大学英语4第一单元讲义
新视野大学英语4：Unit1TextA（课文+译文）
新视野⼤学英语4：Unit1TextA（课⽂+译⽂）新视野⼤学英语4：Unit1 Text A (课⽂+译⽂) 你知道新视野⼤学英语4：Unit1 Text A都讲哪些内容吗?下⾯是yjbys⼩编为⼤家带来的新视野⼤学英语4：Unit1 Text A，欢迎阅读。
Love and logic : the story of a fallacy 爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事 1.I had my first date with Polly after I mad the trade with my roommate Rob .That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn’t stand the idea of being the only football player who didn’t ,so he made a pact that he’d give me his girl in exchange for my jacket.He wasn’t the brightest guy.Polly wasn’t too shrewd,either. 1.在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第⼀次约会。
那⼀年校园⾥每个⼈都有件⽪夹克，⽽罗伯是校⾜球队员中唯⼀⼀个没有⽪夹克的，他⼀想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了⼀项协议，⽤他的⼥友换取我的夹克;他可不那么聪明，⽽他的⼥友波莉也不太精明。
2.But she was pretty,well-off,didn’t dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged,brilliant lawyer.IF I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant,well-spoken counterpart by my side,I just might edge past the competition. 2.但她漂亮⽽且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜⾊或是化很浓的妆。
新视野大学英语第三版第四册Unit 1单词讲解
N
the bottom part of a tree left in the ground after the rest has fallen or been cut down
树墩；树桩
5. conversion
N 1.[ UC] ~ (from sth) (into/to sth)the act or process of
•ingenious ways of saving energy
节约能源的巧妙方法
2.( of a person 人 ) having a lot of clever new ideas and good at inventing things
心灵手巧的；机敏的；善于创造发明的
•an ingenious cook 心灵手巧的厨师
2.[ VN] to see or hear sth, but not very clearly （依稀）看出，分辨出，听出 SYN make out •We could just discern the house in the distance. 我们只能勉强分辨出远处的房子。
8. crumble
为……定日期 短语逆译 set a date for
短语应用
她尚未定下她结婚的日期。
意群提示
(marriage) She hasn’t yet set a date for her marriage.
唤起；吸引
短语逆译
appeal to
短语应用
这所大学拥有许多世界知名的专家、教授以及世界 上最好的研究图书馆，因此吸引了来自世界各地的 学子和研究人员。
N
2. ( formal ) a statement that expresses an opinion
新视野大学英语第四册第一单元Section A课件
Listen to a short passage on logic, and fill in the missing information. Logic was studied in several ancient civilizations , including India, China, Persia and Greece. In the West, logic was established as a formal discipline by Aristotle, who gave it a fundamental place in philosophy. The study of logic was part of the classical trivium ( 三学科 ), which also included grammar and rhetoric.
Logic and Fallacy
1. What is a fallacy? And how is it used?
• An error in reasoning that renders an argument logically invalid; • By accident or design, logical fallacies are often used in debate or propaganda; • To mislead people; • To distract people from the real issue for the purpose of winning an argument.
Pre-reading Activities
True or False
The following are some statements to test your
新视野大学英语4读写教程Unit1单词和词组ppt课件
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2. Pessimistic a. 悲观（主义）的
E.g.: The experts are pessimistic about our
chances of success.
专家们对我们成功的可能性持悲观态度。
Extended：pessimism 悲观，悲观主义
pessimist 悲观的人，悲观主义者
opposite： optimistic 乐观（主义）的
optimism 乐观，乐观主义
optimist 乐观的人，乐观主义者
.
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3. Conquest n. (1) [u]征服，占领the act of taking control of a
E.g.: The water supply was contaminated by the chemicals.
水源受到了化学物质的污染。
E.g.: The violent movies will contaminate the minds of young people.
暴力电影会沾染青少年的思想。
E.g.: We went to Paris on the spur of the moment. 我们一时兴起就到巴黎去了。
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7. Drown v.沉浸于,使淹死
E.g.: The country is drowning in debt. 这个国家债台高筑。
E.g.: We were drowning in data but starved of information.
have a sexual relationship with you
大学英语精读4第三版unit1ppt课件
1. Do you think man lives in harmony with nature now? 2. Do you thiห้องสมุดไป่ตู้k that man has been destroying nature?
Could you give some examples? 3. What do you think we should do to preserve nature?
Click Picture
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Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better.
— William Hazlitt
Interpretation: As a writer, Hazlitt urges us to love and appreciate nature heart and soul.
If the world warms by 6 degrees, from a distance
the _oc_e_a_n_s may appear bright blue, but they are marine wastelands. Deserts _m_a_r_ch_ across continents like conquering armies. _N_a_tu_ra_l_d_is_a_s_te_rs_ become common events. Some of the world’s great cities are _flo_o_d_e_d and
click here
新视野大学英语第四册第一单元课件
however, does not often last long. They fall back to reality as fast as they had _o_r_ig_i_n_a_lly_ risen above it all.
Supporting Details
Conclusion
Para. 1 Para. 2 ~ 8 Para. 9
4 Su1 pporting Details (Para. 2 ~ 8)
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Text Study—Summary
III. Summary
Have you ever known anyone famous? If so, you may have
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Understanding -- Questions to Comprehension
5. Why does the author adopt the example of Oscar
Wilde’s uncompromising behavior?
Reference Words: pay a heavy price for remaining
financially and emotionally. The only real winners are those
who are happy to be back on the ground with the rest of us.
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Active Expressions Focus Study
be hard-pressed to do sth. 做某事有困难
大学英语第四册第一单元
uncompromising:
unwilling to change one’s opinions or behavior adj.不妥协的；不让步的 eg. She often takes a hard, uncompromising attitude. 她常采取强硬的不妥协的态度。
Phrase:uncompromising Integrity 坚 持原则；诚信经营
sue:
make a legal claim against sb.，esp. for money vt.起诉；控告 同近义词：law, accuse sb. of sth. Phrases：sue for 控告 sue out 向法院请求得到 eg. Are you really going to sue them? 你真的要控告他们吗?
You would have difficulty listing many names of artists who have not given up their principles in order to please their audiences How we and still succeeded in their careers.
New words
Phrases and expressions
Explaining
difficult sentences
New words
contaminate:
make sth. dirty or poisonous vt.污染； 弄脏 同近义词:
poison, pollute,soil,mud,dirty,spot eg. All over the world, oil spill regularly contaminate coasts. 在世界各地，油溢出物经常污染着海岸。
新编大学实用英语教程第四册Unit 1课文讲解
He was from England and I was from America. We started chatting about things like common interests, weather and things like that. One night he asked me for a picture, so I sent one to him. Later he started to call me on the telephone and we talked almost every night about everything under the sun. Finally he got a picture of himself online and sent it to me. He was beautiful beyond words.
What do you think of online love? We can’t be more prudent/cautious/careful.
He Is the Best Thing in Life that Happened to Me 遇到他是我一生中最美妙的事情
Our story started out about two and a half years ago. I had just bought my computer and was messing around on it one night, when out of the blue I received an instant message from Matt. I didn’t recognize the name so I didn’t answer. A few nights later the same thing happened. I didn’t know who this person was, so I wouldn’t respond. Well, after the 5th time of this happening finally I answered, never in a million years knowing things would eventually turn out like they are now.
