第四章 翻译的技巧参考译文
第四章 翻译技巧
2. He was a regular visitor.
他经常来。 3. What kind of sailor are you? (a bad sailor or a good sailor?) 你晕不晕船？
• 8. I am afraid I can’t teach you swimming. I think my liter brother is a better teacher than I • .我未必会教你游泳。我想我的弟弟比我教 得好。
• • • •
4. The local audience was most receptive. 当地听众能接受新事物。 5. He said the meeting was informative. 他说这次会议提供了不少信息。/他从这次 会议中得到了很多信息。 • 6. Many investors are still fearful of the ever-changing local policies. • 许多投资人对当地多变的政策仍怀有戒心。
• 4. You pass from the heat and glare of a big open square in to a cool, dark cavern. • 你从一个巨大的露天广场上炎热而耀眼的阳光中进 入凉爽阴暗的洞穴。 • 5. As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help. • 他对这个城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要 的帮助。 • 英语中有些名词加不定冠词作表语时，往往可以转 译成形容词（例4和例5） 。又如：The blockade was a success. • 封锁很成功。
第四章翻译的技巧参考译文
第四章翻译的技巧参考译文第四章翻译的技巧Skills in Translation.课堂互动2：翻译句子（参考译文）1.The sky turned to a tender pallet of pink and blue.【译文】天空变成了一块由粉红色和蓝色构成的色彩柔和的调色板。
2. She had never let him know—never breathed a word.【译文】她根本就没让他知道，从未透露过真情。
3.The president now is on a poverty tour.【译文】总统目前正在访问贫困地区。
4. She doctored in the countryside.【译文】她在农村当医生。
5. The old man carefully doctored the split in the cane chair.【译文】老人仔细修补藤椅上的裂口。
6. The mayor of New York C ity is the Time magazine’s 2001 Person of the Year.【译文】纽约市市长是2001年《时代》杂志的风云人物。
7. The girls all like Bob because he is a football captain. Nothing succeeds like success.【译文】所有的女孩子都喜欢鲍伯，因为他是个足球队长。
有本事又有人缘。
8. An expensive failure can be made into an asset if you’ve learnt from it, but Monsanto still has some learning to do.【译文】失败的代价虽然昂贵，然而只要你能从中汲取教训，那也是一笔财富。
不过，曼山托公司仍然需要总结教训。
9．In the social production which men carry on they enter into definite relations that are indispensable and independent of their will; these relations of production correspond to a definitestage of development of their material powers of production.【译文】人们在自己生活的社会生产中发生一定的、必然的、不以其意志为转移的关系，即同他们的物质生产力的一定发展阶段相适合的生产关系。
华先发英汉翻译教程第四章
拟声词的翻译
• • • • • • • • A tiger growls. 虎啸 a dog barks 犬吠 A lion roars 狮吼 A wolf howls 狼嚎 A horse neighs. 马嘶 A monkey screeches. 猿啼 An ass brays. 驴叫 A deer bleats. 鹿鸣
拟声词的翻译
• 1）英汉拟声词比较 • A. 同一声音在英语和汉语中用相同的拟声 词来表达； • B. 同一声音在英语中和汉语中用不同的拟 声词来表达 • C. 不同的声音用同一拟声词来表达，这种 情况在英语和汉语中都很普遍
拟声词的翻译
• （1）大多数英文拟声词都可译为汉语相应的拟声 词，有的译为独词句，有的则译为动词或者词的 辅助成分。 • Crack ! The stick broke into two. • Only the ventilator in the cellar window kept up a ceaseless rattle. • Round the corner of Crescent Bay, between the piled-up masses of broken rock, a flock of sheep came pattering.
