2019-2020学年阳泉市第一中学校高三英语上学期期末考试试卷及答案解析

2019-2020学年阳泉市第一中学校高三英语上学期期末考试试卷及答
案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Mirroring body language is a way to bond and to build understanding, It is a powerful tool that we use without even knowing it.
The most obvious forms of mirroring are yawning and smiling. When you seesomeone yawn, you are likely to yawn immediately. Smiling is also prettycontagious—seeing a smiling person makes you want to smile too.
Mirroring body language is a nonverbal way to say “I am like you, I feel the same”. Research shows that people who experience the same feelings are likely to trust, understand and accept each other.
Women have the natural ability to pick up and understand body signals. Therefore, it is not surprising that a woman is more likely to mirror another woman than a man is to mirror another man. That's why women are regarded as better talkers, even if they might not really have more close friends.
It is interesting that when a man tries to mirror a woman's body language while she is talking, he may seem to her as caring, intelligent and attractive.
Mirroring body language is an excellent way to build trust and understanding quickly. If you want to set up a connection with a new person, mirror his or her gestures, sitting position, tone of voice and talking pace. This will make them feel that there is something about you that they like.
While mirroring body language gains you acceptance, you still need to take into consideration your relationship with the person you arc mirroring. If you are in a lower social position and are mirroring the body language of your boss, he will view you as arrogant. However, if you want to defeat those who are trying to prove superior to you, mirroring their body language will help defeat them and change their position.
1. What does the underlined word “contagious” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Powerful to show one's feelings.
B. Affecting each other.
C. Attractive to the others.
D. Being gentle to people around.
2. When copying others, body language, one usually can ______.
A. send wrong messages
B. hide true feelings
C. avoid misunderstanding
D. win others, acceptance
3. What might happen if you try to mirror your boss's body language?
A. You will appear very attractive.
B. It will help to soften his position.
C. You will seem unacceptably proud.
D. It willbe a good way to build trust.
B
Brown cows may not actually make chocolate milk, but pink silkworms（蚕）do produce pink silk, a team of scientists has discovered. To see if they could produce pre-dyed silk-silk that comes color1 ed, straight from the source-the team fed ordinary silkworms mulberry（桑树）leaves that had been sprayed（喷洒）with fabric（织物）dyes（染色剂）. Out of seven tested dyes, only one worked, producing a thread that reminded me of pink-dyed hair.
And yes, the worms themselves take on some color1 before they produce silk. Their color1 ful diets did not affect their growth, the team, which included engineers and biologists from the CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory in India, reports in the journalACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. (The researchers didn't look too deeply into how the dyes affected the silkworms' health. After all, silkworms die when people harvest their silk.)
The team made dyeing silk this way because color1 ing fabric normally uses large amounts of fresh water. The water gets polluted with dangerous chemicals in the process, requiring costly treatment before factories can send it back into waterways. Dyeing silk directly by feeding silkworms would avoid those water-washing steps. Scientists are just starting to study this idea. However, it remains to be seen if it's commercially successful. In this experiment, the Indian team tested seven dyes, which are cheap and popular in the industry.
The scientists found different dyes moved through silkworms' bodies differently. Some never made it into the worms' silk at all. Others color1 ed the worms and their silk but the color1 disappears before the silk is turned into fabric. Only one dye, named "direct acid fast red", showed up in the final, washed silk threads. By the time it made it there, it was a pleasant, light pink.
4. The text is most probably a(n) ________.
A. science report
B. tourist guide
C. animal experiment
D. fashion advertisement
5. Silkworms can produce pink silk because ________.
A. they are born pink
B. they are dyed pink
C. they grow in pink water
D. they are fed dyed food
6. Where is the experiment carried out?
A. In America.
B. In India.
C. In Israel.
D. In China.
7. How many dyes have been proved successful in the experiment?
A. One.
B. Three.
C. Five.
D. Seven.
C
Some years ago a young man applied to a large United States optical firm for a job as a lens designer. He apologized for lack of training, but on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Conrady's Applied Optics and Optical Design, one for his office and a second for his bedside table, he was hired on the spot. Perhaps the story will be repeated some day with Buchdahl's Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification.
Hamiltonian theory describes with powerful generality the overall properties of optical systems considered as ‘black boxes’, although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the systems and achieve these properties. Buchdahl's book is therefore on the subject of geometrical optics, but it is not about how to design lenses. It is, however a compact comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designer's needs very much in mind. Every lens designer worth his salt has at some time in his career attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems. Success has been sufficiently rare that the theory, as such, has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design. The failures have been frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance. The indirect effects have been large, however, both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern the overall behavior of optical systems and in pointing the way to other, more practical, theoretical approaches.
Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable mathematical physicist, but as one who with a knowledge of practical optics has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory. Buchdahl's approach has, over the last decade, had a major impact on modern lens design with computers. Thus, he brings to this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject.