新视野大学英语第四册第一单元教案
课堂设计主要内容拟用表达方式Unit1 TheFirstTwoPeriodsStep 1: Warm-up 20m Questioning & DiscussingStep2: Structure 10m LecturingStep 3: Language points and Difficult Sentences 30mLecturing, Questioning &Giving Examples Step 4: Comprehension of the Text 15m Questioning & DiscussingStep 5: Text Structure Analysis (Writing WaysMentioned in the Passage in Section A)10m LecturingStep 6: Summarize the passage orally 10m Questioning & DiscussingStep 7: Homework 5m LecturingTheSecondPeriodsStep 1: Revision of the key words and phrases inSection A10mLecturing, Questioning &Giving Examples Step 2: Exercises (V ocabulary, Translation, EssaySummary in Section A)35m Questioning & Discussing Step 3: Reading Skills (The Passage in Section B) 50mLecturing, Questioning &Giving Examples Step 4: Homework Assignment 5m LecturingTheThirdTwoPeriodsStep 1: Revision of the reading skills, key wordsand phrases in Section B10mLecturing, Questioning &Giving Examples Step 2: Test One (自主测试)15m Questioning & DiscussingStep 3: Listening 40m Listening & QuestioningStep 4: Speaking 30m Questioning & DiscussingStep 5: Homework Assignment 5m Lecturing教学过程The First Two PeriodsStep 1: Warm-up (20m)1. What is temptation? Do you have the experience of being tempted?2. If you were a married man or woman, you find a man or a woman who is very attractive to you, what would you do?3. How do you deal with a quiet stranger? Are you a sensible person or an emotional person? What is your moral standard?Step2: Structure (10m)Part I (Para 1): The general situation of the story, also the starting point of the story. Mrs. Baroda was a little annoyed that her husband’s friend--- Gouvernail, was to spend a week or two on their plantation.Part II (Paras2—10): What happened and Mrs. Baroda’s impressions of her guest.Part III (Para 11--19): What happened that night and some sort of emotional change in Mrs. Baroda but all this came along with a succession of actions.Part IV (Par20): What happened the day after “that night”. Next morning, Mrs. Baroda took an early train without even saying farewell. She did not return until Gouvernail was gonePart V (Par21): What happened during the time after “that night”. Durin g the summer that followed, Mr. Baroda greatly desired that his friend come to visit them again but this was vigorously opposed by Mrs. Baroda.Part VI (Par22--24): Before the year ended, Mr. Baroda was surprised and delighted to hear that Mrs. Baroda proposed to have Gouvernail visit them again as she had overcome everything--- the temptation.Step 3: Language points and Difficult Sentences (30m)Part I: Difficult Words and Phrases1. temptation :un. the action of tempting sb. or the state of being temptede.g. If you can’t resist buying things, shop by telephone to avoid temptation.cn. a thing that tempts or attracts sb.e.g. The bag of sweets on the table was too strong a temptation for the child to resist.e.g. Clever advertisements are just temptations to spend money.tempt : v. 1) persuade or try to persuade sb to do sth wrong or foolishe.g. He was tempted into making a false step.2) attract sb to have or do sthe.g. The warm weather tempted us to go for a swim.2. for the most part : in most cases; mostly (Para.2)e.g. For the most part the children are very healthy.e.g. The people of this town are , for the most part , quiet and well-behaved.3. Then she imposed her company upon him … (Para.2)impose one’s company/ones elf upon sb: force one’s company or oneself on sbe.g. Don’t impose your company on people who don’t want you .4. idle : adj. (Para.2)1) having no particular purposee.g. I don’t know why I asked – just idle curiosity .2) lazy; wasting time The First Two PeriodsStep 3: Language points and Difficult SentencesPart I: Difficult Words and Phrases 18. …of the days of keen ambitions and large intentions… (Para.16)keen :adj.1) extreme; strong; activee.g. He took a keen interest in domestic affairs.e.g. The children watched the clowns with keen delight. 2) eager; anxious to do things (on)e.g. He wasn’t keen on buying a car, but we talked him into it.e.g. He is very keen on the girl next door. syn : eager, anxious 3) (of points and edges) sharpe.g. The knife was old, but the blade had a keen edge. 4) active ; sensitive; sharpe.g. He had always kept a keen eye on what was happening around.syn: acute, aware, sensitive19. His words became ae.g. He is an idle, useless student .3) not working or operating productivelye.g. Owing to the electricity strike, a lot of factory workers were left idle .e.g. During the business depression half the machines in the factory were idle .5. …to press her atte mpt to penetrate the silence …(Para.2)penetrate : v. move into or throughe.g. Our eyes could not penetrate the darkness .e.g. Not many people managed to penetrate my disguise .penetration : n. the act or process of penetratinge.g. The company has had a successful first year at home but penetration of the international market has been slow .e.g. The heavier the arrow, the greater its penetration into the target.penetrative : adj. able to penetrate easily; intelligente.g. This is a penetrative analysis.compare:penetrating: a. (of the eye, sight, a question, etc)sharp and searching; (of a person, the mind, etc.) able to understand clearly and deeply; (of a sound) sharp and loude.g. He had an extraordinarily penetrating gaze.e.g. I was trying to think up another penetrating question.e.g. Her voice is so harsh and penetrating.6. for my part : as far as I am concerned; speaking for myself (Para.3)e.g. For my part, I don’t care who wins.e.g. I for my part still distrust you.7. …gathered h is arms around her waist and looked merrily into her troubled eyes . (Para.6)merrily : adv. in a cheerful way; cheerfullye.g. The children are playing in the garden merrily.merry : adj. happy; cheerful; bright and gaye.g. He wished them all a merry Christmas.e.g. We had a merry time at the party.8. “ Even I can never count upon how you are going to act under given conditions …”(Para.7)count upon / on : expect ; depend one.g. I didn’t count on John arriving so early.e.g. She can always be counted on for support.9. “ taking poor Gouvernail seriously and making a fuss about him …”(Para.7)make a fuss about : complain stronglye.g. I’m going to have to make a fuss about the service in this restaurant .e.g. There’s no point making a fuss about i t.10.But the poor fellow is run down by too much work now.(Para.9)run down : tire ; (cause to) be in an increasingly worse conditione.g. He is run down from working too hard.e.g. British manufacturing industry has been running down for years.11.“ You used to say he was a man of wit,” (Para.10)meaningless succession of verbs , nouns , adverbs … (Para.17)a succession of :a series ofe.g. A succession of one-man stalls offered soft drinks.e.g. The worst misfortune that befell her was to bear a succession of girls.20. …she only drank in the tones of his voice. (Para.17)drink in : be eager to accept (words or ideas) ; listen with attention toe.g. They drank in the sights and sounds of the city. e.g. The boy drank in every word of the sailor’s story of his adventures.21. But she did not yield to the temptation.yield to : give way ; cease opposition e.g. We will never yield to force.e.g. The government has not yielded to public opinion. 22. Besides being an upright and respectable woman she was also a very sensible one.wit : 1) un. clever and humorous expression of idease.g. Our teacher’s conversation is full of wit.e.g.His writings sparkle with wit.2) cn. a person who is skilled in using words in a clever and humorous waye.g. Oscar Wilde was a famous wit.3) n. intelligencee.g. