工商管理专业英语词汇共18页

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工商管理专业英语词汇记忆

工商管理专业英语词汇记忆工商管理专业英语词汇记忆definitea.1.明确的，确切的2.一定的，肯定的单词记忆：de(表示强调)+fin(限制)+ite(形容词后缀)→限制一个范围→明确的，确切的missionn.使命，任务;代表团;布道;vt.派遣;向……传教单词记忆：miss(tosend派遣)+ion(名词后缀)→被派遣出去完成任务→使命，任务;代表团subtleadj.微妙的;精细的;敏感的;狡猾的;稀薄的unquestionableadj.毫无疑问的;确实的;无可挑剔的单词记忆：un(否定)+question(问题)+able(形容词后缀)→没有问题的→毫无疑问的;确实的;无可挑剔的soundvt.听(诊);测量，测…深;使发声;试探;宣告n.声音，语音;噪音;海峡;吵闹;听力范围;[医]探条adj.健全的，健康的;合理的;可靠的;有效彻底的attendancen.出席;到场;出席人数单词记忆：attend(出席)+ance(名词后缀)→出席;到场;出席人数quarrelvi.吵架;争论;挑剔;n.吵架;怨言;争吵的原因;方头凿vacantadj.空虚的;空的;空缺的;空闲的;茫然的单词记忆：vac(空的)+ant(形容词后缀)→空虚的;空的distinguishedadj.著名的;卓著的;高贵的单词记忆：distinguish(区别)+ed(形容词后缀)→区别对待的→著名的;卓著的;高贵的communicationn.通讯，[通信]通信;交流单词记忆：com(一起)+muni(服务，运动)+cation(复合名词后缀)→一起互动，交流→通讯，[通信]通信;交流delivervt.交付;发表;递送;释放;给予(打击);给…接生;vi.实现;传送;履行;投递单词记忆：de(down)+liver(live生命)→使新生命诞生下来→给…接生accidentn.1.意外遭遇，事故2.意外，意外因素单词记忆：ac(前缀，加强语气)+cid(发生)+ent(名词后缀)→偶然发生的→意外，事故dischargevi.获准离开,释放n.1.释放,解雇2.排出,发射3.卸(货),下(客)4.执行;履行n.排出，放出，放电单词记忆：dis(apart离开)+char(car车，搬运)+ge(age名词或者动词后缀)→准许离开beneathprep.在…之下adv.在下方单词记忆：be(加强)+neath(under)→在…之下adv.在下方friendshipn.友谊;友爱;友善单词记忆：friend(朋友)+ship(抽象状态名词后缀)→友谊;友爱;友善connectionn.连接;关系;连接件单词记忆：con(一起)+nect(next邻近，连接)+ion(名词后缀)→连接;关系cheerfuladj.快乐的;愉快的;高兴的单词记忆：cheer(愉快)+ful(形容词后缀)→快乐的;愉快的;高兴的miserableadj.悲惨的;痛苦的;卑鄙的单词记忆：miser(痛苦)+able(形容词后缀)→悲惨的;痛苦的unfortunateadj.不幸的;令人遗憾的;不成功的单词记忆：un(否定)+fortunate(幸运地)→不幸的;令人遗憾的nourishingadj.有营养的;滋养多的v.滋养;养育单词记忆：nourish(滋养)+ing(形容词缀)→滋养多的contentvt.使满足n.内容，目录;满足;容量adj.满意的单词记忆：con(together)+tent(tain包含)→包含了全书概括的部分→内容，目录debatevt.辩论，争论，讨论vi.辩论，争论，讨论n.辩论;辩论会单词记忆：de(down)+bate(打)→企图在语言上把别人打倒→辩论，争论inconveniencen.不便;麻烦vt.麻烦;打扰单词记忆：in(否定)+convenience(方便)→不便accommodatevt.容纳;使适应;供应;调解vi.适应;调解。

工商管理专业英语

工商管理专业英语第一篇：工商管理专业英语工商管理专业英语重点一．名词解释：1.whatisamanager?答：Amanager is a person who plans,organizes,directs,and controls the allocation of human ,material,financial,and information resources in pursuit of the organization’s goals.2.What is the difference between middle managers and first-line managers?答：The heavier emphasis onmanaging group performance and allocating resources represent the most important differences between first-line ang middle managers.3.How can you characterize top-managers’ work?答：Top managers spend most of their day(over 75 percent)planning and leading.pressures and demands on top managers can be intense.4.What is the one of natural outcomes of outsourcing?答：Modular corporations come into being.二．选词填空1.Adrian was in charge of theallocation of available funds.2.Our firm is orientedtowards the export side of the business.3.The on-time delivery of goods is required in the contract.4.Thegraphic displays will be heloful to illustrate the increase of the output.panies cannot survive fierce competition without innovativepersonnels.6.Keeping the accounts is part and parcel of my job.7.The CEO and other high-level executives are often referred to as top management.8.The tasks that managers do include planning,organizing,leading,andcontrolling the work of anorganization.9.Functional managers supervise employees having expertise in one area,such as accounting,humanresources,sales,finance,marketing,or production.10.general managers areresponsiblefor the operations of a more complex unit,such as a company or a division.11.He carried out a number offraudson trusting people who lent him money..12.He would not havesucceeded in such a risky business if he had not been such a clever entrepreneur.13.They could not tell the commcnding officer from his subordinates.14.The two old rivals vie for the frist place.15.Some people cannot be trusted to work wihout supervision.16.Half of the medical supplies have already beenallocated to the victims of the earthquake.17.Can youdifferentiatethis kind of rose from the others?18.The factory haslaid offworkers because of the drop in sales.19.They were blame for their failure to hold downexpenditure.20.The companyhas slashed the costs of the project in order to seize the last chance to survive.21.The company is trying todiversify its range of products so that they can get more market shares.22.Mr.Black realized that his company was in dire straits and it went beyond him to deal with the whole situation.23.Tom, my next door neighbor, isexemptform military service because of his poor health.24.With the economic environment improved , his company’s sale in that area is getting less susceptible to the crisis.25.Mr.White declared that he was notli able for his partner’s debts.26.The employees sued their manager for breach of contract.27.If we cannot keep on holding the edge in the services, we’ll lose our share in market.28.Nowadays, the manufacturing industry cannotmake do without services.29.T o merge or not to merge—that’s the question.The board of the company hasdeferred the decision to do it.30.A country’sinfrastructureservices must develop with its economic growth because no advanced society can be without these services.31.三．翻译英译汉：1.Sometimes, though, a first-line manager is a recent college graduate who is responsible for the work of both hourly employees and professionals.Such a first-line manager is likely to have little hands-on ck of experience isn’t a problem if the new manager is willing to learn and has the competence to communicate with diverse types of people , to coach and counsel subordinates, and to provide constructive constructive feedback.答;然而有时一个第一线经理是新来的大学毕业生，负责管理计时雇员和专业人员的工作。

工商英语重点词汇及句子

一、专业词汇sub-process 子系统子过程company life cycle企业生命周期customer satisfaction顾客满意度cash flow现金流commercial paper商业汇票national income theory国民收入理论prince index价格指数aggregate supply总供给trade barriers贸易壁垒deflation通货膨胀compensatory damage补偿性赔偿limited partnership有限合伙制the internal revenue code国内税务法规internet economy互联网经济tangible and intangible assets有形和无形资产psychological assessment心理测评contingency theory权变理论information symmetry信息对称sustained competitive advantage持续竞争优势administrative assistant行政助理information flow信息流daily management日常管理strategic plan战略规划trade credit商业信贷aggregate economic analysis总量经济分析nation’s aggregate income and output国家总收入和总产出market economy市场经济customer prince index消费者价格指数aggregate demand总需求sanction of a society社会控制机制punitive damage惩罚性损失赔偿intangible entity无形实体publicly held corporation公开招募性公司article of corporation公司章程by-low议事程序stock certificate股权证明resource-based theory基于资源的理论rare resource稀有资源functional-level strategy职能层战略二、重点句子1. We hedge on this issue because an individual could possess the raw materials, production capabilities, and provide the end product for personal use and therefore exist as a business of one.我们之所以避开这个话题，是因为个人也可以拥有原材料、生产能力并提供最终产品供个人使用，因此也可以作为一个企业存在2. Economists are interested in being able to measure both the level of output of an economy and changes in that output level over time。

工商管理专业英的语词汇与专题集结分析

工商管理专业英语词汇与专题集结Unit 1 :The evolution of management as a field of studyPart 1：Glossary1、evolution n（生物进化，强调慢，由时间累加而成）change vt. 改变；交换 n. 变化；找回的零钱 vi. 改变；兑换revolution n 变革改革（工业变革、企业变革、思维变革）2、general adj 一般的，普通的；综合的；大体的 n. 一般；将军，上将；常规generalizable adj 课归纳的可概括的generalization n 概括generalize vi 形成概念 vt 概括推广generalized adj普遍的无显著特征的3、autobiography n自传自传文学biography n 传记档案个人简历4、memoir n回忆录5、extreme adj极其的extremely adv 极其地badly 极其地恶劣地非常地严重地heavily 沉重地猛烈地沉闷地（修饰可数名词）strongly 强有力地气味浓烈地（如酒的烈等）6、perspective n 观点视角 on the perspective of 以……视角respect n （可观存在的）方面aspect n（主观的）方面retrospect n 回顾 intro-- outro-- retro-- 后续7、turnover n流通量人员流失量资金周转 adj 可翻转的daily turnover 日产量annual turnover 年产量Takeaway 打包外卖8、approach（es） n 办法方法 vt 接近着手处理 vi 接近way（显而易见的）方法method（理论研究）方法Path（实现……路径）方法channel（营销方面）方法9、dynamize vt（考虑到通货膨胀等因素）增加（养老金、退休金等）价值使增加dynamical adj （连贯的）变化action 活动10、interdependent adj 相互依赖的互助的11、character n 性格特质characterize 描述（特征）Chinese character 中文汉子describe （文学）描述12、popularity n 普及声誉名望Populace n 大众民众popularization n 通俗化民众化13、reliance n 信赖信任受信赖的人或物 rely on 依赖依靠14、sufficient a 充足的15、sufficiency n 充足（可形容人自满自傲）16、alliance n 联盟联合17、complement n 补足物18、complementary adj 补足的补充的Part 21、 community n 社区社团（合法的）district n 区域地方行政communist n共产党共产主义 adj共产主义的communism n 共产主义communist party 共产党2、 social adj 社会的人际的socialism n 社会主义的社会主义者（socialist）3、 capitalism n 资本主义资本4、 imperialism n 帝国主义5、 CEO （chief executive officer）CFO （chief finance officer）COO （chief operation officer）CDO （chief design officer）6、agency n代理中介代理处travel agency 旅行社7、 managing director 总经理常务理事总裁8、 supervisor 主管9、 market share 市场占有率10、prevailing price 流行价格（基于市场的）on the prevailing price 吃回扣market cut （口语中不正当的、不合法的）回扣11、managerial competency 管理胜任能力12、insurance agency 保险机构13、task force 特别小组14、allocation of resource 资源配置15、sales associate 销售合伙人销售助理 peer 同事Unit 2：The scope of managementPart 1：Glossary1、 entail vt 使承担需要（必须的）伴随 n 零售批发entailment n 限定继承retail vt. 零售；转述 vi. 零售 n. 零售 adv. 以零售方式 adj. 零售的t ail n 尾巴2、conform v 使一致；使需要 conform to 遵照、符合Conformable a 顺从的、合适的、一致的Conformance n 顺应、一致Conformation n 构造Reform v 改革、改制Transform 变形Inform v 通知3、envision v 想像Vision n 视力、视觉、视野、远见Visible a 可见的Visionary n 空想家、梦想家Visibility n 可见物4、strive v 奋斗、争取Strive for 为……奋斗、争取（+目标或者物）Strive toward （常常+目标，朝……奋斗）Strive with +人与……一起奋斗5、mission n 使命（短期内不可实现）（难度很大）Task n 相当具体的任务（往往是上级下达的）Target n 任务目标Goal n （长期）目标Assignment n 任务分配（如大学作业，职位等）6、franchise n 代理、特许经营、特许经营权（如KFC或者HM)Dealership n 代理商、经营权Chain store 广泛性质的连锁（如绝味鸭脖）Territory sales （manager）大众化区域经理Territory dealership 区域经销权（代理商）7、tactical a （贬义）战术的（用手段完成）Tactic n 策略，战略Strategy n （褒义词）战略、策略Stick（y） a 小把戏、小技巧8、department n 部门的、院系的、科室Dept n 简写9、peer n 同级的同事Colleague n 同事Coworker n 团队同事（短期合作）10、foster v 促进、抚养、培养Promote v 职位晋升、销售的促销Promotion n 职位晋升、促销Enhance v 加强（没有strengthen程度强）Push v 强制推行或执行11、stakeholder n 持股人、股东Ower n 拥有者Partner n 搭档Manager n 管理者补充：informercial n 商业信息片Commercial n 商业，通过利益获取利润（贬义）Unit 3：What are organizations？Part 1：Glossary1、beast n 事物2、organ n 器官organize v 指人或动物的组织organization n 组织3、contrivance n 发明（物）、机械、谋划contrived a 牵强的contrive v 设计、谋划、发明4、patronage n 所有顾客谢谢惠顾patrons n 老顾客crew n （飞机、火车、船）的工作人员staff n 员工（下级）teamplayer n （比赛）成员5、impact n 影响力Impact on 对……影响influence n 影响6、associate v 联合、结合associate with…………联合7、whim n 突然想起的念头（怪）、一时兴致idea n 清晰的注意（能被人接受）thought n 伟人思想hope （可实现的）wish （虚拟的）imagination n 想象illustion n 由药物酒精而产生的幻觉fancy n 意想不到的惊喜、新潮的、昂贵的（酒店、餐厅）fancied a 空想的fanciful a 空想的（东西）fantasy n 白日梦fantistico n 爱奇思怪想的人8、achieve v 获取、取得（正面的东西）attain v 获取achievement n 成就成果achievable a 可实现的9、soul n 灵魂、人、精髓（理论、思想……）lack soul 缺乏内涵ghost泛指真正的鬼魂10、virtue n 美德By virtue of 由于……/鉴于……virtual a 虚拟的11、survival n 生存、幸存survive （in） v 靠……维持；以……存活survivable a 幸存的survivor n 幸存者12、efficiency n 功效、效率、效能efficient a 直接生效的relieve v 缓解13、intellectual a 智力的intelligence n 由于学习知识，智力的提升Central intelligence agency （CIA）中央情报局（美国）intelligible a 明白易懂的intellect n 智力、理解力、知识分子、智力高的人、思维逻辑领悟力intellection n 智力活动Intellectual property 知识产权Intellectual works 脑力活动14、chart n （泛指）图表Curve n 特指曲线图pie n 指扁形图Table n 指财务报表Form n （需写个人信息）图表（如酒店入住）Graph n （带有图片说明）图表Part 2Aspect vs RespectSide （两面的）面 by your side 在你身边Field (具体的领域）领域Area （范围广）区域Factor （文章中提到的要点、具体某点）要素Facet （立体的面）建筑物的面Dimension （指空间交叉的维度）维度Lateral 指边的Unilateral 单边的、独边的Multilateral 多变的Marginal边缘化（国际关系……）页边Refer v 参考Refer to ……as 作为……提及Reference n 参考文献Profit—oriented 营利导向的Nonprofit 非营利的Profitable 可营利的Profit vs benefitProfit 贬义词是指营利以后给的好处Benefit 褒义词包含各方面的好处Unit 4：Developing quality and competitive advantagePart 1：Glossary1、innovation n 创新、革新innovative a 创新的，革新的（突破，不一定是史无前例的创新）Creative a 创造性、创新的（指方法、观点、思想的创新，前所未有的） Innovate v 创新、创造2、optimize v 使最优化（决策）Optimization n 最优化Optimistic a 乐观的Optimist n 乐观主义者Optimism n 乐观主义Optimistical a 乐观的、乐天的Optimistically a 乐观地、乐天地3、medieval a 中世纪的、（贬）原始的、仿中世纪的、老式的medievalism n 中世纪精神、中世纪性质4、usher v 宣告、展示介绍、开始、开创5、exoticism n 异国风情、情调strange a 由陌生不熟悉产生的奇怪weird a 对行为性格、事件超出常规的奇怪exotic a 由宗教或风俗所产生的奇怪6、strenuous a 艰苦的、需要付出巨大努力的（对应achieve）effort （努力程度最轻）努力struggle v （生死线上、不是一般的努力）挣扎7、artifical a 人工智能的、非真实的、伪造的fake n 赝品counterfeit n 仿制品、仿冒品knockoff n 名牌的仿制品copycat n 没有主见的模仿（包括人和物）Shanzhai 山寨山寨手机：Robinhood cellphone8、navigate v （航海领域、空中、陆地）导航navigation n 航行、航海navigable a 可航行的、可驾驶的、适于航行的navigability n 耐航性9、prototype n 原型、标准、模范stereotype v 使用铅板、套用老套、使一成不变 n 陈腔滥调、老套、铅板Unit 5：Competitive industry environment analysisPart 1：Glossary1、long-term 长期的2、aggregation a 集合体3、carbonated a 充了碳酸气的4、alignment n 结盟5、meaningless a 无意义的、无价值的6、withdrawal n 撤退7、interactive a 互相作用的8、nutrition n 营养9、pharmaceutical a 制药的10、niche n 产品或服务所需的特殊领域11、entrant n 参加竞赛者12、replenishment n 补给补充13、alleviate v 减轻14、shakeout 经济衰退Inventory list 库存清单 future deal 期货交易 stock deal 股票交易Spot deal 现货交易 trade mark 商标 executive director执行理事第六单元和第七单元的词汇全看专业英语题型解析：选词填空：看专业英语书每单元后面练习II、Vocabulary Review的选词填空部分，试卷题目为四选一，相对简单点，但是一定要记得词汇本身固有的搭配，可参照总结的词汇。

