医学英语新教程 下册 重点单词及翻译打印版
代医学英语综合教程Ⅱ—关注健康英汉翻译
1. Snaking on nutritious food can keep your energy level high and your mind alert without taking up a lot of time(而不占用许多时间). 蜿蜒在营养的食物可以保持你的能量水平高和你的警觉心没有占用了大量的时间(而不占用许多时间)。
2. You can keep plenty of fresh fruit and veggies at home so you can grab them on the go(你能在忙碌时带上它们). 你可以保持足够的新鲜水果和蔬菜在家里所以你可以抓住他们去(你能在忙碌时带上它们)。
3. Tests have shown that girls tend to opt for languages (往往选择语言) whereas boys are more likely to study science or maths. 测试表明,女孩往往选择语言(往往选择语言)而男孩更容易学习科学和数学。
4. Many factors can contribute to high cholesterol(促使胆固醇增高), but the good news is there are things you can do to control them 很多因素能导致高胆固醇(促使胆固醇增高),但好消息是你可以做有些事情来控制他们5. Researchers have discovered that stress can predispose people to heart attacks(会使人易于心脏病发作) .5。
研究人员发现,压力会使人容易心脏病发作(会使人易于心脏病发作)。
6. If people aren't getting enough calcium in their diet, the body takes calcium from the bones to ensure normal cell function, which can lead to weakened bones (导致骨质变弱).7. Once you start keeping an eye out for (一旦你开始留意) recipes, you'll find them everywhere!6。
医学英语单词翻译
antiseptic防腐剂biochemistry生物化学dissection 解剖incontinent无节制的irregular不规则的malfunction故障microbiology微生物学outpatient门诊病人premature不成熟transmission传输ultrasound超声波cardiologist心脏病学家epidemic流行的functioning运作identify确定improvement改善lucidity明朗，清澈mechanism机制，原理medical医学palpitation心悸，跳动physician内科医师physiology生理学practitioner执业医师regulate规定resistance阻力，抵抗specialize专门从事，详细说明lens晶状体conjunctiva结膜cornea角膜femur股骨synovial membrane滑膜synovial fluid 滑液patella膝盖骨cartilage软骨tibia胫骨aorta主动脉right /left atrium右/左心房tricuspid valve三尖瓣mitral valve二尖瓣aortic valve主动脉瓣pulmonary valve肺动脉瓣ventricular valve室间隔right/left ventricle 右/左心室pulmonary artery肺动脉human anatomy人体解剖pharmacology药理学pathology病理学laser surgery激光手术scalpel解剖刀stagnant water停滞的水vaccination接种疫苗Unit2mass众多，聚集，质量waste废物，废弃disc圆盘joint关节，连接stool粪便，凳子，引诱loose变松，松散的labour分娩，劳动productive生产的，多产的medicated药制的，用药治疗episode发作性状，插曲carrier带菌者，载体murmur心脏杂音，低语patient病人mediation调解medic医师，医科学生medical医学的，体格检查medical examiner验尸员medically医学上的medicate用药治疗medication药物medicinal药用的medicine医学，药bypass绕开，忽视，旁路operate动手术，运作，操作circulation循环，流通flow流动，淹没dislodge驱逐，使……移动oxygenate氧化rejection抛弃，拒绝infection感染，传染，影响artery 动脉breastbone 胸骨capillary 毛细管collagen 胶原蛋白pelvis 骨盆platelet 血小板pump 泵rib 肋骨shoulder blade 肩胛骨vertebrae 椎骨vessel 血管cardiovascular 心血管cardiopathy 心脏病cardiologist 心脏病专家gastroenteritis 肠胃炎gastrointestinal 胃肠gastroscope 胃镜hyperglycaemic 高血糖症hypertension 高血压hyperventilate换气过度ingest 摄取intake 摄入internal 内部physical 物理physiology 生理学physiotherapy 物理治疗reproductive 生殖reshape 重塑trachea 气管epiglottis 会厌oesophagus 食管liver 肝diaphragm 隔膜pancreas 胰腺bile duct 胆管gall bladder 胆囊transverse colon 横结肠duodenum 十二指肠jejunum 空场ileum 回肠caecum 盲肠rectum 直肠ascending colon 升结肠appendix 附录sigmoid colon 乙状结肠marrow 骨髓lymphocyte 淋巴细胞monocyte 单核细胞eosinophil 嗜酸性细胞basophil 嗜碱性细胞neutrophil 嗜中性粒细胞coronary arteries 冠状动脉thigh 大腿thorax 胸腔elbow 肘abdomen 腹部wrist 手腕groin 腹股沟hip 臀部ankle 脚踝heel跟buttock 臀部sternum 胸骨frontal plane 正面图lateral plane 侧向平面transverse plane 横向平面superior 优越的inferior 劣质的lateral 横向的medial内侧proximal 近端distal 远端posterior 后anterior 前Unit4browse 浏览catalogue 目录cross-reference 交叉引用database 数据库exit/log off 退出，注销hyperlink 超链接index 指数journal 杂志log in/log on登陆Unit5abnormal 不正常的categories 类别detect 检测function 函数unnatural 不自然的variation 变异affluent 富裕的sedentary 久坐不动的unit6anatomical解剖contaminants污染物convent修道院destruction破坏envelope信封equatorial赤道generalized广义infection感染instructions指令metabolic代谢nucleus核replication复制separation分离specialize专业eliminate消除adverse不良soothing舒缓的therapeutic治疗toxic有毒substance物质biochemical生化molecular分子interact交互scientific科学relaxant松弛剂immobilize固定antiviral抗病毒chromosomes 染色体nucleus 核intestine 肠cytoplasmic membrane 胞质膜lipid envelope 脂质被膜nuclear envelope 核被摸telophase 末期metaphase 中期anaphase 后期1. Today, heart surgery is robotized incisions to the heart have been reduced to a minimum and patient recovery time is down from six months to a few weeks.今天，心脏手术使机械化的伤口降到最小并且病人恢复时间从6个月到几个星期。
优秀医学生必须掌握的医学英语基本词汇及汉语含义
优秀医学生必须掌握的医学英语基本词汇及汉语含义amino acid 氨基酸adrenergic receptor 肾上腺素(能)受体abdominal reflex 腹壁反射abdominal regions 腹部分区abdominal pressure 腹压abdominal pulse 腹主动脉搏动abortion 流产，坠胎Abrams’ heart reflex 艾布拉姆斯氏心反射，又称利维拉托（Livierato)反射。
刺激心前区皮肤引起心肌收缩，伴心浊音界缩小。
透视可见到心界缩小。
absolute temperature 绝对温度absorption 吸收acarid 螨accessory placenta 副胎盘accommodation of eye 眼调节acinar carcinoma 腺泡癌acne conglobata 聚会性痤疮[亦作conglobate acne]acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans 慢性萎缩性肢(端)皮炎active transport 主动转运acupuncture 针灸，针刺疗法acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis 急性出血性胰腺炎adaptation 适应adaptive enzyme 适应酶(inducible enzyme，induced enzyme诱导酶)adductor 内收肌adenosarcoma 腺肉瘤adnexitis (子宫)附件炎（=annexitis）adrenal cortex 肾上腺皮质adrenogenital syndrome 肾上腺性征异常征，肾上腺综合征，肾上腺生殖系综合征，伊森科-柯兴综合征aerosol 气雾剂，喷雾剂afferent loop syndrome 输入袢综合征agonist 激动剂，兴奋剂AIDS 艾滋病，爱滋病（Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome 获得性免疫缺陷综合征）albinism 白化病，白化症allantois [胚] 尿囊，尿膜allele 等位基因allergy 过敏(症)，变态反应alopecia areata 斑秃，斑形脱发，局限性脱发alveolar duct emphysema 肺泡管性气肿alveolar ventilation 肺泡通气，alveolar ventilation-perfusion imbalance肺泡通气与血流比例失调Alzheimer’s disease 阿尔茨海默病，老年痴呆症，阿兹海默症amaurotic cat’s eye 黑蒙性猫眼amniocentesis 羊膜穿刺术ampullary aneurysm 壶腹状动脉瘤, 囊状动脉瘤anaphase (细胞分裂)后期anastomosis 吻合(术)anesthesia 麻醉(anaesthesia)aneurysm 动脉瘤（aneurism）angina pectoris 心绞痛angiogram 血管造影片angiosarcoma 血管肉瘤Angle’s classification of malocclusion 安格氏矫正分类法（malocclusion 错位咬合，咬合不正）anneal 退火(核酸经退火后能与互补的核酸结合)anomalous uterus 异常子宫anoxia 缺氧(症)anteflexion (尤指子宫)前屈antegrade urography 顺行尿路造影(术)anthracosilicosis 