复旦大学国际贸易International Trade课件英文原版(5)..
国际贸易英文PPT课件第1章
21.06.2021
华中科技大学经济学院 刘海云
14
2019年7月，ASEM会议的亚欧财长会议上，欧洲中央银行总裁德伊森 贝赫(Wim Duisenberg)和欧洲委员会主席普罗迪(Romano Prodi)也加 入了人民币升值论的合唱中。美欧官方的正式介入使得对人民币汇率 问题的争论进一步升温，《经济学家》、《华尔街日报》、《纽约时 报》、《金融时报》等西方主流媒体开始展开争执。国际货币基金组 织(IMF)、世界银行(WB)、以及国际清算银行(BIS)也纷纷发表意见。 包括蒙代尔(Robert Mundell)、克鲁格曼(Paul Krugman)、麦金农 (Ronald McKinnon)在内的一些著名经济学家，或以经济评论、或以专 业论文的形式展开讨论。
华中科技大学经济学院 刘海云
23
国际贸易的分类
按商品移动方向区分
出口贸易：是指把本国生产和加工的商品运往国外市场销售。 进口贸易：是指把外国生产和加工的商品输入国内市场销售。 复出口：是指外国商品输入国内，未经加工改制又再出口。 复进口：是指本国商品输往国外，未经加工改制又再进口。 过境贸易：甲国经过丙国向乙国出口商品，对丙国而言是过境贸易。
进出口统计的境界标 准
采用此标准的国家
国境
日本、英国、加拿大、澳 大利亚、中国、东欧等国
关境
德国、瑞士、意大利、 法国
21.06.2021
华中科技大学经济学院 刘海云
25
国际贸易的分类
按商品生产国和消费国之间有无第三国参与贸易区分
国际贸易的分类
按进出口统计的境界标准区分
总贸易（General Trade）：是指以国境作为进出口统计标准的 贸易，凡进入国境的商品一律列为进口，离开国境的商品一律列 为出口。
国际贸易实务(第五版)课件第1章 TRADE TRADES(中英对照)解析
B. All customs formalities for the export of goods
C. Deliver the goods to the carrier at the named place on the date or within the agreed period
THE SECTION ONE 1、THE DEFINITION OF TRADE TERMS
Example：国内报价：每吨1000元
国际报价: PER METRIC TON USD1000 FOB GUANGZHOU
The trade terms refer to using a brief English concept or abbreviation (缩写)of English letters to indicate the formation of the unit price and determine the responsibilities, expenses and risks borne(承担) by two parties as well as the time of the passing of the property in the goods.
2、使用DDP术语应注意的问题 （1）进口清关 （2）运输方式 （3）妥善办理投保事项
The second group：
Suitable for water transport modes 《INCOTERMS 2010》
一、FAS（Free alongside ship,船边交货）
This rule is to be used only for sea or inland wate rway transport. “Free Alongside Ship” means tha t the seller delivers when the goods are placed al ongside the vessel nominated by the buyer at the named port of shipment. The risk of loss of or da mage to the goods passes when the goods are al ongside the ship, and the buyer bears all costs fr om that moment onwards.
international_trade讲义PPT教学课件
• Industrialization, advanced transportation, globalization, multinational corporations, and outsourcing are all having a major impact on the
2020/12/10
2
• While international trade has been present ['preznt] throughout much of history, its economic, social, and political importance has been on the rise in recent centuries.
international trade, nations would be limited to the goods and services produced within their own borders.
• source: 来源，根源 economic revenue: 经济 收入(revenue: 收入，收益，税收) world power: 世界强国 be limited to: 局限于，被 限制在…上
• 意思：国际贸易增长对全球化的持续发展
是至关重要的。
2020/12/10
5
• International trade is a major source of
economic revenue for any nation that is considered a world power. Without
• 意思：国际贸易是指跨越各国国境或领土 的资本、货物和服务的交换活动。
国际贸易专业英语 全套课件283页PPT
countries? Do you know what new issues does the Dora Round
5. the Incoterm used to define the terms of delivery (making reference to Incoterms 2000)
6. How is the sale to be agreed, for instance, by letter of credit, open account, cash on delivery and so on?
7. Exporter accepts order.
8. Exporting company processes order and packages goods for export, making sure appropriate marking and labeling is used.
9. carriers and transport arranged for shipment of goods
Unit Eleven
Payment
Unit Twelve
Letter of Credit
Unit Thirteen
Transport and Logistics
1. the points of origin and destination of the cargo
2. The exporter ought to make reference to how the goods are to be packaged and marked for export in order to show the buyer that every precaution is taken to ensure the safe transit of the goods.