商务英语工商导论专业单词表

stockholder 股东Fundamentals of business executive 公司行政领导Unit 1franchisor 授予特许者dsole proprietorship 商个体，个体户écor （店铺）装饰attire （员工）服装partnership 商合伙，合伙公司corporation (股份有限)公司unit 2 franchise 特许经营replica 执照复制品)license/permit (营业centralized 中央集权的sole proprietor 个体业主chronic shortage 长期短缺shareholder 股东product-oriented 产品导向的board director 董事会成员，董事acquire unlimited liability 无限责任获得personal selling 获取方法，渠道当面推销accesspublicity 资产assets 媒体推介bulk buying financing 筹集的资金，融资大宗购买discount price 打折销售marketing 营销uniform specification 统一规格dissolution 解散marketing mix 营销组合法律事务所law firmpromotion 促销accounting firm 会计事务所utility 功能，便利real estate firm 房地产公司channels of distribution 分销渠道，销售渠道partner 合伙人general partner 市场细分market segmentation 普通合伙人…)limited partner (责任有限合伙人瞄准，集中精力于zero in on…人口统计的供货商supplier demographicextend credit 提供信贷消费心态学psychographic法律框架legal framework 产品用途因素product-use variable破产go brokeunit 3internal conflict 内部纷争，冲突肉汤convenience goods 方便商品broth incorporator shopping goods （货比三家后再购买的）商品公司股东sales revenue 销售收入specialty goods 特种商品，特色商品feasibility 可行的法人legal person可销售性sue 起诉，控告marketabilitybankrupt 样品，样机pilot model 破产bond 债权样机prototype商业化抵押物collateral commercialization产品生命周期…finance 为提供资金product life cycle定价扩张expansion pricing所有权与经profit-oriented objectives 利润导向型目标separated ownership and managementreturn on capital 资本（投资）回报率营分离销售额导向型目标termination 终结sales-oriented objectiveresilient 亏本销售，赔本买卖be sold under cost 可恢复的有弹性的，跟进型目标follow-the leader objective dividend 股息，分红equilibrium price 所得税income tax 均衡点价格双重征税double taxation 盈亏平衡点break-even公司执照corporate charter 双刃剑double-edge swordindustrial relations 劳资关系撇脂战略skimming strategy渗透战略penetration strategy 引起，导致incurloss leader pricing strategy （用少量低价商品）诱premium 奖励券trade stamp 行业优惠券导战略redeem 兑换，返还odd pricing strategy 心理定价战略trade show 行业展览会price lining strategy 分类定价战略sponsorship 赞助unit 4 public relations 公共关系publicity 媒体推介wholesaler 批发商word of mouth 口碑retailer 零售商discount store 折扣商店，平价商店unit 6周转率turnoverportability 邮购公司可携带性mail-order housedivisibility vending machine 自动售货机可分割性stability 虚拟商店，网上商店稳定性virtual storedurability 耐用性，耐磨损性agent 代理商acceptability 合法使用性经纪人brokerdenomination 面值time utility 时间上的方便paper note 纸币place utility 地点上的方便inflation 通货膨胀ownership utility 获得拥有权上的方便transaction 交易信息上的方便information utilitycirculation 流通form utility 产品成型上的方便legal tender 法定货币truck rates 卡车运费medium of exchange perishable 易腐烂的交换媒体store of value 价值存储叉车forkliftunit of account conveyer belt 运输带计算单位，会计单位活期存款demand deposit crane 吊车产生利息的interest-bearingunit 5支票帐户checking account取款withdrawal 促销组合promotion mixproduct advertising 产品广告minimum balance 最少余额credit union 厂商整体形象广告institutional advertising 信用社serial number 序列号outdoor billboard 户外广告牌spot liquidity变现性，流动性（播放）时段specialist magazine 专业杂志portfolio 投资组合有价证券（互联网上的）超媒体hypermedia securities存款帐户savings account yellow pages 电话薄货币兑换currency exchange 广告代理公司advertising agency信用证artwork 艺术设计letters of creditcommission 银行承兑＇s acceptance banker佣金draft 汇票物色（潜在顾客）prospectaccess card 自动柜员机卡确认qualify接触（顾客）信用卡credit card approach借记卡debit card 演示make presentation理财咨询financial counseling 处理（顾客）不同意见handle objectionshome mortgage 成交close 住房抵押互助储蓄银行follow-up售后跟踪mutual savings bank销售点上的演示point-of-sale displays 存款人depositorsweep stakes 摸奖，赌券养老基金pension fund保险费premium 打折券，优惠券couponunchecked 不受控制的creditor 债权人liquidation 可持续的清算sustainableFederal Reserve 美国联邦储备局unit 8美联储Fedmanagerial accounting 管理会计discount rate 贴现率financial accounting 财务会计open-market operation 公开市场运作financial statement vault 金库财务报表balance sheet 资产负债表dealer （有价证券）券商owner＇s equity 所有者权益unit 7patent 专利copyright 版权行业信用trade creditcurrent assets 流动资产commercial paper 短期融资券fixed assets 固定资产factor （对应收帐等的）贴现intangible assets 无形资产account receivable 应收账款liabilities 负债account payable 应付账款current liabilities open account 开立账户，赊账帐户流动负债long-term liabilities 长期负债promissory note 本票current ratio 流动比率draft 汇票quick ratio （acid test ratio）速动比率义务，债务obligationrental revenue line of credit 信用额度租赁收入gross profit margin 无担保的secured/ unsecured 有/ 毛利润率net profit margin 净利润率collateral 抵押物inventory turnover 库存周转率inventory 库存average inventory 平均库存compensating balance 补偿余额account receivable turnover 循环信用revolving credit 应收账款周转率the going interest rate 市场利率s investment ＇投资回报率return on owner 面值face valueunit 9factor 贴现商securities market 债务资本debt capital 证券市场underwrite 承销corporate bond 公司债券broker 经纪人equity capital 权益资本retained earnings 留用利润stock exchange 股票交易所股票经销商（公司）股息dividend stock brokerage预计股价会涨者，买多者bull depreciation 折旧预计股票会跌者，卖空者bear 一个公司的股票总称stock投机者IOU 借据speculator股权融资equity financing 放弃forfeitshare 股票其中的一张growth stocks 绩优股借款融资debt financing blue chip 蓝筹股，绩优股资本结构capital structure speculative issues 收益与风险俱大的股票现金流cash flowunit 10utilities companies 水，电等公用事业公司risk management 风险管理到期日maturity date半成品本金principal works-in-process概率redemption premium 赎金probability优先股preferred stock pirating 海盗活动callable 可召回的马六甲海峡the Strait of Malacca 套期保值hedging 普通股common stockfeed 饲料meeting of the minds 合意coercion 胁迫risk-sharing mechanism风险分担机制fraudulent manipulation 欺诈操纵premium 保险费consideration 对价insurance policy 保险合同proper form 可保利益有效形式insurable interestbreach of contract 违约indemnity 补偿enforceable 可实施的，可执行的subrogation 代位tort law 侵权法proximate cause 近因negligence insured 保户疏忽surgical forceps 抚养人手术用镊子dependenttitle to property 财产所有权utmost good faith 最大诚信trial 赔偿compensation 试用cash on delivery 货到付款，交货付现contribution 全部赔偿不能超过应得补偿free on board 离岸价格insurable risk 可保风险unauthorized 未经授权的underwrite 承保royalty 版税，专利使用费保户policyholderlicense 允许使用（专利）property insurance 财产险warranty 担保marine insurance 海险merchantability 可用性adversity 灾祸refund 退款航空险aviation insurancenegotiable instrument liability insurance 责任险票据certificate of deposit 单位，私家所属的场所存款单premisesmaker worker＇s compensation 工伤赔偿（本票，支票）出票人drawer （汇票）出票人split-liability 责任分担endorsement vandalism 打砸等破坏行为背书blank endorsement 无过错汽车保险no-fault auto insurance 普通背书restrictive endorsement （指定收票人的）特种背reimburse 报销surgical expenses 手术费用书qualified endorsement 限定性背书hospital expenses 住院费用without recourse 不可追索自选组合cafeteria planagency law 代理法term life insurance 简单寿险principal 定期寿险limited payment life insurance 委托人，授权人agent endowment life insurance 增值寿险代理人power of attorney 委任书，授权书完全寿险straight life insuranceequitable 公平的group life insurance 集团寿险terms of reference 授权范围关键人物险key person insuranceoverbill 信用寿险开出超过合理数额的账单credit life insurancebankruptcy law fidelity bond 忠实险破产法petition for bankruptcy 履行义务险破产申请surety bond referee 调解人unit 11trustee 托管人proceeds 普通法，习惯法，判例法common law 收益extension agreement 制定法，成文法statutory law 延展协议reorganization regulatory law 行政法规重组jurisdiction 管辖，权限unit 13合法目的lawful purposeplanning 合同各方具备能力competency of parties 规划手段和目的means and ends 自愿缔约voluntary agreement organizing 组织chain of command 指挥链，指令链leading 领导motivate 激励，激发autonomy 自主权rewards 回报，奖励controlling 调控deviation 偏离，背离corrective measure 矫正措施chief executive officer 首席执行官function/division manager 部门经理operating manager 操作层经理human skills 人际关系技能conceptual skills 概括技能technical skills 操作技能recruit 招聘，招募political tint 政治色彩bottom-line manager 一线经理，基层经理proven track record 被实践证明的业绩记录headhunter 猎头公司job specialization 工作专门化departmentalization 部门化unity of command 统一指挥line authority 直线职权staff authority 职能（部门的）职权line-and-staff organization 直线――职能混合型组织responsibility 责任delegation分权，授权span of management 管理跨度，管理幅度hierarchical levels 管理层次，组织结构层次functional organization 按功能划分部门的组织divisional organization 按事业部划分的组织division manager 部门经理，事业部经理generalist 经验全面的人才，通才matrix organization 矩阵型组织standing committee 常设委员会ad hoc committee 特别委员会grapevine 非正式沟通的途径。

工商管理专业英语

envision v. 想象、设想、展望 They envision an equal society, free of poverty and disease.
affordable adj. 支付得起的、不太昂贵的 v. afford 担负得起、提供、给予 affordable housing 经济适用房
3. 3. Focus: specific regional market or customer groups
Managerial Structure
First-line managers middle managers
top managers
Strategic goals
tactical objectives operational objectives
adj. 客观的、真实的、目标的
Management pyramid 管理金字塔、管理组织结构 Top managers 高层管理者（通常包括CEO, COO, CFO, CIO等） Strategic goals 战略目标（全局的、总体的目标） Middle managers 中层管理者（通常包括部门经理、分公司经理等） Tactical objectives 战术目标（部门的目标、服从于strategic
New Manager
1.Thinks of self as sponsor（发起者主办者） , team leader, or internal consultant（顾问）. 2.Deals with anyone necessary to get the job done. 3.Changes organizational structures in response to market change. 4.Invites others to join in decision making. 5.Shares information.