煤矽肺，炭末石末沉着病[亦作 anthrasilicosis]antibiotic 抗生素antidepressant 抗抑郁剂(药)antigen 抗原antioncogene 抗癌基因aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄aperture diaphragm 光圈apex of heart 心尖(部位)Apgar score 阿普加(新生儿)评分appendix 阑尾arborvirus 虫媒病毒[蚊虫等节肢动物传染的病毒(脑炎、黄热病、登革热的病原体)]arches of the foot 足弓arcus aortae 主动脉弓areola 乳(房)晕, 色晕arterial arch of colon 结肠动脉弓arteriography 动脉造影术，动脉X线摄影，动脉搏描记法arteriovenous oxygen difference 动静脉氧差arthroplasty 关节成形术，关节造形术arthrosis 关节，关节病artificial pacemaker 人工(心脏)起搏器Ascaris lumbricoides 蛔虫ascending cervical artery 升颌动脉aspergilloma 曲霉菌球Aspergillus fumigatus 烟曲霉(菌)assisted reproductive technology ART，辅助生殖技术，人工生殖技术astigmatism 散光(亦作 astigmia)；像散性，像散现象astrocyte （脑和脊髓的)星形胶质细胞，星形细胞atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化；动脉硬化[复数atheroscleroses ]atrial septal defect (心)房中隔缺损atrial flutter 心房扑动atrial fibrillation 心房纤颤，房颤，心房纤维性颤动atrioventricular valve 房室瓣atrophic gastritis 萎缩性胃炎audiogram 听力图，听力敏度图，听阈曲线auditory pathway 听觉传导通路auscultation 听诊(法)autoantibody 自身抗体autonomic nervous system 自主神经系统，植物性神经系统autoplastic graft (=autograft) 自体移植物，自体组织移接，自体嫁接axon reflex 轴突反射azotemia 氮质血症baby 婴儿background radiation 本底辐射，背景辐射bacteriophage 噬菌体bacterium 细菌，杆菌属[ 复数bacteria ]Baker’s cyst 贝克氏囊肿(膝部囊肿，腘窝囊肿)barbiturate 巴比妥类药物(用作中枢神经系统抑制或安眠的药)，巴比妥酸盐Barrett’s syndrome Barrett's syndrome is a condition in which the esophagus, the muscular tube that carries food and saliva fro m the mouth to the stomach, forms new types of cells on its surface that are similar to those normally found in the intest ine.base pair 碱基对basilar lamina 基底，颅底，头盖骨底部basilar vertebra 基椎，末腰椎basophilia 嗜碱性，嗜碱细胞增多bilaminar blastoderm 二层胚盘bile 胆汁Billroth’s operation I Billroth's operation I is an operation in which the pylorus is removed and the distal stomach is anastomos ed directly to the duodenum.The operation is most closely associated with Theodor Billroth, but was first described by Polish surgeon Ludwik Rydigier.birth canal 产道bisalbuminemia 双白蛋白血症，副白蛋白血症，是一种较少见的常染色体不完全显性遗传性病，表现为白蛋白呈异常双峰现象(两峰高度大致相等，一峰为正常白蛋白，另一峰为变异白蛋白)bivalve speculum 双瓣窥器blastoderm 胚盘，胚层block vertebrae 阻滞椎，块状椎blood-brain barrier 血脑屏障blood pressure 血压blood plasma 血浆blow-out fracture 爆裂性骨折(尤指眶底)Bowditch’s law 鲍迪奇氏定律(心肌刺激定律，神经不疲劳性)Bracht maneuver Bracht手法，a method of extraction of the aftercoming head(后出胎头) in breech presentation(臀先露).breathing 呼吸bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘bronchiolar carcinoma (细)支气管癌bronchiolitis (毛)细支气管炎bronchiole-alveolar carcinoma 细支气管-肺泡癌(起源于细支气管基底细胞或Ⅱ型肺泡细胞的恶性肿瘤) bronchogram 支气管造影片Bryant’s triangle 布莱恩特氏三角, 髂股三角burn 烧伤bypass 旁路，支路calcaneal tuber 跟结节calyx 盏，杯状结构capillary 毛细管capture-recapture method 【统计学】捕获-再捕获法，标记再捕法，捕捉—重捕方法carbon dioxide cycle 二氧化碳循环carcinoma 癌(在医学上专指由上皮组织来源的恶性肿瘤)carcinoma in situ 原位癌cardiac arrest 心搏停止，心脏停止跳动cardiac cycle 心动周期(从收缩经松弛再到下次收缩之全部过程)cardiomyopathy （尤指原发性的）心肌症cardiovascular system 心血管系统caries [单数复数同]龋齿，骨溃疡cavitas laryngis 喉腔CD4/CD8 count CD4/CD8计数cell 细胞，电池cell determination 细胞决定cell membrane 细胞膜cell marker 细胞标记物centroblast 生发中心母细胞cephalic presentation 头先露cerebellar cortex 小脑皮质，小脑皮层cerebellum 小脑cerebral hemorrhage (大)脑出血cerebral cortex 大脑皮层，小脑皮质cerebrospinal fluid 脑脊液chamber （身体或器官内的）室chemoreceptor 化学感受器（=chemoceptor）cholangiography 胆管造影术cholecystitis 胆囊炎cholelithiasis 胆石症，胆结石chondrosarcoma 软骨肉瘤chromosome aberration 染色体畸变chromosome 染色体chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎cilia 纤毛，[单数cilium]ciliated epithelium 纤毛上皮circadian 生理节奏的，昼夜节律的，24小时作用(或循环)的 (指与地球24小时运转联系的新陈代谢、内分泌作用及睡眠等节奏有关的；此种节奏在高速宇宙航行中仍可能维持)circular anastomosis 环形吻合术circulus 圈；环 [复数circuli ]cirrhosis 硬化，肝硬化cisternal puncture 小脑延髓池穿刺cleavage 卵裂，分裂clinical epidemiology 临床流行病学clinical trial 临床试验(对一种新疗法的科学评估)cloning 克隆，无性繁殖closed chest massage 胸外心脏按摩Clostridium perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌，产气荚膜杆菌，产气荚膜梭状芽孢杆菌，是一种革兰氏阳性梭状杆菌，能产生芽孢，并能形成特殊荚膜的专性厌氧菌cloverleaf skull 头颅畸形coagulopathy 凝血障碍coarctate retina 紧压性视网膜cochlear duct 耳蜗管，蜗管中道cochlear implant 人工耳(蜗)；耳蜗植入，耳蜗移植Cockayne’s syndrome 科凯恩综合征(特征为早老，视网膜退化，听力受损，皮肤光过敏)coenzyme A 辅酶 A [CoA]colon 结肠colony 菌落，集落color 颜色，脸色colposcopy 阴道镜comedo 粉刺，面疱[ 复数comedos或comedones ]Compton effect 康普顿效应（=Compton-Debye effect）computed tomography 计算机断层扫描（CT）conduction 传导conductive deafness 传导性失聪，传导性耳聋conduplicato corpore 胎体层迭cone 视锥(细胞)conization 锥形切除术conjoined twins 联胎，联体双胎，连体婴（= Siamese twins）conjugate 结合constipation 便秘consumption coagulopathy 消耗性凝血病contact lens (装在眼睑内的)隐形眼镜，接触透镜contact dermatitis 接触性皮炎contraction 收缩Coombs’test 抗人球蛋白试验，Coombs 试验，库姆试验coronary artery 冠状动脉coronary bypass 冠状动脉旁路手术，冠状动脉搭桥术costoclavicular syndrome 肋骨锁骨综合征，肋锁综合征(在锁骨与第一肋骨之间的间隙较小，在解剖上是一个弱点，其中通过到上肢的神经血管束。
医学英语 课后翻译及词汇整理
Lesson three1.Furthermore,pathology is concerned with the sequence of events thatleads from cause to structural and functional abnormalities and finally to manifestations.this sequence is referred to as the pathogenesis of disease.this term etiology means the study of causes.it is commonly misused as a synonym for cause.此外，病理学是跟事件发生的顺序有关。
从引起结构和功能异常到最后临床表现。
这个顺序被称为疾病的病因。
病因学是指对原因的研究。
经常被误用为原因。
2.if possible, a diagnosis should be the name of the disease that thepatient has,e .g ., multiple sclerosis . 如果可能的话，诊断应该是病人所患疾病的名称。
例如，多发性硬化。
3. boratory abnormalities in the broad sense refers to theobservations made by tests or special procedures,such as X-rays ,blood counts ,or biopsies.实验室异常广义上说是指通过实验或者特殊程序获得的观察，例如X射线，血细胞计数或者活检。
4.the range of abnormalities in this category is very broad,extendingfrom deformities present at birth to biochemical changes caused by genes but influenced by environment so they appear later in life,e.g.,diabetes mellitus.这一类别的异常表现范围很广，从出生时的畸形直到因基因引起，但受环境因素影响向到后来才表现出来的生化变化，如糖尿病。
