吉林省扶余市第一中学高三任务型阅读复习专题百度文库

一、高中英语任务型阅读
1．Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Sustainable Cities Need More Than Parks, Cafes and a Riverwalk
There are many standards that aim to rank how green cities are. But what does it actually mean for a city to be green or sustainable?
We've written about what we call the "parks, cafes and a riverwalk" model of sustainability, which focuses on providing new green spaces, mainly for high-income people. This vision of shiny residential towers and waterfront parks has become a widely-shared conception of what green cities should look like. ________
Gentrification(住宅高档化) has become a catch-all term used to describe neighborhood change, and is often misunderstood as the only path to neighborhood improvement. In fact, its defining feature is displacement. Typically, people who move into these changing neighborhoods are wealthier and more educated than residents who are displaced.
A recent flood of new research has focused on the displacement effects of environmental cleanup and green space initiatives. ________
Land for new development and resources to fund extensive cleanup of poisonous sites are scarce in many cities. ________ And in neighborhoods where gentrification has already begun, a new park or farmers market can worsen the problem by making the area even more attractive to potential high-income people and pricing out long-term residents. In some cases, developers even create temporary community gardens or farmers markets or promise more green space than they eventually deliver, in order to market a neighborhood to buyers looking for green pleasantness.
________ It makes deindustrialization seem both inevitable and desirable, often by quite literally replacing industry with more natural-looking landscapes. When these neighborhoods are finally cleaned up, after years of activism by longtime residents, those advocates often are unable to stay and enjoy the benefits of their efforts.
A. This phenomenon is often missing from development projects promoted as green or sustainable.
B. This phenomenon has variously been called environmental, eco-or green gentrification.
C. Greening and environmental cleanup do not automatically or necessarily lead to gentrification.
D. This creates pressure to rezone industrial land for residential towers or profitable commercial space, in exchange for developer-funded cleanup.
E. But it can drive up real estate prices and displace low- and middle-income residents.
F. Environmental gentrification naturalizes the disappearance of manufacturing and the working class.
【答案】 E；B；D；F
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，可持续发展城市需要的不仅仅是公园、咖啡馆和河边人行道。

有许多标准旨在对绿色城市进行排名。

但是一个城市的绿色和可持续发展究竟意味着什么呢?意味着住宅高档化，生态环境更中产化，用更自然的景观取代工业的痕迹。

（1）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。

根据空前“ We've written about what we call the ‘parks, cafes and a riverwalk’model of sustainability, which focuses on providing new green spaces, mainly for high-income people.”我们称之为“公园、咖啡馆和河边漫步'的可持续发展模式，其重点是为高收入人群提供新的绿色空间"，及空后“ Gentrification(住宅高档化) has become a catch-all term used to describe neighborhood change, and is often misunderstood as the only path to neighborhood improvement.”住宅高档化'已成为描述邻里变化的一个笼统的术语，移居到这些住宅区的人比那些流离失所的居民更富有"，可知，这样的高档住宅抬高了房地产价格，并取代中低收入居民，代之的是中产阶级。

可知E项符合题意，故选E。

（2）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。

根据空前"A recent flood of new research has focused on the displacement effects of environmental cleanup and green space initiatives."可知，"最近大量的新研究集中在环境清理和倡议绿色空间的效应上。

"由此可知，清理环境，倡议绿色空间，意味着让环境，绿化生态有了很大的改善，适合于中产阶级（即住宅高档化)，可知B项符合题意，故选B。

（3）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。

根据空前“ Land for new development and resources to fund extensive cleanup of poisonous sites are scarce in many cities.”在许多城市，用于新开发的土地和用于大规模清理有毒场所的资源都很稀缺；及空后“ In some cases, developers even create temporary community gardens or farmers markets or promise more green space than they eventually deliver, in order to market a neighborhood to buyers looking for green pleasantness.”开发商不得不创造及承诺更多最终会有更多的绿化。