The author claims his book to be non-mathematical, and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician. From the point of view of many physicists and engineers, it will appear to be quite mathematical. Moreover, this is a tightly written book. The subject matter is developed with precision, and the author expects the reader, at very point, to be master of the preceding exposition.
8. Hamiltonian theory met with failures as a result of ______.
A. newer finding related to the wave particle nature of light
B. very complicated concepts too difficult to understand by most lens designers
C. too much mathematical detail in the theory
D. not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters
9. The author of this passage implies that Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics is necessary to ______.
A. the students who are major in mathematical geometry
B. those who want to grasp the basic principles of optical systems
C. the lens designers who look for instructions on practical designs
D. those who are interested in physics
10. The article points out that the great benefits of Hamiltonian optics have been found is ______.
A. indirect ways of learning mathematics
B. a fundamental power within the theory
C. the conceptual elegance of the theory
D. the practical applications of the theory in finding new approaches to old problems
11. This passage is probably excerpted from ______.
A. a review of a book
B. a chemistry textbook
C. an optician's essay
D. a general science text
D
In this day and age, there seems to be a move towards secondary school subjects. For that reason, some parents and some students feel that the compulsory study of English literature is misguided and disadvantageous to students, particularly if they are second language learners of English. However, there are still good reasons for the study of English literature.
Students of English language sometimes fail to see the point of studying English literature,especially if they have no plans to study English or translation at university. But English literature can introduce students to a range of aspects, not only of the English language but also the culture of English-speaking countries.
There are aspects of English culture that are summarised by English literature. Of course, this is quite obvious when studying the works of Shakespeare or of writers, poets and playwrights of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It is, however, also true when studying other works of English literature. Students can learn about good stories and references to different aspects of English culture. They can also learn the context and meanings of famous quotes and phrases.
Studying literature does not confine the students to the traditions ofEnglandbut includes the possibility of
introducing them to traditions which inform English literature, such as the study of Ancient Greek drama, and to literature in other contexts, such as American literature.
An enjoyment and appreciation of literature will give students the ability to develop this into an interest in books and reading as they move away from their studies and into the adult lives. They will have the confidence to approach and cope with new forms of books and writing, since they were exposed to a range of literature during their school days.
When studying literature, students can learn not only language aspects such as vocabulary items but also the language aspects which can be used for specific purposes. For example, if the students are familiar with the concepts of beat and rhythm of English poems, they can improve their own writing as they are able to appreciate and apply these ideas.
Finally, the study of literature can provide students with a fresh and creative angle, from which the students can approach their studies in particular and their lives in general.
So the next time you are reading a newspaper article complaining of the lack of creativity and initiative in the local workforce, remember that in a small way the study of English literature can help to add a refreshing and further dimension to a person’s life.
12. The author may agree that the study of English literature________.
A. has a long-lasting influence on students
B. is misguided and has more disadvantages
C. is not necessary for second language learners
D. only allows the students to learn the traditions ofEngland
13. We can learn from the passage that ________.
A.schools fail to care about students’ needs
B. learning English literature makes students smarter
C. English culture is closely related to English literature
D. the more you read literary works, the more you complain
14. What’s the author’s attitude towards the study of English literature?
A. Critical.
B. Cautious.
C. Supportive.
D. Anxious.
15. What’s the best title of the passage?
A. Parents and Students’ Demands
B. Why We Learn English Literature
C. English Culture and English Literature
D. Suitable Courses for Secondary Schools
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项
Are You Using Your Time Wisely?
Time. You get the same amount every single day. It is predictable, with scheduled times for sunrises and sunsets. Time is one of the few predictable elements in life.____16____It doesn’t matter how much money or influence you have, it is the same for everyone.
What would you do if someone gave you $86,400 as a gift? Would you think long and hard about how you would use that money, and what fun or important things you would do with it? That’s the number of seconds we are given each and every day. But do you get up in the morning and think about what valuable and important things you will do with every second? Very few people do. So, start thinking about your “gift” of 86,400 seconds each day. Use them wisely each and every day.____17____
Define what you care about. You have to make a living, pay the bills, attend to your family in need, finish the paper due for class and cook your meals. There are certain non-negotiables, but while you are doing all of these “have-to” things, consider what you care about.____18____Do you want to improve yourself? Do you want to learn something new? Do you want to gain insight or use the time you are doing these things to get in touch with your inner self? The point is that every activity in life gives you a chance for a deeper meaning if you establish first what you would like it to be.
____19____If time is always beyond your management, start being more conscious of what you use it for and what you commit to. If you are a “yes” person who agrees to take on more than you should, consider saying “no.” If you do commit, break down what’s needed into small tasks so you can make gradual progress instead of rushing to get something done. Put things on the calendar. Plan for planning.
Get attached to your calendar. Plan “me time,” “thinking time,” and “time-to-plan time” in your notebook.____20____Stick to it deliberately (刻意地) until it is more natural for you.
Becoming more mindful and deliberate about your time will help you focus on it more thoroughly and find the gifts in every moment you are given.