医学英语教程(生物医学)u1-u4 A完整的课内翻译。
“In my view,”--- their functions and actions. ”“在我看来，”托马斯杰斐逊在1814年写道，“没有比使人了解到自身的构造、部件、功能和行为更能让人愉悦了。
”Distinguished thinkers --- wholeheartedly shares.历史上有许多杰出的思想家都持有和杰斐逊一样的观点。
但有趣的是，不是每一个普通人都能接受这个理论。
Man’s attitude toward his own body—his single most precious possession —is decidedly ambivalent.人对于自身——这个他所拥有的最宝贵的财富，是持有一种矛盾的态度的。
At one and the --- complicated to understand.一方面，人们沉醉于研究自身，另一方面也因为上古的禁忌而对其充满恐惧。
也从某种程度上反映了人们觉得人体太过复杂以至于太难理解。
The possible approaches --- all-too-ailing hulk.研究人体的可行途径有许多。
对愤世嫉俗者来说，贱如黏土陋室，对于吟咏诗歌之人来说，人体贵为灵魂殿堂，对于妙手医师，人体弱如娇柔之躯。
The psychiatrist --- experience of the past.精神学家将其视为思维与人格的寄宿地，遗传学家将其视为使自身的特质永存之人，生物学家将其视为可以总结过往并改变未来的有机体。
All the specialized --- anatomy and physiology.所有与人体相关的专业的科学观点都是有用的，然而，这些观点都必须从同一个前提出发，那就是对研究人体的基本结构和功能在解剖学和生理学上的认识。
And the bedrock --- and function.我们对了解身体的基本原则就是：所有的生物都是由结构和功能基本相似的细胞构成的。
医学英语课文重要词汇和词组
1. Seasonal Influenza病毒感染viral infection疫苗vaccine体征sign症状symptom咳嗽cough关节痛joint pain咽喉痛sore throat流鼻涕runny nose高危人群people at high risk/ high-risk group 潜伏期incubation period并发症complication抗病毒药antiviral drug住院治疗hospitalization新陈代谢metabolism2. Diabetes胰腺pancreas胰岛素insulin激素hormone血糖blood sugar/ glucose血脂blood lipid高血糖hyperglycemia, raised blood sugar, high blood sugar血管blood vessel胰岛素依赖型insulin-dependent多尿polyuria烦渴polydipsia视网膜病retinopathy神经病变neuropathy视网膜retina麻木numbness截肢amputation肾衰kidney failure胆固醇cholesterol妊娠期的gestational出生前的prenatal3. Ear Infection中耳middle ear鼓膜ear drum急性中耳炎acute otitis media咽鼓管Eustachian tube黏液mucus 听力迟钝dulled hearing穿孔v. perforate耳痛earache缓解v. relieve; ease抗生素antibiotic开处方v. prescribe副作用side-effect腹泻diarrhea乳突炎mastoiditis4. Cardiovascular Disease心血管疾病cardiovascular disease冠心病coronary heart disease心脏病发作heart attack脑血管疾病cerebrovascular disease高血压raised blood pressure/ high blood pressure/ hypertension外周动脉疾病peripheral artery disease风湿性心脏病rheumatic heart disease先天性心脏病congenital heart disease心力衰竭heart failure中风stroke脂肪沉积fatty deposit内壁inner wall血管blood vessel动脉粥样硬化atherosclerosis血块blood clot呼吸短促shortness of breath呼吸困难difficulty in breathing头晕的light-headed/ faint冷汗cold sweat恶心nausea呕吐vomit麻木numbness失去知觉unconsciousness绝经，更年期menopause5. Obesity and Overweight肥胖obesity超重overweight卡路里calorie高热量食物energy-dense food维生素vitamin矿物质mineral微量营养素micronutrient骨关节炎osteoarthritis营养不良undernutrition6. HIV and AIDS免疫缺陷immunodeficiency逆转录酶病毒retrovirus免疫系统immune system机会感染opportunistic infection晚期the advanced stage输血blood transfusion妊娠期pregnancy哺乳期breastfeeding传播transmission免疫细胞immune cell分娩delivery发病机理pathogenesis营养不良malnutrition7. Hepatitis发炎inflammation横膈膜diaphragm腹部abdomen肝动脉hepatic artery门静脉portal vein主动脉aorta肝细胞hepatic cell慢性肝炎chronic hepatitis自体免疫的autoimmune乙肝携带者carriers of hepatitis B性传播疾病sexually transmitted disease 肿胀swell肝硬化cirrhosis脓pus黄疸jaundice血浆plasma疤痕scar糖原glycogen荨麻疹hives粪便feces碳水化合物carbohydrate换气过度hyperventilation 8. Cancer恶性的malignant良性的benign肿瘤tumor, neoplasm转移metastasis死亡率mortality发病率morbidity癌前病变precancerous lesion遗传因素genetic factor物理致癌物physical carcinogen化学致癌物chemical carcinogen生物致癌物biological carcinogen电离辐射ionizing radiation寄生虫parasite细胞修复机制cellular repair mechanism 肿块lump疼痛的；痛处sore持续性消化不良persistent indigestion 乳房X线照相术mammography细胞学cytology巴氏涂片pap smear宫颈癌cervical cancer外科手术surgery放疗radiotherapy化疗chemotherapy超声ultrasound内镜检查endoscopyX线照相术radiography病理学pathology9. Hypertension高血压hypertension, high blood pressure 心搏heart beat泵pump收缩压systolic pressure舒张压diastolic pressure高血压前期prehypertension原发性高血压essential hypertension继发性高血压secondary hypertension 心律不齐irregular heartbeat胸痛chest pain电解质electrolyte心电图electrocardiogram超声心动图echocardiogram抑制剂inhibitor利尿剂diuretic阻滞剂blocker血管扩张剂vasodilator复发relapse10. Basic Anatomy --- Tissues and Organs 上皮组织epithelial tissue结缔组织connective tissue肌肉组织muscle tissue神经组织nerve tissue肌腱tendon韧带ligament软骨cartilage神经元neuron神经胶质细胞glial cell脊髓spinal cord表皮epidermis真皮dermis皮下层subcutaneous layer脂肪组织adipose tissue骨骼系统skeletal system肌肉系统muscular system循环系统circulatory system神经系统nervous system呼吸系统respiratory system消化系统digestive system泌尿系统urinary system内分泌系统endocrine system生殖系统reproductive system淋巴/ 免疫系统lymphatic/ immune system 骨骼肌skeletal muscle平滑肌smooth muscle心肌cardiac muscle营养物质nutrient激素hormone食管esophagus肠intestine淋巴lymph淋巴结lymph node淋巴管lymph vessel白细胞white blood cell / leukocyte腺体gland 11. The Disease SARS严重急性呼吸道综合征severe acute respiratory syndrome高烧high fever寒战chill干咳dry/ nonproductive cough低氧症hypoxia机械通气mechanical ventilation肺炎pneumonia非典型的atypical冠状病毒coronavirus呼吸飞沫respiratory droplet飞沫传播droplet spread呼吸窘迫综合症respiratory distress syndrome打喷嚏v. sneeze空气传播airborne spread接触传染的contagious预防precaution抗病毒的antiviral样品specimen培养culture12. Fracture外伤性骨折traumatic fracture病理性骨折pathologic fracture开放性骨折open fracture闭合性骨折closed fracture稳定性骨折stable fracture不稳定性骨折unstable fracture断裂disruption骨膜periosteum青枝骨折greenstick粉碎性骨折comminuted fracture局部疼痛localized pain畸形deformity触痛tenderness水肿edema肌肉痉挛muscle spasm瘀斑ecchymosis复位reduction骨化ossification固定immobilization无血管性坏死avascular necrosis静脉血栓形成venous thrombosis 脂肪栓塞fat embolism休克shock病原体pathogen机能障碍dysfunction术前准备preoperative preparation 便秘constipation肾结石renal calculi萎缩atrophy低血压hypotension门诊病人outpatient13. Respiratory System咽pharynx喉larynx气管trachea支气管bronchus横隔diaphragm分子molecule扩散作用diffusion氧化oxygenation代谢废物metabolic waste酸碱平衡acid-base balance上呼吸道upper respiratory tract 下呼吸道lower respiratory tract 换气ventilation吸气inhalation呼气exhalation呼吸衰竭respiratory failure毛细血管capillary肺气肿emphysema支气管炎bronchitis哮喘asthma微生物microbe酸中毒acidosis碱中毒alkalosis14. Depression抑郁症depression心悸palpitation出生后的postnatal抗抑郁剂antidepressant。