由此可知，为了让开发商资助清理这些有毒的场所，这就造成了将工业用地重新规划为住宅楼或有利可图的商业用地的压力。

故选D。

（4）考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。

根据空后“ It makes deindustrialization seem both inevitable and desirable, often by quite literally replacing industry with more natural-looking landscapes.”这使得去工业化看起来既不可避免又令人向往，通常是通过用更自然的景观代替工业……当这些社区最终被清理干净时，这些倡导者往往无法留下来享受他们的努力带来的好处。

"，再快速阅读本段得出大意，F项意义与本小题一致。

其中的F项中的"disappearance of manufacturing"与文中的"disappearance of manufacturing"是同义词组。

其中的F项中的"the disappearance of the working class"即是文中所说的"清理干净社区，这些人无法留下来享受他们带来的好处的"工人阶级的消失。

分析选项可知F项符合题意，故选F。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

2．请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意:每个空格只填1个单词。

Pretending you're someone else can make you creative
One great irony(讽刺) about our collective fascination with creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: We are either "creative" people or we aren't, without much of a middle ground.
Pillay, a tech businessman and Harvard professor has spent a good part of his career destroying these ideas. Pillay believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to dismiss the conventional advice that urges you to "believe in yourself". In fact, you should do the exact opposite: believe you are someone else.
In a recent column for Harvard Business Review, Pillay pointed to a 2016 study showing the impact of stereotypes(刻板印象)on one's behavior. The authors, education psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided their college student subjects into three categories, instructing the members of one group to think of themselves as "eccentric(古怪的) poets" and the members of another to imagine they were "rigid librarians" (people in the third category, the control group, were left alone for this part). The researchers then presented participants with 10 ordinary objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one. Those who were asked to imagine themselves as "eccentric poets" came up with the widest range of ideas for the objects, while those in the "rigid librarian" group had the fewest. Meanwhile, the researchers found only small differences in students' creativity levels across academic majors—in fact, the physics majors inhabiting(寄生) the personas(伪装的外表) of "eccentric poets" came up with more ideas than the art majors did. These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual quality, but a "malleable(可塑的) product of context and perspective." Everyone can be creative, as long as they feel like creative people.
Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that identifying yourself with creativity is less powerful than the creative act of imagining you're somebody else. This exercise, which he calls "psychological halloweenism", refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona—an inner costuming of the self. It works because it is an act of "conscious unfocus", a way of positively stimulating the default mode(默认模式) network, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when you're not focused on a specific task or thought.
Most of us spend too much time worrying about two things: How successful/unsuccessful we are, and how little we're focusing on the task at hand. The former feeds the latter—an unfocused person is an unsuccessful one, we believe. Thus, we force ourselves into quiet areas, buy noise canceling headphones, and hate ourselves for taking breaks.
What makes Pillay's argument stand out is its healthy, forgiving realism: According to him, most people spend nearly half of their days in a state of "unfocus". This doesn't make us lazy people—it makes us human. The idea behind psychological halloweenism is: What if we stopped judging ourselves for our mental down time, and instead started using it? Putting this new idea on daydreaming means addressing two problems at once: You're making yourself more creative, and you're giving yourself permission to do something you'd otherwise feel guilty about. Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive.
Title: Pretending you're someone else can make you creative
creativity；individual/personal；positively；subscribes；realistic/practical；forgive
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了假装你是别人会让你更有创造力。

（1）考查信息归纳。

根据第一段中的“One great irony(讽刺) about our collective fascination with creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways.”可知，我们大多数人对自己要么有创造力要么没有创造力的想法印象深刻:两者之间不存在中间地带。

故答案为fascinated/impressed。

（2）考查信息归纳。

根据第二段中的“Pillay believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to dismiss the conventional advice that urges you to ’believe in yourself‘. In fact, you should do the exact opposite: believe you are someone else.”可知，与普遍的看法相反，皮莱的建议是，你应该相信你是别人。

故答案为Contrary。

（3）考查信息归纳。

根据第三段中的“instructing the members of one group to think of themselves as ’eccentric(古怪的) poets‘ and the members of another to imagine they were ’rigid librar ians‘(people in the third category, the control group, were left alone for this part).”可知，其中一组被要求认为自己是“古怪的诗人”，另一组是“刻板的图书管理员”，第三组作为对照组。

