to that system.热力学第一二定律：In simplest terms,the law of thermodynamics dictate the specific for the movement of heat and work.Basically,the First Law of Thermodynamic is a statement of the conservation of energy-the Second Law is a statement about the direction of that conservation-and the Tired Law is a statement about reaching absolute Zero.The first law of thermodynamic is a statement of the principle of conservation of energy.It can also be considered as defining a property,the internal energy.The Second law of Thermodynamic states that in all energy exchanges,if no energy enters or leaves the system,the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial states.This is also commonly referred to as entropy.举例说明热力学定律应用：a cup of hot coffee left on a table eventually cools,but a cup of cool coffee in the same room never gets hot by itself.The high-temperature energy of the coffee is degraded(transformed into a less useful form at a lower temperature)once it is transferred to the surrounding air.An ordinary house is,in some respects,an exhibition hall filled with womders of thermodynamics.Many ordinary household utensils and applicances are designed,in whole or in part,by using the principles of thermodynamics.Some examples include the electric or gas range,the heating and air-condition systems,the refrigerator,the humidifier,the pressure cooker,the water heater,the iron,and even the computer,and the TV.On a large scale,thermodynamics plays a major part in the design and analysis of automotive engines,rockets,jet engine,and conventional or nuclear power plans,solar collectors,and the design of vehicle form ordinary cars to airplanes.绝热系统：isolated systems：not exchangeing heat,matter or work with their environment.开口系统：exchanging energy (heat and work )and matter with their environment .闭口系统：exchangeing energy (heat and work )but not matter with their environment .孤立系统：rigid boundary :not allowing exchange of work .辐射换热:The mechanism in this case is electromagnetic radiation .We shall limit our discussion to electromagnetic radiation which is propagated as a result of a temperature difference ;this is called thermal radiation .对流传热:when a fluid at rest or in motion is in contact with a surface at a temperature different from the plate ,energy flows in the direction of the lower temperature as required by the principle of thermodynamics .we say that heat is convected away ,and we call the process convection heat transfer .对流传热的方式:There are two convection modes :forced convection and natural convection .If a heated plate were exposed to ambient room air without an external source of motion ,a movement of the air would be experienced as a result of the density gradients near the plate .We call this natural ,or free ,convection as opposed to forced convection ,which is experienced in the case of the fan blowing air over a plate .传热学:Heat transfer is the science that seeks to predict the energy transfer that may take place between material bodies as a result of a temperature difference .传热学和热力学的区别:Thermodynamics teaches that this energy transfer is defined as heat .The science of heat transfer seeks not merely to explain how heat energy may be transferred ,but also to predict the rate at which the exchange will take place under certain specified conditions .The fact that a heat -transfer rate is the desired objective of an analysis points out the difference between heat transfer and thermodynamics .Thermodynamics deals with systems in equilibrium ;it may be used to predict the amount of energy required to change a system from one equilibrium state to another ;it may not be used to predict how fast a change will take place since the system is not in equilibrium during the process .Heat transfer supplements the first and second principles of thermodynamics by providing additional experimental rules which may be used to establish energy -transfer rates .As in the science of thermodynamics ,the experimental rules used as a basis of the subject of heat transfer are rather simple and easily expanded to encompass a variety of practical situations .