医学英语教程(生物医学)u1-u4 A完整的课内翻译。
“In my view,"-—- their functions and actions. ”“在我看来,”托马斯杰斐逊在1814年写道，“没有比使人了解到自身的构造、部件、功能和行为更能让人愉悦了.”Distinguished thinkers ——- wholeheartedly shares。
历史上有许多杰出的思想家都持有和杰斐逊一样的观点。
但有趣的是，不是每一个普通人都能接受这个理论。
Man's attitude toward his own body-his single most precious possession —is decidedly ambivalent.人对于自身——这个他所拥有的最宝贵的财富，是持有一种矛盾的态度的. At one and the —-- complicated to understand。
一方面，人们沉醉于研究自身,另一方面也因为上古的禁忌而对其充满恐惧.也从某种程度上反映了人们觉得人体太过复杂以至于太难理解.The possible approaches ——- all—too-ailing hulk。
研究人体的可行途径有许多。
对愤世嫉俗者来说，贱如黏土陋室，对于吟咏诗歌之人来说,人体贵为灵魂殿堂,对于妙手医师，人体弱如娇柔之躯。
The psychiatrist -—— experience of the past。
精神学家将其视为思维与人格的寄宿地，遗传学家将其视为使自身的特质永存之人，生物学家将其视为可以总结过往并改变未来的有机体.All the specialized —-- anatomy and physiology.所有与人体相关的专业的科学观点都是有用的,然而,这些观点都必须从同一个前提出发，那就是对研究人体的基本结构和功能在解剖学和生理学上的认识。
And the bedrock -—- and function。
医学英语专业词汇大全单词带翻译（2）
医学英语专业词汇大全单词带翻译(2)医学专业英语单词带翻译neurosis神经精神病Psychosis神经病Pleasure Principle 享乐原则Reality Principle 现实原则Moral Principle 道德原则Predisposing Factors 潜在因素Precipitating Factors 诱发因素Defense Mechanism 防卫机转compensation 补偿作用conversion 转化作用denial 否认作用displacement 转移作用dissociation 解离作用fantasy 幻想作用identification 认同作用introjection 内射作用projection 外射作用retionalization 合理化作用reaction formation 反向作用degression 退化作用repression 潜抑作用suppression 压抑作用restitution 归还作用sublimation 升华作用substitution 取代作用symbolism 象徵作用undoing 抵销作用depersonalization 人格解体derealization 脱离现实医学专业英语阅读：请耐心倾听Doctors should keep quiet and let patients explain their problems instead of interrupting them，Swiss scientists said. Most patients can explain what is wrong with them in less than two minutes and many may even be swifter， according to Dr. Wolf Langewitz of University Hospital in Basle. But research from the United States has shown that doctors usually start talking after about 22 seconds. "Doctors do not risk being swamped by their patients' complaints if they listen until a patient indicates that his or her list of complaints is complete，" Langewitz said in a report in the British Medical Journal. When he and his colleagues used a hidden stopwatch to time patients until they were finished talking，the average time was 92 seconds，although elderly patients tended to take longer. "Even in a busy practice driven by time constraints and financial pressure， two minutes of listening should be possible and will be sufficient for nearly 80 percent of patients，" Langewitz added.瑞士科学家说，医生应该安静地倾听患者讲述病情，不要打断他们。
医学英语新教程 下册 重点单词及翻译打印版
unit 1hemoglobin 血红蛋白polycythemia 红血球增多症hypertrophy 肥大，过度增大atrophy 萎缩mutate 改变，使突变anomaly 异常，不规则congenital defect 先天性缺陷lesion 损害，机能障碍infectious agent 传染剂pathogenesis 发病原diagnosis 诊断prognosis 预后autopsy 尸体解剖heredity 遗传hemophilia 血友病syndrome 综合征alcoholism 酗酒anemia 贫血pregnancy 怀孕delivery 分娩，交付leukemia 白血病malnutrition 营养不良hyperactive thyroid 活跃甲状腺hyperthyroidism 甲状腺功能亢进mongolism 先天愚型urinalysis 尿分析physician 内科医生surgeon 外科医生remission 缓解relapse 复发complication 并发症pneumonia 肺炎sequela 后遗症paralysis 麻痹polio 小儿麻痹fallopian tubes 输卵管alleviate 减轻masterpiece 杰作defective 有缺陷的deficient 不足的concurrent 并发的respectively 分别地utilize 利用perceive 察觉terminal 末端，晚期的severity 严重fracture 破裂prostate 前列腺transmit 传输，遗传trigger 引发，触发protrude 突出，伸出counteract 抵消，中和prescribe 开处方，规定exacerbate 使加剧aggravate 恶化，加重resemble 类似subside 平息，沉淀onset 开始，着手confined to 只限于compensate 补偿，赔偿traumatize 使。
英语医学词汇(部分含中文对照)
General Medical TerminologyAl-ler-gy 过敏Alternative medicine 另类疗法Car-di-o-logy 心脏学Car-di-o-vas-cu-lar 心脏血管的Den-tis-try 牙医术Der-ma-to-logy 皮肤（病）学Gas-tric 胃的& In-tes-tine 肠肠胃General medicine 普通内科Ge-ri-a-trics 老年病学He-ma-to-logy 血液学In-fec-tious diseases 传染病In-ha-la-tion therapy 呼吸治疗科Neo-na-to-logy 新生儿（科）学Neu-ro-logy 神经病学Ob-ste-trics 产科& Gy-ne-co-logy 妇科Oph-thal-mo-logy 眼科Or-tho-don-tics 畸齿矫正学Or-tho-pe-dics 整形外科、整形手术O-to-la-ryn-go-logy 耳鼻喉科Pe-di-a-trics 小儿科Plastic surgery 整形手术Psy-chi-a-try 精神病学Ra-di-o-logy 放射学、放射线科Sexually Trans-mitted Diseases 性传染病Surgery 外科、诊所、手术室Trau-ma 创伤、外伤、精神创伤U-ro-logy 泌尿科学Ad-mit-ting office 住院处Cardiac Care Unit (C.C.U.)心脏病监护病房Dental clinic 牙科诊所Emergency department 急症科Extended care unit (ECU) 持续监护病房Home care/Long term care unit 家庭护理Intensive Care Unit (ICU) 加护病房La-bo-ra-tory 实验室Labor/Delivery room 产房Medical office/Clinic 医务所Medical records department 病历室、病历科Mor-tu-a-ry 停尸间、太平间Nursing home 疗养院Occupational therapy department 职业治疗部Operating room 手术室Out-patient department 门诊部Phar-ma-cy 药房、药剂学Phy-si-o-therapy department 理疗科、物理治疗部Private/Semi-private/Standard room私家/半私家/普通病房Public health unit 公共卫生中心Radio-therapy unit 放射治疗部Recovery room 恢复室Re-ha-bi-li-tation center 康复中心Speech therapy unit 语言治疗部Terminal Care Unit (T.C.U.) 末期护理部Ward 病房A-cu-punc-tu-rist 针灸医生Al-ler-gist 过敏症专治医师Am-bu-lance pa-ra-me-dic 紧急救援人员A-nes-the-tist 麻醉医生At-ten-dant physician 巡诊医师Au-di-o-logist 听力学家Cardi-o-logist 心脏病学家Chi-ro-prac-tor 脊椎神经科医师，脊椎指压治疗医师Clinical pa-tho-logist 临床病理学家Clinical psy-cho-logist 临床心理学家Community health nurse 社区保健护士Dental surgeon/Dentist 牙医Der-ma-to-logist 皮肤科医生Di-ag-nos-tic radi-o-logist 放射诊断医生En-do-cri-no-logist 内分泌学家Family physician 家庭医生Gas-tro-ente-ro-logist 肠胃科医生，消化科医师General practitioner 全科医生General surgeon （普通）外科医生Ge-ri-a-tri-cian 老年医学专家Gy-ne-co-logist 妇科医生andob-ste-tri-cian 产科医生Nurse 护士Nutritionist/Dietician 营养学家Ob-ste-tri-cian 产科医生Occupational therapist 职业治疗师On-co-logist 肿瘤科医生Oph-thal-mo-logist 眼科医生Op-to-me-trist 验光师Oral hy-gie-nist 口腔卫生师Or-the-o-path 按摩医生Or-tho-don-tist 牙齿矫正医师Or-tho-pae-dist 整形外科医师Or-tho-pe-dic surgeon 整形外科医生O-to-la-ryn-go-logist / ENT specialist 耳鼻喉科医生ear, nose and throat specialist Pa-ra-me-dic 护理员Pe-di-a-tri-cian 