工商管理英语词汇

Unit 1Fortune Magazine 财富杂志500---topenterprises 500强企业Organizational settings/structure 组织设置/设计Organizational goal 组织目标Common goal 共同目标for-profit companies 盈利性公司non-profit companies 非盈利性组织Market share 市场份额Manager 经理General Manager 总经理Deputy General Manager 副总经理Department manager 部门经理Product manager 产品经理Account manager 财务经理Plant manager 工厂经理Division manager 分部经理District manager 区域经理Task force manager 业务经理CEO: Chief executives officer 首席执行官Chief knowledge officer 首席培训官Chief information officer 首席信息官President 总裁Managing director 常务董事Supervisor 督导员Coach 培训员insurance agent 保险业务员stockbroker 股票经济人accountant 会计师lawyer 律师famous brand 名牌managerial competencies 管理能力revenue 营业收益scope of management 管理幅度quality control 质量控制communication competency 沟通能力empower 授权goods and services 商品和服务Unit 2level of management 管理层次first-line manager 一线经理/基层管理者steel production plant 钢铁生产厂sales manager 销售经理dealership 经销（商）telemarketing center 电话营销中心parts 零件settle disputes 解决争端overtime 加班inspect products 检验产品technical expertise 专业技术day-to-day task 日常工作middle management 中层管理者nonmanagerial personnel 非管理人员director of finance 财务主任receptionist 接待员stuff assistant 助理人员evaluation criteria 评估标准performance 业绩delegate 授权mission 宗旨government negotiation 政府谈判community affairs 社区事务business competition 商业竞争managerial thoughts 管理思想restructuring of organization 企业重组merger 合并downsize 缩小规模lay off 使…下岗；解雇decentralization 分散决策bureaucracy 官僚作风layers of hierarchy 机构层次improve customer relations 改善客户关系human resource 人力资源authoritarian management 独裁主义管理self-management 自我管理autonomous companies 独立公司outsourcing 外包modular corporation 组件公司apparel company 服装公司strategic decisions 战略决策unit cost of production 单位生产成本overhead 一般管理费用competitive advantage 竞争优势strategic alliance 战略联盟reap benefits 获得收益biotechnology 生化技术pharmaceuticals 制药业economics 经济学economic behavior 经济行为scarcity 稀缺性individual decisionmaking 个人决策tradeoff 交换关系efficiency 效率equity 公平opportunity cost 机会成本rational people 理性人margin 边际MR marginal revenue 边际收益MC marginal cost 边际成本MU marginal utility 边际效用incentives 激励competitors and partners 竞争对手和贸易伙伴supply 供给demand 需求economic equilibrium 经济均衡change in demand 需求的变动change in supply 供给的变动Change in quantity demanded 需求量的变动change in quantity supplied 供给量的变动preference 偏好factors of production 生产要素surplus 剩余shortage 短缺theory of the firm 公司理论perfect competition 完全竞争price-taker 价格的接受者price-setter 价格的制定者monopoly 垄断oligopolistic 寡头垄断competitive monopoly 垄断竞争TC total cost 总成本TFC total fixed cost 总固定成本TVC total variable cost 总可变成本ATC average total cost 平均总成本AFC average fixed cost 平均固定成本A VC average variable cost 平均可变成本market economy 市场经济factor market 要素市场invisible hand 看不见的手value of a good 商品价值welfare of the society 社会福利market failure 市场失灵government intervention 政府干预externality 外部性external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本market power 市场权利public goods 公共物品standard of living 生活水平inflation 通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩CPI: consumer price index 消费价格指数budget deficit 预算赤字minimum-wage laws 最低工资法trade union 工会financial market 金融市场economic policymaker 经济政策制定者Phillips curve 菲利普斯曲线equitable distribution 平均分配personal income tax 个人所得税welfare system 福利制度health care 医疗national income account 国民收入帐户expenditure approach 支出法GDP 国内生产总值capital goods 资本品capital stock 资本存货transfer payment 转移支付government bonds 政府债券tax evasion 偷税、漏税frictional unemployment 摩擦性失业structural unemployment 结构性失业cyclical unemployment 周期性失业seasonal unemployment 季节性失业primary responsibility 主要责任planning framework 计划框架read future 解读未来management by objectives 目标管理set goals 设定目标develop action plan 指定行动计划review progress 检查进展情况quality goals 质量目标periodic review/check up 定期检查appraise overall performance 评价总体绩效safety problem 安全问题quarterly safety reports 每季度安全报告single-use plan 一次性计划standing plans 常备计划quality planning 质量计划shewhart cycle shewhart循环service quality 服务质量contingency plan 应变计划scenario 方案corporate goals 公司目标planning time horizon 计划时间范围performance appraisal system 业绩评估体系emergency budget 紧急预算flexibility 灵活性adaptability 适应性system of safety recognition 安全认定系统line supervisor 基层管理者commendation letter 表彰信corporate values 公司价值观念market standing 市场定位mission statement 企业宗旨说明learning organization 学习型组织top-down approach 自上而下制定计划法bottom-up approach 自下而上制定计划法long-range planning 长期计划Organizing 组织restructure 结构重组deployment of resources 资源配置mechanism for coordinating 协作机制decision responsibility 决策职责hierarchical level 组织层极span of managers’ control 经理管理职权vertical control 纵向控制work specialization 工作专业化division of labor 劳动分工chain of command 指令链unity of command 指令唯一性delegation 授权tyrants 独裁者accountability 承担责任line authority 业务权力staff authority 职能权力line department 业务部门staff department 职能部门centralization 集中决策decentralization 分散决策formalization 规范化rule books 规章手册job description 工作观念vertical functional approach 纵向管理divisional approach 分层管理horizontal matrix 横向矩阵结构team-based approach 任务组管理network approach 组件管理divisional structure 分层管理结构product structure 产品机构program structure 项目结构self-contained unit structure 自己自足的单位结构geographic structure 地区性管理结构autonomous business 独立自治企业medium-sized corporation 中型企业dual/two lines of authority 双重领导product line 产品业务key matrix roles 矩阵管理中的关键作用cross-functional team 跨功能工作组virtual network 虚拟组件final assembly 成品组装leading 领导motivation 激励Need theories 需求理论Hierarchy of needs theory 需求层次理论Two-factor theory 双因素理论Process theories 过程型理论Expectancy theory 期望理论Goal-setting theory 目标设置理论Reinforcement theory 强化理论Motivation process 激励过程Content theories 内容型理论Physiological needs 生理需求Safety needs 安全需求Belongingness needs 归属需求Esteem needs 尊重需求Self-actualization needs 自我实现需求Need for achievement (nAch) 成就需求Need for affiliation (nAff) 归属需求Need for power (nPow) 权力需求position power 职位权力legitimate power 法理权力reward power 奖赏权力coercive power 惩罚权力personal power 个性化权力expert power 专业技能权力referent power 禀性相关权力Equity theory 公平理论charismatic leadership 个人魅力型领导autocratic leader 独断/专断型领导democratic leader 民主型领导authoritarian management 极权型领导centralize authority 集权supportive leadership 支持型领导directive leadership 指导型领导participative leadership 参与型领导achievement-oriented leadership 业绩导向型领导transformational leadership 变革型领导transactional leadership 运作型领导servant leadership 公仆型领导organizational settings 组织结构/设置shared vision 共识design structure 设计企业结构Unit 9control process 控制过程control system 控制系统strategic control 战略控制tactical control 战术控制operational control 作业控制organizational control 企业控制feedforward control 事前控制concurrent control 事中控制feedback control 事后控制budget and financial controls 预算和财务控制liguidity ratios 流动比率activity ratios 业绩比率profitability ratios 利润率leverage tatios 杠杆比率expense budget 支出预算capital budget 资本预算revenue budget 收入预算cash budget 现金预算market control 市场控制overcontrol 过度控制undercontrol 控制不足bureaucratic control 层级管理方法decentralization control 权力下放/分权管理self-discipline 自律individual performance 个人表现corporate culture 公司/企业文化employee s’ commitment involvement 雇员的承诺与参与monitor and influence employees’ behavior 监督、影响雇员行为define minimal standards 规定最低限度标准control the flow and pace of work 控制工作流量与速度Too much control can backfire 过多的控制会产生事与愿违的结果。

工商管理专业专业术语汇总

工商管理专业英语术语汇总专业简介: 工商管理主要研究管理学、经济学和现代企业管理等方面的基本知识和技能，包括企业的经营战略制定和内部行为管理等，运用现代管理的方法和手段进行有效的企业管理和经营决策，制定企业的战略性目标，以保证企业的生存和发展。

开设课程: 管理学原理、微观经济学、宏观经济学、技术经济学、管理信息系统、统计学、会计学、中级会计实务、财务管理、运筹学、市场营销、经济法、现代公司制概论、经营管理、公司金融、人力资源管理、企业战略管理等。