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit .e.g. When she heard the explosion, she had the wit to telephone the police immediately.12. …that she might object to his presence. (Para.12)object to: opposee.g. I object to the plan on the grounds that it is too expensive.e.g. I strongly object to being treated like a child.13. …handing her a length of sheer white fabric …(Para.13)sheer:adj. 1) finely woven and almost transparente.g. sheer silk / sheer stockings2) complete ; thoroughe.g. He won his position by sheer ability.e.g. Such behavior was sheer foolishness.syn: absolute , complete , perfect , pure3) very steep ; almost verticale.g. The cliff is absolutely sheer.syn : steep, vertical14. He made some routine observations…(Para.14)observation:cn. remark or commente.g. She made some interesting observations on the current political scene.e.g. I wish to make a few general observations about your work so far.n. action of noticing or watchinge.g. This telescope is used for the observation of distant stars.e.g. The experiment is complicated and requires careful observation.observe : v. 1) watch carefullye.g. She observed a man walking on the opposite side of the way.syn : spy , note , notice , see , view2) pay attention to (rules)e.g. This law has been faithfully observed by the Italian government.3) remarke.g. The speaker observed that times had changed.15. Then as his gaze reached out into the darkness …(Para.14)gaze : n. long , steady looke.g. She turned her worried gaze from one person to the other.e.g. He turned his head away , feeling too ashamed to meet her gaze.v. look steadilye.g. She sat gazing out of the window.16. Gouvernail was in no sense a shy man . (Para.15)in no sense :not…at all (Para.19)upright : adj.1) honest , responsible and morale.g. An upright person is one who completely honest and fair.e.g. Beneath their upright dignity, the people were , at heart , warm and kindly.syn : honest , honourable2) in a vertical position ; erecte.g. There is only an upright piano in the room.e.g. I cannot stand upright any more. syn: erect , upstandingadv. straight up ; not bente.g. He placed the books upright in the bookcase.23. …but this desire yielded to his honorable wife’s vigorous opposition . (Para.21) honorable :adj. deserving , bringing or showing honor and respecte.g. The soldier received an honorable discharge at the end of the war.e.g. All work ise.g. They have in no sense been elected to represent the nation.compare :in a sense : partlye.g. You are right in a sense , but you don’t know all the facts.in one’s senses :in one’s normal state of min d ; sensiblee.g. No one in their right senses would let a small child go out alone.17. …his silence melted for the time .(Para.15)melt : v. 1) slowly go away or disappeare.g. The ship melted into the darkness.e.g. I don’t know where my money goes – it just seems to melt away.2) cause to become liquide.g. The snow soon melted away when the sun come out.e.g. The ice will melt when the sun shines on it.syn : dissolvePart II: Difficult Sentences1. Mrs. Baroda was a little annoyed to learn that her husband expected his friend, Gouvernail, up to spend a week or two on the plantation. (Para.1)--------Mrs. Baroda felt a bit angry when she knew that her husband wanted his friend Gouvernail to spend a week or two on the farm.2. After a few days with him, she could understand him no batter than at first. (Para.2)--------After a few days with him on her plantation, she knew no more about Gouvernail than at the very beginning.3. She imposed her company upon him, accompanying him in his idle walks to the mill. (Para.2)--------She forced him to accept her company no matter whether he likes it or not, talking aimless walks with him to the mill.4. to press her attempt to penetrate the silence in which he had unconsciously covered himself.(Para 2)--------and she tried to understand the reserve in which he had enveloped himself unintentionally.5. For my part, I find him a terrible nuisance. (Para.3)--------As far as I’m concerned, he annoys me a lot.6. he went on, “ taking poor Gouvernail seriously and m aking a fuss about him, the last thing he would desire or expect. (Para.7)--------He continued saying that she was paying too much attention to Gouvernail and showing too much anxiety about him. That was what Gouvernail dislike.7. She could gather nothing from them but the feeling of a distinct necessity to leave her home the next morning ( Para.11)--------She could only feel that it was definitely necessary for her to leave her home the next morning.8. He made some routine observations upon the unhealthy effect of the night breeze at that season. ( Para. 14)--------He made some regular comments on the negative effect of the night breeze of that season on people’s health.honorable. compare : honorary :adj. given as an honour e.g. The Prince came to receive an honorary fellowship from the college. 24. …truly he did not deserve it. (Para.23)deserve : be worthy of ; be fit fore.g. He felt that her praise of him was deserved .e.g. I have devoted four weekends to writing papers and now I feel I deserve a rest.syn : merit , rate25. …after pressinga long , tender kiss upon his lips …(Para.24) tender: adj. 1) gentle and loving e.g. Be tender towards the children .e.g. She sent her lover a tender glance which was caught by her husband . syn: fond , gentle , loving , mild , soft 2) easy to bite through ; softe.g. a piece of tender meat / tender colours3) painful ; sore ; sensitive to the9. Then as his gaze reached out into the darkness, he began to talk. ( Para.14)--------Then as he looked into the dark, he began to talk.10. Now, all there was left with him was a desire to be permitted to exist, with now and then a little breath of genuine life, such as he was breathing now. ( Para. 16)--------Now, he only hoped to be allowed to live, enjoying the genuine life as he was doing just then from time to time.Step 4: Comprehension of the Text (15m)Exercise II: Answer the following questions.Step 5: Text Structure Analysis (Writing Ways Mentioned in this Passage) (10m) Step 6: Summarize the passage orally (10m)Step 7: Homework (5m)Finish the exercises in Section A and preview the passage in Section BThe Second Two PeriodsStep 1:Revision of the key words and phrases in Section A (10m)Step 2: Exercises (Vocabulary, Word Building, Essay Summary in Section A) (35m)1. Vocabulary (Exercise III & Exercise IV in this unit)2.Word Building (Exercise VI & Exercise VII in this unit)3.Essay Summary (Exercise XII in this unit)Step 3: Reading Skills (The Passage in Section B) (50m)1. Talking about the reading skills in this unit.2. Doing the Exercise about reading skills.3. Language points and Difficult SentencesPart I: Difficult Words:1.be subjected to = make somebody experience or undergoe.g. He was subjected to severe criticism.2.take offense = feel upset or insultede.g. I hope you must not take offense at my frankness.3.look back on = remember what has happened in the paste.g. I like to look back on my high- school days, which were among the happiest in my life.4.obligation = a duty; a law, a promise, an influence, etc.e.g. We are under an obligation to help.5.get out of hand = become uncontrollablee.g. The situation is get out of hand.6.guarantee = promise to do sth.e.g. Many shopkeepers guarantee satisfaction to customers.7.in conjunction with = together withe.g. The moon is in conjunction with the sun.8.at will = as one wishese.g. Because our army was weak, the enemy attached at will.9.elastic = able to be changed; not fixede.g. The rules are elastic. (喻)10.passion = a strong feeling of hate, love, or angere.g. He's been known to fly into a passion without warning. touche.g. The wound is still very tender . e.g. Don’t mention his divorce –it’s a very tender subject .4. Comprehension of the TextExercise XVI: Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.Step 4:Homework Assignment (5m)Finish Test One (自主测试)The Third Two PeriodsStep 1: Revision of the reading skills, key words and phrases in Section B (10m) Step 2: Test One (自主测试) (15m)Part I V ocabulary and StructureSection B & Section CStep 3: Listening (40m)Listening Exercises in Unit One in Listening And Speaking BookStep 4: Speaking (30m)Speaking Tasks in Unit One in Listening And Speaking BookStep 5: Homework Assignment (5m)Preview the words and phrases in Section A in Unit 2.。
大学英语第四册新视野第一单元要点归纳
Unit 1 Man in the Realm of Nature1. Difficult Sentences1) (LL5~6) We are connected with nature by “blood ties” and we cannot live outside nature. What does “blood ties” refer to?(=It refers to such very close relationship as kinship.)Translate this sentence into Chinese.(我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。
)2) (LL8~9) Humanity converts nature’s wealth into the means of the cultural, historical life ofsociety.Translate this sentence into Chinese. (人类把自然资源转变为各种文化和社会历史的财富。