故答案为worked/acted/served/functioned。

（4）考查句义理解。

根据第三段中的“The researchers then presented participants with 10 ordinary objects，including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one.”可知，前两组被要求为每个给定对象想出尽可能多的不同用途。

故答案为given。

（5）考查句义理解。

根据第三段中的“Meanwhile, the researchers found only small
differences in students' creativity levels across academic majors—in fact, the physics majors inhabiting(寄生) the personas(伪装的外表) of ’eccentric poets‘ came up with more ideas than the art majors did.”可知，学生的创造力水平并不总是与专业类型成正比。

故答案为creativity。

（6）考查原词复现。

根据第四段中的“These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual quality, but a ’malleable(可塑的) product of context and perspective.‘”可知，因此，创造力可能是环境和视角的产物，而不是个人的东西。

故答案为individual/personal。

（7）考查信息归纳。

根据第五段中的”This exercise, which he calls “psychological halloweenism", refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona—an inner costuming of the self. It works because it is an act of ’conscious unfocus‘, a way of positively stimulating the default mode(默认模式) network.“可知，"psychological halloweenism"的实施是指通过积极刺激默认模式网络，有意识地成为他人的行为。

故答案为positively。

（8）考查句义理解。

根据最后一段中的”Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that identifying yourself with creativity is less powerful than the creative act of imagining you're somebody else.“可知，Pillay坚决支持把你想象成别人的观点，并建议我们不要担心自己有多成功或不成功。

故答案为subscribes。

（9）考查概括总结。

根据右栏内容可知这里在讲述“演习的现实意义”。

故答案为realistic/practical。

（10）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的”You're making yourself more creative, and you're giving yourself permission to do something you'd otherwise feel guilty about. Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive.“可知，我们完全有权利原谅自己注意力不集中，因为这不仅是人性的表现，而且还能让我们更有创造力和富有成效。

故答案为forgive。

【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳，句义理解，原词复现，概括总结和推理判断五个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

3．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

The Bigger Sleep
School starting times in America vary from an average of 7:48 am in go-getting Mississippi to 8:31am in late-rising Connecticut. According to a survey by the National Centre for Education Statistics in 2017-18, only in two states - Alaska and Connecticut---do schools start after 8:30 am, the earliest recommended time by a number of medical organisations.
On October 13th Gavin Newsom, California's governor, signed legislation setting a limit on starting times of half past eight for high-schoolers , in the hope that they will benefit from the extra time in bed.
There is plenty of reason to think they will. Adolescents require more sleep in the morning which will keep them energetic the whole day. A research review by scientists at the Centres for
Disease Control finds that later school starting times correspond with improved attendance, less falling asleep in class, and better grades. The Rand Corporation estimates that moving to a half-past-eight start across the country would boost the economy by more than $80bn within a decade.
In response to the evidence, school districts across the country have begun to move starting times back, but California is the first state to take the leap. Parents and unions are often bitterly opposed. The California Teachers Association resisted the change, citing the financial burden on schools as they adjust to the new hours, as well as the burden on parents who work as laborers or in the service industry, and cannot start work later. Last year Mr Newsom's predecessor, Jerry Brown, vetoed similar legislation, saying the decision should be left to school districts. Supporters argue that it is appropriate for the state to set a minimum health-and-welfare standard, as it does in other areas. It will be up to school districts to decide whether to end the day later, or cut its length. Anthony Portantino, the democratic state senator who introduced the legislation, believes evidence of the change's benefits will soon win over opponents in rural areas. "There really is no significant reason not to do this," he says, "other than an overwhelming resistance to change from adults."
estimated；opponents；finance；fail；exist
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。

关于美国学校早上上学时间推后，有些人支持也有些人反对，双方分别提出了各自支持和反对的理由。

（1）考查形容词。

根据第一段中的“School starting times in America vary from an average of
7:48 am in go-getting Mississippi to 8:31am in late-rising Connecticut.” 可知，在美国上学时间从早上7:48到早上8:31不等，美国学校有不同的上学时间，故填various/different/diverse。