一、管理学原理术语术语术语术语术语管理 (Management)经营管理 (BusinessManagement)管理过程 (ManagementProcess)管理功能 (ManagementFunctions)管理层次 (ManagementLevels)管理者 (Manager)领导者 (Leader)领导风格 (LeadershipStyle)领导理论 (LeadershipTheory)领导技能 (LeadershipSkills)决策 (Decision Making)决策类型 (DecisionTypes)决策模型 (DecisionModels)决策方法 (DecisionMethods)决策过程 (DecisionProcess)规划 (Planning)规划类型 (PlanningTypes)规划原则 (PlanningPrinciples)规划工具 (PlanningTools)规划控制 (PlanningControl)组织 (Organization)组织结构(OrganizationalStructure)组织设计(Organizational Design)组织文化(OrganizationalCulture)组织变革(OrganizationalChange)激励 (Motivation)激励理论 (MotivationTheory)激励方法 (MotivationMethods)激励因素 (MotivationFactors)激励效果 (MotivationEffects)控制 (Control)控制类型 (ControlTypes)控制原则 (ControlPrinciples)控制方法 (ControlMethods)控制过程 (ControlProcess)沟通 (Communication)沟通模型(Communication Model)沟通方式(Communication Mode)沟通技巧(Communication Skills)沟通障碍(CommunicationBarriers)协调 (Coordination)协调机制 (CoordinationMechanism)协调原则 (CoordinationPrinciples)协调方法 (CoordinationMethods)协调效果(CoordinationEffects)管理环境(Management Environment)管理伦理(ManagementEthics)管理创新(ManagementInnovation)管理战略(ManagementStrategy)管理评价(ManagementEvaluation)二、微观经济学术语术语术语术语术语微观经济学(Microeconomics)市场(Market)需求(Demand)供给(Supply)市场均衡(MarketEquilibrium)弹性(Elasticity)消费者行为(ConsumerBehavior)效用(Utility)边际效用(MarginalUtility)预算约束(BudgetConstraint)消费者选择(ConsumerChoice)无差异曲线(IndifferenceCurve)边际替代率(Marginal Rateof Substitution)消费者剩余(Consumer Surplus)需求曲线(DemandCurve)生产者行为(ProducerBehavior)生产函数(ProductionFunction)边际产品(MarginalProduct)规模报酬(Returns toScale)成本(Cost)短期成本(Short-runCost)长期成本(Long-runCost)边际成本(Marginal Cost)平均成本(AverageCost)供给曲线(Supply Curve)市场结构(Market Structure)完全竞争(PerfectCompetition)垄断(Monopoly)寡头(Oligopoly)垄断竞争(MonopolisticCompetition)价格歧视(Price Discrimination)博弈论(Game Theory)纳什均衡(NashEquilibrium)策略(Strategy)支配策略(DominantStrategy)外部性(Externality)公共品(Public Good)信息不对称(AsymmetricInformation)逆向选择(AdverseSelection)道德风险(Moral Hazard)市场失灵(MarketFailure)政府干预(GovernmentIntervention)税收(Taxation)补贴(Subsidy)福利经济学(WelfareEconomics)三、宏观经济学术语术语术语术语术语宏观经济学(Macroeconomics)国民收入(NationalIncome)国内生产总值(GrossDomestic Product)国民生产总值(GrossNational Product)消费者物价指数(Consumer PriceIndex)通货膨胀(Inflation)失业(Unemployment)菲利普斯曲线(Phillips Curve)经济增长(EconomicGrowth)经济周期(EconomicCycle)经济波动(Economic Fluctuation)经济危机(EconomicCrisis)经济衰退(EconomicRecession)经济萧条(EconomicDepression)经济恢复(EconomicRecovery)总需求(Total Demand)总供给(Total Supply)总需求总供给模型(Aggregate Demand andAggregate Supply Model)短期均衡(Short-runEquilibrium)长期均衡(Long-runEquilibrium)消费(Consumption)投资(Investment)政府支出(GovernmentSpending)净出口(Net Exports)国民收入恒等式(National IncomeIdentity)消费函数(Consumption Function)边际消费倾向(MarginalPropensity to Consume)投资函数(InvestmentFunction)边际效率投资(MarginalEfficiency ofInvestment)多重效应(MultiplierEffect)货币(Money)货币供应量(MoneySupply)货币需求量(Money Demand)货币市场平衡(MoneyMarket Equilibrium)利率(Rate ofInterest)货币政策(MonetaryPolicy)中央银行(Central Bank)开放市场操作(Open MarketOperations)存款准备金率(ReserveRequirement Ratio)贴现率(DiscountRate)财政政策(FiscalPolicy)政府预算(GovernmentBudget)财政赤字(Fiscal Deficit)公共债务(Public Debt)自动稳定器(AutomaticStabilizer)国际贸易(InternationalTrade)国际收支(Balance ofPayments)汇率(Exchange Rate)贸易政策(Trade Policy)汇率制度(ExchangeRate Regime)四、技术经济学术语术语术语术语术语技术经济学(Technical Economics)技术(Technology)技术创新(TechnologicalInnovation)技术进步(TechnologicalProgress)技术水平(TechnologicalLevel)技术选择(Technological Choice)技术评价(TechnologicalEvaluation)技术效益(TechnologicalBenefit)技术风险(TechnologicalRisk)技术转让(TechnologicalTransfer)技术方案(TechnicalScheme)技术参数(TechnicalParameter)技术指标(TechnicalIndicator)技术标准(TechnicalStandard)技术规范(TechnicalSpecification)工程项目(EngineeringProject)工程设计(EngineeringDesign)工程造价(EngineeringCost)工程投资(EngineeringInvestment)工程回收期(EngineeringPayback Period)工程效益分析(Engineering BenefitAnalysis)工程经济效益(Engineering EconomicBenefit)工程社会效益(Engineering SocialBenefit)工程环境效益(EngineeringEnvironmental Benefit)工程综合效益(EngineeringComprehensive Benefit)资金(Fund)资金需求(FundDemand)资金来源(FundSource)资金成本(Fund Cost)资金利润率(Fund ProfitRate)现金流量(Cash Flow)现金流量表(Cash FlowStatement)现金流量分析(CashFlow Analysis)现金流量折现(Discounted Cash Flow)现值净值(Net PresentValue)内部收益率(Internal Rate of Return)敏感性分析(SensitivityAnalysis)变动成本(MarginalCost)变动收益(MarginalRevenue)边际分析(MarginalAnalysis)五、管理信息系统术语术语术语术语术语管理信息系统(Management Information System)信息系统(InformationSystem)信息技术(InformationTechnology)信息资源管理(InformationResource Management)信息系统规划(Information SystemPlanning)信息需求分析(Information Requirement Analysis)信息系统设计(Information SystemDesign)信息系统开发(Information SystemDevelopment)信息系统实施(InformationSystem Implementation)信息系统维护(Information SystemMaintenance)数据(Data)数据库(Database)数据库管理系统(DatabaseManagement System)数据模型(Data Model)数据字典(DataDictionary)数据仓库(Data Warehouse)数据挖掘(DataMining)数据分析(DataAnalysis)数据可视化(DataVisualization)数据安全(Data Security)网络(Network)计算机网络(Computer Network)网络拓扑(NetworkTopology)网络协议(NetworkProtocol)网络架构(NetworkArchitecture)局域网(Local AreaNetwork)广域网(Wide AreaNetwork)因特网(Internet)互联网(Internet of Things)网络安全(NetworkSecurity)系统(System)计算机系统(Computer System)操作系统(OperationSystem)系统分析(SystemAnalysis)系统设计(SystemDesign)软件(Software)软件工程(SoftwareEngineering)软件生命周期(SoftwareLife Cycle)软件开发方法(SoftwareDevelopment Method)软件质量(SoftwareQuality)硬件(Hardware)计算机硬件(ComputerHardware)输入设备(Input Device)输出设备(Output Device)存储设备(StorageDevice)处理器(Processor)内存(Memory)总线(Bus)接口(Interface)外设(Peripheral)人工智能(Artificial Intelligence)机器学习(MachineLearning)深度学习(DeepLearning)神经网络(Neural Network)自然语言处理(NaturalLanguage Processing)专家系统(Expert System)智能代理(IntelligentAgent)模糊逻辑(Fuzzy Logic)遗传算法(GeneticAlgorithm)人工神经网络(ArtificialNeural Network)电子商务(E-commerce)电子商务模式(E-commerce Model)电子商务平台(E-commerce Platform)电子支付(ElectronicPayment)电子商务安全(E-commerce Security)电子政务(E-government)电子政务模式(E-government Model)电子政务平台(E-government Platform)电子政务服务(E-government Service)电子政务安全(E-government Security)知识管理(Knowledge Management)知识(Knowledge)知识类型(KnowledgeType)知识获取(KnowledgeAcquisition)知识表示(KnowledgeRepresentation)知识组织(Knowledge Organization)知识共享(KnowledgeSharing)知识创新(KnowledgeInnovation)知识库(Knowledge Base)知识系统(KnowledgeSystem)六、统计学术语术语术语术语术语统计学(Statistics)统计方法(StatisticalMethod)统计推断(StatisticalInference)统计分析(StatisticalAnalysis)统计软件(StatisticalSoftware)数据(Data)数据类型(Data Type)数据来源(Data Source)数据收集(DataCollection)数据清洗(Data Cleaning)数据描述(Data Description)数据展示(DataPresentation)数据摘要(DataSummary)数据分布(DataDistribution)数据变换(DataTransformation)变量(Variable)变量类型(Variable Type)自变量(IndependentVariable)因变量(DependentVariable)控制变量(Control Variable)单变量分析(UnivariateAnalysis)双变量分析(BivariateAnalysis)多变量分析(MultivariateAnalysis)相关分析(CorrelationAnalysis)回归分析(RegressionAnalysis)随机变量(RandomVariable)概率(Probability)概率分布(ProbabilityDistribution)期望值(ExpectedValue)方差(Variance)标准差(StandardDeviation)均值(Mean)中位数(Median)众数(Mode)四分位数(Quartile)极差(Range)变异系数(Coefficient ofVariation)偏度(Skewness)峰度(Kurtosis)正态分布(NormalDistribution)抽样(Sampling)抽样方法(SamplingMethod)抽样误差(SamplingError)抽样分布(SamplingDistribution)中心极限定理(Central LimitTheorem)点估计(Point Estimation)区间估计(IntervalEstimation)置信区间(ConfidenceInterval)置信水平(ConfidenceLevel)标准误差(Standard Error)假设检验(HypothesisTesting)原假设(Null Hypothesis)备择假设(AlternativeHypothesis)显著性水平(Significance Level)拒绝域(Rejection Region)检验统计量(Test Statistic)P值(P-value)类型一错误(Type IError)类型二错误(Type IIError)功效(Power)参数检验(ParametricTest)非参数检验(Nonparametric Test)单样本检验(One-sample Test)双样本检验(Two-sample Test)配对样本检验(Paired-sample Test)Z检验(Z-test)T检验(T-test)F检验(F-test)卡方检验(Chi-squareTest)方差分析(Analysis ofVariance)七、会计学术语术语术语术语术语会计学(Accounting)会计对象(AccountingObject)会计要素(AccountingElement)会计科目(Accounting Subject)会计方程(AccountingEquation)会计核算(Accounting Calculation)会计原则(AccountingPrinciple)会计假设(AccountingAssumption)会计政策(Accounting Policy)会计准则(AccountingStandard)会计期间(AccountingPeriod)会计年度(AccountingYear)会计报告期(AccountingReporting Period)会计循环(Accounting Cycle)会计业务(AccountingBusiness)记账(Bookkeeping)记账方法(BookkeepingMethod)记账凭证(BookkeepingVoucher)记账账簿(Bookkeeping Book)记账账户(BookkeepingAccount)记账分录(Bookkeeping Entry)借贷记账法(Double-entryBookkeeping Method)借方(Debit Side)贷方(Credit Side)借贷平衡(Balance of Debitand Credit)会计报表(Accounting Statement)资产负债表(BalanceSheet)利润表(IncomeStatement)现金流量表(CashFlow Statement)所有者权益变动表(Statementof Changes in Owner'sEquity)会计科学(AccountingScience)会计理论(AccountingTheory)会计方法(AccountingMethod)会计技术(AccountingTechnique)会计创新(AccountingInnovation)财务会计(Financial Accounting)管理会计(ManagementAccounting)成本会计(CostAccounting)审计会计(AuditingAccounting)税务会计(Tax Accounting)资产(Asset)负债(Liability)所有者权益(Owner'sEquity)收入(Income)费用(Expense)收益(Revenue)损失(Loss)利润(Profit)毛利(Gross Profit)净利(Net Profit)存货(Inventory)应收账款(AccountsReceivable)预付账款(PrepaidExpenses)固定资产(FixedAssets)无形资产(Intangible Assets)应付账款(AccountsPayable)预收账款(UnearnedRevenue)长期负债(Long-termLiabilities)资本(Capital)留存收益(Retained Earnings)折旧(Depreciation)摊销(Amortization)减值(Impairment)计提(Accrual)结转(Carryover)对冲(Hedging)杠杆(Leverage)财务比率(FinancialRatio)资本结构(CapitalStructure)资本预算(Capital Budgeting)八、中级会计实务术语术语术语术语术语会计 (Accounting)资产 (Asset)负债 (Liability)所有者权益 (Owner'sEquity)收入 (Revenue)费用 (Expense)损益 (Profit or Loss)现金流量 (Cash Flow)资产负债表 (BalanceSheet)利润表 (IncomeStatement)现金流量表 (Cash FlowStatement)所有者权益变动表(Statement of Changesin Owner's Equity)附注 (Notes)记账凭证 (Voucher)记账方法 (AccountingMethod)原始凭证 (Original Document)记账分录 (Journal Entry)总分类账 (GeneralLedger)明细分类账 (SubsidiaryLedger)总账科目 (GeneralAccount)明细科目 (SubsidiaryAccount)借方 (Debit)贷方 (Credit)借贷平衡原则 (Double-entry Principle)记账方向 (AccountingDirection)试算平衡表 (Trial Balance)调整分录 (AdjustingEntry)调整后试算平衡表(Adjusted TrialBalance)结转分录 (ClosingEntry)结转后试算平衡表(Post-closing TrialBalance)存货制度 (InventorySystem)存货核算方法 (InventoryAccounting Method)先进先出法 (FIFOMethod)后进先出法 (LIFOMethod)加权平均法 (WeightedAverage Method)科学成本法（Specific Identification Method）存货跌价准备（Allowance forInventory Decline）存货盘点（InventoryCounting）存货盈亏（InventoryProfit or Loss）固定资产（FixedAsset）折旧（Depreciation）折旧方法（DepreciationMethod）直线法（Straight-lineMethod）双倍余额递减法（Double-decliningBalance Method）年数总和法（Sum-of-the-years'-digitsMethod）残值（Residual Value）折旧年限（Useful Life）净残值率（SalvageRate）固定资产清理（Disposal of FixedAsset）无形资产（IntangibleAsset）商誉（Goodwill）知识产权（IntellectualProperty）专利权（Patent）商标权（Trademark）著作权（Copyright）长期股权投资（Long-term Equity Investment）成本法（Cost Method）权益法（EquityMethod）投资收益（InvestmentIncome）投资性房地产（InvestmentProperty）资产减值（Asset Impairment）减值损失（ImpairmentLoss）可回收金额（RecoverableAmount）可变现净值（NetRealizable Value）使用价值（Value inUse）金融资产（FinancialAsset）金融负债（FinancialLiability）公允价值（FairValue）利息收入（InterestIncome）利息支出（InterestExpense）汇兑收益（ExchangeGain）汇兑损失（ExchangeLoss）应收账款（AccountsReceivable）坏账损失（Bad DebtLoss）坏账准备（Allowancefor Bad Debt）应付账款（Accounts Payable）预收账款（UnearnedRevenue）预付账款（PrepaidExpense）应计收入（AccruedRevenue）应计费用（AccruedExpense）职工薪酬（Employee Compensation）工资与奖金（Wages andBonuses）社会保险费用（SocialInsurance Expense）住房公积金费用（Housing ProvidentFund Expense）职工福利费用（Employee WelfareExpense）借款费用 (BorrowingCost)资本化 (Capitalization)资本化利率(Capitalization Rate)资本化期间(Capitalization Period)资本化暂停(CapitalizationSuspension)现金等价物 (Cash Equivalent)现金流量表附表(Supplemental Scheduleof Cash Flow Statement)经营活动现金流量(Cash Flow fromOperating Activities)投资活动现金流量(Cash Flow fromInvesting Activities)筹资活动现金流量(Cash Flow fromFinancing Activities)直接法 (Direct Method)间接法 (Indirect Method)现金流量净额 (NetCash Flow)现金流量增减表(Statement of Changesin Cash Flow)现金流量比率 (CashFlow Ratio)利润表 (Income Statement)收入确认原则 (RevenueRecognition Principle)营业收入 (OperatingRevenue)营业成本 (OperatingCost)营业税金及附加(Business Tax andSurcharges)销售费用 (Selling Expense)管理费用 (AdministrativeExpense)财务费用 (FinancialExpense)营业利润 (OperatingProfit)营业外收入 (Non-operating Income)营业外支出 (Non-operating Expense)利润总额 (Total Profit)所得税费用 (IncomeTax Expense)净利润 (Net Profit)每股收益 (EarningsPer Share)所有者权益变动表(Statement of Changes in Owner's Equity)股本 (Capital Stock)资本公积 (CapitalReserve)盈余公积 (SurplusReserve)未分配利润 (RetainedEarnings)九、财务管理术语术语术语术语术语财务管理 (Financial Management)财务目标 (FinancialObjective)财务决策 (FinancialDecision)财务计划 (FinancialPlan)财务控制 (FinancialControl)资金 (Fund)资金需求 (FundDemand)资金供给 (FundSupply)资金流动 (Fund Flow)资金结构 (FundStructure)资本 (Capital)资本成本 (CapitalCost)资本结构 (CapitalStructure)资本预算 (CapitalBudget)资本收益率 (CapitalReturn Rate)投资 (Investment)投资项目 (InvestmentProject)投资评价 (InvestmentEvaluation)投资回收期 (PaybackPeriod)净现值 (Net PresentValue)内部收益率 (Internal Rate of Return)敏感性分析 (SensitivityAnalysis)风险分析 (RiskAnalysis)投资组合理论 (PortfolioTheory)资本资产定价模型(Capital Asset PricingModel)现金管理 (Cash Management)现金预测 (CashForecasting)现金流量预算表 (CashBudget)现金流量周期 (CashCycle)现金余额 (Cash Balance)应收账款管理 (AccountsReceivableManagement)应收账款周转率(Accounts ReceivableTurnover Ratio)坏账率 (Bad DebtRatio)应收账款账龄分析法(Aging Method ofAccounts Receivable)应收账款折现法（Discount Method ofAccounts Receivable）存货管理（Inventory Management）存货周转率（InventoryTurnover Ratio）经济订货量（Economic OrderQuantity）安全存量（SafetyStock）订货点（Reorder Point）短期融资（Short-term Financing）银行贷款（BankLoan）商业票据（CommercialPaper）应付账款融资（Accounts PayableFinancing）保兑仓融资（WarehouseReceipt Financing）长期融资（Long-term Financing）债券（Bond）债券价格（BondPrice）债券收益率（BondYield）债券评级（BondRating）股票（Stock）股票价格（StockPrice）股票收益率（StockReturn Rate）股息政策（DividendPolicy）股权融资（EquityFinancing）杠杆效应（LeverageEffect）操作杠杆系数（Operating LeverageCoefficient）财务杠杆系数（Financial LeverageCoefficient）综合杠杆系数（Combined LeverageCoefficient）杠杆调整原则（LeverageAdjustment Principle）十、运筹学术语术语术语术语术语运筹学 (Operations Research)决策 (Decision)决策变量 (DecisionVariable)目标函数 (ObjectiveFunction)约束条件 (Constraint)线性规划 (Linear Programming)图形法 (GraphicalMethod)单纯形法 (SimplexMethod)对偶理论 (DualityTheory)敏感性分析 (SensitivityAnalysis)整数规划 (Integer Programming)分支定界法 (Branch andBound Method)割平面法 (CuttingPlane Method)隐枚举法 (ImplicitEnumeration Method)0-1规划 (0-1Programming)非线性规划 (Nonlinear Programming)拉格朗日乘子法(Lagrange MultiplierMethod)KKT条件 (KKTCondition)梯度法 (GradientMethod)牛顿法 (Newton Method)动态规划 (Dynamic Programming)阶段 (Stage)状态 (State)决策 (Decision)最优值函数 (OptimalValue Function)贝尔曼方程 (BellmanEquation)网络优化 (NetworkOptimization)关键路径法 (CriticalPath Method)最短路问题 (ShortestPath Problem)最小生成树问题(Minimum Spanning TreeProblem)最大流问题 (Maximum Flow Problem)最小费用流问题(Minimum Cost FlowProblem)匹配问题 (MatchingProblem)背包问题 (KnapsackProblem)指派问题 (AssignmentProblem)非线性整数规划（Nonlinear Integer Programming）分数规划（FractionalProgramming）凸规划（ConvexProgramming）目标规划（GoalProgramming）多目标规划（Multi-objective Programming）随机规划（Stochastic Programming）鲁棒优化（RobustOptimization）参数规划（ParametricProgramming）可行方向法（FeasibleDirection Method）序列二次规划（Sequential QuadraticProgramming）队列论（QueueingTheory）到达过程（ArrivalProcess）服务过程（ServiceProcess）排队系统（QueueingSystem）排队模型（QueueingModel）M/M/1模型（M/M/1Model）M/M/c模型（M/M/cModel）M/G/1模型（M/G/1Model）G/M/1模型（G/M/1Model）排队长度（QueueLength）平均排队时间（Average Queueing Time）平均服务时间（AverageService Time）到达率（ArrivalRate）服务率（ServiceRate）利用率（UtilizationRate）十一、市场营销术语术语术语术语术语市场营销 (Marketing)市场营销管理(MarketingManagement)市场营销环境(MarketingEnvironment)市场营销计划(Marketing Plan)市场营销组合 (MarketingMix)市场 (Market)市场需求 (MarketDemand)市场细分 (MarketSegmentation)市场定位 (MarketPositioning)市场目标 (MarketTargeting)消费者行为 (ConsumerBehavior)消费者需求 (ConsumerNeed)消费者动机 (ConsumerMotivation)消费者态度(Consumer Attitude)消费者满意度 (ConsumerSatisfaction)产品 (Product)产品生命周期 (ProductLife Cycle)产品创新 (ProductInnovation)产品差异化 (ProductDifferentiation)产品定价 (Product Pricing)价格 (Price)价格策略 (PricingStrategy)价格弹性 (PriceElasticity)价格歧视 (PriceDiscrimination)价格竞争 (PriceCompetition)促销 (Promotion)促销策略 (PromotionStrategy)促销组合 (PromotionMix)广告 (Advertising)公关 (Public Relations)销售促进（Sales Promotion）个人销售（PersonalSelling）直接营销（DirectMarketing）网络营销（InternetMarketing）社会媒体营销（SocialMedia Marketing）分销（Distribution）分销渠道（DistributionChannel）分销策略（DistributionStrategy）物流（Logistics）运输（Transportation）库存管理（Inventory Management）订货量（OrderQuantity）经济批量（EconomicBatch Quantity）订货点（ReorderPoint）安全库存（Safety Stock）市场调研（Market Research）调研目的（ResearchObjective）调研方法（ResearchMethod）调研设计（ResearchDesign）调研样本（ResearchSample）数据收集（Data Collection）数据分析（DataAnalysis）数据呈现（DataPresentation）调研报告（ResearchReport）调研误差（ResearchError）十二、经济法术语术语术语术语术语经济法 (Economic Law)经济活动 (EconomicActivity)经济主体 (EconomicSubject)经济权利 (EconomicRight)经济责任 (EconomicResponsibility)经济法律关系 (Economic Legal Relationship)经济合同 (EconomicContract)经济纠纷 (EconomicDispute)经济诉讼 (EconomicLitigation)经济仲裁 (EconomicArbitration)民商事法律体系 (Civiland Commercial LegalSystem)民法典 (Civil Code)商法典 (CommercialCode)合同法 (Contract Law)物权法 (Property Law)侵权责任法 (Tort LiabilityLaw)民事诉讼法 (CivilProcedure Law)商事诉讼法(CommercialProcedure Law)仲裁法 (Arbitration Law)消费者权益保护法（Consumer Rights andInterests Protection Law）公司法（CompanyLaw）合伙企业法（PartnershipEnterprise Law）独资企业法（SoleProprietorshipEnterprise Law）外商投资企业法（Foreign InvestmentEnterprise Law）公司治理（CorporateGovernance）股东（Shareholder）董事会（Board ofDirectors）监事会（Board ofSupervisors）高级管理人员（SeniorManagement）股东大会（Shareholders'Meeting）股份（Share）股权（StockRight）股票（Stock）股本（Capital Stock）股利（Dividend）债券（Bond）债权（Debt Right）债务（Debt）债务人（Debtor）债权人（Creditor）破产（Bankruptcy）破产程序（BankruptcyProcedure）破产申请（BankruptcyApplication）破产管理人（BankruptcyAdministrator）破产债权人会议（Bankruptcy Creditors'Meeting）十三、现代公司制概论术语术语术语术语术语现代公司制 (Modern Corporation System)公司 (Company)公司法人 (CorporateLegal Person)公司治理 (CorporateGovernance)公司社会责任 (CorporateSocial Responsibility)股份有限公司 (Joint-stock Company)有限责任公司 (LimitedLiability Company)股东 (Shareholder)股份 (Share)股权 (Stock Right)董事会 (Board of Directors)监事会 (Board ofSupervisors)高级管理人员 (SeniorManagement)股东大会(Shareholders'Meeting)公司章程 (Articles ofAssociation)注册资本 (RegisteredCapital)实收资本 (Paid-inCapital)资本公积 (CapitalReserve)盈余公积 (SurplusReserve)未分配利润 (RetainedEarnings)股利 (Dividend)股息率 (DividendRate)现金分红 (CashDividend)股票分红 (StockDividend)分红政策 (Dividend Policy)上市公司（Listed Company）发行股票（IssueStock）募集资金（RaiseFunds）首次公开募股（InitialPublic Offering）再融资（Refinancing）股票市场（Stock Market）证券交易所（StockExchange）证券监管机构（SecuritiesRegulatory Authority）证券法（SecuritiesLaw）证券合同（SecuritiesContract）股票价格（StockPrice）股票指数（StockIndex）市盈率（Price-earningsRatio）市净率（Price-bookRatio）市场效率（MarketEfficiency）投资者保护（Investor Protection）信息披露（InformationDisclosure）内幕交易（InsiderTrading）操纵市场（MarketManipulation）证券欺诈（SecuritiesFraud）十四、经营管理术语术语术语术语术语经营管理 (Business Management)经营目标 (BusinessObjective)经营策略 (BusinessStrategy)经营模式 (BusinessModel)经营效率 (BusinessEfficiency)经营效果 (Business Effectiveness)经营创新 (BusinessInnovation)经营风险 (BusinessRisk)经营伦理 (BusinessEthics)经营文化 (BusinessCulture)组织 (Organization)组织结构(OrganizationalStructure)组织设计(OrganizationalDesign)组织变革 (OrganizationalChange)组织发展 (OrganizationalDevelopment)协调 (Coordination)协调机制 (CoordinationMechanism)协调原则(Coordination协调方法 (CoordinationMethod)协调技巧 (CoordinationSkill)Principle)控制 (Control)控制系统 (ControlSystem)控制过程 (ControlProcess)控制标准 (ControlStandard)控制反馈 (ControlFeedback)激励（Motivation）激励理论（MotivationTheory）激励因素（MotivationFactor）激励方法（MotivationMethod）激励机制（MotivationMechanism）资源（Resource）物质资源（MaterialResource）人力资源（HumanResource）财务资源（FinancialResource）信息资源（InformationResource）活动（Activity）生产活动（ProductionActivity）销售活动（SalesActivity）采购活动（PurchasingActivity）研发活动（Research andDevelopment Activity）目标（Objective）目标管理（ObjectiveManagement）目标设定（ObjectiveSetting）目标分解（ObjectiveDecomposition）目标评价（ObjectiveEvaluation）十五、公司金融术语术语术语术语术语公司金融 (CorporateFinance)投资决策 (InvestmentDecision)融资决策 (FinancingDecision)分红决策 (DividendDecision)资本结构 (CapitalStructure)资本成本 (CapitalCost)资本预算 (Capital Budget)现金流量 (Cash Flow)净现值 (Net PresentValue)内部收益率 (InternalRate of Return)敏感性分析(Sensitivity Analysis)风险分析 (Risk Analysis)投资组合理论 (PortfolioTheory)资本资产定价模型(Capital Asset PricingModel)证券市场线 (SecurityMarket Line)贝塔系数（Beta Coefficient）无风险利率（Risk-freeRate）市场风险溢价（MarketRisk Premium）资本市场线（CapitalMarket Line）有效边界（EfficientFrontier）杠杆效应（LeverageEffect）操作杠杆系数（OperatingLeverage Coefficient）财务杠杆系数（Financial LeverageCoefficient）综合杠杆系数（Combined LeverageCoefficient）杠杆调整原则（Leverage AdjustmentPrinciple）股权融资（Equity Financing）债务融资（DebtFinancing）权益融资（Quasi-equity Financing）混合融资（HybridFinancing）转换债券（ConvertibleBond）可赎回债券（Redeemable Bond）可交换债券（Exchangeable Bond）优先股（PreferredStock）可转换优先股（Convertible PreferredStock）权证（Warrant）十六、人力资源管理术语术语术语术语术语人力资源管理 (Human Resource Management)人力资源规划 (HumanResource Planning)人力资源分析 (HumanResource Analysis)人力资源需求 (HumanResource Demand)人力资源供给 (HumanResource Supply)招聘 (Recruitment)招聘渠道 (RecruitmentChannel)招聘广告 (RecruitmentAdvertisement)招聘成本 (RecruitmentCost)招聘效果 (RecruitmentEffectiveness)选拔 (Selection)选拔方法 (SelectionMethod)选拔标准 (SelectionCriterion)选拔工具 (SelectionTool)选拔过程 (SelectionProcess)培训 (Training)培训需求分析 (TrainingNeeds Analysis)培训目标 (TrainingObjective)培训内容 (TrainingContent)培训方法 (TrainingMethod)培训评估（Training Evaluation）培训效果（TrainingEffectiveness）培训反馈（TrainingFeedback）培训转移（TrainingTransfer）培训成本（TrainingCost）术语术语术语术语术语评估（Performance Appraisal）评估目的（PerformanceAppraisal Purpose）评估标准（PerformanceAppraisal Criterion）评估方法（PerformanceAppraisal Method）评估结果（PerformanceAppraisal Result）激励（Motivation）激励理论（MotivationTheory）激励因素（MotivationFactor）激励方法（MotivationMethod）激励机制（MotivationMechanism）薪酬（Compensation）薪酬结构（CompensationStructure）薪酬水平（CompensationLevel）薪酬调整（CompensationAdjustment）薪酬管理（CompensationManagement）十七、企业战略管理术语术语术语术语术语企业战略管理(Corporate Strategy Management)战略 (Strategy)战略管理过程(Strategy ManagementProcess)战略分析 (StrategyAnalysis)战略制定 (StrategyFormulation)战略实施 (Strategy Implementation)战略评估 (StrategyEvaluation)战略控制 (StrategyControl)战略调整 (StrategyAdjustment)战略创新 (StrategyInnovation)环境分析(Environmental Analysis)宏观环境分析 (Macro-environmentalAnalysis)行业环境分析 (IndustryEnvironmentalAnalysis)微观环境分析 (Micro-environmental Analysis)PEST分析法（PESTAnalysis Method）波特五力模型（Porter's Five Forces Model）SWOT分析法（SWOT AnalysisMethod）VRIO分析法（VRIOAnalysis Method）价值链分析法（ValueChain Analysis Method）核心竞争力分析法（Core CompetenceAnalysis Method）目标管理（Objective Management）SMART原则（SMART Principle）平衡计分卡（BalancedScorecard）关键绩效指标（KeyPerformance Indicator）目标层次结构（ObjectiveHierarchy）战略选择（StrategyChoice）战略类型（StrategyType）成本领先战略（CostLeadership Strategy）差异化战略（DifferentiationStrategy）聚焦战略（FocusStrategy）集团化战略（Diversification Strategy）垂直一体化战略（Vertical IntegrationStrategy）水平一体化战略（HorizontalIntegration Strategy）国际化战略（InternationalizationStrategy）蓝海战略（Blue OceanStrategy）。