)3) (LL11~14) Not only has man transferred various species of plants and animals to differentclimatic conditions, he has also changed the shape and climate of his environmentand transformed plants and animals.Analyze the structure of this sentence.(=This is a compound sentence led by “not only…(but) also”. Th e firsthalf led by “not only” is the inverted structure.More examples:*Not only is Tom very clever, he is also very diligent.*Not only did he lose his bag, but he himself got lost.*Not only does he write the lyrics to the songs, but he also composes the music.Paraphrase this sentence.(=Man has shifted different kinds of plants and animals to areas with different climates from those of their original habitats. Moreover, man has transformed the shape and climate of his own environment and accordingly the plants and animals have also adapted themselves to the changes. )4) (LL 23~24) Nature with its elemental forces was regarded as somethinghostile to man.What can we learn from this sentence?(=We can learn that the power of nature is out of man’s c ontrol so that it is believed to be unfavorable to humanity.)Translate this sentence into Chinese. (大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。
21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册Unit1课文讲解
21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册Unit1课文讲解21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册Unit1课文讲解导语：作为一个年轻的男孩，爱因斯坦在学校做得很差，老师觉得他很慢。
年轻的拿破仑·波拿巴只是法国陆军数百名火炮中尉之一。
乔治·华盛顿少年，没有受过正规教育，正在接受训练，不是作为士兵，而是作为土地测量师。
谁是伟大的?下面这篇英语课文将详叙这方面的内容，欢迎阅读。
Pre-reading ActivitiesFirst ListeningBefore listening to the tape, have a quick look at the following words.genetics遗传学psychiatry精神病学persistent坚持不懈的Second ListeningListen to the tape again and then answer the following questions.1.What question did professor Simonton's research project seek to answer?2.What three personality traits of great people are mentioned?a) __________________________________________________________.b) __________________________________________________________.c) __________________________________________________________.3.What negative trait of "great" people is mentioned?4. Does professor Simonton believe that great people aremore often mentally ill than other people?Who Is Great?Michael RyanAs a young boy, Albert Einstein did so poorly in school that teachers thought he was slow. The young Napoleon Bonaparte was just one of hundreds of artillery lieutenants in the French Army. And the teenage George Washington, with little formal education, was being trained not as a soldier but as a land surveyor.Despite their unspectacular beginnings, each would go on to carve a place for himself in history. What was it that enabled them to become great? Were they born with something special? Or did their greatness have more to do with timing, devotion and, perhaps, an uncompromising personality?For decades, scientists have been asking such questions. And, in the past few years, they have found evidence to help explain why some people rise above, while others—similarly talented, perhaps—are left behind. Their findings could have implications for us all.Who is great? Defining who is great depends on how one measures success. But there are some criteria. "Someone who has made a lasting contribution to human civilization is great," said Dean Keith Simonton, a professor of psychology at the University of California at Davis and author of the 1994 book Greatness: Who Makes History and Why. But he added a word of caution: "Sometimes great people don't make it into the history books. A lot of women achieved great things or were influential but went unrecognized."In writing his book, Simonton combined historical knowledge about great figures with recent findings in genetics,psychiatry and the social sciences. The great figures he focused on include men and women who have won Nobel Prizes, led great nations or won wars, composed symphonies that have endured for centuries, or revolutionized science, philosophy, politics or the arts. Though he doesn't have a formula to define how or why certain people rise above (too many factors are involved), he has come up with a few common characteristics.A "never surrender" attitude. If great achievers share anything, said Simonton, it is an unrelenting drive to succeed. "There's a tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal," he explained. "But what comes out of the research is that there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes. It's a difference in degree. Greatness is built upon tremendous amounts of study, practice and devotion."He cited Winston Churchill, Britain's prime minister during World War II, as an example of a risk-taker who would never give up. Thrust into office when his country's morale was at its lowest, Churchill rose brilliantly to lead the British people. In a speech following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940, he inspired the nation when he said, "We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end...We shall never surrender."Can you be born great? In looking at Churchill's role in history—as well as the roles of other political and military leaders—Simonton discovered a striking pattern: "Firstborns and only children tend to make good leaders in time of crisis: They're used to taking charge. But middle-borns are better as peacetime leaders: They listen to different interest groups better and make the necessary compromises. Churchill, an only child, was typical. He was great in a crisis, but in peacetime he was not effective—not even popular."Timing is another factor. "If you took George Washington and put him in the 20th century he would go nowhere as a politician," Simonton declared. "He was not an effective public speaker, and he didn't like shaking hands with the public. On the other hand, I'm not sure Franklin Roosevelt would have done well in Washington's time. He wouldn't have had the radio to do his fireside chats."Can you be too smart? One surprise among Simonton's findings is that many political and military leaders have been bright but not overly so. Beyond a certain point, he explained, other factors, like the ability to communicate effectively, become more important than innate intelligence as measured by an IQ test. The most intelligent U.S. Presidents, for example—Thomas Jefferson, Woodrow Wilson and John F. Kennedy—had a hard time getting elected, Simonton said, while others with IQs closer to the average (such as Warren G. Harding) won by landslides. While political and economic factors also are involved, having a genius IQ is not necessary to be a great leader.In the sciences, those with "genius level" IQs do have a better chance at achieving recognition, added Simonton. Yet evidence also indicates that overcoming traditional ways of thinking may be just as important.He pointed to one recent study where college students were given a set of data and were asked to see if they could come up with a mathematical relation. Almost a third did. What they did not know was that they had just solved one of the most famous scientific equations in history: the Third Law of Planetary Motion, an equation that Johannes Kepler came up with in 1618.Kepler's genius, Simonton said, was not so much in solving a mathematical challenge. It was in thinking about the numbers ina unique way—applying his mathematical knowledge to his observations of planetary motion. It was his boldness that set him apart.Love your work. As a child, Einstein became fascinated with the way magnets are drawn to metal. "He couldn't stop thinking about this stuff," Simonton pointed out. "He became obsessed with problems in physics by the time he was 16, and he never stopped working on them. It's not surprising that he made major contributions by the time he was 26.""For most of us, it's not that we don't have the ability," Simonton added, "it's that we don't devote the time. You have to put in the effort and put up with all the frustrations and obstacles."Like other creative geniuses, Einstein was not motivated by a desire for fame, said Simonton. Instead, his obsession with his work was what set him apart.Where such drive comes from remains a mystery. But it is found in nearly all creative geniuses—whether or not their genius is acknowledged by contemporaries."Emily Dickinson was not recognized for her poetry until after her death," said Simonton. "But she was not writing for fame. The same can be said of James Joyce, who didn't spend a lot of time worrying about how many people would read Finnegans Wake."Today, researchers have evidence that an intrinsic passion for one's work is a key to rising above. In a 1985 study at Brandeis University conducted by Teresa Amabile, now a professor of business administration at Harvard University, a group of professional writers—none famous—were asked to write a short poem. Each writer was then randomly placed in one of threegroups: One group was asked to keep in mind the idea of writing for money; another was told to think about writing just for pleasure; and a third group was given no instruction at all.The poems then were submitted anonymously to a panel of professional writers for evaluation. The poetry written by people who thought about writing for money ranked lowest. Those who thought about writing just for pleasure did the best. "Motivation that comes from enjoying the work makes a significant difference, "Amabile said.New Wordsartilleryn. heavy guns, often mounted on wheels, used in fighting on land, branch of an army that uses these 火炮;大炮;炮兵(部队) surveyorn. a person whose job is to examine and record the area and features of a piece of land by measuring and calculating (土地)测量员;勘测员unspectaculara. ordinary; not exciting or special 不引人注意的;不惊人的spectaculara. (attracting attention because) impressive or extraordinary 引人注目的;出色的;与众不同的carvevt. 