宾语从句及练习

宾语从句的宾语部分中有一个从句充当宾语。

如:She knew that the teacher had seen the film.
她知道这位老师看过这部电影。

"that the teacher had seen the film ,,做knew 的宾语，同时又是由连接词that 引导 的从句，所以它叫做宾语从句。

宾语/•人句及练习
◎供稿：高洁
Rose said she would visit us sometime next week.
主句 从句（宾语从句）
露丝说她下星期的某个时间会来看望我们。

Could you tell me where he is from?
主句 从句（宾语从句）
你能告诉我他来自哪里吗？
二、宾语从句的分类
1. 动词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。

例女口： He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.
他问我们班上谁的书法写得最好。

2. 介词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。

例女口 ： I agree with what you said just now.
我同意你刚才说的话。

3. 形容词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。

例如：I am afraid that I will be late.
恐怕我要迟到了。

三、 可接宾语从句的动词
say, tell, think, know, see, hear, hope, guess, find, feel 等，或由形容词构 成的系表结构，如：afraid, sure, glad, sorry 等。

四、 宾语从句的标点符号1 宾语从句的标点符号取决于主句，如果主句是陈述句，句尾用句号；如果主句是疑/ 问句，句尾用问号。

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Learning box/学习魔盒
I l.that：从句是陈述句时，引导词用that,它本身无词义，不充当成分，
在口语中可省略，但在正式场合不可省。

I am going to meet my net friends in Guangzhou.He said.
—He said(that)he was going to meet his net friends in Guangzhou.他说他将要在广州见他的网友。

2.if或whether：从句是一般疑问句时用if或whether,含义是“是否”。

if,whether一般情况下可以互换，但在构成whether...or not句式只用whether。

Would you like to play basketball with me?He asked me.
—He asked me if/whether I would like to play basketball with him.
他问我是否要和他去打篮球。

注意：
只能whether不用if：
①所引导的从句作介词宾语时：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我担心是否
伤了她的感情。

②引导宾语从句，从句置于句首表示强调时。

例如：Whether this is true(or not),I
can't tell.
③和动词不定式连用时。

例如：I don't know whether to accept or refuse.我不知道是
接受还是拒绝.
④直接与or not连用时。

例如：Can you tell me whether or not the train has left?你
能否告诉我火车是不是已经开了？
3.连接代词、连接副词(从句是特殊疑问句时用)
连接代词(what,which,who,whose)
连接副词(when,where,how,why)
The small children don't know what is in their stockings,(what在宾语从句中作主语)
这些小孩子不知道什么东西在他们的长筒袜里。

Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?(why在宾语从句中作原因状语)
你能告诉我为什么你今天早上开会迟到吗？
Z__________________________________________________ 58Crazy English Teens
(1)Police have found-appears to be the lost ancient statue(古代雕像).
A.w hich
B.where
C.how
D.what
句意：警察已经找到了样子好像丢失的古代雕像的东西。

police have found是主句。

空白处为宾语从句的引导词，这个引导词在宾语从句中作主语。

where和how在宾语从句中不能作主语，
排除掉；which“哪一个”，不符合句意；what«什么，什么样的，所……的”，在宾语从句中
可以作主语、宾语等。

(2)Experts believe-people can waste less food by shopping only when it is
n e cessary.
A.why
B.where
C.that
D.what
句意：专家认为人们只有在必要时去购物才能浪费较少的食物。

主句是Experts believe,空白处后面是宾语从句，空白处是从属连词，引导宾语从句。

分析宾语从句可知，它也是一个主从
复合句，only when it is necessary是时间状语从句。

这个宾语从句结构完整，不缺成分，这种情
况下引导词用that,此时that可以省略。

(3)
-Have you finished the book?
-No,I’ve read up to-the children discover the secret cave.
A.which
B.what
C.that
D.where
句意：你看完这本书了吗？没有，我已经看到孩子们发现秘密山洞的地方了。

介词to后面是从句，作to的宾语。

宾语从句中缺少地点状语，所以应选where作关系词。

(4)I don't care-he will come or not.
A.weather
B.if
C.whether
D./
句意：我不关心他是否会来。

whether和if都表示“是否”,引导宾语从句时可互换，但句中如果有or not,则只能用whethero
疯狂英悟(初中版)59
Learning box/学习魔盒
(1)-struck me most in the movie wasthe father's deep love for his son.
A.That
B.It
C.What
D.Which
(2)At first he hated the newjob but decided to give himself a few months to see-it
got any better.
A.when
B.how
C.why
D.if
(3)With his work completed,the businessman stepped back to his seat,feeling
pleased he was a man of action.
A.which
B.that
C.what
D.whether
(4)It doesn't matter-you turn right or left at the crossing-both roads lead to the
park.
A.whether
B.how
C.if
D.when
宾语从句属于名词性从句，其引导词及作用见下表:
that
本身无意义，只起连接作用，口语中可省略。

what,which,who,whose,whom在从句中作一定的成分，如主语、宾语、等连接代词定语等。

when（表时间），where（表地点），
why（表原因），how（表方式）等连接副词
在从句中作状语
if/whether
意为“是否”、不作句子成分，但不能省略。