国际贸易双语教程英文版
国际贸易双语教程英文版IntroductionInternational trade is an essential part of the global economy. It involves the exchange of goods and services between countries. In this bilingual tutorial, we will provide an overview of international trade and explore its various aspects. This tutorial aims to help readers gain a thorough understanding of international trade concepts and terminology in English.1. Understanding International TradeInternational trade refers to the exchange of goods and services across international borders. It allows countries to specialize in producing goods and services that they can produce efficiently, ensuring maximum productivity and resource utilization. This leads to increased economic growth and welfare for participating nations.2. Benefits of International TradeInternational trade offers several advantages to participating countries. These benefits include:•Improved Efficiency: Countries can focus on producing goods and services that they can produce efficiently, increasing overall productivity.•Access to a Wider Range of Goods: Countries can import goods not produced domestically, allowing consumers access to a broader selection of products.•Expanding Markets: With international trade, businesses can reach new markets abroad, enabling them to grow and expand.•Economic Growth: International trade stimulates economic growth by promoting investment, job creation, and innovation.•Lower Costs: Countries can import goods at a lower cost than producing them domestically, leading to cost savings for consumers andbusinesses.3. Trade BarriersDespite the benefits of international trade, various barriers can hinder smooth trade operations. These barriers include:•Tariffs: Tariffs are taxes imposed on imported goods, increasing their prices and reducing demand.•Quotas: Quotas limit the quantity of goods that can be imported, restricting access to foreign markets.•Regulatory Barriers: These include regulations, standards, and certifications that goods must meet to enter a country, creating additional costs and hurdles for exporters.•Currency Barriers: Fluctuations in exchange rates can affect the competitiveness of goods in international markets.•Trade Restrictions: Embargoes, trade sanctions, and trade wars can further hinder international trade.4. International Trade AgreementsTo promote and regulate international trade, countries often engage in the negotiation and formation of trade agreements. These agreements aim to reduce trade barriers and create a more favorable trade environment. Some prominent international trade agreements include:•World Trade Organization (WTO): The WTO is a global organization that promotes free trade and resolves trade disputes amongmember countries.•Free Trade Agreements (FTAs): FTAs are agreements between countries that eliminate or reduce trade barriers among participating nations.•Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs): RTAs are trade agreements between countries within a specific geographic region.•Bilateral Agreements: Bilateral agreements are trade agreements between two countries, focusing on addressing trade barriers and promoting trade.•Multilateral Agreements: Multilateral agreements involve multiple countries negotiating and establishing trade rules and regulations.5. Trade DocumentationInternational trade involves significant documentation to ensure smooth and legal transactions between parties. Some essential trade documents include: •Commercial Invoice: An invoice that provides detailed information about the goods being sold, including quantity, price, and delivery terms.•Bill of Lading: It is a document issued by a carrier that acknowledges the receipt of goods for shipment.•Packing List: A detailed list of the contents and quantities of a shipment.•Certificate of Origin: It certifies the origin of the goods and is needed to claim preferential treatment under trade agreements.•Insurance Certificate: A document that confirms that goods are insured against loss or damage during transportation.•Customs Declaration: A document that provides information about the goods being imported or exported and helps calculate applicable customs duties and taxes.ConclusionInternational trade plays a crucial role in the global economy, enabling countries to benefit from specialization, economic growth, and improved welfare. This bilingual tutorial aimed to provide an overview of international trade in English, covering its various aspects from understanding the basics to trade barriers, agreements, and documentation. By understanding these concepts, readers can engage in international trade activities more effectively and confidently.。
复旦大学国际贸易International Trade课件英文原版(1)
Slide 1-3
Introduction
Huge reductions in transport costs；
Steam power: rail, steamships; Suez Canal 1869; refrigeration.
Improvements in communications
Submarine telegraph cables linking financial markets: English Channel in 1851,
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 1-7
Introduction
The study of international economics has never been
as important as it is now.
• At the beginning of the 21st century, nations are more
The Balance of Payments
• Some countries run large trade surpluses.
Slide 1-9
Introduction
Figure 1-2: Exports and Imports as Percentages of National Income in 1994
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 1-10
What is International Economics About?
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.