（2）考查动词。

根据第一段中的“only in two states - Alaska and Connecticut 一do schools start after 8:30 am, the earliest recommended time by a number of medical organisations.”可知，只有两个州，阿拉斯加州和康涅狄格州的学校在早上8:30之后上学，这是很多医疗机构建议的最早上学时间，只有阿拉斯加州和康涅狄格州的学校遵守了建议的上学时间，故填obey/follow/observe。

（3）考查形容词。

根据第二段中的“signed legislation setting a limit on starting times of half past eight for high-schoolers , in the hope that they will benefit from the extra time in bed.”可知，立法规定中学生八点半上学，希望他们早上能多睡一会，可推断中生上学时间不应早于8:30，故填earlier。

（4）考查形容词。

根据第三段中的“Adolescents require more sleep in the morning which will keep them energetic the whole day.”可知，青少年早上需要更多的睡眠，这将使他们一整天都精力充沛，energetic是形容词精力旺盛的，故填energetic。

（5）考查名词。

根据第三段中的“ter school starting times correspond with imp roved attendance, less falling asleep in class, and better grades.”可知，早上晚些去上学与缺勤率下降、课堂睡眠减少和成绩提高有关，故填absence。

（6）考查语态。

根据第三段中的“The Rand Corporation estimates that moving to a half-past-eight start across the country would boost the economy...”可知，The Rand Corporation预测，如果在全国范围八点半上学，可以给经济带来增长，填空的句子用的是表语从句“It+be+过去分词+that 从句”，所以用estimate的过去分词形式，故填estimated。

（7）考查名词。

根据第四段中的“Parents and unions are often bitterly opposed.”和第三句“The California Teachers Association resisted the change, citing the financial burden on schools as they adjust to the new hours,”可知，父母和工会经常强烈反对，加州教师协会抵制这种变化，理由是学校在适应新的工作时间时承受着沉重的经济负担，这也呼应了第8空的句意“Schools may bear the burden of ___8___when they adjust to the new hours.” 学校在适应新的工作时间时承受着负担，这是反对者观点，故填opponents。

（8）考查名词。

根据第四段中的“citing the financi al burden on schools as they adjust to the new hours”可知，学校在适应新的工作时间时承受着沉重的经济负担，finance是financial 的名词在填空句中做宾语，故填finance。

（9）考查动词。

根据第四段中的“...burden on parents who work as laborers or in the service industry, and cannot start work later.”可知，推迟早上上学时间对于从事劳动服务行业和不能推迟早上上班时间的家长是一个负担，会导致这些家长不能准时上班，fail to do sth.意为没能做成某事，故填fail。

（10）考查动词。

根据倒数第一段最后一行“There really is no significant reason not to do this...other than an overwhelming resistance to change from adults”可知, 除了来自成年人对变革压倒性的抵制，真的没有什么重要的理由不这样做，也就是说，尽管在成年人中确实存在着压倒性的抵制，但做出改变是合理的，故填exist。

【点评】本题考点涉及形容词，名词，动词，语态等知识点的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，从而写出正确答案。

4．选词填空，并翻译划线句子
（1）选词补全短文
longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture.
①Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!
The theme park you are probably most ________ is Disneyland. ②It can be found in several parts of the world. It will bring you into a ________ world and make your dreams ________, whether you are traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character. As you ________ around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a ________ or on the street. Of course, Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from giant ________ ships to ________ free-fall drops. With all these attractions, ________ tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland.
（2）①Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!________
②It can be found in several parts of the world.________
【答案】（1）various；famous for；familiar with；magical；come true；wander；parade；swinging；terrifying；no wonder
（2）不论你喜欢哪一个，喜欢什么，总会有适合你的主题公园。

；世界上有几个地方有迪斯尼乐园。

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界上有各种各样的主题公园，其中介绍了迪士尼主题公园以及公园内的游乐设施情况。