影响辐射传热的因素：To take account of the “gray” nature of such surface we introduce another factor into热能与动力工程thermal energy and power engineering能量转化energy-transfer比例常数proportionality constant比例系数proportionality factor活性中心active center对流传热convection heat transfer电磁辐射electromagnetic radiation角系数view factor准静态过程quasi-static process准平衡quasi-equilibrium静态平衡static equilibrium强度参数intensive property广延参数extensive property燃烧机理combustion mechanism平均分子运动average molecular motion 热反应堆thermal reactor热力学性质thermodynamic property摩尔热容molar heat capacity动能kinetic energy压缩因子compressibility factor温度传感器temperature sensor测量电路measurement circuit电压输出voltage output静电荷electrostatic charge励磁电源excitation power内能internal energy能量原理energy principle能量平衡energy balance能量守恒conservation of energy剪切应力shear force/stress角速度angular velocity速度梯度velocity gradient温度梯度temperature gradient一维one-dimensional机械能mechanical energy内能internal energy动能kinetic energy势能potential energy凝固/硬化take a set流体动力学fluid dynamic hydrodynamics 蒸汽发生系统steam generating system辅助设备auxiliary equipment空煤比the air-coal ratio质量作用定律the law of mass action阿伦尼乌斯定律arrhennius law活化分子active molecule活化分子碎片active molecule fragments 活化能activation energy 自由价free valency支链反应定律the law of branched chain reactions 化学反应方程式stoichiometric equation活化中心active centres能级energy levels甲烷methane ch4压缩机compressor冷凝器condenser膨胀阀expansion valve可逆reversible绝热adiabatic等熵isentropic余隙容积clearance volume比容specific volume压力损失pressure loss溶液给水温度liquid feed temperature体积流速the volume flow rate液压头liquid head成比例的proportional成反比例的inversely proportional热力学定律principles of thermodynamics平衡温度equilibrium temperature相变phase change导热性thermal conductivity传热系数heat transfer coefficient强制对流forced convection自然对流natural convection外表面external surface焓enthalpy熵entropy对流传热convection heat transfer牛顿冷却公式Newton law of cooling流体物性properties of the liquid质量流量比mass flow ratio电磁辐射能electromagnetic energy热辐射thermal radiation净辐射量net radiation流体力学fluid mechanics热力学性质thermodynamic property牛顿粘性定律Newton law of vosicosity温熵图temperature-entropy diagram回转式发动机rotary engine汽轮机steam turbine光化学烟雾photochemical smog核电站nuclear power plant流化床燃烧fluildized bed combustion余热锅炉a heat recovery builer表面积surface areai.e. it is in steady-state.Often we will consider process that change “slowly”-termed quasi-equilibrium or quasi-static process.A process is quasi-equilibrium if the time rate of change of the process is slow relative to the time it takes for the system to reach thermodynamic equilibrium.It is necessary that a system be quasi-equilibrium before applying many of the thermodynamics relations to that system.热力学第一二定律：In simplest terms,the law of thermodynamics dictate the specific for the movement of heat and work.Basically,the First Law of Thermodynamic is a statement of the conservation of energy-the Second Law is a statement about the direction of that conservation-and the Tired Law is a statement about reaching absolute Zero.The first law of thermodynamic is a statement of the principle of conservation of energy.It can also be considered as defining a property,the internal energy.The Second law of Thermodynamic states that in all energy exchanges,if no energy enters or leaves the system,the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial states.This is also commonly referred to as entropy.举例说明热力学定律应用：a cup of hot coffee left on a table eventually cools,but a cup of cool coffee in the same room never gets hot by itself.The high-temperature energy of the coffee is degraded(transformed into a less useful form at a lower temperature)once it is transferred to the surrounding air.An ordinary house is,in some respects,an exhibition hall filled with womders of thermodynamics.Many ordinary household utensils and applicances are designed,in whole or in part,by using the principles of thermodynamics.Some examples include the electric or gas range,the heating and air-condition systems,the refrigerator,the humidifier,the pressure cooker,the water heater,the iron,and even the computer,and the TV.On a large scale,thermodynamics plays a major part in the design and analysis of automotive engines,rockets,jet engine,and conventional or nuclear power plans,solar collectors,and the design of vehicle form ordinary cars to airplanes.绝热系统：isolated systems：not exchangeing heat,matter or work with their environment.开口系统：exchanging energy (heat and work )and matter with their environment .闭口系统：exchangeing energy (heat and work )but not matter with their environment .孤立系统：rigid boundary :not allowing exchange of work .