颜色词的翻译
• A mark was on him from the day's delight, so that all his life, when April was a thin green and the flavor of rain was on his tongue, an old wound would throb and a nostalgia would fill him for something he could not quite remember. (Rawlings 2001:13)
大学实用翻译教程(英汉双向)第四章 词语翻译技巧
2、 动词转为形容词
她父母为她的健康不佳而发愁。
Her parents were anxious about her poor health． 获悉贵国遭受地震 ，我们极为关切。 We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake． 她没有意识到自己犯了一个严重的错 误。 She was not aware that she had made a serious mistake．
译文：我们大脑的“程序”非常复杂，所以 也许我们喜欢从文学、艺术、科学和技术角 度的创造力来定义“思考”这个概念。
该例原文选自有关人脑功能方面的一篇科技 性文章。根据整个语篇以及相关语境，可以 推断出这里的“our program”指大脑程序， 因为我们自己本身并没有什么程序可言。因 此，译成汉语时要增加失当词汇，才能更确 切地表达原文所要传达的意思。
我们对待世界大战这个问题的态度是：第一， 反对； 第二，不怕。
Our attitude on the question of world war is, first, we are against it；second, we are not afraid of it． 他们不顾一切困难和挫折，坚持战斗。 They kept on fighting in spite of all difficulties and setbacks．
1、冠词的省译
A teacher should have patience in his work. 教师在工作中应当有耐心。
翻译第四章
翻译第四章第四章英汉翻译的关键是如何正确选择词义在英汉翻译过程中，针对原文的词义正确地选择汉语词义，是保证译文质量的根本一环。
首先一个词在不同的句子中有不同的含义。
1)This general was charged with treason.. 这个将军被指控犯了叛国罪。
2) The Committee decided to put Professor Henry in charge of the research work.委员会决定让亨利教授负责这项研究工作。
类似短语有take charge of, take charge译为“负责”3)As soon as the moment for the general offensive arrived, the soldiers charged the enemy position bravely. 总攻时间一到，战士们勇猛地向敌人的阵地冲去。
4)She complained that she had been charged too much. 她抱怨说，向她收的费太高了。
5) The powder in place, he rammed in a long iron rod to tamp down the charge..火药装好后，他伸进去一根长铁钎以便把炸药捣实。
6) This store will charge things you buy, and let you pay for them later.这家商店将你所买的东西记入账内，让你以后付款。
7) Having charged the battery, he set the engine in motion. 电池充电后，他启动了马达。
1）Here is a pretty go!2）He is itching to have a go at it.3）The old man is still full of go.4）These brightly colored stockings are all the go this summer.其次，在英语中还存在着一个词的单数和复数意义全然不同、前后搭配不同而意义不同等情况。
第四章：翻译技巧
第四章：翻译技巧第四章：翻译技巧（上）Amplification（增词法）By amplification we mean supplying necessary words in our translation work so as to make the version correct and clear, to make it more like the language translated into. Of course words thus supplied must indispensable either syntactically or semantically. In other words, a translator is not supposed to add any meaning to the original. There are two kinds: 1)Words for syntactic construction—to secure correctness, 2)Words supplied for semanticcompletion—to secure clearness. Both aim at making the version expressive and readily understood by the reader.Examples:presidential historian ―总统的历史学家‖研究总统的历史学家For mistakes had been made, bad ones, he was severely criticized.―因为已经犯了错误，很严重，他受到了严厉的批评‖―因为已经犯了错误，而且是很严重的错误，他受到了严厉的批评‖Rocket research has proved the str ange fact…..通过火箭进行研究……How she wished she could send that man to the Furies—for the punishment she thought he deserved. Furies [希神]复仇女神(“土地”和“黑暗”的三个女儿, 以清算罪恶为职责, 被描绘成庄严、美丽的女郎, Fury 为其中之一)她真想把那个臭男人交给那母夜叉去整治整治,也好让她出口恶气。
4.翻译的技巧
（梁实秋译）
（王振国译）
答案：B
小节结束
10 返回章重点 退出 返回章重点 退出
课堂互动4：比较并选择理想汉语译文
（参考译文）
1. A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps, for there is a companionship of books as well as of men.
返回章重点 退出
（参考译文）
课堂互动4：比较并选择理想汉语译文
（参考译文） 8. Many language-students think it is enough simply to “know” a grammar rule or the meaning of a word. They do not understand that there is a difference between such things and the actual capacity to make correct sentences and to use words correctly.
12
返回章重点 退出
课堂互动4：比较并选择理想汉语译文
（参考译文）
3. The children’s constant deafening racket everywhere kept the younger ones from sleeping.
A. 小孩子们这儿吵，那儿闹，没完没了，把人耳朵都 震聋了，小不点儿就别想睡觉了。 B. 孩子们到处吵闹，经常不断，震耳欲聋，简直使小 孩子们睡不着觉。 C. 孩子们到处喧闹，经常不断，震耳欲聋，使得小点 儿的孩子们睡不着觉。 答案：C
英汉翻译原理第四章-怎样表达译文
课堂练习
• He intends to take an action in grand style. • He arrived on Sunday night, tired and dusty. • This type of marriage is characterized by constant conflict, tension, and bitterness. • The nation's tradition, its instincts, and its interest make it opposed to Germany.