1. form (sth.) by cutting away material from wood or stone 雕刻;雕刻成2. build (one's career, reputation, etc.)by hard work 靠勤奋创(业)，靠勤奋树(名声)uncompromisinga. not ready to make any compromise; firm or unyielding. 不妥协的.，坚定的;不让步的influentiala. having a lot of influence on sb./sth. 有影响的;有权势的geneticsn. the scientific study of the ways in which different characteristics are passed from each generation of living things to the next 遗传学psychiatryn. the study and treatment of mental illness 精神病学;精神病治疗composevt. write (music, opera, poetry, etc.) 创作(音乐、歌剧、诗等) symphonyn. a long complex musical composition for a large orchestra, usu. in three or four parts 交响乐characteristicn. a typical feature or quality 特点unrelentinga. not becoming less strong or severe; continuous 不松懈的，不放慢的;持续的endowvt. provide (sb./sth.) with a good quality, ability, feature, etc. 给予，赋予super-normala. 超出一般的;超常的;非凡的amazinga. extremely good; esp. in a surprising and unexpected way 惊人的，令人吃惊的citevt. mention (sb./sth.) as an example or to support an argument; refer to 引用，引证;举出risk-takern. a person who dares to take risks 敢于冒险的人thrustvt. push (sth./sb./oneself) suddenly or violently (用力)推;强使moralen. state of confidence, enthusiasm, determination, etc. that a person or group has at a particular time 士气，精神状态brilliantlyad. in an outstanding manner 杰出地;才华横溢地Allieda. of the Allies (a group of countries fighting on the same side in a war, esp. those which fought with Britain in World Wars I and II) (第一次世界大战时期)协约国的;(第二次世界大战时期)同盟国的allyn. person, country, etc. joined with another in order to give help and support 同盟者;同盟国evacuationn. leaving a place of danger for a safer place 撤离;撤退evacuatev. 1. remove (sb.) from a place of danger to a safer place 撤退，撤出2. leave or withdraw from (a place) 撤离(某处)flagvi. become tired or weak; begin to lose enthusiasm or energy 疲乏;变弱;(热情、精力等)衰退，低落strikinga. attracting attention; unusual or interesting enough to be noticed 引人注目的;显著的，突出的firstbornn. a child born before other children 长子(或长女)peacetimen. a period when a country is not at war 和平时期firesiden. part of a room beside the fireplace, esp. considered as a warm comfortable place 壁炉旁chatn. a friendly informal conversation 闲谈，聊天fireside chat炉边亲切闲谈;(政治领袖在无线电或电视广播中)不拘形式的讲话innatea. (of a quality, feeling, etc.) in one's nature; possessed from birth 天生的landsliden. (竞选中)压倒多数的选票;一面倒的胜利equationn. 等式;方程(式)boldnessn. the state or quality of being confident and brave 勇敢，无畏bolda. confident and brave; daring 勇敢的，无畏的;敢作敢为的magnetn. a piece of iron or other material that can attract iron, either naturally or because of an electric current passed through it 磁铁obsessionn. the state of being obsessed 着迷contemporaryn. a person who lives or lived at the same time as another, usu. being roughly the same age 同代人;(几乎)同年龄的人a. belong to the same time; of the present time; modern 属于同一时代的;当代的;现代的poetryn. poems collectively or in general [总称]诗intrinsica. (of a value or quality) belonging naturally to sb./sth.; existing within sb./sth., rather than coming from outside 固有的;本质的;内在的randomlyad. without method or conscious choice 任意地，胡乱地submitvt. give (sth.) to sb./sth. so that it may be formally considered or so that a decision about it may be made 提交，呈递anonymouslyad. without revealing one's name 用匿名的方式evaluationn. the act of assessing or forming an idea of the amount, quality or value of sb./sth. 评价，评估Phrases and Expressionshave (sth., nothing, a lot, etc.) to do with sb./sth.be connected or concerned with sb./sth. to the extent specified 与某人 / 某事有(一些、毫无、很大)关系make historybe or do sth. so important or unusual that it will be recorded in history 创造历史，影响历史的进程;做出值得纪念(或载入史册的)事情rise abovebecome successful or outstanding 取得成功;出类拔萃leave behindcause to lag behind; surpass 把…丢在后面;超过focus onconcentrate on 集中于;着重于be endowed withnaturally have a good quality, ability, feature, etc. 天生具有come out oforiginate in or develop from 从…中获得;从…中发展而来build...uponbase ... on; use (sth.) as a foundation for further progress 把…建立在…上take chargetake control (of sth.); be responsible (for sth.) 掌管;负责go /get nowhereachieve no success or make no progress 不能成功;无进展set ... apartmake (sb./sth.) different from or superior to others 使显得突出，使显得与众不同put up withtolerate or bear (sb./sth.) 忍受，容忍Proper NamesMichael Ryan迈克尔·赖恩Napoleon Bonaparte拿破仑·波拿巴 (1769 — 1821, 法兰西第一帝国和百日王朝皇帝) George Washington乔治·华盛顿 (1732 — 1799, 美国第一任总统)Keith Simonton基思·西蒙顿Dunkirk敦刻尔克(法国北部港市)Franklin Roosevelt富兰克林·罗斯福 (1882 — 1945, 美国第三十二任总统)Thomas Jefferson托马斯·杰斐逊 (1743 — 1826, 美国第三任总统，《独立宣言》主要起草人)Woodrow Wilson伍德罗·威尔逊 (1856 — 1924, 美国第二十八任总统)Warren G. Harding沃伦·G·哈定 (1865 — 1923, 美国第二十九任总统)Johannes Kepler开普勒 (1571 — 1630, 德国天文学家和占星家)Emily Dickinson艾米莉·迪金森 (1830 — 1886, 美国女诗人，美国现代诗先驱者之一)James Joyce詹姆斯·乔伊斯 (1882 — 1941, 爱尔兰小说家，多用“意识流”手法，代表作《尤利西斯》)Finnegans Wake《为芬尼根守灵》(乔伊斯于 1939 年出版的最后一部小说)Brandeis布兰代斯大学 (马萨诸塞州)Teresa Amabile特蕾莎·阿玛贝尔下载全文下载文档。
新视野大学英语4第四版Unit1sectio
新视野大学英语4第四版Unit1sectio新视野大学英语4第四版Unit1sectionA教案Unit 1 Section ALove and logic: The story of a fallacyObjectives：To talk about love and logicTo further understand the textTo apply the phrases and patternsTo master the narrative essay writing skillContentsWarming-up ActivitiesText StudyLanguage ApplicationSummaryWarming-up ActivitiesLead-in1.What do you know about logic?When it comes to making a choice, many people tend to use rational and logical reasoning;Males are more rational than females;2. Do you think it is possible to deal with life in a completely rational and logical way?Rational world is not necessarily awonderful one;Rational individuals can make choices that are bad news for others;It is ridiculous to deal with love in a logical way.Pre-reading Activities1. The following are some statements to test your reasoningability. Tell whether the conclusions after the word “Therefore” are true (T), false (F), or uncertain (U). Write your answer on the line before each statement.num ber statements Trueorfalse1All odd numbers are integers (整数). All even numbersare integers. Therefore, all odd numbers are evennumbers.2 There are no dancers that aren’t slim and no singersthat aren’t dancers.Therefore, all singers areslim.3 A toothpick (牙签) is useful.Useful things are valuable.Therefore, atoothpick is valuable.Three pencils cost the same astwo erasers. Fourerasers cost thesame as one ruler. Therefore,pencilsare more expensivethan rulers.5 Class A has a higherenrollment than Class B. ClassC has a lowerenrollment than Class B.Therefore,Class A has a lowerenrollment than Class C.6 A fruit basket contains moreapples than lemons.There are morelemons in the basket thanoranges.Therefore, thebasket contains more applesthanoranges.7 Taking the train across town isquicker than takingthe bus. Taking thebus across town is slower thandriving a car.Therefore, taking the trainacross townis quicker thandriving a car.8 All the tulips in Zoe’s gardenare white. All the rosesin Zoe’s garden areyellow. Therefore, all theflowersin Zoe’s garden areeither white or yellow.2. Listen to a short passage on logic, and fill in the missing information.Cultural Background- Logic and Fallacy1. What is a fallacy? And how is it used?An error in reasoning that renders an argument logically invalid;By accident or design, logical fallacies are often used in debate or propaganda;To mislead people;To distract people from the real issue for the purpose of winning an argument.2. How many types of fallacy do you know?Red Herring (转移话题)/Begging theQuestion(循环论证)/Slippery Slope(滑坡谬误)/Bandwagon (从众谬误)/False Dilemma (伪两难谬误)/FalseCause (post hoc) (假因谬误)/AdHominem ( 人身攻击)/Appeal toAuthority (诉诸权威)/DictoSimpliciter (绝对判断)/HastyGeneralization (草率结论)/AdMisericordiam (文不对题)/FalseAnalogy (错误类比)Text Study1. Main idea and structureWhat did the narrator do with his roommateRob? (Para.1)They made a deal that the narratorgives Rob his leather jacket, and Rob,in exchange, gives the narrator hisgirlfriend.Why did the narrator want to have Polly ashis girl friend? (Paras. 