（1）①考查形容词。

句意：世界上有各种各样的主题公园。

结合句意可知表示"各种各样的"短语为various kinds of。

故填various。

②考查固定短语。

句意：有些公园以拥有最大或最长的云霄飞车而闻名，另一些则以展示著名的景点和文化的声音而闻名。

结合句意可知表示"以……而闻名"短语为be famous for。

故填famous for。

③考查固定短语。

句意：你可能最熟悉的主题公园是迪斯尼乐园。

根据句意可知表示"对……熟悉"短语为be familiar with。

故填familiar with。

④考查形容词。

句意：它将带你进入一个神奇的世界，让你的梦想成真，无论你是在太空旅行，参观海盗船或会见你最喜欢的童话或迪斯尼卡通人物。

world为名词需要形容词修饰，表示"神奇的世界"，故填magical。

⑤考查固定短语。

句意：它将带你进入一个神奇的世界，让你的梦想成真，无论你是在太空旅行，参观海盗船或会见你最喜欢的童话或迪斯尼卡通人物。

根据句意可知表示"梦想成真"短语为make dream come true。

故填come true。

⑥考查动词。

句意：当你漫步在幻想游乐园，你可能会看到白雪公主或米老鼠在游行或
在街上。

结合句意可知表示"漫步"且为一般现在时，主语为you谓语动词用原形。

故填wander。

⑦考查名词。

句意同上。

根据句意可知表示"游行"名词为parade。

故填parade。

⑧考查形容词。

句意：当然，迪斯尼乐园也有许多令人兴奋的游乐设施，从巨大的摇摆船到可怕的自由落体。

修饰名词ships应用形容词，构成giant swinging ships"巨大的摇摆船"，故填swinging。

⑨考查形容词。

句意：当然，迪斯尼乐园也有许多令人兴奋的游乐设施，从巨大的摇摆船到可怕的自由落体。

修饰名词短语free-fall drops应用形容词，表示"可怕的"，故填terrifying。

⑩考查固定短语。

句意：有了这些吸引人的东西，难怪哪里有迪斯尼乐园，哪里的旅游业就会增长。

根据句意可知表示"难怪"短语为no wonder。

故填no wonder。

（2）①考查状语从句。

本句为whichever和whatever引导的让步状语从句，表示"无论哪一个""无论什么"，故译为"不论你喜欢哪一个，喜欢什么，总会有适合你的主题公园。

"。

②考查被动语态。

此处it指代主题公园，与谓语动词构成被动，翻译时注意符合中文的表达习惯。

故译为"世界上有几个地方有迪斯尼乐园。

"。

【点评】本题考点涉及形容词，固定短语，动词，名词以及非谓语动词等多个知识点的考查，并且含有两句英译汉，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式和正确的汉语翻译。

5．Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentences given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Nowhere To Hide: What Machines Can Tell From Your Face
The human face is a remarkable piece of work.________ So is the face's ability to send emotional signals, whether through the unconscious shame or the trick of a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility, trust and deceit. They also spend plenty of time trying to hide their feelings, intentions or nature.
________ In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers' attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it confirms the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple's new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the homescreen
Set against human skills, such applications might seem enhancive. Some breakthroughs, such as flight or the internet, obviously transform human abilities. ________ Although faces are peculiar to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, store and analyse images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast scale promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.
________ Masking true feelings helps fix the wheels of daily life. If your partner can spot every prohibited yawn, and your boss every hint of annoyance, marriages and working relationships will be more truthful, but less harmonious. The basis of social interactions might change, too, from a set of commitments founded on trust to calculations of risk and reward derived from the information a computer attaches to someone's face. Relationships might become more reasonable, but also transactional.
A. However, facial recognition seems merely to encode them.
B. Research show that artificial intelligence can reconstruct the facial structures of people.
C. Anyone with a phone can take a picture for facial-recognition programs to use.
D. Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces.
E. Continuous facial recording that paints computerized data onto the real world might change the texture of social interactions.
F. The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies.
【答案】 F；D；A；E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。

介绍了人脸识别技术不仅仅是一项新技术，它也将改变世界。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后“ So is the face's ability to send emotional signals, whether through the unconscious shame or the trick of a false smile”可知，人脸传递情感信号的功能也同样重要，无论是通过下意识的脸红还是有技巧的假笑。