• Like my friend, I now have an alternative to complaining. When I'm bored with my life, I take my pencils out in the back yard and doodle for an hour, trying to sketch trees that look like trees. • 就像我的朋友一样，我现在有了一种代替抱怨的 东西。当我对生活感到厌倦时，我就拿出铅笔到 后院去心不在焉地乱涂一个小时，试图画出看上 去像树的树木速写。 • 同有位朋友一样，我现在不再抱怨，而是去做一 些别的事情。在生活中感到厌倦时，我就拿起铅 笔，到后院里随便涂鸦个把小时，画画树林的速 写，尽量画得看上去像是树林。
• He was but a man with many grey hairs, with a heavy burden of responsibility, of thoughts and worries. • 他已是长了许多灰发、肩负重任、心中充 满思考和忧虑的人。 • 他已是鬓发斑白，肩负重任，思绪万千， 焦虑满怀。
英语翻译 第四单元 转换法和顺序调整法
3. Some Traps in Negative Structures
否定句在英语中比比皆是。否定句有多种 形式：部分否定、全部否定、双重否定、 意义否定等。同时，否定还有多种变化： 如否定的各种转移，形式否定但意义肯定 等。否定句的翻译常常有很多的陷阱，一 不小心就会在翻译上闹笑话。
1. not…because The engine didn’t stop because the fuel was finished． 引擎并不是因为燃料耗尽而停止运转。 In that city，we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews. 我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧 视。 This version is not placed first because it is simple． 此方案并不因为简易而放在首位。
构成正说反译的要素体现在译文中含有 诸如：无、勿、别、没、否、不、莫、非、 未等表示否定的词。 英语中，有一部分词本身就含有汉语的 否定意义，或构成带有汉语否定意义的词， 但它们并不都表示否定意义，有些只是一 种表达而已。这类词有： ① 动词：miss, refrain (from), ignore, refuse, hate, fail, excuse, neglect, exclude, wander, 等等；
Teaching Contents
• 1. Motivation • Some linguists say “Every language has its peculiarities in negation.” And there is indeed an important difference between Chinese and English in negation---negation in way of thinking and in mode of speaking. Native speakers have their own way of thinking in the negative and expressing negative implication, quite different from ours.
英汉翻译教程 第四章 翻译的技巧
1. How to explain that I was not a proud owner seeking admiration for his vehicle, but a tourist who had broken down?【译文】真不知道怎么说好呢？我又不是一个得意的车主，专门让人家欣赏我的车子来着，而是个路途中有了难处的游客。
2. It is actually very, very old and was not always as beautiful as it is now. It is not certain how the Earth began. Probably it began as a huge globe of gas and dust. The globe became smaller and denser. … Today the outer layer or crust is cool and hard, …【译文】实际上，地球已经非常、非常古老了，它起初并不总像现在这样美丽。
关于地球的起源，尚无定论。
地球开始形成时，很可能是一个由气体和尘埃组成的巨大球体。
地球变得越来越小，越来越密，……今天，地球的外层或地壳已经冷却硬化，……3. Special equipment assures that the computers will not be disturbed by power interruptions that last less than two hours.【译文】在停电两小时以内的情况下，有专门设备能保证计算机正常工作。
4. It was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror, nor any of the emotions that she had been prepared for.【译文】那表情不是生气，不是惊讶，不是不满，不是嫌恶，也不是她原先准备应付的任何一种感情。
新编汉英翻译教程 第四章(Shortened)
谓语的选择和确定，须兼顾表意和构句的二重需 要，即考虑英语语法规范、搭配习惯和逻辑关系等 问题。 所谓“表意的需要”，指选择谓语时，除考虑该 词语本身能否准确传达原文意义外，还要关照其与 主语的语义关联，亦即逻辑的关联，以及主谓词语 的搭配。此外，谓语动词和宾语的搭配，连系动词 和表语的搭配，以及这两种搭配产生的修辞效果， 也都影响和制约谓语的选择。 而“构句的需要”，则指谓语的确定必须符合英 语语法的需要，必须遵循主谓一致的原则，符合英 语语法规范。
2. 考虑谓语表意的需要时，还必须关照其与主语的语义 关联以及主谓词语的搭配。请看下列例句： 世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。 a. The turn of the century finds China most active in its diplomatic arena. b. At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities.