小儿科医生Phar-ma-cist 药剂师Phy-si-cian 内科医生Phy-si-o-the-ra-pist 理疗师Plastic surgeon 整形外科Po-di-a-trist 足科医生He-ma-to-logist 血液学家Her-ba-list doctor 草药医生Homecare worker家务助理员Intern 实习医师Medical technologist医疗专家Mid-wife 助产员Ne-phro-logist肾病学家Neu-ro-logist神经病学家Neuro-surgeon 神经外科医师Psy-chi-a-trist 精神科医生Pul-mo-no-logist 胸腔内科医师Radiologist放射线学者Radiotherapist放射线治疗医师Resident Doctor 住院医生Rheumatologist 风湿病学家Speech therapist 语言治疗师Thoracic surgeon 胸外科医师Urologist 泌尿科医师Veterinarian 兽医Ache all over 周身酸痛Acute pain 急性剧痛Back pain 背痛、腰痛Burning pain 灼痛Chest pain 胸痛Colic 绞痛Continuous pain 持续痛Cramping pain （腹部）绞痛Crushing pain 压迫痛Distended pain 胀痛Dull pain 钝痛Earache 耳痛Headache 头痛Hunger pain 饥饿痛、空腹痛Intermittent pain 间歇痛、阵痛Labor pain 产痛Low back pain 腰痛Mild pain 轻微痛疼Pain comes at intervals 一阵阵的痛Persistent pain 持续性疼痛Piercing pain 刺痛Pressing pain 压痛Prickling pain 针扎似的痛Radiating pain 放射性痛、发散性痛Severe pain 剧痛Sharp pain 锐痛Slight pain 微痛、小痛Sore pain 肿痛Stabbing pain 刺痛Stomachache 胃痛、肚子痛Tearing pain 撕裂痛Throbbing pain 搏动性疼痛Tingling pain 刺痛Toothache牙痛Anxiety 焦虑Biter taste on my tongue 口苦Black Out 昏迷Bloated 肿胀的、发胀的Bloody stoolBoil/Furuncle or abcess Bowel movementCan't concentrateCan't crouchCan't see clearlyChest feels tightChillsComaConstipationDepressionDiarrheaDifficulty in swallowing DislocationDistended abdomen Disturbance of speech Dizziness/giddinessDizzy/Giddy/FaintDroolDrowsyEar dischargeEye dischargeEyelid itchingEyelid swollenFatigueFatigues easilyFeverFractureGritty/Sandy in eyes Gurgling sound in my abdomen Hallucination Hard stool Headache HeatstrokeHiccupHigh feverHoarse Voice Impotence Indigestion InflammationLoss of hearingLoss of interestLoss of voiceLost appetiteLost weightLumpy stoolMucus in stool Muscle spasmNasal bleedingNasal discharge NauseaNight sweatsNose itchingNumbPale faceParalysisPass gas; pass flatus Pimple (Papule/Pustule) PoisoningPussy discharge RadiatingRashRed and swollen throat RelapseRinging in my earsRunny nose Scalded by hot water See things moving Sense of spinning ShiveringShort of breath SneezeSnoreSore eyesSore throat SputumStop bleeding StuffySuicidal tendency Swalloed fishbone SweatsTarry black stool Temperature Tension/NervousInsect sting InsomniaIrregular heartbeats ItchItchy and swollen Itchy throatJaw is dislocated Light headache Loose and watery Stool Loose stoolLoss of confidence ThirstyThrow up or vomit TirednessTremor Uncomfortable Unconsciousness Urinate frequently VertigoVomitWatery eyes WeaknessBad breathHalitosisToothacheCanineCeramic crown CrownDental calculus (Tartar) DentistDentureDenturist FillingGold crownGumIncisorMolar Orthodontics Orthodontist PeriodontistRoot canal treatmentStutter Veneer crown Diseases Aphthous Ulcer Cavity Dental abscess /tooth abscess Periodontal disease StomatitisBaldnessBirthmark/NevusBurnCancerContusion (Bruise)Dry skinFreckleFuruncle (Boil) HyperhidrosisMoleRashScabiesSunburnTinea (Ringworm infection) Wart Athletes footAllergic contact dermatitis CornDermatitisDrug eruptionEczemaFrost biteInfantile eczemaLupusMeaslesPimplePsoriasisRed Rash/RoseolaSkin cancerUrticariaAmenorrhea/no menstruation Ankles and feet are swollen Blood clots in my menstruation Breast engorgementCramp in my legsDischarge is blood stained Episiotomy wound hurtsFoul vaginal dischargeHeavy vaginal bleeding Heavy vaginal discharge Heavy/scant menstruationIn laborIrregular periodsMenstrual painMissed a periodMorning sicknessMucus dischargePregnant/ExpectingProlapse of uterusSome blood on my panties/Have showSore nipplesSterile (Can't get pregnant)Swollen breastsThin/Thick/Purulent dischargeThrow up every morning or morning sicknessUterine contractionsVaginal spottingYellowish/Greenish/Brownish discharge Cesarean sectionD & C (dilation and curettage of uterus) DeliveryEpidural analgesiaFetal movementHormone imbalanceIncubatorInduced abortionInduced laborMembrane ruptureMenopauseMiscarriage/AbortionPremature delivery Sterilization Therapeutic abortionTo weanTubal sterilization Umbilical cordUterusCandida vaginal infection Cervical polyp Cervicitis EndometriosisFibroid uterus Menstruation disorder Ovarian cystVulva itchy/soreWater has brokenWhite cheesy discharge Yellowish skin/Jaundice Ovarian tumorPelvic infection Trichomoniasis VaginitisBlurred vision Double visionDry eyesDull pain in eyeEye dischargeEyelid is itchyEyelid is swollen Flying objects/Floaters Foreign body in the eye Gritty/Sandy in eyes PhotophobiaPussy discharge Severe pain in cheekbone Smarting pain around eye Sticky discharge Watering eyesCorneaDiplopiaEye ballIrisLensOptometristPoor visionPupilRetinalScleraTearVisual activity Visual disturbance Astigmatism BlepharitisBlurred vision CataractColor blindness Conjunctivitis Esotropia (Cross-eye) Dacryocystitis Diabetic retinopathy Glaucoma HyperopiaKeratitisLacrimal duct Macular degeneration Myopia NyctalopiaOptic neuritis Photophobia PresbyopiaRetinal detachment RetinitisSquintStyeTrachoma TrichiasisBurning pain in earsCerumen (Ear wax)Difficulty in hearingDiplacusisEar dischargeEaracheTinnitus (Ringing in the ears) Some loss of hearingCan't distinguish smell Epistaxis (Nose bleed)Lost sense of smellNasal congestionNasal discharge stained with blood Noisy breathingNose itchesPostnasal dripPussy dischargeRhinorrhea (Nasal discharge) Running noseSensitive to pollen/weather change/dust SneezeSnoreStuffyBitter taste in tongueChokeClear throatDifficulty in swallowing DroolDry/Furry tongue Hoarse voiceLoss of voiceSore/Itching /Red throat Swollen throat Hearing aidInner earMiddle earNasal cavityOuter ear Pharyngeal tonsil Semicircular canal