工商管理专业英语

一、英译中1．Vertical integration –垂直统一管理2．Markup –涨价3．Lead time –订货和交货之间的时间4．Status Quo—现状现存情况或事态5．Market positioning–-市场定位6．Market segment—市场细分7．Executive –主管、高级执行人员8．Supervisor –监督9．Elasticity –弹性10．Differentiation –差异化11．Wholesale–批发商12．Retailer –零售商13．Discount –折扣14．Margin –最低利润15．Media advertising –媒体广告16．Point of Purchase Advertising –售卖场所广告17．Sales representative –销售代表18．Compensation –薪酬19．Gross profit –毛利20．Bidder –投标人二、中译英1. 如今的消费者要面对大量的产品、品牌、价格和生产厂商。

Today’s customers face a vast array of product and brand choices, prices, and suppliers.2. 零售商们需要考虑目标市场和产品定位。

Retailer must consider target markets and product positioning.3. 人员招聘是人力资源管理中的一个重要部分。

Recruitment is a significant part of Human Resource Management (HRM).4. 顾客的满意度和产品质量有关。

Customer satisfaction is relative to product’s quality.5. 每个企业都应该找到自身的竞争优势。

工商管理专业英语

1、英汉专业术语互译基层管理者：lower-level management 以战略为向导：strategy oriented 优先股：preferred stock 普通股：common stock产品生命周期：product life cycle 权变的：contingency期货：future 目标：objective成果：outcome 个人：individual集体：group 子目标：subgoal 支行：subbranch分行：branch系统：system下属：subordinate 上级：superior 战略管理：strategy management 贯彻实施：implementation）评估（2个）：evaluation assess动态的：dynamic 开发：exploit 竞争优势：competitive advantage 分析：analyze 内部：internal 外部：external 市场：market 市场细分：market segment 最小化：minimize最大化：maximize 灵活性：flexlbility 稳定性：stability构建：build 评价标准：criteria 权重：weight 理性决策者：rational decision market 偏好顺序：preference ordering 预算：budget 分母（标准）：denominator 浏览：scanning探知：detect新型市场：emerging market 方案：scenario 本金：principal 利息：interest产出：generate 每年：annual 员工：staff 经济复苏：economic boom 信贷危机：credit crisis 同事：colleague 大规模订制：mass customization房地产：real estate 可持续的：sustainable 竞争者：competitor 消费者口味：consumers` taste 堡垒：barrier模仿：imitation 药厂：pharmaceutical创新：innovation规模经济：economies of scale 锁定供应商：lock in supplier 专供合同：exclusive contract游说：lobby 进口关税：import tariff 海关：custom 组织结构：organization structure 框架：framework 复杂性：complexity 劳动分工：division of labor 纵向层级：vertical level 横向层级：horizontal level 层次：hierarchy 协调：coordinate 交易：transaction 规章制度：rule and regulation 消费者行为分析：consumer behavior analysis 正规化：formalization集权：centralization 分权：decentralization 授权：empower 搭配组合：mixed and matched 组织设计：organization design 优先处理：priorities 职权：authority职务：position权力：power 产能：capacity 广义：the large concept裁员：downsizing重组：restructuring 管理跨度：span of control 主管：supervisor 古典学者：classical writer 古典学派：classical school 有机式结构：organic organization 机械式结构：mechanistic organization 总体战略：overall strategy专业化：specialization 纵向分工：vertical differentiation 横向分工：horizontal differentiation 简单化结构：simple structure责任：accountability 低正规化：low formalization 高集权化：high centralization超载：overload 首先发动：initiate 变革：change 信息失真：misinformation 沟通不善：poor communication 消除误会：misunderstanding clarify 计算机化：computerization企业文化：corporate culture根深蒂固：entrenched 创造力：creativity 激发创造力：stimulate creativity 方式：approach 创新型组织：innovative organization 品牌：brand 破产（2个）：bankrupt liquidate服装：apparel 收购：acquired 执行官：executive市场潜力：market potential 盘活：turn around 自制的：autonomous 班组：crew 装：load卸：unload 运输：delivery 产品线：production line监管：supervise 自主权：discretion储：stock position 运：delivery 库存：stock存货：inventory 授权：empowerment 一线员工：frontline employee 脑力：brainpower 无责备文化：no-blame culture 调查：survey 资深的：senior 协会：society 需求层次理论：need theories市场潜力：market potential 创造力：creativity 创新力：innovation 概率：probability 绩效评估：performance evaluation 持续经营：going concern 公平理论：equity theory情境理论：situational theories 权变理论：contingency theories 言语沟通：verbal communication 非言语沟通：nonverbal communication 书面沟通：written communication 口头沟通：oral communication 单向沟通：one-way communication 双向沟通：two-way communication积极倾听：active listening 沟通网络：communication network 垂直沟通：vertical communication 下行沟通：downward communication 上行沟通：upward communication 水平沟通：horizontal communication 正式沟通：formal communication 非正式沟通 informal communication 纠正行为 corrective action 机制：mechanisms 资源resource 来源：source 外包：outsourcing 流动资产：current asset 固定资产：fixed asset 流动负债：current liabilities 长期负债：long-term liabilities 股票：stockholder 利益相关者：stakeholder 利息：interest 利率：interest rate 所得税：income tax 增值税：valueadded tax KA （主要客户）：key account 财务报表：financial statement 资产负债表：balance sheet 预算：budgeting 原材料：raw materials 在制品：work-in-process 成品：finished-goods 半成品：semi-finished goods二、缩写词1、R&D ：Research and Development2、ISO ：International Standardization Organization3、MBO ：Management By Objective4、SWOT ：s trengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.5、TQM ：Total Quality Management6、MIS ：M anagement Information System7、M&A ：Merge And Acquisition 8、SCM ：Supply Chain Management9、CEO ：chief executive officer 10、CFO ：C hief Financial Officer 11、JIT ：just in time12、HRM ：Human Resource Management 13、ERP ：Enterprise Resource Plan14、SWIFT: Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication15、EOQ ：economical ordering quantity 16、ROI ：return on investment三、简答1、SWOT 分析The term SWOT analysis refers to analyzing the organization`s internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats in order to identify a niche that the organization can exploit2、BCG 矩阵The BCG matrix identifies four business group ：stars cash cows question marks and dogs3、五力分析模型4、公司的竞争战略1）公司层战略 corporate-levelstrategy （1）stability strategy （2）growth strategy （3）retrenchment strategy （4）combination strategy2）事业层战略 business-level strategy（1）adaptive strategy （2）competitive strategyCompetitive strategy 竞争性战略：1）over-all cost strategy 2）differentiation strategy3）focus strategy3）职能层战略 functional-level strategy5、职权的结构Authority structure1）coercive power 2）reward power6、部门化的方式departmentalization1) Customer departmentalization 2) Functional departmentalization 3) Geographic departmentalization 4) Process departmentalization 5) Product departmentalization7、组织结构类型Organization structure1) Mechanistic organization (1) Linear structure (2) Functional structure (3) Matrix structure (4) Network structure (5) Simple structure2) Organic structure8、马斯洛需求层次理论Hierarchy of needs theory1)Physiological needs 2）Safety needs 3）Belongingness needs 4）Esteem needs5）Self-actualization needs9、双因素理论two-factor theory 1) motivator 2）hygiene factor激励因素：1）process theories 2）content theories10、强化理论reinforcement theory 1）positive reinforcement 2)negative reinforcement11、期望理论的内容Expectancy theory1）effort-performance expectancy 2) performance-outcome expectancy12、管理的三种方式1）autocratic 2）democratic 3）lasissez-faire13、管理方格图the management grid1) employee-centered 2）job-centered 3）production-centered14、五种常见沟通网络five kind of communication network1）wheel network 2）chain network 3）Y network 4）circle network 5）star network15、沟通网络图1）sender 2）encoding process 3）medium 4）decoding 5)noise 6)feedback16、责任中心的五种类型：five type of responsibility center1）standard cost center 2）revenue center 3）profit center 4）investment center17、管理者的权力结构18、控制control 1）feedforward control 2)concurrent control 3)feedback control19市场控制market control 1）overcontrol 2）undercontrol20、会计的六要素：six accounting elementsassets liabilities woners` equity revenues expenses profits21、管理者的权利结构manager`s power structure1）referent power 2）expert power 3）authority四、论述What Managers DoThe successful manager capably performs four basic managerial funcations :planning，organizing，leading，and controlling. However as you will see，the amount of time a manager spends on each function depends on the level of the particular job.Planning. In general ,planning involves defining organizational goals and proposing ways to reach them. Managers plan for three reason to establish an overall direction for the organization`s future , to identify and commit the organization`s resources to achieving its goals and to decide which tasks must be done to each those goalsOrganizing. Organizing is the process of creating a structure of relationships that will enable employees to carry out management`s plans and meet organizational goalsLeading. Leading involves communicating with and motivating others to perform the tasks necessary to achieve the organization`s goalsControlling. The process by which a person ,group ,or organization consciously monitors performance and takes corrective action is controllingWe use these function to help explain exactly how managers do their jobs。

工商管理英文单词

工商管理英文单词Business administration is a broad field that encompasses various aspects of managing a business.It involves activities like planning. Planning in business administration means setting goals and strategies for the company. For example, a business might plan to expand its market share in a particular region within a certain time frame.Another important part is organizing. This includes structuring the company's resources, such as human resources and physical assets. A well - organized business can make better use of its employees' skills and its equipment.Marketing is also a crucial element. Business administrators need to understand how to promote their products or services. They might use different marketing channels like social media, advertising, or public relations to reach their target customers.Finance is an area that cannot be ignored. Business administrators have to manage the company's finances. This involves budgeting, accounting, and making decisions about investments and financial risks.Human resource management is essential too. It deals with recruiting, training, and retaining employees. A good business administrator knows how to create a positive work environment to motivate the workforce.In business administration, decision - making skills are highly valued. Administrators often have to make quick and informed decisions in different situations, whether it's about launching a new product or dealing with a crisis.Operations management focuses on the day - to - day running of the business. This includes ensuring smooth production processes, managing inventory, and delivering quality products or services on time.Business administration also involves understanding the legal and regulatory environment. Companies need to comply with various laws and regulations to avoid legal problems.Finally, communication skills play a significant role. Business administrators need to communicate effectively with different stakeholders, including employees, customers, suppliers, and investors.。

工商管理专业英语

工商管理专业英语As one of the most popular majors in universities, Business Administration majors are favored by many students who are interested in business management. Here, we will discuss the importance of English in the Business Administration major.1. Internationalization of businessIn today’s era of globalization, international trade has become one of the most important parts of the economy. For Business Administration majors, understanding theinternational business environment and being able to communicate effectively with people from different culturesis essential. English, as the universal language, is the main language used in international communication. Therefore, a good command of English is vital for students majoring in Business Administration.2. Accessing global business resourcesThe Business Administration major is a practical and interdisciplinary program that focuses on management and administration skills. Accessing global business resources is necessary to enhance the learning experience for students. English language proficiency can help students to gather information from various sources like reports, research, and publications. English is the main medium used to share knowledge among international business communities. Therefore, good English proficiency provides students of the BusinessAdministration major a significant advantage over others.3. Opportunities for international internshipsFor some Business Administration majors, international internships are an essential part of their education curriculum. Most international companies require their employees to possess strong English capabilities. As a result, English proficiency provides an excellent opportunity for students majoring in Business Administration to choose internships overseas, create new professional relationships, and broaden their horizons. It also helps students to understand the cultures and business practices of different countries, which ultimately leads to personal andprofessional growth.4. Communication skillsBusiness Administration majors require strong communication skills, and English is the language that allows students to communicate effectively with clients, colleagues, andbusiness partners. Good English proficiency allows studentsto convey their ideas efficiently, negotiate contracts, and communicate with various stakeholders. In essence, good communication skills are vital for students majoring in Business Administration, and English provides them the toolto build an effective communication system.In conclusion, English is a vital component of the Business Administration major. A good command of the English language can help Business Administration students to navigate theglobal business environment, access international resources effectively, excel in international internships, and enhance communication skills. Therefore, Business Administration majors should strive to improve their English language proficiency throughout their educational journey.。