例：液体的形状总是随着容器的变化而变化，因为 液体没有自己的固定形状。换言之，无论你把它 放在什么样的容器中，它的形状总是和容器的内 壁完全一样。 Since a liquid has no definite shape of its own, it varies in shape from container to container. In other words, in whatever container it is poured, the liquid will take exactly the interior shape of the container. 译文和原文一样含两个主从复合句。遵照英语语 法对主谓一致和动词时态、语态的要求，谓语分别 译为第三人称单数一般现在时的has和varies、一般 现在时被动语态的is poured和将来时态的will take。
英语读译教程chapter4
Investigation led us to the foregoing conclusion.
例2. 他一想到面试就十分担忧。
Thought of the interview filled him with apprehension.
例7. it has fared well with him. 他一切顺利。 例8. it must be the boys coming back. 一定是小伙子们回来了。 1. there + be 结构的存在句 例1. there has been no news till now. 直到目前仍无消息。
Yesterday. 你昨天没来令你母亲十分失望。 例5. it dawned on me that I’d left the oven
on. 我突然想起烘箱未曾关掉。
It is May that reads English with her friends under a big tree.
例2. have there been any new development?
有什么新进展吗？ 例3. there is no knowing what may
happen. 谁也不知道要发生什么事。 例4. there grew a tree 一棵树长出来了。 例5. there comes a knock at the door.
例3. 只要稍微赞扬他几句，他就会得意忘形。 a very little compliment would set him carried away.
英语四六级翻译的技巧篇 新题型
第四章翻译的技巧篇“技巧”，按照《辞海》的释义，指“较高的技能”。
《高级汉语大词典》指“巧妙的技能”。
在《牛津高阶英语词典》（第六版）中，technique指“a particular way of doing sth, especially one in which you have to learn special skills”。
所谓的翻译技巧，说到底就是对语言差异的“灵巧”处理（孙致礼，2003：81）。
译文要获得理想的传播效果，就必须讲究表达的技巧和方法。
翻译技巧，是一种熟练而巧妙的技能。
它是译者熟练而巧妙地运用各种翻译手法，完美地表达思想内容的技能。
普通心理学认为，技能是在个体身上固定下来的自动化的行动方式，是一些巩固了的概括化的系统，它以操作训练的方式为人所掌握，是后天获得的东西。
它可以在长期反复的“操作训练”中为人所掌握。
总结归纳各种翻译教科书里的翻译技巧，其最基本的有如下几种：拆译、词性转译、精简、增补、倒置、反译、虚译和实译、词语褒贬翻译、被动式翻译、数字倍数翻译等。
这些翻译技巧互相穿插，互为补充。
同一个句子的翻译，可以用几种技巧加以解释或运用，即它可以是拆译、词类、句法转换、增补等。
试以下面段落翻译为例，说明翻译的各种技巧是紧密结合的。
“Her presence brought memories of such things as Bourbon roses, rubies, and tropical midnights; her moods recalled lotus eaters and the march in …Athalie‟; her motions, the ebb and flow of the sea; her voice, the viola.”“看见她的神情，就叫人想起布邦玫瑰、鲜红的宝石和热带的中夜；看见她的意态，就叫人想起食莲人和…亚他利‟里的进行曲；她的步伐就是海潮的荡漾，她的声音就是中提琴的幽婉。
Chapter4翻译的基本技巧
Chapter 4翻译的基本技巧１.增译法1.1增量词（名量词和动量词）1）To the east a faint pink is spreading.一抹浅红正向东方扩展。
2）I was extremely worried about her, but this was neither the place nor the time for a lecture or an argument.我真替她万分担忧，但此时次地既不不宜教训她一番，也不宜与她争论一通。
１.2.汉语中名词复数的增补1)The lion is the king of animals.百/万兽之王。
2)Fogs hid the mountain peaks.层层薄/云雾遮蔽了重重峰峦。
3)Reports of new successes keep pouring in.捷报频传。
4)Disappearances occurred with apparently increasing frequency…失踪事件/接连不断接二连三地发生，显然越来越频繁5)As soon as winter was over and the primroses began to bloom.冬天一过，迎春花竟相/便朵朵开放。
6)She warmly welcomed her guests in and brought them a cup of tea.她热情地将客人们迎了进来，然后给他们各/每人/一一端一杯水。