2-3)Pretty, well-off, radiant;The right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer;Help the narrator in his competition with other applicants to some elite law firms.●Part I — Paras. 1–3The author sets the scene of the story by providing information about the four “wh-” word s: who, where, what, and why. “Who” refers to the narrator, his roommate Rob, and the beautiful girl Polly. “Where”refers to . “What”and “why” refer to what to do and why to do it: The narrator decides to make Polly “”because as a promisingly brilliant lawyer, he wants to have a girlfriend who is not only beautiful but also intelligent.●Part II — Paras. 4-25The narrator tries to help Polly become smarter by giving her lessons in logic. Altogether he spends five nights teaching Polly four logical fallacies , namely, Dicto Simpliciter,Hasty Generalization , Ad Misericordiam, False Analogy.●Part III — Paras. 26-43When asked to be the narrator’s girl friend, Polly refutes his arguments with the exact logical fallacies taught by him and refuses by making full disclosure that she is datingthe narrator simply because it is a trick she and Rob have decided to play on him in order to get his leather jacket .2. Structure of the textIntroduction to the story.The narrator and Rob make a deal: the exchange of a leather jacket for Polly. (Para. 1)Polly has some basicqualities to be the girlfriendof a lawyer.(Para. 2)Polly needs to be mademore intelligent. (Para. 3)Body (Development of the story)Why logic is important (Para. 4-8)The first logical fallacy taughtto Polly: DictoSimpliciter(Paras. 9-11)e second logicalfallacy taughtto Polly: HastyGeneralization(Paras. 12-15)The third logicalfallacy taught toPolly: AdMisericordiam(Paras. 16-21)The fourthlogical fallacytaught to Polly:False Analogy(Paras. 22-25)3. Summary of the textClimax & End“We make a pretty good couple.”HastyGeneraliza-tio n. (Paras. 26-30)“You don ’t have to eat a whole cake to know it ’s good.” False Analogy.(Paras. 31-32)“Please say you ’ll go out with me. I ’m nothing without you.” AdMisericordiam. (Paras. 33-35)“You know the things you learn in school don ’t have anything to do with real life.” Dicto Simpliciter. (Paras. 36-37) Climax of the story: Polly refuses to be the narrator ’s girlfriend.(Paras. 38-43) Love and logic: The story of a fallacyMy roommate Rob made a pact with me that he’d give me his girlfriend Polly in exchange for my jacket. And I agreed.Polly had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer like4. Practical phrasesPractical Phrases Specific Meanings Examples1. In exchange for…作为对……的交换In exchange for a peacefulenvironment for the futuregenerations, our revolutionarypredecessors shed their blood andeven sacrificed their precious lives.2. Set a date for为……定日期In order to achieve success, one hadbetter start immediately rather thanset dates for his/her efforts.3. Appeal to唤起；吸引This university boasts manyworld-famous experts, professors,and the world’s best researchlibrary, therefore, it appeals tostudents and researchers from allover the world.4. make/draw an analo gy between 在……之间作类比We often make an analogy betweenstudying and climbing a mountain:both of them require great effortsbefore you can reach the top.5. Make sth. out of sb./sth.使……变成……The aim of the military academy is to make qualified officers out of the young cadets after four years’ study and training.6. Give sb. the axe抛弃（恋人）；解雇If you continue playing yourprecious college years away, successwill give you the axe upongraduation.7. Be dripping with …满是……Though the beautiful lady isdripping with jewels, her words andactions are dripping with vulgarityand rudeness.5. Functional patternsFunctional Patterns Functions & Usages Examples1. If sb. could do …,sb. just might do …用于表达“假设”如果我能够让我所申请的顶尖律师事务所看到我身边伴随着一位光彩照人、谈吐优雅的另一半，我就很有可能在竞聘中以微弱优势获胜。
大学英语第四册第一课讲稿
⼤学英语第四册第⼀课讲稿Unit 1 Love of ReadingI Teaching PlanObjectives:Students will be able to:1. grasp the main idea and structure of the text;2. learn a few useful writing techniques such as a mixture of long and short sentences, simpleand complex structures, various openers, as well the proper deployment of details;3. master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;4. conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related-to the unit. Time allotmentPre-reading tasks1.T asks Ss the following questions on the recording: (5 minutes)---How did the speaker develop a love for reading? (The speaker grew up in a book-loving family where she saw a lot of reading and was read to a lot.)---Why does the speaker think it more advantageous for her children to learn from books than to learn from one teacher? (In books children may find there are many different opinions about a subject, while a teacher may only offer the opinion of his/her own. By reading books children can learn to think for themselves and form their own judgment.)2.Free writing: My First Favorite Book (20 minutes)1)Ss spend five minutes writing about their first favorite book in whatever way they like;2)Ss exchange what they have written with at least three other Ss;3)T asks some Ss about the favorite book of a fellow student.4)T may move on the Text A by saying: Books in our early years may exert great influence onour later life, as discovered by Eudora Welty, author of Text A.While-reading tasks1.T explores the title “One Writer’s Beginnings” with the class. T may ask Ss to think aboutwhy the author chose the title instead of “My Beginnings”or “This Writer’s Beginnings.”(The mention of the word “writer”can help to establish Welty’s professional identity. The choice of “one” rather than “this” is more a matter of style than substance, it simply looks/ sounds better.) (5 minutes)2.T explains to Ss the three-part structure of the text and dictates to them the key to Text AAnalysis Exercise 1. (10 minutes)3.T explains the language points in Part I and has Ss practice them. ( see Language Study) (15minutes)4.T explains the language points in Part II and has Ss practice them. (see Language Study) (45minutes)5.In part Ii, as a child, Eudora Welty divided the books in her family into four categories. T hasSs scan this part again and find out what they are. (books for the whole family, Father’s books, Mother’s books, “my” own books) (10 minutes)6.T explains the language points in Part III and has Ss practice them. (see Language Study) (10minutes)Post-reading tasks1.Learning about writing strategy (20 minutes)1)T guides Ss through Reading Strategy. Then, Ss go through Paras 1 and 6 to see howEudora Welty mixed long and short sentences, simple and complex structures, and various openers.2)Ss discuss Text Analysis Exercises 3 and 4 in pairs, and later some pairs report to class.2.T guides Ss through some after-text exercises. (35 minutes)3.T checks on Ss’ home reading (Text B) (3 minutes)4.Ss do Part IV: Theme-related Language Learning Tasks. (1 period)5.T asks Ss to prepare for the next unit: (2 minutes)1)do the pre-reading task;2)preview Text A.II. Cultural Notes1.Charles Dickens (1812---1870): an English writer of novels who combined great writing withthe ability to write popular stories full of interesting characters. His many books are mostly about life in Victorian England and often describe the harsh conditions in which poor people live. His early novels, which include Pickwick Papers and Oliver Twist, were written in parts for magazines. His later books include David Copperfield, A Tale of Two Cities and Great Expectations.2.Mark Twain(1835---1910): the leading US humorous writer of the 19th century. His realname was Samuel Langhorne Clemens. He is best known for the novels The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), but he also wrote travel books and essays, many of them based on his experiences of life on the Mississippi River. His other books include the historical novels The Prince and the Pauper (1882) and A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court (1889), and Life on the Mississippi (1889), an account of his early life.III Language Study1.tick: make light, regularly repeated sounds; put a small mark against (names, figures, etc.) toshow that sth. is correct.Example: While we waited the taxi’s meter kept ticking away.There was no sound except