A. Become a planner.
B. Do things mindfully.
C. Do you want to enjoy the process?
D. Don’t expect this will just unfold naturally.
E. No one gets more in a day than anyone else.
F. Here’s what you can do, especially if you are busy and time seems to disappear.
G. Most of us don’t live as if our time is limited, and therefore waste too much of it.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项My most extremecase of jealousy happened at camp this summer with a girl named Megan Martin. We____21____on the first day of archery____22____. Most of us in my group had completely missed our____23____. Except Megan. No matter the activity, Megan was the best. And by best, I____24____ beyond the best!
____25____the people who get all braggy,Megan was modest and friendly. So I felt____26____ terrible the way I did. Then, one day at lunch, Megan sat down next to me. And then she told me a(n)___27___riddle,I giggled. And then we spent a lot of time telling____28____ .Later I knew we both had five-year old twin brothers. And it wasn't the only thing we had____29____! The more we talked, the more I realized how___30___it was that I'd been___31___energy feeling jealous when I could have been building a___32___.
Megan told me that she____33____ she had my creativity in telling stories. That comment____34____ me. Hearing that I couldn't get over how good she was at everything,Megan____35____and suggested we invent a machine that would let people____36____skills for a little while. It was a(n)____37____idea and we spent the rest of lunch____38____the details of the invention.
It's probably impossible not to feel a tiny bit envious at least once in your life. But try to remember that you have your own____39____unique that makes you special. And I know for a fact that putting more energy into____40____thing like building friendship, and less energy into negatives thing like feeling jealous, helps make for happier days all round.
21. A. knew B. met C. acknowledged D. accompanied
22. A. report B. visit C. practice D. certificate
23. A. targets B. turns C. chances D. times
24. A. mean B. attain C. announce D. envy
25. A. Besides B. Regardless of C. As well as D. Unlike
26. A. even B. still C. just D. extra
27. A. exciting B. moving C. amusing D. scary
28. A. dreams B. jokes C. tricks D. lies
29. A. in common B. on purpose C. on our side D. in mind
30. A. admirable B. ridiculous C. stubborn D. desperate
31. A. wasting B. saving C. gathering D. compensating
32. A. team B. family C. home D. friendship
33. A. thought B. imagined C. wished D. guaranteed
34. A. congratulated B. frightened C. astonished D. convinced
35. A. laughed B. Sympathized C. complained D. scolded
36. A. train B. trade C. forget D. purchase
37. A. ambiguous B. troublesome C. accessible D. fantastic
38. A. turning off B. making out C. working out D. putting off
39. A. tiresome B. sincere C. abnormal D. awesome
40. A. public B. positive C. voluntary D. interesting
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The piano is one of the world's most popular instruments. It was perfected in 1709 by an_____41._____(Italy)instrument maker, Bartolomeo Cristofori, because the instruments in the string classification hadn't inspired more music or attracted a larger number of_____42._____(play). Cristofori was a maker of_____43._____harpsichord which was similar to the piano. Later he_____44._____(replace)the harpsichord' s plucking mechanism(弹拨装置)with hammers,_____45._____could strike strings. Special things used to reduce the level of sound were also added_____46._____(give)the piano a different and_____47._____(high)enjoyable sound. While Cristofori's piano had two strings_____48._____each note, the modern piano has one string for the_____49._____(low) notes, two for the middle and three for the highest. Like other string instruments, the piano's sound______50.______(strengthen)by a soundboard.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Hello, Mr Smith, I was glad that you are interested in Chinese tea culture as a foreigner. I'll give you a brief introduction, It is known to all, China is the hometown of tea but Chinese tea has been widespread all over the world. Tea culture has a history of about five thousands years. It is a custom to serve tea to guests in China. Drink tea every day can help us keep fit. What's much, some kinds of tea can even help us lose the weight. If it is conveniently for you, I would like invite you to drink tea in my house this weekend. Then more tea culture will be introducing to you.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.
According to an official report on youth violence.“In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren’t students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?
First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. It is reported that most violent incidents between students begin with a ly minor insult. For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence.
If the conflict occurs, students can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution: stay calm.
Once the student feels calmer. Once the student feels calmer. He or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire while soft words can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After that, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side: and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterwards, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker’s position. Then the two people should change roles.
Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. An argument doesn’t mean trying to figure out the fault of the other person but means understanding what the real issue is. As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller.(280 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________
参考答案
1. B
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. D
6. B
7. A
8. D 9. B 10. D 11. A
12. A 13. C 14. C 15. B
16. E 17. D 18. B 19. G 20. A
21. B 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. D 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. A 32.
D 33. C 34. C 35. A 36. B 37. D 38. C 39. D 40. B
41. Italian
42. players
43. the 44. replaced
45. which 46. to give
47. highly 48. for
49. lowest 50. is strengthened
51.(1). was→ am
(2).It→ As
(3).but→and
(4).thousands→thousand
(5).Drink→Drinking
(6).much→more
(7).去掉the
(8).conveniently→convenient
(9).invite前面加to
(10).introducing→introduced
52.略。