7)what you have been looking for, my friend, is the chance to throw yourself into the world of UniversitySocieties, and discover the huge range of activities .我的朋友，你一直在寻找的就是将你自己投身到大学社团中的机会，去发现丰富多彩的、各种各种的活动。
英汉翻译教程讲解第四章
第4章Unit 4 Economy1. 经济文章选篇。
其特点是：着重说明经济形势，提出主张和建议，以大量数据说明问题。
所用语言视场合而定，文件的语言正式而精练，演讲的语言则要比较易于上口。
2. 语言对比：（1）经济术语。
经济领域有大量的专门术语。
如：two way trade双向贸易l ucrative export markets 获利的出口市场foreign exchange 外汇commercial opportunities商业机会export opportunities 出口机会potential exports潜在市场（2）有些普通词语在经济文章中有特殊含义。
经济术语有特殊的用法和搭配。
例1）The result, I believe, is that we have built the beginnings of a sound foundation for future commercial and financial ties.我相信我们已经为今后贸易与金融关系初步打下了坚实的基础。
例2）There are more than 20 joint ventures between the US and Chinese investors.现在有20多家中美合资企业。
（3）数字及有关的术语和量词。
数字很容易出错，因此要特别仔细核对。
和数字有关的动词、介词、形容词、副词也很重要。
如“增加了”和“增加”表示的意思是不一样的。
by用来表示增加或减少的幅度。
表示倍数时汉语与英语不一样。
汉语：1）甲比乙...（形容词或副词）n倍：不包括基数。
2）甲是乙n倍：包括基数。
英语：1) "n+ times + adj.比较级+than"式：包括基数；2) "n+ times + as + adj. + as"式：包括基数；3) "verb (e.g. increase, grow, rise, be raised, etc.) + n + times"式：包括基数。
翻译第四章
第四章词汇翻译技巧（上）正因为英汉词汇之间有很多差异，因此词汇翻译不可能达到一一对应的程度，必须掌握一定的词汇翻译技巧，从而使译文在忠实于原文的同时，达到“通顺”的标准。
词汇翻译的技巧很多，归纳起来主要有移植法、增减法、词汇转类法、反译法、分译法和释译法等。
4.1 移植法：在译文中直接借用原文词语。
移植分为直接移植和音译两种情况一、直接移植：将原文中的词语原封不动地挪用过来，多应用于科技翻译和新闻媒体中。
例如：1 ）KTV; DISCO; IQ; EQ; AQ二、音译transliterate用一种语言文字写出或读出另一种语言的词和词组的发音。
音译适用以下范围：（一）几乎所用的人名。
例如：Lincoln （林肯）；Churchill （丘吉尔）；Haughton （霍顿）；Shakespeare （莎士比亚）；Rambo （兰博）；曹雪芹（Cao Xueqin ）；鲁迅（Lu Xun ）；钱钟书（Qian Zhongshu ）（二）大多数地名。
例如：Australia （澳大利亚）；New York （纽约）；Atlanta （亚特兰大）；Miami （迈阿密）；泰安（Taian ）；山东（Shandong ）；注意: 港澳台地区与我国对国外人名地名翻译区别。
例如：Reagon （雷根）；Kennedy （甘乃迪）；Bush （布希）；Sydney （雪梨）；New Zealand （纽西兰）；Hollywood （荷里活）（三）译入语原来没有的事物，包括科技新词、某些商标与文化词等。
例如：Dink （丁克）；Yippie （雅皮士）；Hippie （嬉皮士）；Sauna （桑那）；Shock (therapy) （休克疗法）；金华（火腿）（JINHUA ）；麻将（mahjong ）；磕头（kowtow ）；功夫（kungfu ）；茅台（Maotai ）；阴阳（yin yang ）；饺子（jiaozi ）有时音译比意译要显得形象, 如:’talk show’音译为“脱口秀”，而不译成“访谈节目”；“download”, “modem”不过，音译往往是不得已而为之，音译过来的东西往往无法从字面上看出其内涵，有时会使译文读者产生文化隔阂，导致理解上的困难。
第四章翻译技巧
• • • •
•
（1）It was Friday and soon they'd go out and get drunk. 星期五发薪日到了，他们马上就要上街去喝得酩 酊大醉。
（星期五[Friday]为英国的发薪日。如不解释，译入语读 者就不会明白英国人为什么要在这一天上街去大吃大喝）
（2）While it may seem to be painting the lily, I should like to add somewhat to Mr.Alistair Cooke's excellent article. 我想给阿利斯太尔· 库克先生的杰作稍加几笔，尽 管这也许是为百合花上色，费力不讨好。 （在西方人眼里，百合花是高贵、贞洁、美丽的象征，
他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理学。（动词） 2) In the sunbeam passing through the window there are fine grains of dust shining like gold.