Tongue TonsilTympanic membrane (Ear drum) UvulaVocal cordAllergic rhinitisCanker soreDiphtheriaEpistaxisLaryngitisNasopharyngeal cancerOtitis mediaPharyngitisSinusitisTinnitusTonsillitisBlack-outCan't move my limbs ConfusionDazed condition Delirium Disturbance of speech Disturbance of vision DizzinessDrowsyExcited condition IllusionIntermittent tingling pain Light headacheLoss of consciousness NauseaNeck and back are stiff NervousPeriodic headache SpinningSudden dizziness SyncopeThings moving or vertigo TinnitusFatigueHemiplegiaInsomniaMarrow aspiration NumbParalysisParaplegiaPins and needles QuadriplegiaTremorSpinal cordUnconsciousVertigoApoplexyBrain tumorCerebral ischemia Cerebral embolism Cerebral hemorrhage Cerebral thrombosis Concussion of the brain EncephalitisEpilepsyHerpes zosterTremorVomiting/Diarrhea/Sweating AnxietyBrainCerebellumCerebrumComaConcussion Convulsion DepressionHysteriaMeningitisMigraineNeuralgia Neurasthenia Parkinson's disease Sciatica Subarachnoid hemorrhage Trigeminal neuralgiaBeating extremely fast Black outBurning feeling in chest Chest painChest tightDizzy/GiddyFaintedIrregular heartbeatPale faceShort of breathSpinningSudden stop in my heartbeat AnemiaAngioplasty ArteryAtriumBlood vesselCoronary artery by-pass operation CyanosisEdema (Dropsy)HeartHeart attackLymph nodePalpitationValve replacementVeinVentricleAneurysmAnginaArrhythmia Arteriosclerosi BronchitisCardiac arrest Cardiac asthma Congenital heart disease Coronary heart disease Coronary occlusion Corpulmonale EndocarditisHeart blockHeart complication Heart failure Heart murmur HypotensionMitral stenosis Myocardial infarction Myocarditis Paroxysmal tachycardia Pericarditis Rheumatic heart disease ScurvyThrombosis TracheitisValvular cyanosis Valvular incompetence Valvular stenosisAsthmaBlood-streaked sputum Chest burningChest painCold sweatingCough a lot Hematemesis (vomit blood) Hemoptysis (cough up blood) Dry coughFever on and offFrothy sputumGrey sputumMoist coughPink sputumRadiating to armpitShort of breathShort of breath after exertion Thick sputum Wheezing stridor White sputum Yellow sputum AllergicAllergyAsthma BronchusHay feverLungPolypNasal congestion Asthma Bronchiectasis Bronchitis Bronchopneumonia Common coldEmphysema Hemoptysis Influenza (Flu) Lung cancer Pertussis Pharyngitis Pleural effusion Pleurisy Pneumonia Pneumothorax Pulmonary tuberculosis RhinitisSinusitisTracheitisUpper respiratory infectionAbdominal enlargementAcid regurgitated from stomach AnorexiaVomitWater brashAppendixAppetiteBad breathBleeding from AnusBlood in stoolBowel movementBurning pain in anus ConstipationCramping painDiarrhoeaDifficulty in swallowing Distended abdomenFecal incontinence FlatulenceGas frequentlyGeneral abdominal pain Gurgling soundGurgling sound in abdomen Hard stool HeartburnHiccupIndigestionLoose and watery stool Loose anusLoose stoolLost appetiteLumpy stoolMucus in stool NauseaOn and off painPass Gas/FartPass out bloodPass out worms Prolapsed anus Sense of pressure StomachacheTarry black stool ThirstThrow up (vomit) Upset stomachGall bladderPancreasAppendicitisAscitesCholangitisCholecystitisCholeraCirrhosis of liverColitisDiarrhoeaDuodenal ulcerDysenteryEnterogatritis (Gastro-enteritis) EsophagitisEsophagus cancerGallstoneGastric ulcerGastritisGastroptosisHematemesis Hemorrhoids/Piles Hepatic failure HepatitisHerniaHiatus hernia Hyperacidity Indigestion Intestinal catarrh Intestinal obstruction Intestinal tuberculosis JaundiceLiver cancer Pancreatitis Perirectal abscess PeritonitisPyrosis (Heartburn) Rectal cancer Stomach cancer Typhoid feverBlood in my urineBurning feeling when urinating Cloudy yellow urineCoffee color or brown urine Dysuria (Difficulty in urinating) IncontinenceLumbagoRetention of urineTea-colored urineUrinated frequentlyAdrenal glandBladder ImpotenceKidneyOliguriaPain on urination PenisPolyuriaProstateSwelling of testis TestisUrethraUrinary incontinence Bladder stoneCalculusCystitisDiabetesEnuresisGonorrheaHematuriaHypertrophy of the prostate NephritisNephrolithNephrosisPhimosisPremature ejaculation PyelonephritisRenal failure/Kidney failure Renal stone/Kidney stone Renal tuberculosis SyphilisTumor of the kidney UremiaUreteral stoneUrethritisUrinary tract infection Venereal diseaseAddictionAdvance care planning Advance health care directive AnalgesicAnorexiaAntibioticAntidepressantHome health aideHospice careHospital bedIncontinenceInformed consent form InsomniaIntubationJaundiceAnxietyArtificial nutrition and hydration Artificial ventilation AutonomyBed-side commodeBedsore/pressure sore BereavementBereavement supportBioethicsBiofeedback therapyBrain deathCardiac arrestCardio pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Case manager (nurse)ChaplainComfort careCommunicationCompetentConfusionConstipationDeath and dyingDeliriumDepressionDiaperDiarrheaDo Not Intubate (DNI)Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) DrowsinessDrug toleranceDurable power of attorney DysphagiaDyspneaEdemaEmpathyEnd-of-life careEthical dilemmaEuthanasiaFatigueGriefHallucinationHematuriaHemorrhageKidney dialysisLiving willMedical decision-making capacity Medical equipmentMedical futilityMourningMusic therapyNatural deathNauseaNonopioidsOccupational therapy OpioidsOxygen machineOxygen maskOxygen tankPain managementPain medicationPalliative careParalysisPhysical therapy Prolonging dyingQuality of life Registered nurse Rehabilitation medicine Relaxation technique Respiratory arrestRespite careShortness of breathSide effectsSocial workerSponge bathSpiritual careTerminal condition TitrationTotal painUrinary retentionUrine incontinence VomitingWalkerWheel chairWeaknessWithholding or withdrawing Life-sustaining treatment。