工商管理专业英语词汇记忆

工商管理专业英语词汇记忆definite a.1.明确的，确切的 2.一定的，肯定的单词记忆：de表示强调+fin限制+ite形容词后缀→限制一个范围→明确的，确切的mission n. 使命，任务;代表团;布道; vt. 派遣;向……传教单词记忆：missto send 派遣 +ion名词后缀→被派遣出去完成任务→使命，任务;代表团subtle adj. 微妙的;精细的;敏感的;狡猾的;稀薄的unquestionable adj. 毫无疑问的;确实的;无可挑剔的单词记忆：un否定 +question问题+able形容词后缀→没有问题的→毫无疑问的;确实的;无可挑剔的sound vt. 听诊;测量，测…深;使发声;试探;宣告n. 声音，语音;噪音;海峡;吵闹;听力范围;[医] 探条adj. 健全的，健康的;合理的;可靠的;有效彻底的attendance n. 出席;到场;出席人数单词记忆：attend出席 +ance名词后缀→出席;到场;出席人数quarrel vi. 吵架;争论;挑剔;n. 吵架;怨言;争吵的原因;方头凿vacant adj. 空虚的;空的;空缺的;空闲的;茫然的单词记忆：vac空的 +ant形容词后缀→空虚的;空的distinguished adj. 著名的;卓著的;高贵的单词记忆：distinguish区别 +ed形容词后缀→区别对待的→著名的;卓著的;高贵的communication n. 通讯，[通信] 通信;交流单词记忆：com一起 +muni服务，运动+cation 复合名词后缀→一起互动，交流→通讯，[通信] 通信;交流deliver vt. 交付;发表;递送;释放;给予打击;给…接生;vi. 实现;传送;履行;投递单词记忆：dedown +liverlive生命→使新生命诞生下来→给…接生accident n.1.意外遭遇，事故 2.意外，意外因素单词记忆： ac 前缀，加强语气+cid 发生+ent 名词后缀→偶然发生的→意外，事故discharge vi. 获准离开, 释放n. 1.释放,解雇 2. 排出,发射 3. 卸货,下客 4. 执行; 履行 n.排出，放出，放电单词记忆： disapart离开+ char car车，搬运 + ge age名词或者动词后缀→准许离开beneath prep. 在…之下adv. 在下方单词记忆： be 加强+ neath under→在…之下adv. 在下方friendship n. 友谊;友爱;友善单词记忆：friend 朋友+ ship 抽象状态名词后缀→友谊;友爱;友善connection n. 连接;关系;连接件单词记忆：con 一起+ nectnext邻近，连接+ion 名词后缀→连接;关系cheerful adj. 快乐的;愉快的;高兴的单词记忆： cheer 愉快+ ful形容词后缀→快乐的;愉快的;高兴的miserable adj. 悲惨的;痛苦的;卑鄙的单词记忆： miser 痛苦+ able形容词后缀→悲惨的;痛苦的unfortunate adj. 不幸的;令人遗憾的;不成功的单词记忆：un 否定+ fortunate幸运地→不幸的;令人遗憾的nourishing adj. 有营养的;滋养多的v. 滋养;养育单词记忆：nourish 滋养+ ing形容词缀→滋养多的content vt. 使满足n. 内容，目录;满足;容量adj. 满意的单词记忆：con together+ tenttain包含→包含了全书概括的部分→内容，目录debate vt. 辩论，争论，讨论vi. 辩论，争论，讨论n. 辩论;辩论会单词记忆：de down+ bate打→企图在语言上把别人打倒→辩论，争论inconvenience n. 不便;麻烦vt. 麻烦;打扰单词记忆：in 否定+ convenience方便→不便accommodate vt. 容纳;使适应;供应;调解vi. 适应;调解感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。

工商管理英语术语4页word文档

一、术语解释1、Budget deficit:The fiscal policy set by the government dictates the amount of tax revenue generated by the government andthe amount of governmental spending.If gvermment spending exceeds the amount of taxes,a budget deficit appears.2、Direct foreign investment(DFI):which is a means of acquiring or building subsidiaries in one or more foreign countries.3、Management ：Management refers to the process of coordinating work activities so that the are completed efficiently and effectively with and through other people.4、Organizations ：Organizations are groups of individuals who work together to achieve the goals or objectives that are important to these individuals.5、Strategy：A strategy is a course of action an organization plans to take or is taking to achieve its organizational goals with regards to the business environment. It involves taking a consistent approach over a pre-determined time.6、Vision：A company’s vision is its management's view and conclusions about the organization's long-term direction，business focus and future business scope.7、Competiive advantage:Competitive advantage refers to what sets an organization apart,i.e., what gives it its distinct edge.8、Franching:A franchise is an arrangement whereby a business owner ( called a franchiser )allows another ( the franchisee ) to use its trademark, trade name, or copyright, under specified conditions.二、词组翻译三、解释描述四、翻译五、希望以上资料对你有所帮助，附励志名言3条：六、1、生气，就是拿别人的过错来惩罚自己。

最新自考工商管理词汇表(整理版)