the clock ticking.All his answers had been ticked.N.Examples: The ticks seem to be coming from that bag over there.Put a tick in a box if you agree with this statement.2.rhythm: regular successions of weak and strong stresses, accents, sounds of movements (inspeech, music, dancing, etc.)Examples: You need a sense of rhythm to be a good dancer.Children are asked to dance to the rhythm of the drums.In rhythmExample: The young mother was rocking the cradle in rhythm.3.give sb. no peace: keep disturbing sb.Examples: The recent spread of SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) gave local people no peace. The naughty boy gave his parents no peace as he always made trouble.4.churn: beat and shake (cream) in a tub; make (butter) in this wayExamples: The village woman churned the milk until it turned into butter.Milk is churned to make butter when it is stirred forcefully and repeatedly.5.sob: draw in breath sharply and irregularly from sorrow or pain, esp. while crying; make asound like that of sobbing.Examples: I found her sobbing in the bedroom because she’d broken her favorite doll.You’re not going to help matters by lying there sobbing!She began to sob again, burying her face in the pillow.n. act or sound of sobbingExamples: I could hear her sobs from the next room.Her body shook with sobs.6.ambition: strong desire (to be or do sth); object of such a desireExamples: He has already achieved his main ambition in life---to become an astronaut.She doubts whether she’ll ever be able to fulfill her ambition.I’ve always had a burning(=very great) ambition to be a film director.The big house on the hill is my ambition.7.expressive: (esp. of words or a face) full of feeling and meaning (followed by of)Examples: Charlie Chaplin, the well-known comedian, had an expressive face.The final movement of Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony is expressive of joy.8.illiterate: unable to read or write; with little or no educationExamples: It is reported that a surprising percentage of the population in the town are illiterate.While primary school enrollment for girls now roughly equals that of boys, womenconstitute about two-thirds of the world’s one billion illiterate adults.9.salary: payment for regular employmentExamples: His aim is to find a job with an annual salary of $20,000.His net monthly salary is $1,500.She’s on quite a good/decent salary in her present job.He took a drop in(=accepted a lower) salary when he changed jobs.Cf. wage: a fixed amount of money that is paid, usually every week, to an employee, especially one who does work that needs physical skills or strength, rather than a job needing a college education.Examples: a very low/high wageAn hourly /daily/weekly wageHe gets/earns/is paid a good wage, because he works for a good employer.10.all the while: all the timeExamples: I was thinking you were hard at work and you were upstairs in bed all the while!That letter I was searching for was in my pocket all the while.11.sink into: indulge in, be absorbed intoExamples: As the months went by, he sank into a deep depression.She was furious with her boss and sank into fantasies of revenge.12.elope: (of a woman) run away from home with a lover, usually to et marriedExamples: As her parents didn’t allow her to get married, she decided to elope with her lover.It turned out that she eloped with her tutor.13.stay on: remain after the usual or expected time for leavingExamples: Susie flew back on the Monday but I stayed on for a couple of days.They stayed on after India became independent.14.beloved: dearly loved (followed by of/by)Examples: The rose is the most romantic of flowers, beloved of poets, singers, and artists.They lost their beloved nurse who sacrificed herself in fighting against SARS. 15.discourse: conversation; speech, lecture; treatiseExamples: The professor is preparing a discourse on recent developments in American speech.We rarely entered into discourse about anything more interesting than the weather.16.allot: make a distribution ofExamples: They allotted everyone a separate desk.They allotted a separate desk to everyone.They ministry of culture will be allotted about $6 million less this year.Three hours have been allotted to /for this task.The museum is planning to increase the amount of space allotted to modern art. 17.respectively: separately or in turn, and in the order mentionedExamples: In the 200 meters, Lily and Sarah came first and third respectively (=Lily won the race and Sarah was third). Their sons, Henry and Ben, were three and six respectively.18.moral: that which a story, event or experience teaches (followed by of/to); standards ofbehavior, principles of right and wrong (used in plural)Examples: The moral of/to the story is that honesty is always the best policy.Parents should be responsible for a child’s morals.It is certainly not true that all young people have no morals.Adj. concerning principles of right and wrong; good and virtuousExamples: It’s her moral obligation to tell the police what she knows.Is it true that today’s young people have lower moral standards than we had?19.engrave: cut or carve (lines, words, designs, etc.) on a hard surface; impress deeply(on the memory or mind)Examples: The jeweler skillfully engraved the initials on the ring.The bracelet was engraved with his name and date of birth.The look of hatred on his face is engraved on my memory for ever.20.illustration: pictures, diagrams, etc that are used to explain or reveal; using examples, data, quotes, etc to explain or show a point (followed by of)Examples: There are lots of colorful illustrations in each chapter.This delay is a perfect illustration of why we need a new computer system.An illustration of China’s dynamism is that a new company is formed in Shanghaievery 11 seconds.21.legend: old story handed down from the past, esp. one of doubtful truth; famous person Examples: Have you read the legend of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table? She was a legend in her own lifetime.22.flank: place at the side of or on either side ofExamples: The altar was flanked by two Christmas trees.We could se him taking a walk in the prison grounds sometimes, flanked by twoguards.N.Examples: She patted the horse’s flank affectionately.They decided to attack the enemy’s exposed right flank.23.go through fire and water: face great hardship and dangerExamples: Doctors and nurses went through fire and water to save SARS patients.The police went through fire and water to secure the local people.24.not hold a candle to: not nearly so good as, not to be compared toExamples: No one can hold a candle to her for fine artistic work.The pop music of today can’t hold a candle to the great songs of the 60s and 70s .25.in gratitude to : be thankful toExamples: The patient was in gratitude to his doctors’ good service.I was in gratitude to his help.26. initiate: give (sb.) elementary instruction (used in the pattern: initiate sb. into); set(sth.)workingExamples: The teacher initiated his students into the study of the traffic problem of the city.The government has recently initiated a massive new house-building program. 27. by way of: via, through Examples: He contacted me by way of email.Why don’t you travel to London by way of Paris?28. inward: deep in mind or soul; situated within, innerExamples: He never revealed his inward feelings.His latest CD gives us a thoughtful and inward interpretation of the music.The inward organs of the human body29. reside: live; be presentExamples: All full time students must reside in university halls of residence.The power to sack employees resides in the Board of Directors.。
大学英语精读第四册第一单元课件[1]
![大学英语精读第四册第一单元课件[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/fa69c8060740be1e650e9a68.png)
Before Reading
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Size: It has more than 500 retail stores and 700 catalog stores across the USA. Rank: It ranks as the second largest mail-order firm in the world. Important Events: 1) In 1872, the nation’s first mail-order house was established, providing merchandise for a largely agricultural market. 2) In 1926, the first retail store was established. 3) On August 2, 1985, the first mail-order catalog in the United States, the Montgomery Ward & Company catalog, which began in 1872, was discontinued due to increasing costs.
The father persuades boys to get a job. The boys get a job to hand-deliver ads because of a newspaper strike. The boys get into a difficult situation.