所以小题1同后面的句子同样在说明人脸的作用和重要性。

故F. The astonishing variety of facial features helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies. “面部特征之纷繁各异令人惊叹，它让人们能相互辨认，也是形成复杂社会群体的关键”符合语境。

故选F。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后“In America facial recognition is used by churches to track worshippers' attendance; in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a suspect outside a football game. In China it confirms the identities of ride-hailing drivers, permits tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple's new iPhone is expected to use it to unlock the homescreen”可知，在美国，教堂使用人脸识别来追踪教徒做礼拜的出席情况；在英国，零售商用它来辨认有扒窃前科的顾客。

今年，威尔士警方利用人脸识别在足球场外逮捕了一名嫌疑犯。

在中国，人脸识别被用于验证网约车司机的身份、让游客刷脸进景点、让顾客微微一笑就能刷脸买单。

苹果的新款iPhone预计将用这一技术来解锁屏幕。

所以以上这些实例都在表明，科技正迅速赶上人类研读脸孔的能力。

也就是小题2要总说的内容。

故D. Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. “科技正迅速赶上人类研读脸孔的能力”符合语境。

故选D。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空前“such as flight or the internet, obviously t ransform human abilities.”可知，飞行或互联网这样的重大突破明显改变了人类的
能力。

接下来作者要转折话题，来说明人脸识别并没有像飞行或互联网这样的重大突破明显改变了人类的能力，而只是对面孔进行编码。

故 A. However, facial recognition seems merely to encode them. “而人脸识别似乎只是对面孔进行编码”符合句意。

故选A。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

根据空后“Masking true feelings helps fi x the wheels of daily life. If your partner can spot every prohibited yawn, and your boss every hint of annoyance, marriages and working relationships will be more truthful, but less harmonious. The basis of social interactions might change, too, from a set of commitments founded on trust to calculations of risk and reward derived from the information a computer attaches to someone's face. Relationships might become more reasonable, but also transactional.”可知，掩盖真实的感情有助于修复日常生活的车轮。

如果你的伴侣能发现每个禁止打哈欠的地方，那么你的老板的烦恼、婚姻和工作关系的每一点都会更加真实，但却不那么和谐。

社会互动的基础也可能发生变化，从建立在信任基础上的一套承诺转变为计算计算机附着在某人脸上的信息所产生的风险和报酬。

关系可能变得更合理，但也可能是交易关系。

以上都在说明计算机数据描绘现实世界的连续面部记录可能会改变社交互动的纹理。

也就是小题4要总结的内容。

故 E. Continuous facial recording that paints computerized data onto the real world might change the t exture of social interactions. “计算机数据描绘现实世界的连续面部记录可能会改变社交互动的纹理”符合语境。

故选E。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

6．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

The changes facing fast-food companies
Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cut spending, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. As a result, fast-food chains have survived the recession better than their more expensive competitors. In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6%, but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased.
But in this ongoing recession(萧条), which is more severe, not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall. In the recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money. Smaller fast-food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they cut back spending on advertising.
In face of such challenges, some fast-food companies have sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices low, hoping to tempt
more customers through the door. But in many cases that strategy doesn't work. Some companies are rethinking their strategies. KFC has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5 to attract consumers away from $1 specials.
Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks. McDonald's started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks. Its “McCafe” line now accounts for an estimated 6% of sales in America. As fast-food companies shift from “super size” to “more buys”, they need to keep customer traffic high throughout the day. Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food. McDonald's has started selling porridge in America, because the profits can be high.
But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing options like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity(肥胖). These offerings don't necessarily lead to profit loss, as they can broaden the appeal of stores to groups of diners that include some people who don't want to eat a burger.
But calls for tougher government regulation never wear down. This year Congress passed America's health-reform bill, which requires restaurant chains with 20 or more stores to put the calorie-content of items they serve to the menu. And the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie “Happy Meals”, because law makers believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests that fast-food companies will have to continue trying something new.
The changes facing fast-food companies。