2021自考工商管理a great many 很多abolish vt.废除(法律，习惯等)；取消above all 首先，首要abroad ad.到国外；在国外abuse vt./n.滥用，妄用；虐待，凌辱academic a.学院的，学会的；学术的accessible a.易接近的；易受影响的(to)；可理解的accompany vt.伴随，陪同；为…伴奏accomplish vt.完成(任务等) accountability n.有解释义务；负有责任achievement n.完成，达到；成就，成绩acknowledge vt.承认；表示感谢acquire vt.获得，得到acronym n.首字母缩略词activate vt.使活动，使起作用actor n.男演员additional a.附加的，追加的；另外的adjust vt.调整，调节；校准adjustment n.调整administration n.管理，经营；行政，行政机关advantageous a.有利的，有助的adversely ad.相反地；不利地，有害地afflict vt.使苦恼，折磨aged a.年老的，老的Alabama 阿拉巴马(美国州名)alarm n.警报；惊恐vt.向…报警；打扰Albert Einstein 爱因斯坦(美籍德国理论物理学家)Alex la Guma 亚力克斯•拉顾玛(南非作家)Alfrde Hutchinson 阿尔弗雷德•哈奇逊(南非作家)Alfred Whitehead 阿尔福雷德•怀特里德allege vt.断言，宣称alter vt./vi.改变，改动Alvin Bronstein 阿尔文•布朗斯坦(人名)amplifier n.放大器amusement n.娱乐，消遣anaesthetics n.麻醉学analyze vt.分析and the like 等等，诸如此类Andre Brink 安德烈•布林克(南非作家)Andrew Ferguson 安德鲁•福格森(人名)antithesis n.对偶，(修辞学)对句；对立，对立面apartheid n.种族隔离，种族隔离法appliance n.应用，适用；用具，器械applicant n.申请人，请求者appoint vt.任命，委任(as)；约定，指定2021自考工商管理appointment n.任命；约会appreciate vt.欣赏，鉴赏；正确评价，鉴别；感激appreciation n.欣赏，鉴赏；正确评价；感激，感谢appropriate a.适合的，恰当的，相宜的approximate a.近似的，大约的v.近似，接近；使接近aptly ad.恰当地，贴切地；灵巧地argue vt./vi.争辨，争论，辩论；说服argument n.争论，辩论；论据，理由aristocracy n.贵族统治；贵族aristocratic a.贵族的；贵族式的Aristotle 亚里士多德Arkansas 阿肯色(美国州名) arthquake n.地震as a rule 通常；一般说来as for 对于，至于as fresh as paint 精神饱满assault n.攻击，袭击；(军)冲击，突击，强击assemble vt.集合；装配vi.集合assembly n.集合；集会，与会者；装配，组装assignment n.分配，委派；任务，(课外)作业assumption n.假定，设想；承担，采取astronaut n.宇航员astronomer n.天文学家Aswan Dam 阿斯旺水坝at a disadvantage 处于不利地位at a guess 凭猜测at a stretch 连续不断地at ease 自在的，舒适的at present 现在；目前at sea 在海上，在航海中；迷惑，茫然attach vt.固定住，系；附加，隶属；使喜爱attacker n.攻击者attain vt.达到；完成attainment n.达到，到达；［常pl.］成就，造诣attendant n.侍者，服务员；出席者attitude toward(s) 对…的态度；意见attribute n.属性，特征；vt.把…归因与(to)Austria 奥地利automatic a.自动的；无意识的，机械的automatically ad.自动地；习惯性地automotive a.自动的，机动的；汽车的avail vt./vi.有利，有助n.好处，用处award vt.授予，判给n.判定；奖，奖品Bach 巴赫(德国作曲家)ballroom n.舞厅ban vt.禁止，取缔n.禁止；禁2021自考工商管理令barrier n.障碍；障碍物Basil D'Oliviera 贝兹尔•戴里维尔拉(南非板球运动员)basis n.基础，根据；主要成份；军事基地BBC 英国广播公司be beneficial to 对…有益be central to 对…极为重要的be concerned with 关于，涉及；忙于…；关心，关切be confronted with 面临，面对be contrary to 与…相反be deserving of 值得；应得be free from 没有…的；不受…的be incapable of 不会…，不能…be irrelevant to 与…不相干；不切题be opposed to 反对be relevant to 与…有关be subversive of 破坏…的be supposed to 应该be true of 符合于…，对…适用be unaware of 不知道…，没觉察到…be worth doing 值得做…Beatle ［the Beatles］披头士摇滚乐队Beethoven 贝多芬(德国作曲家)belonging n.［常pl.］所有物；行李beloved a.为…所爱的；亲爱的n.心爱的人，爱人Berkeley 伯克利；加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校Berlioz 柏辽兹(法国作曲家，指挥家及音乐评论家)bias n.偏见v.［常用被动语态］有偏见binary a.二，双；二进制的n.双(体)；联星biomedical a.生物医学的Birmingham 伯明翰(英格兰中部城市)birthrate n.出生率blindness n.无视，视而不见；盲目性Bloke Modisane 布娄克•莫狄森(南非作家)blues n.布鲁斯；慢四步舞Bob Dylan 鲍伯•狄伦bodily a.身体的，肉体的boring a.令人厌烦的boundary n.分界线，边界breadwinner n.养家糊口的人brightness n.明亮，晴朗；聪敏，机灵Briton n.大不列颠人；英国人budget n.预算vt.把…编入预算；安排，预定burden n.负担；责任，义务vt.使负重担；麻烦bus(s)ing n.公共汽车接送；［美］用校车接送学生by nature 生来，天生，就其本性而言cadre n.干部；基础结构2021自考工商管理calculation n.计算，计算结果；仔细考虑calculator n.计算者；计算器California 加利福尼亚(美国州名)Cambridge 剑桥；剑桥大学camera n.照相机，摄影机campaign n.战役；运动v.参加运动，参加竞选活动Camry 汽车牌名candidate n.候选人，候补者；应试者capture vt.捕获；夺得，占领n.捕获，捕获物cargo n.船货，货物cast vt.投，扔；投射；铸造n.投，掷；模具cease vt./vi./n.停止，结束Cees van Wendel de Joode 齐思•范•万德尔•德•尤德(人名)cell n.细胞；小房间，单人牢房certainty n.一定；必定Cesar Frank 弗兰克(法国比利时作曲家)character n.性格，品质；特性；人物；符号，(汉)字Charles Richter 查尔斯•里克特chess n.国际象棋Chile 智利chip n.片屑；薄片；电子集成电路片，芯片Cicely Saunders 茜西莉•桑德斯(人名)Cincinnati 辛辛那提(美国俄亥俄州西南部城市)circumstance n.［pl.］情况，环境；境遇circus n.马戏团，杂技团；马戏场，杂技场civil a.国民的，民用的；国内的，民间的Clare Bolderson 克莱尔•博尔德森(人名)clarification n.澄清，阐明classify vt.把…分类，把…分等级；把…列为classless a.无阶级的；不属于任何阶级的clavichord n.(音)击弦古钢琴clerk n.办事员，公务员；(美)店员Clinton 比尔•克林顿(BillClinton)clipboard n.带弹簧夹子的书写板cloudless a.无云的，晴朗的clutch vt./vi.抓住，握紧cobbler n.补鞋匠coin n.硬币，钱币vt.创造(新词)coincide vi.一致，相符(with)Colin Blackmore 科林•布莱克默(人名)collapse vt./vi./n.(使)倒塌，(使)崩溃；瓦解collectively ad.总体地；集体地coloured a.有色的coming a.正在到来的，即将来到的n.来到，到达communicator n.传播者，传播2021自考工商管理工作者community n.社区；共同体companion n.同伴，同事；［天］伴星(=～star)compassion n.同情；怜悯(for) compel vt.强迫(to) compensatory a.赔偿的，补偿的competition n.竞争；比赛competitive a.竞争的，比赛的competitor n.竞争者；对手completeness n.完整，圆满；完成，结束completion n.完成，结束；完满composer n.作曲家compulsion n.强制，强迫computerize vt.电子计算机化，用电子计算机计算conception n.概念，观念concerned a.有关的；关切的，担心的concession n.让步；特许权；租界，租界地concrete a.具体的；混凝土的n.混凝土vt.使凝固confront vt.面对，遭遇；正视，对抗congress n.国会，议会；参议院，上院congressman n.(［复］congressmen) (美)国会议员conquer vt.征服，战胜vi.得胜，胜利Conrad Hilton 希尔顿(美国旅馆业巨头)consciousness n.意识，知觉；觉悟conservative a.保存的，防腐的；保守的，守旧的consideration n.考虑；体谅，照顾conspiracy n.阴谋，密谋；阴谋集团，阴谋帮派constant a.永恒的，经久不变的；经常的n.常数constitutional a.宪法上规定的；组成的，构成的constraint n.强制；强制因素，制约条件constructive a.建设的，建设性的contemplate vt.注视，凝视；沉思content a.满足的，满意的vt.使满意n.满足，满意contented a.满足的，满意的contest n.竞争，比赛；争夺，竞争；争论，争辩continued a.继续的，连续的contrary a.相反的，相对的，与…相反(to)conventional a.惯例的，常规的；(艺术等)因袭的convict vt.证明…有罪(of)；宣判n.罪犯convince vt.使确认，使信服；使认识错误convincing a.有说服力的，使人2021自考工商管理信服的cope vi.对付，妥善处理(with) coronary a.冠的；冠状的n.冠状动脉correction n.改正，纠正；责备，惩罚correctness n.正确，正确性correlation n.相互关系，关联correspondence n.符合，一致；通信correspondent n.对应物；新闻通讯员，记者，通信者cortisol n.［生］皮质(甾)醇council n.理事会；委员会county n.(英国)郡；县crash a.紧急的，速成的creative a.创造性的creativity n.创造性crisis n.危机；决定性时刻criterion n.标准，准则critical a.批评(性)的；紧要的，关键性的，危急的criticism n.批评；评论crowd n.群，人群vi.聚集，群集curtail vt.截短，缩短；削减Danie Carluccio 丹尼尔•卡鲁齐奥(人名)datum n.(［复］data)资料，材料；数据David Morton 大卫•莫顿(人名)day to day work 日常工作daydream vi./n.白日做梦daytime n.白天，日间debate vt./n.争论，辩论vi.对…进行争论，辩论Debussy 德彪西(法国作曲家)decay vi./vt.(使)腐朽，腐烂；衰变n.腐烂；衰败decline vi.下降；衰退vt.拒绝n.下降；衰落deem vt.认为，相信defective a.有缺点的；有缺陷的deficiency n.缺乏，不足define vt.解释，给…下定义；限定，规定definitive a.决定的，确定的；限定的，明确的degrade vt.降级，贬低；堕落；退化delightful a.令人高兴的；讨人喜欢的demand for 对…的要求democrat n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员democratic a.民主的，民主主义的demographer n.人口学家demography n.人口统计学density n.密集度，稠密度；［物][化］密度deny vt.否定，否认；拒绝接受，拒绝给予dependency n.从属；依赖(on)deport vt.驱逐出境deprive vt.夺去，剥夺；使失去(of)deserving a.应得的，值得的(of)desirable a.称心的，合意的，理2021自考工商管理想的despite prep.尽管，任凭destination n.目的地，终点detail n.细节，详情vt.详述，详细说明deteriorate vt./vi.(使)恶化developmental a.发展的，开发的；促使成长的device n.装置，器械；方法，手段devotion n.献身，忠诚diabetes n.糖尿病differ vi.不同，相异(from)；与…意见不同digital a.手指的，指状的；数字的，计数的digression n.离题；偏离diploma n.执照，特许证；毕业文凭，学位证书diplomat a.外交家；外交官disabled a.伤残的；使失去战斗力的disaffection n.不满disapproval n.不赞成；不许可discredit vt.使不可置信n.丧失信义；不信，怀疑discrepancy n.差异；不一致disorder n.混乱；失调，紊乱vt.使混乱；使失调distinct a.与其他不同的，独特的；明显的distract vt.分散(注意，心思等)；使人分心distraction n.精神涣散，精神不集中；消遣，娱乐distractor n.分散注意力的东西district n.区，行政区；地区，区域District of Columbia (美) (D.C.)哥伦比亚特区ditch n.沟，沟渠vt./vi.开渠；筑渠diversified a.多样化的diversity n.多样性division n.分开，分割；除(法)；部门，科，处divisive a.造成不和的，制造分裂的domestic adj.家庭的，家务的；国内的n.家仆，佣人dominance n.优势，控制，统治dominant a.占优势的；支配的Don Claxton 唐•克莱克斯顿(人名)donation n.捐献；赠送dose n.(一次)剂量dozen n.一打，十二个；十来个，十几个dreamer n.做梦的人；空想家dreamlike a.梦一般的，梦幻的drift n.漂流；趋势，倾向vi./vt.(使)漂流；漂泊duel n./vi.决斗；(双方的)斗争duration n.持续；持续时间Dutch a.荷兰人的；荷兰语的n.荷兰人；荷兰语Dutchman n.(［复］Dutchmen)荷兰人dwarf n.矮子；［天］矮星2021自考工商管理dynamo n.［电］发电机；精力，精力充沛的人earning n.警告；警报a.警告的eastern a.东方的，东部的；向东方的，来自东方的eclecticism n.折衷主义economics n.［用作单或复］经济学；经济情况，经济economy n.经济；节约Edgar Varese 瓦雷兹(法裔美国作曲家)effect on 对…的作用efficiency n.效率；功效，效能，实力efficiently ad.效率高地；有能力地effortless a.不作努力的；不费力的，容易的elderly a.较老的，人过中年的n.近老年人election n.选举；选举权electoral a.选举的electorate n.全体选民；选区electronic a.电子的electronics n.［复］［用作单］电子学eliminate vt.排除，消灭elite n.精英，杰出人物a.杰出的，精英的elitist n.杰出人物a.杰出人物(统治论)的elsewhere ad.在别处；向别处elude vt.(巧妙地)逃避，躲避elusive a.躲避的；难以捉摸的，难以理解的emergency n.紧急情况；突发事件employee n.雇员，雇工employment n.使用；雇佣；职业，工作encounter vt./vi.遭遇，遇到n.遭遇，冲突；偶然相见enhance vt.提高；增强enjoyable a.愉快的；快乐的；有趣的enrol(l)ment n.登记，接收，招生；招收人数，入学人数ensure vt.保证，担保entity n.存在，实体；统一性entrance n.进入；入口，门口；入场，入会，入学entry n.进入；入口；登记，条目，账目equilibrium n.平衡，均衡，相称；均势；平静equivalent a.相等的；等价的n.等价(物)；对应词error n.谬误；错误eruption n.(火山)喷发；(战争，感情等)爆发，迸发escalator n.自动扶梯escape vi./vt.逃跑；避免n.逃跑；逃路，出口establishment n.建立，创办；机构esteem vt./n.尊敬，尊重ethics n.伦理学；伦理观，道德标准euthanasia n.无痛楚的死亡；安2021自考工商管理乐死evaluate vt.估价，评价eventual a.最后的，结局的evident a.明显的，明白的evolve vt.使发展，推论vi.进展；进化excellence n.优秀，杰出exceptional a.例外的；异常的，特殊的excerpt n.摘录，节录vt.摘，引用excessive a.过多的，过分的excitement n.刺激；兴奋excretion n.排泄；分泌execute vt.实行，执行，完成，贯彻；将…处死exert vt.尽(力)；施加(压力等)；行使(职权等)expansion n.扩张；膨胀expectation n.期待；估计寿命experiential a.经验的；凭经验的experimental a.实验的；经验的explode vt.使爆炸vi.爆炸；突发exploit vt.开发，开采；利用；剥削expose vt.使暴露，使面临；揭露，揭发extension n.伸张，伸展，扩大；电话分机extent n.广度，范围；程度external a.外在的，在外的eyeball n.眼球eyewitness n.目击者；见证人fade vi.凋谢，枯萎；(颜色)褪去vt.使褪色faithfully ad.忠诚地；如实地far-fetched a.牵强的；未必会的，靠不住的fault n.缺点，毛病；错误，过失；［地］断层fearful a.可怕的，吓人的；害怕的，胆怯的feasible a.可行的，可能的Ferris Greenlet 费里斯•格林里特(人名)fiercely ad.凶猛地，凶残地；猛烈地Filipino n.菲律宾人(语) a.菲律宾人的；菲律宾的finance n.财政，金融；经费，资金fireman n.消防队员flee vi./vt.(fled,fled)逃离；逃避flexible a.柔韧的，柔顺的；可变通的，灵活的flight n.飞行，飞翔；航班，班机；逃跑，溃退Florence Nightingale 南丁格尔fluctuate vi.波动，起伏；动摇vt.使波动，使起伏fluctuation n.波动，起伏focal n.焦点的fold vt./vi.折叠；对折n.褶(痕)folk n.人们；［口］家属，亲属a.民间的foolishness n.愚蠢；可笑2021自考工商管理foolproof a.连傻子都懂的；不会出毛病的for the sake of 为了…之好处；为了…的目的fore ad.在前面a.先前的；在前部的n.前部forecast vt.预测，预报；预示foreigner n.外国人formerly ad.以前，从前foster vt.鼓励，促进；养育a.收养的founder n.创始者；缔造者frame n.构架，框架France 法兰西，法国Francis Bacon 培根Franz Schubert 舒伯特(奥地利作曲家)Frederick W.T aylor 弗雷德里克•泰勒freshman n.新手，生手；大学一年级学生fruitful a.有成果的，有收获的functional a.功能的；职务上的；实用的galaxy n.［天］星系，［G-］银河系gamble vi./vt.赌博；打赌；投机n.赌博；冒险gang n.一队，一族；一群，一帮gap n.裂口，裂缝Garm 加尔姆(俄国城市)gathering n.聚集；集会George Bush 乔治•布什George McGovern 乔治•麦戈文George Wallace 乔治•华莱士Georgia 佐治亚(美国州名)Gesualdo 杰苏阿尔多(意大利作曲家)giant n.巨人；巨物，巨大的动物a.巨大的Giuseppe Verdi 威尔弟(意大利作曲家，作歌剧30余部)glitter vi.闪闪发光，闪烁n.闪光goal n.目的，目标；得分进球，球门going n.进行状况a.进行中的；现行的goings and comings 来往；活动，发生的事grab vt./n.攫取；抓取vi.攫取；抓住(at)graduate v.(使)(大学)毕业n.大学毕业生，研究生grant vt.同意；准予n.同意，授予；拨款gravity n.严肃，认真；重要性；［物］重力grayscale 灰度grip vt./n.紧握，紧夹；掌握，控制grouse n.松鸡Guam 关岛(美国在西太平洋的重要海、空军基地)Guatemala 危地马拉guilt n.有罪；内疚guitar n.六弦琴，吉他habitual a.习惯性的，习以为常2021自考工商管理的；惯常的Haicheng 海城(中国辽宁省城市)handle n.柄，把手vt.运用，操纵；经营，管理Hannah Arendt 汉纳•阿伦特(人名)harmony n.协调，和谐；融洽，一致Harry Emerson Fosdick 福斯迪克Harry S. Truman 杜鲁门(美国第33任总统)Harvard (美国)哈佛大学headmaster n.(中学或小学的)校长headquarters n.司令部，指挥部；总部，总店healthcare n.保健heartbreaking a.使人心碎的hell n.地狱，阴间；用以咒骂或表示愤怒，不满Henry Kaiser 凯泽(美国实业家) hiker n.徙步旅行者hinder vt.阻止；妨碍(from)hormonal a.荷尔蒙的，激素的hospice n.(晚期病人)收容所House n.［英］议院housekeeper n.管理家务的主妇；女管家How come...? 怎么会…?Hugo Wolf 沃尔夫(奥地利作曲家)humanistic a.人文主义的，人本主义的，人道主义的humanity n.个性，博爱，仁慈；人类Huntsville 亨茨维尔(城市名，位于阿拉巴马州北部)hysterical a.癔病的，歇斯底里的；患癔病的identity n.同一，一致；身份，本体illegal a.非法的；违规的illusion n.错觉；幻觉illustration n.说明；例证，插图imitator n.模仿者immigrant a.移民的，侨民的n.移民，侨民immigration n.移居；外来的移民impact n.冲击，碰撞；影响vt.装紧，压紧impact on 对…之影响impart vt.把…分给；给予(to)imperative a.绝对必要的；命令的，强制的；祈使的implement vt.实现；完成；履行implication n.含意，暗示；牵连，涉及，卷入impoverished a.贫困的，赤贫的improvise vt.即兴创作；临时准备，临时凑成in a sense 在某种意义上in advance 在前面；预先in between 在中间；每间隔；在…期间2021自考工商管理in favour of 赞成，支持；为…的利益，有利于in hand 手头上有in large measure 很；大半；大部分in one's mind's eye 在脑海里in other words 换句话说in part 部分地，在某种程度上in power 掌权的，执政的in question 正被谈论的in reality 实际上，事实上in return 作为回报in series 串联电路的；成串联的in that 在于，原因是in the running 参赛，参加竞选in the strict sense 在严格的意义上in the way 挡路；碍事in time 及时；终于in unison 完全一致地in vain 无效地；无结果地；徒然inactive a.不活动的；不活跃的incapable a.无能力的；不能的(of)incidence n.影响程度，影响范围；发生率inconsiderate a.不替别人考虑的；不体谅人的increasingly ad.不断增加地indication n.指示，表示；象征，迹象indifference n.冷漠；不感兴趣(to)individual n.个人，个体，独立单位a.个人的；个别的individualistic a.个人主义(者)的inefficiency n.无效；效能差inefficient a.无效的；效率低的inevitable a.不可避免的，必然(发生)的inevitably ad.不可避免地，必然地infant n.婴儿，幼儿a.婴儿的，幼儿的infiltrate vt./vi.渗入，透过；浸润infinitely ad.无限地，无穷地inflexible a.不可弯曲的；不可改变的，固执的inflict vt.使遭受(损伤，苦痛等)，使承受(on,upon)influence on 对…的影响infrastructure n.基础；基础结构infrequent a.很少发生的inhumane a.不人道的，残忍的initial a.最初的，开始的；词首的n.首字母injection n.注射；注射剂，针剂inner a.内部的，里面的；思想的n.内部；里面inspire vt.鼓舞；使产生灵感install vt.安装instantaneously ad.瞬间地；即刻地instrument n.仪器；乐器integrate vt./vi.使结合，使并入；使成一体2021自考工商管理intellectual n.知识分子a.智力的，理智的intensity n.强烈，剧烈interchangeable a.可交换的；可互换的internal a.内部的，内在的；国内的interstate a.［主美］州际的interview vt./n.面谈，采访；面试，口试interviewer n.接见者；面谈者intimidate vt.恐吓，恫吓invariably ad.不变地inventor n.发明者，创造者investment n.投资；(时间，精力的)投入irrelevant a.不相干的，离题的，与…不相干irresponsible a.无责任感的，不负责任的Isaac Newton 牛顿(英国物理学家，数学家和天文学家)It goes without saying that 不言而喻，理所当然ivy n.常青藤James Carville 詹姆斯•卡维尔jaw n.颔，颚jazz n.爵士乐Jefferson Airplane 杰弗逊飞机(美国摇滚乐队名)Jerome Singer 杰罗姆•辛格(人名)jet n.喷射；喷嘴；喷气式飞机，喷气发动机Jimmy Carter 吉米•卡特Joan Freyberg 琼•弗雷伯格(人名)Johannes Brahms 勃拉姆斯(33-97年，德国作曲家)John Anderson 约翰•安德森John Foster Dulles 杜勒斯(美国国务卿)John Major 约翰•梅杰(前英国首相)John Rae 约翰•雷(人名)Johnson 约翰逊(美国第36任总统)jounalism n.新闻业；［总称］报刊；新闻学junction n.连接，结合；结合点，交叉点juvenile a.青少年的n.青少年Kathleen Weinstein 凯思琳•温斯坦(人名)kid vt./vi./n.戏弄，开玩笑；欺骗，哄骗kindergarten n.幼儿园kingdom n.王国；领域Kumari 库马里(人名)kwashiorkor n.［医］恶性营养不良症La Traviata 茶花女(威尔第的歌剧名)laborer n.劳动者；工人lag vi.走得慢，落后n.落后，滞后largely ad.大量地；主要地launch vt.发射；使(船)下水n.发射，(船)下水2021自考工商管理leadership n.领导；［总称］领导人员leading a.领导的，指引的；最重要的，主要的leaflet n.小叶，嫩叶；传单，活页leap v./n.(leapt或leaped)跳跃；飞跃legal a.法律上的；合法的legislate vi.立法vt.通过立法legislation n.立法；法律，法规lengthen vt.使延长vi.变长，延伸lesser a.较小的；更少的；次要的lethal a.致死的liability n.责任，义务；债务，负债；不利条件liberty n.自由，自由权；冒昧，失礼；特许权，特权lighting n.照明，照明设备light-sensitive a.光敏的limitless a.无限制的，无限的link n.环节，联系vt.用环连接；联系Lionel Ngakane 莱昂内尔•恩卡纳(南非演员)literal a.精确的，如实的；逐字的，字面的litter n.干草；杂乱无章；一窝(仔畜) vt.铺草Little Rock 小石城(美国阿肯色州首府)location n.定位，测位；位置，场所logic n.逻辑(学)；逻辑性，条理性；理由，道理longshoreman n.码头装卸工人loom vi.隐隐呈现；逼近loose a.松的，宽的；宽松；放荡的lovable a.可爱的，讨人喜欢的loyalty n.忠诚；忠心lvy League 常春藤联合会；名牌大学的Lydia Garcia 莉迪亚•加西亚(人名)maid n.少女；侍女，女仆majority n.多数，大半；多数党，多数派maker n.制造者；制造商maladjustment n.失调；不适应环境manageable a.易管理的managerial a.经理的，管理人的；管理上的，经营上的Manitou Park 曼尼托公园mankind n.［用作单或复］人类manual a.手的，用手(操作)的；体力的n.手册marble n.弹子；大理石a.大理石的，大理石般的marvel(l)ous a.奇异的，惊人的；［口］了不起的，妙极的materialism n.［哲］唯物主义，唯物论；物质至上measurement n.衡量，测量mechanism n.［机］机构，机2021自考工商管理制；作用过程merchant n.商人merit n.优点，长处；功绩，功劳merry a.欢乐的，愉快的Michael LaSane 麦克尔•拉森(人名)microcassette n.微型卡式录音带microscopic a.显微镜的；微观的；微小的，细微的mid-afternoon a.下午三点左右的Middletown 米道镇(镇名) midst n.中间，当中prep.(=amidst)在…当中Milky Way 银河；银河系(=Milky Way galaxy)Milton Kramer 弥尔顿•克莱默(人名)miniature n.缩样，小型物a.微型的，小型的minimum n.最小量；最低限度a.最小的；最低的miniskirt n.超短裙Miriam Makeba 末丽亚姆•马齐巴(南非演员)miserable a.悲惨的；可怜的mislead vt.把…带错路，使…错或做错misleading a.引入歧途的；使人误解的moderate a.中等的，适度的；温和的，有节制的moderation n.温和，适度；缓和，减轻modest a.谦虚的，谦恭的；适中的，不过分的mold n.(=mould)模子；模型vt.用模子做，浇铸monopolize v.垄断；专卖monopoly n.垄断；专卖motivate vt.作为…的动机，激发motivation n.动机；动力Moussorgsky 穆索尔斯基(俄国作曲家)moving a.活动的，移动的；动人的，令人感动的multimedia a.多种手段的；多媒体的n.多媒体multiple a.多样的，复合的n.倍数muse vt./vi./n.沉思，冥想musically ad.在音乐方面；好听地；悦耳地musician n.音乐家；作曲家namely ad.即，也就是Nat Nakasa 纳特•纳卡萨(南非作家)nationwide a.全国性的ad.在全国范围内neat a.整洁的；简洁的；整齐的need for 对…的需要negative a.否定的；负的，阴性的n.底片；负数neglect vt.忽视，忽略；疏忽n.忽略；疏忽negotiation n.谈判，协商Negro n.黑人a.黑人的2021自考工商管理network n.［纺］网眼织物；网状物，网络neutral a.中立的；中性的neutron n.［物］中子New Jersey 新泽西州(美国州名)no other...than 除…外没有，只有；正是，就是nominate vt.提名；任命；命名nomination n.提名；任命nominee n.被提名者；被任命者Northern 北爱尔兰northwestern a.在西北的，向西北的；来自西北的not (never) for a moment 通常；多半not that... 并不是说notebook n.笔记本notion n.概念；想法，看法nourishment n.滋补品，营养品now that (连词)既然，由于objective n.目标，目的a.客观的；无偏见的obscure a.昏暗的；模糊的vt.使暗，遮掩；使难理解observatory n.天文台；了望台observer n.遵守者，奉行者；观察者，监视者occupation n.占领；占有；职业Ocean County 县名of...importance 有…重要性of...interest 有…兴趣of...value 有…价值Ohio 俄亥俄州(美国州名)old-boy n.老同学；(招呼用)老朋友，老弟，老兄on and off 不时；断断续续地，间歇地on average 平均on occasion 有时，间或on one's head 归罪于某人，(责任)落到某人身上on the alert 警戒，处于戒备状态on the contrary 相反地on the part of 就…而言ongoing a.进行中的，前进的operate v.运转，起作用；动手术；操作；经营oppose vt.反对，反抗；使相对，使对抗(to)opposition n.反对，反抗；对立，意见相反opt vi.抉择，选择(for)，在…之间选择optimal a.最适宜的；最理想的organizational a.组织(上)的originate vi./vt.发源；发生，发起out of power 丧失权力out of step 步伐不一致；不协调outcome n.结果，结局；出路，出口outer a.外部的output n.产量；输出outrage n.暴行；愤慨vt.对…施暴；激怒overcome vt.战胜；克服overestimate vt.过高估计；过2021自考工商管理高评价oversupply vt./n.过多供应overturn vt./n.打翻；推翻，颠覆，毁灭vi.翻身overwhelming a.压倒之势的ownership n.拥有；所有权，所有制Oxbridge 牛津大学和剑桥大学；该校之学生Oxford 牛津；牛津大学p.a. system (=public address) system有线广播系统painful a.痛苦的；费力的painstaking a.苦干的；费力的painter n.漆工；画家Palestrina 帕莱斯特里纳(意大利作曲家)palm n.手掌panel n.专门小组paradox n.似非而可能是的论点；自相矛盾的话paralyse vt.使麻痹，使瘫痪；使无力，使气馁parenting n.父母对孩子的养育parliament n.议会，国会；［P-］议会parliamentary a.议会的，国会的partial a.偏袒的，偏心的，对…偏袒；部分的participant n.参加者a.参与的participation n.参加，参与partly ad.部分地；在一定程度上passive a.被动的；消极的passport n.护照paternalistic a.家长式统治的；家长作风的peaceful a.平静的，安宁的；和平的，和平方式的penetrating a.穿透的，贯穿的；深刻的，透彻的perchance ad.［古］偶然，意外地；可能，或许performance n.执行；表现，工作性能；演出，演奏periodicity n.周期性，间发性permissive a.容许的，许可的；随意的，开放的persist vi.坚持，固执(in)；持续，存留persistently ad.坚持地；固执地personality n.个性；人格；品格personnel n.全体人员，全体职员；人事(部门)perspective n.透视，透视画法；远景，展望；观点，看法persuasion n.说服，劝服pervasive a.弥漫的，渗透的；遍布的pet n.宠物，爱畜a.宠爱的，表示亲昵的pharmacological a.药物学的，药理学的photocopy vt./n.复印，影印；照相复制本phrase n.短语，词语；习惯用语physiological a.生理的，生理学的physiology n.生理学2021自考工商管理planet n.行星plantation n.种植园，大农场；植树造林plateau n.(［复］plateaus或plateaux)高原plea n.请求，恳求；托词pledge v.发誓；保证n.誓言，誓约；抵押品plenty of 大量的；丰富的plus prep.加，加上a.正的；附加的poet n.诗人point of view 观点polio n.［医］脊髓灰质炎，小儿麻痹症poll n.选举；民意测验vt.得到选票vi.投票portray vt.描绘；描写；描述positive a.确实的；积极的，肯定的；正的，阳性的possess vt.具有，拥有possession n.有，拥有；［常pl.］占有物；财产postgraduate a.大学毕业后的，大学研究院的n.研究生precede vt.先于…，比…优先vi.在前面，领先precedent n.先例，前例Precious Mackenzie 普莱舍斯•麦肯齐(南非举重运动员)predict vt./vi.预言；预示preliminary a.预备的；初步的n.初试；预赛prescribe vt.指示，规定；开处方，开药presidency n.总统(或校长)职务(职权，任期)；管辖presidential a.总统(校长)的；总统(校长)职务的prevail vi.胜过；流行，盛行prevalent a.流行的，普通的primarily ad.首先，起初；首要地，主要地prime a.最初的，基本的；主要的；最好的Princeton (美国)普林斯顿大学private a.私人的；私营的；秘密的，私下的privilege n.特权vt.给予…特权proceeding n.程序，进程；项目，活动，会议文集productivity n.生产率；丰饶，多产profession n.职业(尤指脑力劳动或受过专业训练的)profitability n.赚钱，获得profound a.深刻的，浑奥的profusion n.丰富，大量；过分progressive a.进步的，先进的；渐次的，累进的prohibition n.禁止；禁令project n.设计，规划；项目vt.方案，计划；投射prolong vt.延长；拉长promote vt.促进，发扬；提升，升级；发起，创办promotion n.促进；提升proof n.证据，证明；校样proportion n.比率，比例vt.使2021自考工商管理成比例，使相称prosecute vt.对…起诉，告发prosecutor n.起诉人；检察官，公诉人prospect n.展望，景象；［常pl.］前景，前程prospective a.预期的；未来的provision n.供应，供应品；条款，规定；给养psychology n.心理学；心理publish vt.出版，刊印；公布，发表punishment n.处罚，罚，刑罚；折磨，损害punk n.(俚)阿飞；朋克a.颓废派的pursue vt.追赶；追求，寻求；进行，从事queue n.辫子；列队vi.排队(for)quicksand n.流沙rabbit n.兔racial a.种族的racist n.种族主义者a.种族主义的；种族歧视的radiation n.放射，发光；放射物，辐射线，辐射能radioactive a.［原］放射性的；放射引起的radium n.镭radon n.氡rating n.等级，规格；(电视)收视率raw a.未煮过的，生的；未加工的readily ad.乐意地；很快地，容易地readjustment n.再整理，再调整realistic a.现实的，实际的；现实主义的recognition n.认出；承认，公认recorder n.记录者；录音机recruit vt./vi.征募(新兵)，吸收；补充n.新成员reduction n.减少，减小；降级，降职；归纳，归并refine vt./vi.提纯，精制；使改进，变优雅refinement n.精炼，精制reflection n.反射，反映，映像；深思，考虑regeneration n.新生，再生，复兴regrow vt.再生长，重新生长regulate vt./n.管理；调节regulatory a.规章的；调节的reinforce vt.增援，支援；加强，增加reinforcement n.增强，加固；强化re-introduction n.重新采用，重新引入rejection n.拒绝，抵制；驳回relaxation n.松弛，放松；缓和，减轻；休养relevant a.贴切的，中肯的；与…有关的(to)reliability n.可靠性。