■六、宾语从句的同义句转换
在宾语从句中经常会出现“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构，它可与“疑问词+主语+情态动词+动词原形”进行同义句转换。

Can you tell me how I can get to the station?
Can you tell me how to get to the station?
宾语从句的语序
任何从句都使用陈述句语序，宾语从句当然也不例外。

无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。

60Crazy English Teens
/Danny says that he will learn English.
I Please tell me how I can get to the bus station.
■a T宾语从句的时态
①当主句是现在时态时，宾语从句可以根据需要使用任何时态。

I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他将何时回来。

He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。

②当主句是过去时态时，宾语从句必须是一种过去的时态。

She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。

He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。

③当表示客观事实或普遍真理的句子作宾语从句时，任何时候都用一般现在时。

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说过地球绕着太阳转。

九、宾语从句变否定句
如果主句的主语是第一人称I或we时，并且谓语动词多为think、guess、belive等
表示心理活动的词时，变否定句要否定转移，即否定主句。

否则，变否定句看从句。

I think chicken can swim.（变否定句）—>1don't think chicken can swim.
He said that he would go shopping.（变否定句RHe said that he would not go shoppi n g.
\注意：
©宾语从句应用注意事项：1.时态一致2.人称一致3・陈述语气 4.标点随主句
（1）Does the earth go around the sun?Susan wanted to know.（将两句合并为一句）Susan wanted to kno w t he earth______around the sun.
直接引语的句子为一般疑问句，所以选用引导词if或whether；从句的内容为客观事实时，不管主句是何时态，从句都用一般现在时；主语为第三人称单数the earth,所以go用goes
⑵Tom said,"We will go back tomorrow morning.”（改为间接引语）
Tom said they_____come back the next moming.
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Fun Time /轻松一刻
(3) I really don't know what I can do to help her out.(改为简单句)
I really don't know what ____________to help her out.
考査主从句的时态呼应。

直接引语改为间接引语时，若主句的时态为过去时态，贝II 从句的时态应使用相应的过去时态。

主句为一般过去时，根据句意及时间状语可知，从 句应改为过去将来时。

(4) I think Daniel has finished his homework.(改为否定句)
I ____________Daniel ______finished his homework.(1) —I'd like to know _____.
一Maybe in the forest.
A. whether we will go camping
B. where we will go camping
C. whether will we go camping
D. where will we go cam pi n g
(2) —Could you tell me _____?
一Talking about festivals.
A. how they are playing
B. what they are doing
C. where they are going
D. why they are practicing
(3) Franklin told them all _____to be in Britain again.
A. how happy was he
C. how was he happy B. how happy he was
D. how he happy was
62 Crazy English
Teens
课后练习
)1.Pve decided to go to London next weekend.I was wondering
you could go with me.
A.if
B.when
C.that
D.where
)2.Thomas wants to know_Nina lives.
A.where
B.who
C.what
D.if
()3.一Do you kno w t he man with sunglasses is?
一I'm not sure.Maybe a reporter.
A.who
B.what
C.where
D.how
()4.I was told to meet Mr.Green at the airport.But I don't know______
he will arrive.
A.where
B.why
C.how
D.when
()5.一Do you thin k X iao Ming can pass the high school entrance exam
or not?
一Sorry,Tve no idea.
A.that
B.which
C.if
D.whether
()6.He told me______.
A.the earth ran around the sun
B.the earth runs around the sun
C.the sun ran around the earth
D.the sun runs around the earth
()7.Father's Day is comi ng.I'm thinking about_____.
A.what present I gave him
B.where we had a big meal
C.how I will give him a surprise
D.if I planned a party for him
()8.一Peter,is there anything else you want to know about China?
—Yes,I am still wondering_____.
A.how is Chinese paper cut made
B.how was the Great Wall built in an cient times
C.why the Chinese people like to play the dragon dance
D.why do the Chinese people eat rice dumplings at Dragon Boat Festival
)9.Peter went up to a policeman and asked_____the nearest post office.
A.where could he find
B.where he could find
C.he could find where
D.he could where find
oaaa:6-9aoaav：s-^
疯狂英悟（初中版）63。