在射入窗内的阳光里，细微的尘埃象金子一般在闪
闪发光。（前置词）
3) Like knows like.
[1][2][3][4][5]
4 词义的引申
• 词义的引申是指在一个词所具有的原始意 义的基础上，根据上下文和逻辑关系进一 步加以引申，选择适当确切的目标语词语 来表达，避免生搬硬套地逐句死译，使译 文更加通顺流畅。 • 由于英语词义对上下文的依赖性强，可变 性大，因此词义引申对英译汉尤为重要。 当然，词义的引申不得超出原始意义所允 许的范围。
音译加注指音译后附加解释性注释
• • 可采用 脚注，还可二者合用。例如： cartoon 卡通片 Hamburger 汉堡包 Benz 奔驰车 clone 克隆（一种无性繁殖方法） sauna 桑那浴（源于芬兰的一种蒸汽浴）
英汉互译第四章翻译技巧
3 词义的选择
英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。一词 多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意义。 一词多义就是说同一个词在同一个词类中，又往往有几个不 同的词义。在英汉翻译过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后就要 善于选择和确定原句中关键词的词义。选择和确定词义通常 从以下几个方面着手：
as drunk as a fiddler 酩酊大醉 （在古英格兰,民间小提琴手在公共场合为舞 蹈伴奏,人们往往以酒酬谢,因此往往会喝得 大醉.后人用此成语时,常常重意不重形与典, 因此,不必直译为 "像小提琴手一样酩酊大醉 ",采用释义法即可.）
bring down the house 全场喝彩 (不能直译为 "把房子都弄倒了")
第四章 翻译技巧1
• • • • • 加注 释义 词义的选择 词义的引申 词义的褒贬
1. 加注(annotation)
由于英汉文化存在许多差异，因此译入语 中某些文化词语在译出语中根本就没有对 等词，形成了词义上的空缺。在这种情况 下，英汉互译时常常要采用加注法来弥补 空缺。加注通常可以用来补充诸如背景材 料、词语起源等相关信息，便于读者理解。 加注法可分为音译加注和直译加注两种。
下海 jumping into the sea of business (若直译为 jumping into the sea容易引起误解) 拜堂 perform the marriage ceremony
（1） It's not easy to become a member of that club-they want people who have plenty of money to spend, not just every Tom, Dick, and Harry. 要参加那个俱乐部并非易事──他们只吸收手头阔 绰的人，而不是普通百姓。 （Tom, Dick, Harry都是英美常见的人名，这里泛指 任何人，相当于汉语中的"张三、李四、王五"。 所以，这里不宜直译为"汤姆、迪克、哈里"。）
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第四章翻译的技巧Skills in Translation.课堂互动2：翻译句子（参考译文）1.The sky turned to a tender pallet of pink and blue.【译文】天空变成了一块由粉红色和蓝色构成的色彩柔和的调色板。
2. She had never let him know—never breathed a word.【译文】她根本就没让他知道，从未透露过真情。
3.The president now is on a poverty tour.【译文】总统目前正在访问贫困地区。
4. She doctored in the countryside.【译文】她在农村当医生。
5. The old man carefully doctored the split in the cane chair.【译文】老人仔细修补藤椅上的裂口。
6. The mayor of New York City is the Time magazine’s 2001 Person of the Year.【译文】纽约市市长是2001年《时代》杂志的风云人物。
7. The girls all like Bob because he is a football captain. Nothing succeeds like success.【译文】所有的女孩子都喜欢鲍伯，因为他是个足球队长。
有本事又有人缘。
8. An expensive failure can be made into an asset if you’ve learnt from it, but Monsanto still has some learning to do.【译文】失败的代价虽然昂贵，然而只要你能从中汲取教训，那也是一笔财富。
不过，曼山托公司仍然需要总结教训。
9．In the social production which men carry on they enter into definite relations that are indispensable and independent of their will; these relations of production correspond to a definite stage of development of their material powers of production.【译文】人们在自己生活的社会生产中发生一定的、必然的、不以其意志为转移的关系，即同他们的物质生产力的一定发展阶段相适合的生产关系。
The sum total of these relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society —the real foundation on which rise legal and political superstructures and to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness.【续】这些生产关系的总和构成社会的经济结构，即有法律的和政治的上层建筑建立其上，并有一定的社会意识形式与之相适应的现实基础。