■
Before Reading
Global Reading
新视野大学英语4课件unit(1)
Key
她现在正在给秘书口述一封信。 老师让班上的学生听写了一篇文章。
Words and Expressions—Word Using
4. dictate (sth.) to sb. v. ② to tell sb. exactly what to do or how to behave
Translation
2. commodity n. ② a substance or product that can be bought or sold
Translation
Commodity boom departed nearly as quickly as it arrived.
Key
商品繁荣来得快去得也快。
Words and Expressions—Word Using
4. dictate v. ① to say sth. for sb. else to write down
Translation
She’s dictating a letter to her secretary right now. The teacher dictated a passage to the class.
become unable to speak说不出话来 5) choke v.: stop or partly stop breathing窒息 Translation Anger choked his words. 他气得说不出话来。 他抓住她的脖子，差点使她窒息而死。
He grabbed her by the throat and almost choked the life out of her.
大学英语精读4unit1精品课件
B) She was neither for nor against it. C) She was all for it. D) She was pleased with it.
2)His policy in doing business is “Satisfaction guaranteed or your money back”.
Montgomery Ward & Company is a United States retail and mail-order concern. Across the United States the company has more than 500 retail stores and 700 catalog ['kætəlɔg] stores(通过商品 目录订购的商店）. The company was founded as a mail-order business in Chicago in 1872 by A. Montgomery Ward, who adopted the policy “Satisfaction guaranteed or your money back”. The first retail store was established in 1926.
Detailed Reading
“I don’t mind the indignity,” the older one answered. “I can live with it,” his brother agreed. “But it pains me,” I said, “to find that you both have been panhandling so long that it no longer embarrasses you.”
大学英语第四册-unit 1 课件
6
Reference to the Questions
c) However, the work-study balance is a difficult task to master. Most students don't have the money to attend school without working. They are forced to find a job that will help pay the bills. The real question is," When does work become detrimental to study?" For some it seems that many hours of work is fine, but for others it's too much to hack. Some sources suggest that students who work about twenty hours a week get the best grades. Those who work less often procrastinate or fail to focus on school assignments because they "think they have lots of time to finish". Students who work more than 20 hours tend to get too tired or don't have enough time to do good school work.
b)
Remember, the whole idea behind college is to advance to a higher level of education so one can get a better job. It might be wise to try and delay some materialistic desires, work less, and study more. Lots of studying and skill building increase the odds of your succeeding down the road.
大学英语读写译4的第一章课件
4
1
Text Study—Structure Analysis
II. Structure Analysis
Argumentation + Supporting Details + Conclusion
Argumentation Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Supporting Details Part 4 Part 5 Conclusion Para. 9
4
1
Notes to the Text—Focus Study
2. The public simply discounts styles other than those for which the artist has become famous.
Conclusion: The writer’s advice to those seeking fame and fortune. (Para. 9)
4
1
Text Study—Summary
III. Summary
Have you ever known anyone famous? If so, you may have found that they are remarkably similar to the rest of us. You object may have even heard them ________ to people saying there is anything different about them. “I’m really just a normal guy,” protests ________ an actor who has recently rocketed into the spotlight. There is, of course, usually a brief period when they actually worshipping start to believe they are as great as their __________ fans fancy suggest. They start to wear ______ clothes and talk as if everyone should hear what they have to say. This period, however, does not often last long. They fall back to reality as originally fast as they had ________ risen above it all.
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编号：01 姓名：冯飞凤学号：2012517375
注：以下例句皆为原创。
新视野大学英语（4）第一单元
一、agent ['eɪdʒənt]
N.
1. [C] 经纪人sb. whose job is to help an actor, artist, etc. find work
例句：1.A best-selling writer needs a good agent.
畅销书作家需要好的经纪人。
2.My agent has a new script for me to look at.
我的经纪人有一个新剧本要我看一看。
2.[C]作用者,原动力,动因; 作用剂 a person or thing that works to produce a result
例句：1.Soap is a cleansing agent.
肥皂是一种清洁剂。
2.Rain and sun are the agents which help plants to grow.
雨水和阳光是促进植物生长的原动力。
短语：travel agent
1.旅行社；旅行代理人，旅行代办人someone who sells or arranges trips or tours for customers
例句：1.You can do it from the comfort of your home office when you opt to become a travel agent.
如果你选择成为旅行社代理人的时候，你就可以在家里舒服的完成这些工作。
2.TravelAgent: All right. Well, letme checkwhatflightsare available that are goingout this afternoon.
旅行社代理人：好吧，噢，我先来看看今天下午出发的航班都有哪些。
二、hasten ['heɪsn]
Vt.
1.加快；加速make sth. happen sooner or more quickly
例句：1.An electric typewriter would hasten the work .
电动打字机会加速这项工作。
2. The girls had to hasten their steps to keep pace with his.
女孩子们得加快步子才能赶得上他。
3.Please hasten them to send the sample.
不要告别得那样匆忙。
2.act or move at high speed催促；使赶快，使赶紧
例句：1.Father hastened our going.
父亲催促我们快去。
同义词：hurry匆忙
rush冲
speed速
三、elevator ['elɪveɪtə(r)]
N.
[C] a machine that carries people or goods up and down in a building 电梯
例句：1.I go up by the elevator.
我搭电梯上去。
2.Her job is to operate an elevator.
她的工作是开电梯。
3.Could we get an elevator to the moon?
能不能造一个通往月球的电梯？
同义词：lift、moving
短语：take the elevator 乘电梯
例句：Whether you take the elevator to the top of the Hancock Tower or whether you walk up the stairs, the change in gravitational potential is identical.
不管你是乘电梯,去大厦的顶层,或者是步行，重力势能的变化是相同的。
同义词in an elevator
四、blur [blɜː(r)]
N.
1.[C] sth. that one cannot remember or see clearly 、sth whose shape is not clearly seen 模糊的记忆；模糊不清的事物
例句：1.The events of that day were just a blur.
那天所发生的事情简直就是一片模糊，记不清楚。
2.My memory of my childhood days is only a blur.
我对童年只有些模糊的记忆。
3.The events of that day were just a blur.
那天发生的事只剩一片模糊的记忆。
V.
1.vt. & vi. (使)变得模糊不清(cause to) become unclear or indistinct
例句：1.Do drunkards blur reality, or come closer to it?
酒醉之后是使现实模糊不清，还是更加接近现实了呢?
2.The damp paper caused the ink to blur.
潮纸因墨水弄上污渍。
3.Dust blurred my vision.
灰尘模糊了我的视线。
短语：Blur the line of sight模糊了视线
例句：1.The line between good and evilis beginning to blur.
善恶间的分界线已经变得模糊了。
2.My tears will blur the line of sight, the happy girl should beme, but we just missed.
我的眼泪一下就模糊了视线，那个幸福的女孩应该是我啊，可是我们就这样错过了。
五、idle ['aɪdl]
Adj.
1.not working or producing anything 、If people who were working are idle, they have no jobs or work.不工作的；闲着的
例句：1.The workers have been idle for the last six months.
在过去的六个月，这些工人们都闲着没事干。
2.No matter how rich, one shall not live an idle life.
不管一个人多么富有,都不应该过着闲散的生活。
2. (机器、工厂等)闲置的If machines or factories are idle, they are not working or being used.
例句：1.The machine stood idle for two months.
机器闲置了两个月
2.Now the machine is lying idle.
如今机器闲置着。
3.懒散的,无所事事的lazy, wasting time
例句：1.Idle folks have the least leisure.
懒惰的人最没空闲。
V.
1.vt. & vi. 虚度,闲逛waste time doing nothing
例句：1.I hate you to idle about.
我不喜欢你游手好闲。
短语：idle away 荒废，浪费，虚掷光阴
例句：1.Don't just idleaway your precioustime; settledown to some reading or something.
不要把大好时光浪费掉, 坐下来读点书或做点别的什么事儿.。