辐射换热:The mechanism in this case is electromagnetic radiation .We shall limit our discussion to electromagnetic radiation which is propagated as a result of a temperature difference ;this is called thermal radiation .对流传热:when a fluid at rest or in motion is in contact with a surface at a temperature different from the plate ,energy flows in the direction of the lower temperature as required by the principle of thermodynamics .we say that heat is convected away ,and we call the process convection heat transfer .对流传热的方式:There are two convection modes :forced convection and natural convection .If a heated plate were exposed to ambient room air without an external source of motion ,a movement of the air would be experienced as a result of the density gradients near the plate .We call this natural ,or free ,convection as opposed to forced convection ,which is experienced in the case of the fan blowing air over a plate .传热学:Heat transfer is the science that seeks to predict the energy transfer that may take place between material bodies as a result of a temperature difference .传热学和热力学的区别:Thermodynamics teaches that this energy transfer is defined as heat .The science of heat transfer seeks not merely to explain how heat energy may be transferred ,but also to predict the rate at which the exchange will take place under certain specified conditions .The fact that a heat -transfer rate is the desired objective of an analysis points out the difference between heat transfer and thermodynamics .Thermodynamics deals with systems in equilibrium ;it may be used to predict the amount of energy required to change a system from one equilibrium state to another ;it may not be used to predict how fast a change will take place since the system is not in equilibrium during the process .Heat transfer supplements the first and second principles of thermodynamics by providing additional experimental rules which may be used to establish energy -transfer rates .As in the science of thermodynamics ,the experimental rules used as a basis of the subject of heat transfer are rather simple and easily expanded to encompass a variety of practical situations .影响辐射传热的因素：To take account of the “gray” nature of such surface we introduce another factor into热能与动力工程thermal energy and power engineering能量转化energy-transfer比例常数proportionality constant比例系数proportionality factor活性中心active center对流传热convection heat transfer电磁辐射electromagnetic radiation角系数view factor准静态过程quasi-static process准平衡quasi-equilibrium静态平衡static equilibrium强度参数intensive property广延参数extensive property燃烧机理combustion mechanism平均分子运动average molecular motion 热反应堆thermal reactor热力学性质thermodynamic property摩尔热容molar heat capacity动能kinetic energy压缩因子compressibility factor温度传感器temperature sensor测量电路measurement circuit电压输出voltage output静电荷electrostatic charge励磁电源excitation power内能internal energy能量原理energy principle能量平衡energy balance能量守恒conservation of energy剪切应力shear force/stress角速度angular velocity速度梯度velocity gradient温度梯度temperature gradient一维one-dimensional机械能mechanical energy内能internal energy动能kinetic energy势能potential energy凝固/硬化take a set流体动力学fluid dynamic hydrodynamics 蒸汽发生系统steam generating system辅助设备auxiliary equipment空煤比the air-coal ratio质量作用定律the law of mass action阿伦尼乌斯定律arrhennius law活化分子active molecule活化分子碎片active molecule fragments 活化能activation energy自由价free valency 支链反应定律the law of branched chain reactions 化学反应方程式stoichiometric equation活化中心active centres能级energy levels甲烷methane ch4压缩机compressor冷凝器condenser膨胀阀expansion valve可逆reversible绝热adiabatic等熵isentropic余隙容积clearance volume比容specific volume压力损失pressure loss溶液给水温度liquid feed temperature体积流速the volume flow rate液压头liquid head成比例的proportional成反比例的inversely proportional热力学定律principles of thermodynamics平衡温度equilibrium temperature相变phase change导热性thermal conductivity传热系数heat transfer coefficient强制对流forced convection自然对流natural convection外表面external surface焓enthalpy熵entropy对流传热convection heat transfer牛顿冷却公式Newton law of cooling流体物性properties of the liquid质量流量比mass flow ratio电磁辐射能electromagnetic energy热辐射thermal radiation净辐射量net radiation流体力学fluid mechanics热力学性质thermodynamic property牛顿粘性定律Newton law of vosicosity温熵图temperature-entropy diagram回转式发动机rotary engine汽轮机steam turbine光化学烟雾photochemical smog核电站nuclear power plant流化床燃烧fluildized bed combustion余热锅炉a heat recovery builer表面积surface area。