The mode of production in material life determines the general character of the social, political and spiritual processes of life. It is not the consciousness of men that determines their existence, but, on the contrary, their social existence determines their consciousness. (Karl Marx: A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy)续】物质生活的生产方式制约着整个社会生活、政治生活和精神生活的过程。
不是人们的意识决定人们的存在，相反，是人们的社会存在决定人们的意识。
（卡尔·马克思《政治经济学批判》）10. There is no month in the whole year, in which nature wears a more beautiful appearance than in the month of August. Spring has many beauties, and May is a fresh and blooming month；but the charms of this time of year are enhanced by their contrast with the winter season. August has no such advantage. It comes when we remember nothing but clear skies, green fields and sweet-smelling flowers —when the recollection of snow, and ice, and bleak winds, has fadedfrom our minds as completely as they have disappeared from the earth —and yet what a pleasant time it is!【译文】一年之中，八月的自然景色最美。
春天固然美景多多，五月清新，鲜花艳丽，但此乃冬天的反衬所致，八月却不然。
八月来临，寒风未至，雪冰无踪，记忆中只是令人愉悦的时光啊！晴朗的天空、碧绿的田野还有那芬芳的花朵。
Orchards and corn-fields ring with the hum of labor; trees bend beneath the thick clusters of rich fruit which bow their branches to the ground; and the corn, piled in graceful sheaves, or waving in every light breath that sweeps above it, as if it wooed the sickle, tinges the landscape with a golden hue. A mellow softness appears to hang over the whole earth; the influence of the season seems to extend itself to the very wagon, whose slow motion across the well-reaped field, is perceptible only to the eye, but strikes with no harsh sound upon the ear. (Charles Dickens)【续】果园里和麦田间回荡着劳动的歌声，果实压满枝头，枝条弯腰垂地，枝条垂地；麦田一片金黄，已收割的庄稼束捆成摞，整整齐齐，未收割的随着阵阵微风曲腰扭肢，似乎向割镰求爱；大地呈现一派祥和、丰收的景象；这时令的气息似乎也触及到每辆大车，车轮慢慢压过收割过的田野，声音悦耳和谐。
课堂互动3：翻译句子（参考译文）1. We greatly appreciate your kindness.【译文】我们非常感谢你的好意。
2. Do you appreciate the difficulties involved in this undertaking?【译文】你是否意识到担任这项工作可能遇到的困难?3. We all appreciate a holiday after a year of hard work.【译文】我们全部体会到假日的乐趣。
4. He can appreciate classical music.【译文】他能够欣赏古典音乐。
5. His failure to answer question made the police suspicious.【译文】他不回答这一问题引起了警方的怀疑。
6. Man is extending his eyes with radar.【译文】人(人类)借助于雷达扩大视野。
7. It cost him a sight of trouble.【译文】这给他招来一大堆麻烦。
8. The instrument is of great interest, involving as it does a new principle of work.【译文】该仪器由于涉及新的工作原理而具有意义。
(as it does是个短语，意思是“实际上”，在句子中作状语)9．On the evening of December 12, 1944, a host of German generals, the senior field commanders on the Western front, were called to Rundstedt’s headquarters, stripped of their side arms and briefcases, packed into a bus, driven about the dark, snowy countryside for half an hour to make them lose their bearings, and finally deposited at the entrance to a deep underground bunker which turned out to be Hitler’s headquarters at Ziegenberg near Frankfurt.【译文】1944年12月12日晚上，西线的一批德军将领，都是战地高级指挥官，奉召到伦斯德司令部去。
他们交出了随身携带的武器和公文箱包，被推进一辆大轿车里，在乡间黑黝黝的雪地里坐了半小时的车，弄得晕头转向，最后给卸在一个很深的地堡的入口处，原来这是希特勒在法兰克福附近的泽根堡大本营。