医学英语新教程(下册)课文翻译
医学英语（下册）课文翻译UNIT 1 疾病的介绍1 人体是一个艺术的杰作。
我们对身体的功能了解越深，就越赏识。
即使在生病时，身体在故障修复和补偿方面表现也相当出色。
身体内不断发生变化，然而，一个叫内环境稳定（稳态）的平稳状态能大抵保持平衡。
机体内环境稳定出现某种重大的紊乱，就能引起各种各样的反应，这些反应常常促使疾病的体征和症状出现。
比如，由于运动员对氧气的需求增加，他们体内的红细胞计数就会异常升高。
这是一个使更多血红蛋白循环的自然补偿机制，但它却是红细胞增多症的一个症状。
2 当一个器官需要做更多工作时，它往往会增大，肥大。
心脏会因为长期的高血压而增大，因为它必须不间断地克服巨大的阻力把血液输送到全身。
当瓣膜存在缺陷时，心肌同样也会肥大，因为那些要么太宽，要么太窄的瓣膜需要额外的抽吸作用。
如果一个肾衰竭了，另一个肾就会增大以满足身体的需要，并弥补那个有缺陷的肾。
当流向这两个肾的血液不足时，它们会通过分泌荷尔蒙（激素）的方式帮助血压升高。
然而，如果某个器官或身体的某个部位没有得到使用，它就会萎缩，或者，也就是说，面积变小或功能下降。
3 血液在维持内环境稳定方面发挥着几个作用。
当组织受到创伤，损伤，或者感染时，血流就会积聚在受损区域。
这是极其重要的，因为血液携带了专门用于清除有害物质和细胞碎片的细胞。
血液中的其他细胞则产生抗体，以抵抗致病生物的入侵。
4 疾病是某个身体部位，生理系统，或整个身体的不健康状态，其中结构或功能发生紊乱。
疾病经常始于细胞水平。
一个异常的基因不管是因遗传所得，还是因环境因素引起突变或变异，都能启动疾病程序。
比如，当基因信息遭到侵袭（常被病毒侵袭），癌症的发生会伴随着细胞的疯长。
新的研究方法使某些疾病能与异常基因的发现联系起来。
疾病可以是一种结构性的异常，比如，先天性心脏缺陷，也可以是没有器质性改变的功能性病变。
疾病可能是一种结构性的异常，比如，先天性心脏缺陷，也可能是没有器质性变化的功能性病变，比如，高血压或外伤。
常用医学英语单词短语及段落翻译
急诊： Emergency养生： Health maintenance 瞳神： Pupil 病理学： Pathology 医案： Medical record 药理学：Pharmacology 真气： Genuine Qi 齿龈： Gum 炮制学：Science of processing 睫毛： Eyelash 肛肠科： Proctology肠： Intestine 胆囊：Gallbladder 膝： Knee 牙科： Dentistry 骨学： Osteology 毛孔： Pore 胰腺： Pancreas 卫气： Defensive Qi 经络：Meridian 疫苗： Vaccine单词翻译：方剂： Prescription 针灸： Acupuncture 经脉： Channel 肾：Kidney 精： Essence 康复： Rehabilitation 护理： Nursery 脊：Spine 灸术：Moxibustion 脾： Spleen 药剂学： Pharmacy 按摩： Massage 骨髓： Marrow 腰： Waist 脉搏： Pulse 喉： Throat 拔火罐： Cupping 创伤学： Traumatology 关节： Joint 肝脏： Liver 诊断： Diagnose妇科：Gynecology 肺：Lung 头颅骨：Skull 咽：Pharynx 儿科：Pediatrics 髋：Hip 皮肤学：Dermatology 治疗法：Remedy 医师：Physician 眼科：Ophthalmology 腹：Abdomen 眼睑：Eyelid 血轮：Blood wheel 症状：Symptom 瘫：Paralysis 膀胱：Bladder 腰骨：Lumbar bone 腭：Palate 痰：Phlegm 流行病：Epidemic 细胞：Cell 癌症：Cancer 痢疾：Diarrhea 苦：Bitter 剂量：Dosage 疗法：Therapy草药：Herbal medicine短语翻译：同病异治：treating same disease with different methods因时制宜：treatment in accordance with seasonal conditions 扶正祛邪：strengthening vital qi to eliminate pathogenic factor 攻补兼施：reinforcement and elimination in combination寒者热之：treating cold syndrome with hot natured drugs调理阴阳：coordinating yin and yang辛温解表：relieving superficies syndrome with pungent and warm natured drugs解肌清热：expelling pathogenic factors from muscles for clearing heat 疏风透疹：dispelling wind to promote eruption扶正解表：strengthening resistance to relieve superficies syndrome助阳解表：reinforcing yang to relieve superficies syndrome滋阴解表：nourishing yin to relieve superficies syndrome清热攻下：clearing heat and purgation温阳通便：warming yang for relaxing bowels润燥通便：moistening dryness for relaxing bowels泻下逐水：expelling water retention by purgation和解表里：expelling water retention by purgation调和肝脾：harmonizing liver and spleen疏肝和胃：dispersing stagnated liver qi for regulating stomach调理肠胃：coordinating intestines and stomach调和气血：harmonizing qi and blood平调寒热：mildly regulating cold and heat温清并用：using warming and heat-clearing simultaneously清热泻火：clearing heat-fire清热凉血：clearing heat and cooling blood清热解毒：clearing heat-toxicity清泻虚热：clearing deficient heat清热泻肺：clearing heat and purging lung清热解暑：clearing summerheat祛暑解表：dispelling summerheat to relieve exterior syndrome疏肝解郁：dispersing stagnated liver qi for relieving qi stagnation理气和胃：regulating qi-flowing for harmonizing stomach和胃降逆：regulating stomach descending adverse qi活血化瘀：promoting blood circulation for removing blood stasis舒筋活络：relieving rigidity of muscles and activating collaterals苦温燥湿：dispelling dampness with bitter and warm-natured drugs健脾化湿：invigorating spleen for eliminating dampness散寒除湿：dispelling cold and removing dampness利水消肿：inducing diuresis for removing edema除湿通络：eliminating dampness and dredging channels清热润燥：clearing heat and moistening dryness润肺化痰：moistening lung for removing phlegm滋阴润燥：nourishing yin for moistening dryness益气生血：benefiting qi for promoting production of blood补益肺气：replenishing and restoring lung qi补脾益肺：invigorating spleen for benefiting lung补血养心：replenishing blood for nourishing heart养血调经：nourishing blood for regulating menstruation滋阴清热：nourishing yin and clearing heat温补心阳：warmly invigorating heart yang补益精髓：strengthening and nourishing marrow and essence滋补肾精：replenishing kidney essence温阳散寒：warming yang for dispelling cold温经活血：warming channel and activating blood circulation疏散风邪：dispelling wind pathogens祛风解肌：dispelling pathogenic wind from muscles平肝息风：suppressing hyperactive liver for calming endogenous wind 柔肝息风：softening liver for calming endogenous wind息风解痉：relieving spasm by calming endogenous wind宣肺化痰：dispersing lung qi and dissipating phlegm祛痰化浊：eliminating phlegm and resolving turbidity散寒化饮：dispelling cold and resolving fluid retention祛痰宣痹：eliminating phlegm and dredging channel blockade芳香开窍：resuscitation with aromatics驱蛔杀虫：expelling and killing ascarid养血安神：nourishing blood for tranquillization消食化滞：resolving food stagnation消痞化积：relieving oppression and masses软坚散结：softening and resolving hard mass固表止汗：consolidating superficies for arresting sweating敛肺止咳：astringing lung for relieving cough涩肠止泻：relieving diarrhea with astringents益气摄精：benefiting qi for consolidating semen补肾安胎：tonifying kidney for preventing miscarriage缩尿止遗：reducing urination for preventing enuresis段落翻译：1 : 阴阳理论渗透于中医理论系统的各个方面。
医学英语翻译