国际商务英语课文电子版lesson (5)
International trade can be defined as the exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another. In the complex economic world, no country can be completely self-sufficient. The distribution of natural resources is uneven. Some countries are abundant in resources, while elsewhere reserves are scarce or even nonexistent. And a country may be rich in some resources but poor in others. For instance, Britain has large reserves of coal but lackssome metal reserves. Kuwait has vast oil deposits but little farm produce. And Japan relies heavily on import for most of the primary commodities. That is the reason why international trade first began.With the development of manufacturing and technology, there arose another incentive (stimulating factor) for trade, i. e. international specialization—one country producing more of a commodity than it uses itself and selling the remainder to other countries. Suchspecialization constitutes an important basis for international trade.Absolute advantage and comparative advantage are two theories of international specialization. Both theories attempt to determine which goods a country should produce for itself and export to other countries and which goods it should import from other countries.The theory of absolute advantage holds that a commodity will be produced in the countrywhere it costs least in terms of resources(capital, land, and labor). This theory is illustrated in the following table. To be more illustrative, let us assume there are only two countries producing two commodities under perfect competition:Output per man-year of labourCountry A Country B Computers5010 Cars2040From the above table, we can see that a man in Country A canproduce 50 computers in a year but only 10 in Country B. On the other hand, one man in Country B can produce 40 cars in a year but only 20 in Country A. So Country A is more efficient in producing computers than Country B, and we say the former has an absolute advantage over the latter. Similarly, Country B is more efficient with cars and has an absolute advantage over Country A. As a result, Country A would specialize in the production of computers and trade some of themfor Country B’s cars, and Country B would s pecialize in cars and exchange some of them for Country A’s computers. Both countries will gain benefits through specialization and trade.But, according to the above theory, trade occurs only when each country has an absolute advantage over the other in the production of one commodity. In reality, it is not rare that one country has no absolute advantage in any commodity. Will trade occur in these cases? Thetheory of comparative advantage has offered a satisfactory answer to this question.The theory of comparative advantage holds that even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities, i. e. it has absolute disadvantage in producing both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade. The first country should specialize in the production and export of the commodity in which its absolutedisadvantage is smaller, i. e. the commodity of its comparative advantage, and import the commodity in which its absolute disadvantage is greater, i. e. the commodity of its comparative disadvantage. The above theory can be illustrated in this table:Output per man-year of labour Country A Country B Computer5010Cars4020The difference between this table and the previous one is thatCountry B has absolute disadvantage in the production of both computers and cars. Nevertheless, it still has a comparative advantage in cars since it is half as efficient in cars but 5 times less efficient in computers in comparison with Country A. On the other hand, Country A has absolute advantage over Country B in both computers and cars. However, we say it has comparative advantage in computers since it has greater absolute advantage in the commodity than in cars with respect to CountryB. According to the theory, both countries can gain if A specializes in computers and B specializes in cars. Where comparative advantage exists, two trading partners are both able to share in the gains from trade. Trade to exploit(tap) comparative advantage promotes efficiency among countries, since it can make one country better off (well-off - richer) without making another worse off.(poorer)Comparative advantage is not a static concept. A country maydevelop a particular comparative advantage purely through its own actions, independent of (without the influence of) the endowments of nature (natural resources). Switzerland’s comparative advantage in watch-making is a typical example. Similarly, the United States has developed comparative advantage in many lines (fields) that use the most up-to-date technology.The idea of absolute advantage as the basis for economicspecialization has a strong intuitive appeal. But the idea of comparative advantage introduced by the English economist David Ricardo makes more sense. Indeed it has become the cornerstone of modern thinking on international trade.。
Chapter 5 Price of Commodity 国际贸易实务双语教程(课件PPT)
Formula
Profit and Loss Ratio of Export Commodities= (RMB Net Income of Export Sales – Total Export Cost)/ Total Export Cost ×100%vious one Please calculate the profit and loss ratio
Case Study:
A trading company exports 10,000 units of arts and crafts which cost 300,000 Yuan (30 Yuan per unit), other domestic cost: 8000 RMB, expected profit: 10%, freight: 10 units/CTN, 1000 cartons, carton size: 255632, GW: 32KG NW: 30KG, the freight to Europe is calculated by W/M as 120 Dollars per ton. The price of 40 containers to Europe: 3500 Dollars, insurance by 11% of the invoice value against all risks at the premium rate of 0.8%, foreign sales price: USD4.85/PC CIF London. Please calculate the export exchange cost respectively by container and by cargo.
Case Study:
Chapter Five International Trade I
General rules for introduction • 1. A man is always introduced to a woman. • 2. A young person is always introduced to an older person. • 3.A less important person is always introduced to a more important person.