工商管理英语中译英英译中整理

Unit 1社团（社会，共同体，社区）community；首席执行官chief executive officer；（政府或国际机构的）部，处agency；常务董事（相当于总经理）managing director；流行价格prevailing price；监督员（基层经理）supervisor；市场份额market share；计算机程序员computer programmer；管理能力managerial competency；保险业务员insurance agent；资源配置allocation of resources；新闻广播员newscaster；任务小组task force；销售合作人sales associate；收入，税收revenue；a global giant 巨大的全球公司；talented people 人才；profit-oriented/for-profit business 以利润为导向；accountmanager 财务经理；plant manager 工厂经理；task force manager 业务经理；chief knowledge officer 首席培训官；chief executive officer 首席执行官；managing director 常务董事；a board of directors 董事会；stockholder 股东；stakeholder 利益相关人；accounts 客户；Unit 2管理；管理人员management；工作框架work setting；电话营销中心telemarketing center；顾客投诉customer complaint；业绩评价标准evaluation criteria for performance；具体运作计划specific operational plans；分派权利与责任delegate authority and responsibility；协调进度与资源coordinate schedule and resources；商务合作人business associate；财务崩溃financial debacle；刺激业务增长spur the growth of the business；监督现场工作supervise on-site work；dealership 经销店；high turnover 高人员流动；executive vice-president 执行副总裁；community affairs 社交事务；government negotiations 政府谈判；on-site work 现场工作；Unit 4个人决策individual decisionmaking；换取关系tradeoff；效率与公平efficiency and equity；稀缺资源scarce resources；成本与效益costs and benefits；增量调整incremental adjustments；边际成本marginal costs；边际收益marginal benefits；机会成本opportunity cost；竞争对手与贸易伙伴competitors and partners；天下没有免费的午餐there is no such thing as a free lunch；生活中的换取关系life’s tradeoff；考虑边际量think at the marginal；对激励作出的反应中in response to the incentives；使每个国家状况更好make each country better off；相互作用interact with one another；material/spiritual standard of living 生活物质水平；board 伙食；Unit5市场经济market economies；市场失灵market failure；市场势力market power；经济繁荣economic prosperity；预算赤字budget deficit；金融市场financial market；人力物力资本human capital and physical capital；通货膨胀inflation；公平分配equitable distribution；个人所得税personal income tax；福利制度welfare system；医疗保健health care；develop market economy 发展市场经济；direct economic activity 指导经济活动；allocate resources efficiently 有效地配置资源；influence market price 影响市场价格；enhance economic efficiency 提高经济效率；boost living standard 提高生活水平；charge the price 要价/收费；regulate the price 规范价格；result in chaos 造成/导致混乱；work one’s magic 施展魔力；planned economies 计划经济；self-interest 个人利益/利己；the wealth of nations 《国富论》；externality 外部性；monopoly 垄断；economic well-being 经济福利；labor union 工会；minimum wage laws 最低工资法；price rise 物价上涨；deflation 通货紧缩；the quantity of money 货币量；Unit 6develop an action plan 制定行动计划；develop safety training session 开安全生产培训课；develop a line of thought 展开思路；develop the front-line employees 培养一线雇员；develop an interest in management 对管理产生兴趣；develop the national economy 发展国民经济；develop the company’s business 扩展公司业务；develop one’s idea 阐述观点；develop a new device 研制一个新装置；develop the region in the west of China 开发建设中国西部地区；目标管理management by objective；一次性计划a single-use plan；常备计划a stand plan；应变计划a contingency plan；企业目标corporate goals；计划时间范围planning time horizon；业绩评估系统performance appraisal system；应急预算emergency budget；灵活性与适应性flexibility and adaptability；安全认定系统system of safety recognition；基层部门监督者line supervisor；表彰信a letter of commendation；Unit 7deploy resources 有效地利用资源；hierarchical levels 层级；span of managers’ control 经理的管理职权范围；effective coordination 有效地协调；vertical control of the organization 组织机构的纵向管理；an automobile assembly line 汽车组装线；chain of command 指令链；delegate authority 分权；meet customers’ needs 满足消费者的需求；line department 业务部门；staff department 职能部门；issue orders 发布命令；rule books 规章手册；organization chart 企业章程；Unit 8position power 职位权力；legitimate power 法理权；reward power 奖赏权力；coercive power 惩罚权力；personal power 个性化权力；expert power 专业技能权力；referent power 秉性相关权力；charismatic leadership 个人勉力型领导；autocratic leader 独断/专断型领导；democratic leader 民主型领导；authoritarian management 授权型领导；centralize authority 集权；Unit 11课后练习无；forms of business enterprise 企业组织形式；sole proprietorships 独资商；partnership 合伙商；corporation 公司；risks and rewards 风险和收益；retail establishment 零售机构；personal income 个人收入；tax rate 税率；interest rate 利率；financial resources 财政资源；lend institutions 借贷机构；management-level employees 管理基层员工；professional consultants 专业顾问；unlimited liability 无限责任；profits and loses 盈利和亏损；general partners 任职合伙人；master limited partnership（MLP）全能的有限合伙商；stock exchange 股票交易所；partnership agreement 合伙商协议；obtain financing 融资；departure and addition 离去和增添；malpractice insurance 渎职保险；business risk insurance 企业风险保险；managing partner 常务合伙人；political maneuver 政治操控；shareholder 股东；public corporation 公营公司；quasi-public corporation 准公营公司；parent company 母公司；holding company 控股公司；subsidiary corporation 子公司；public utility 公用事业；basic public services 基础公共服务；open corporation 公开公司；closed corporation 封闭公司；incorporated business 组建公司；industry sector 产业部门；service business 服务业；goods-producing business 制造业；with access to inexpensive labor 拥有廉价劳动力；real estate broker 房地产经纪人；capital-intensive business 资金密集型产业；labor-intensive business 劳动力密集型产业；prune layers of bureaucracy 精简官僚机构层次；business cycle 商业周期，经济周期；cyclical business 周期性产业Unit 12世界经济a global economy；经济模式the economic model；工业化经济an industrialized economy；自给自足self-sufficient；银行业a banking industry；提高生活质量enhance the quality of life；经济活动的核心the hub/heart of economic activity；商务服务业business services；销售服务业trade services；基础设施服务业infrastructure services；社会服务业social/personal services；公共管理服务public services；public administration 公共管理服务；social/personal service 社会/个人服务；extractive sector 资源耗取部门；service sector 服务行业；economic growth 经济增长；health care 保健；economic evolution 经济演进；primary 第一产业；secondary 第二产业；tertiary 第三产业；quaternary 第四产业；real estate 房地产；maintenance and repair 保养和维修；service economy 服务经济；retail trade 零售；negative growth rates 负增长；recession-resistant 抗衰退的；manufactured goods 制成品；lay off 下岗；capital expenditures 资金支出；the driving force 驱动力；labor-saving 节省劳动力；an aging population 老年人口geriatric health care 老年健康护理Unit 14市场营销组合marketing mix；市场细分研究segmentation research；市场导向marketing orientation；目标市场target market；描述功能descriptive function；诊断功能diagnostic function；预测功能predictive function；生产导向活动production-oriented exercises；前控管理proactive management；后控管理reactive management；市场信息反馈过程marketing intelligence feedback process；市场营销系统marketing system；decision maker 决策者；improve the bottom line 改善企业营利；production schedule 生产期限；mechanistic exercise 机械活动；sales promotion 促销；Unit 15人力资源管理human resource management；竞争优势competitive advantage；员工投诉系统employee grievance systems；达到企业目标meet the organization’s objectives；全权负责have sole responsibility for；业绩评估体系performance appraisal system；招聘与筛选recruitment and selection；灵活工作时间制flexible scheduling；成本有效性cost effectiveness；成本领先战略cost leadership strategy；产品差别化product differentiation；岗位培训on-the-job training；纪律执行程序disciplinary procedure；激励计划incentive plan；career advancement 职业发展；productivity levels 生产率水平；。

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