5.Salad fork - If a salad fork is used, it belongs to the left of the dinner fork. 6.Dinner fork - Placed to the left of the plate. No more than three forks to the left of the plate. If there are three forks, they are usually salad, fish, and meat, in order of use, from outside in. An oyster fork always goes to the right of the soup spoon. 7.Butter knife - Place horizontally on bread plate. 8.Dessert spoon - Above the plate. 9.Cake fork - Above the plate. 10.Dinner knife - To the right of the plate. Sometimes there are multiple knives, perhaps for meat, fish, and salad, in order of use from outside in. 11.Tea spoon - To the right of the dinner knife. 12.Soup spoon - If needed, to the right of the tea spoon. 13.Water glass - Just above the tip of the knife. 14.Red wine glass - To the right of the water glass. 15.White wine glass - To the right of the red wine glass. A glass of white wine is held on its stem to preserve the chill. It should be served at 45 to 55 degrees Fahrenheit.
国际贸易PPT(整理)
第1章国际贸易学绪论§1 国际贸易学的研究国际贸易（International Trade）指世界各国（或地区）之间在商品和服务方面的交换活动，它是各个国家（或地区）在国际分工的基础上相互联系的主要形式。
相似概念：对外贸易（Foreign Trade）、全球贸易（Global Trade）、世界贸易（World Trade）、海外贸易（Oversea Trade），国内贸易（Trade）。
国际货物贸易属商品交换范围，与国内贸易在性质上并无不同，但由于它是在不同国家或地区间进行的，所以与国内贸易相比具有以下特点：1.国际货物贸易要涉及不同国家或地区在政策措施、法律体系方面可能存在的差异和冲突，以及语言文化、社会习俗等方面带来的差异，所涉及的问题远比国内贸易复杂。
2.国际货物贸易的交易数量和金额一般较大，运输距离较远，履行时间较长，因此交易双方承担的风险远比国内贸易要大。
3.国际货物贸易容易受到交易双方所在国家的政治、经济变动，双边关系及国际局势变化等条件的影响。
4.国际货物贸易除了交易双方外，还需涉及到运输、保险、银行、商检、海关等部门的协作、配合，过程较国内贸易要复杂的多。
从统计边界上说，国际贸易是指进入或离开一国地理国界或者海关监督边界的商品交换。
EXAMPLE美国的跨国公司从国外的分美国在中国设立独资企业所生产的产品，在中国的市场上销售，是否属国际贸易？（否）支机构向母公司输入一批货物，属于跨国公司的内部贸易，它是否属于国际贸易？（是）出口贸易——一国将本国生产或加工的商品输出到其他国家或地区的活动。
进口贸易——一国将外国生产或加工的商品输入本国市场的活动。
ATTENTION：各国在进行对外贸易统计时，并不是把所有运出国境的货物都列为出口，也不是把所有运入国境的货物都列为进口，重要的判断依据是因为买卖关系而运进运出的货物。
EXAMPLE我们曾经在春节时候向台湾赠送的一对大熊猫（团团圆圆）？（否）每年故宫博物馆都要把一部分文物送出国展览？（否）对外贸易值——以货币表示的按现行价格计算的一国一定时期的对外贸易总额，称为对外贸易额或对外贸易值。
Chapter5PriceofCommodity国际贸易实务双语教程课件
5.2 Export Quotation Accounting in Trade Practice
Methods of Calculating Export Exchange Cost in China's Foreign Trade Practice
Export Quotation Accounting Export Counter-Offer Accounting
Formula
Profit and Loss Ratio of Export Commodities= (RMB Net Income of Export Sales – Total Export Cost)/ Total Export Cost ×100%
Case Study:
connected to the previous one Please calculate the profit and loss ratio
Formula
Foreign Exchange Earned through Export (Exchange Rate Appreciation) =(Export Foreign Exchnge Cost of Raw Materials)/ Foreign Exchange Cost of Raw Materials ×100%
463826,G.W.:36kg,N.W.:20kg. The buyer requires insurance covered all risks, premium rate 0.6%, and the foreign exchange rate of BOC: 1Dollar = 6.57 Yuan. Commission rate: 3%. The company charges a 10% profit rate at the price of USD7.52/PC CIFc3 London.
国贸英文版课件Ch.5 Tariffs
CHAPTER 5 IMPORT PROTECTION POLICY: TARIFFS
③ Competitive need criterion
Competitive need decision focuses on individual countries. For example, if a product that is imported from any one country exceeds 50% of the total quantity of U.S. imports from all countries, it will be removed just for the following year, and it will be removed just for that country. Similarly, products may also be removed from any one country if total imports from that country exceed a certain value. The EU, Japan and Australia take other similar measures like prior limitation to protect their domestic production and market.
⑤ Rulesபைடு நூலகம்of origin
Criteria needed to determine the national source of a product. To ensure that only the goods from the beneficiary countries receive the preference. (i) Rule of direct consignment： Be shipped directly from the beneficiary country to the importing country. If, however, due to geographic or shipment reasons, shipment via the third country or territory has to be made, the article must be under the custody of customs, and relevant certifications of transit must be provided.
国际贸易英文课件 (5)
ed by merchants or manufacturers. e.g. Coca Cola, Nike, C.K. Hugo Boss, etc.
• Political System: two dimensions
First degree
Second degree
1. Collectivism
1. Totalitarian
2. Individualism
2. Democratic
– Collectivism tend towards totalitarian
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total value of final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a year. GDP counts income according to where it is earned rather than who owns the factors of production. In the above example, all of the income from the (Germanowned) car factory would be counted as Belgian GDP rather than German GDP. To convert from GNP to GDP you must subtract net factor income receipts from foreigners that correspond to goods and services produced abroad using factor inputs supplied by domestic sources.
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Slide 5-11
A Standard Model of a Trading Economy
Figure 5-4: Effects of a Rise in the Relative Price of Cloth
Food production, QF
– Downward sloping – The farther up and to the right each lies, the higher the level of welfare to which it corresponds – Each gets flatter as we move to the right
Food production, QF
Indifference curves D Food imports Q
TT
Cloth exports
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.
Cloth production, QC
Slide 5-10
A Standard Model of a Trading Economy
• Differences in labor productivity (Ricardian model) • Differences in resources (specific factors model and
Heckscher-Ohlin model)
The standard trade model is a general model of trade
Relative Prices and Demand
• The value of an economy's consumption equals the
value of its production: PCQC + PFQF = PCDC + PFDF = V
• The economy’s choice of a point on the isovalue line
– Each country produces two goods, food (F) and cloth (C) – Each country’s production possibility frontier is a smooth curve (TT)
• The point on its production frontier at
Chapter 5 The Standard Trade Model
To Accompany International Economics: Theory and Policy, Sixth Edition by Paul R. Krugman and Maurice Obstfeld
Chapter Organization
Isovalue lines Q
TT Cloth production, QC
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 5-6
A Standard Model of a Trading Economy
Figure 5-2: How an Increase in the Relative Price of Cloth Affects Relative Supply
– Home (which exports cloth)
– Its terms of trade are measured by PC/PF – Its quantities of cloth and food produced are QC and QF
– Foreign (which exports food)
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 5-4
A Standard Model of a Trading Economy
Production Possibilities and Relative Supply
• Assumptions of the model:
– It is possible that the income effect will be so strong that when PC/PF rises, consumption of both goods actually rises, while the ratio of cloth consumption to food consumption falls.
– Its terms of trade are measured by PF/PC – Its quantities of cloth and food produced are Q*C and Q*F
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 5-14
that admits these models as special cases.
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 5-3
A Standard Model of a Trading Economy
The standard trade model is built on four key
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.
Slide 5-13
A Standard Model of a Trading Economy
Determining Relative Prices
• Suppose that the world economy consists of two countries:
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 5-5
A Standard Model of a Trading Economy
Figure 5-1: Relative Prices Determine the Economy’s Output
Food production, QF
A Standard Model of a Trading Economy
• Indifference curves
– Each traces a set of combinations of cloth (C) and food (F) consumption that leave the individual equally well off – They have three properties:
– The world relative supply curve (RS) is upward sloping because an increase in PC/PF leads both countries to produce more cloth and less food. – The world relative demand curve (RD) is downward sloping because an increase in PC/PF leads both countries to shift their consumption mix away from cloth toward food.
• Terms of trade
– The price of the good a country initially exports divided by the price of the good it initially imports. – A rise in the terms of trade increases a country’s welfare, while a decline in the terms of trade reduces its welfare.
Food production, QF
Q1
VV1(PC/PF)1
Q2
TT
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc.
VV2(PC/PF)2 Cloth production, QC
Slide 5-7
A Standard Model of a Trading Economy
D2
D1
Q1 Q2 VV1(PC/PF)1 TT VV2(PC/PF)2 Cloth production, QC
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 5-12
A Standard Model of a Trading Economy
The Welfare Effect of Changes in the Terms of Trade
relationships:
• Production possibility frontier and the relative supply
curve • Relative prices and relative demand • World relative supply and world relative demand • Terms of trade and national welfare
depends on the tastes of its consumers, which can be represented graphically by a series of indifference curves.
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. Slide 5-8