医学英语翻译一、常用医学词汇翻译1. Symptom（症状）2. Disease（疾病）3. Diagnosis（诊断）4. Treatment（治疗）5. Medication（药物治疗）6. Surgery（手术）7. Recovery（康复）8. Prevention（预防）9. Vaccine（疫苗）10. Infection（感染）二、人体部位与系统词汇翻译1. Brain（大脑）2. Heart（心脏）3. Lung（肺）4. Liver（肝脏）5. Kidney（肾脏）6. Skeleton（骨骼）7. Muscular System（肌肉系统）8. Nervous System（神经系统）9. Immune System（免疫系统）10. Circulatory System（循环系统）三、医学检查与测试词汇翻译1. Blood Test（血液检查）2. Xray（X光检查）3. CT Scan（计算机断层扫描）4. MRI（磁共振成像）5. Ultrasound（超声波检查）6. Biopsy（活组织检查）7. ECG/EKG（心电图）8. Endoscopy（内窥镜检查）9. Lumbar Puncture（腰椎穿刺）10. Colonoscopy（结肠镜检查）四、临床医学专业术语翻译1. Acute（急性的）2. Chronic（慢性的）3. Terminal（晚期的）4. Remission（缓解）5. Complication（并发症）6. Side Effect（副作用）7. Allergy（过敏）8. Intensive Care Unit（重症监护室）9. Ambulance（救护车）10. Organ Donation（器官捐赠）五、药物治疗相关词汇翻译1. Prescription（处方）2. Pharmacy（药房）3. Dosage（剂量）4. Pill（药片）5. Injection（注射）6. Intravenous（静脉注射）7. Topical（局部应用的）8. Analgesic（镇痛药）9. Antibiotic（抗生素）10. Antiviral（抗病毒药物）（文档将持续更新，敬请期待后续内容）六、医疗程序与手术术语翻译1. Appendectomy（阑尾切除术）2. Cesarean Section（剖宫产）3. Lithotripsy（碎石术）4. Transplantation（移植手术）5. Bypass Surgery（旁路手术）6. Hip Replacement（髋关节置换术）7. Lasik Surgery（激光矫正视力手术）8. Radiation Therapy（放射治疗）9. Chemotherapy（化学治疗）10. Dialysis（透析）七、医疗设备与器械词汇翻译1. Stethoscope（听诊器）2. Scalpel（手术刀）3. Syringe（注射器）4. Defibrillator（除颤器）5. Ventilator（呼吸机）6. Monitor（监护仪）7. Catheter（导管）8. Gurney（轮床）9. Incubator（孵化器）10. Endoscope（内窥镜）八、健康与营养相关词汇翻译1. Nutrition（营养）2. Diet（饮食）3. Vitamin（维生素）4. Mineral（矿物质）5. Calorie（卡路里）6. Obesity（肥胖）7. Malnutrition（营养不良）8. Fitness（健康）9. Exercise（锻炼）10. Hydration（水分补充）九、心理健康与精神病学词汇翻译1. Psychology（心理学）2. Psychiatrist（精神科医生）3. Therapist（治疗师）4. Anxiety（焦虑）5. Depression（抑郁）6. Schizophrenia（精神分裂症）7. Bipolar Disorder（双相情感障碍）8. PTSD（创伤后应激障碍）9. Psychotherapy（心理治疗）10. Cognitive Behavior Therapy（认知行为疗法）十、公共卫生与流行病学词汇翻译1. Public Health（公共卫生）2. Epidemiology（流行病学）3. Outbreak（爆发）4. Pandemic（大流行）5. Quarantine（隔离）6. Influenza（流感）7. HIV/DS（人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病）8. Tuberculosis（结核病）9. Sanitation（卫生）10. Vaccine Preventable Diseases（可通过疫苗预防的疾病）（文档将持续更新，敬请期待后续内容）十一、医疗伦理与法律词汇翻译1. Medical Ethics（医疗伦理）2. Informed Consent（知情同意）3. Confidentiality（保密性）4. Malpractice（医疗过失）5. Patient's Rights（患者权利）6. HIPAA（健康保险便携与责任法案）7. Do No Harm（不伤害原则）8. EndofLife Care（临终关怀）9. Euthanasia（安乐死）10. Bioethics（生物伦理学）十二、医学术语与缩写翻译1. BMI (Body Mass Index)（身体质量指数）2. CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)（心肺复苏）3. ECG (Electrocardiogram)（心电图）4. EEG (Electroencephalogram)（脑电图）5. IV (Intravenous)（静脉注射）6. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)（磁共振成像）7. NGO (NonGovernmental Organization)（非政府组织）8. RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)（核糖核酸）9. STD (Sexually Transmitted Disease)（性传播疾病）10. WHO (World Health Organization)（世界卫生组织）十三、医学研究与学术词汇翻译1. Clinical Trial（临床试验）2. Research Protocol（研究方案）3. Randomized Control Trial（随机对照试验）4. Placebo（安慰剂）5. Peer Review（同行评审）6. Grant Funding（资助基金）7. Hypothesis（假设）8. Data Analysis（数据分析）9. Publish（发表）10. Citation（引用）十四、中医与替代医学词汇翻译1. Traditional Chinese Medicine（中医）2. Acupuncture（针灸）3. Herbal Medicine（草药医学）4. Qi（气）5. Meridian（经络）6. Homeopathy（顺势疗法）7. Naturopathy（自然疗法）8. Ayurveda（阿育吠陀医学）9. Chiropractic（脊椎按摩疗法）10. Reiki（灵气疗法）十五、医疗管理与政策词汇翻译1. Health Insurance（健康保险）2. Health Policy（健康政策）3. Healthcare System（医疗体系）4. Primary Care（初级护理）5. Specialist（专家）6. Telemedicine（远程医疗）7. Health Economics（卫生经济学）8. Health Education（健康教育）9. Hospital Administration（医院管理）10. Medical Tourism（医疗旅游）（文档将持续更新，敬请期待后续内容）。
医学英语课文翻译unit1-7
Unit1肺和肾的功能肺的血管系统肺从两个血管系统----支气管循环系统和肺循环系统获得血液供应。
它的营养血液来自于支气管循环系统，流向肺部除肺泡外的所有组织，因为支气管循环系统始于主动脉及上肋间动脉，接受大约1%的心输出量。
大约三分之一的支气管循环的静脉输出流入全身静脉，然后回到右心房。
剩余的输出流入肺静脉，并在心脏最小静脉的作用下，在正常情况下，以1%-2%的量自右向左分流。
肺动脉系统沿着气道从肺门向外周延伸，向下连接下段气道（直径大约2毫米）的动脉，它们壁薄且富有弹性。
从这儿开始，动脉成肌肉化发展，直至其达到30微米，此时肌层消失。
因为这些小肌肉动脉起着积极控制肺部血流分布的作用，所以大部分动脉压降产生在这些小肌肉动脉中。
肺小动脉将血液排空，送入广泛分布的毛细血管网，进入肺静脉。
肺静脉的壁很薄，它们最终在肺门处与动脉和支气管汇合，出肺进入左心房。
肾结构成分人类肾脏在解剖学上位于腹膜后隙，与下胸椎和上腰椎平行。
每个成年人的肾脏大约重150克，长、宽、厚分别为12厘米、6厘米以及3厘米。
肾脏的冠状部分分为/由两个明确的区域（组成）。
外周部的皮质大约1厘米厚，深部的髓质由几个肾锥体构成。
这些锥体状结构的底部位于皮髓质结合处。
锥体的顶部伸入肾门，称为肾**。
每个肾**被一个肾小盏包裹。
肾小盏与肾大盏相聚组成肾盂。
经肾**流出的尿液汇集在肾盂，通过输尿管排入膀胱。
由主动脉分支出来的肾总动脉为两肾输送血液。
肾总动脉通常分为两个主侧支，这两个侧支又进一步分为叶动脉，为肾脏上、中、下区域供应血液。
当这些血管进入肾实质，变成叶间动脉通向肾皮质时，（这些血管）又进一步细分。
细分后的更小血管在皮髓质结合处成为竖支--弓状动脉。
从弓状动脉伸出的叶间动脉进入皮质。
由于传入小动脉始于这些末端叶间动脉，所以为肾小球毛细血管输送血液。
组织学上，肾脏是由一个叫做“肾单位”的基本单位组成。
每个肾脏约含有一百万个肾单位，“肾单位”有两个主要成分：过滤成分―紧包着毛细血管网（肾小球）和一个附着在上面的小管组成。
医学英语新教材下册unit4翻译(DOC)
Section B ReadingsPassage 1Hyperactivity Disorder多动症Symptoms and Signs1 For over 50 years physicians have been evaluating and treating children who show various combinations of motoric overactivity, impulsivity, distractibility, and inattentiveness. During that time, the terminology describing these children has changed, reflecting the shifting ideas about etiology and about the relationship of the symptoms of overactivity to the symptoms of inattentiveness. Called at different times minimal brain damage, minimal brain dysfunction, hyperactive child syndrome, hyperactive reaction of childhood, and attention-deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity, the syndrome is now known as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In DSM-IV, ADHD is divided into three subtypes：a combined type (most frequent), a pre- dominantly inattentive type, and a predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type. This most recent diagnostic terminology reflects current thinking about the possible heterogeneity of this disorder.症状和体征1 内科医生们一直在进行着对一类孩子长达五十多年的诊断和治疗，这些孩子都体现出了一种或几种如下特点，即：肢体运动过于活跃，性格易冲动，注意力涣散，和粗心大意。
医学英语翻译常用专业词汇
这里会聚了中西医学行业的大部分英语词汇和详细讲解，假如要查询相关词汇，你可以点此word文档工具栏的“编辑〞，找到“查找〞，然后点开输入你要查询的词汇就可以查询了。
西医篇：1、医院部门及科室名称2、医务人员名称3、诊断和治疗常用词汇4、常见疾病名称5、常见手术名称6、常用药物名称7、常用护理术语8、常用临床医学术语9、医疗器材10、医学英语快速记忆－后缀11、主要人体系统名称12、医院类型名称13、医学词汇14、医学常用字首与字根1.医院部门及科室名称out-patient department 门诊部In-patient department 住院部Nursing department 护理部Admission office 住院处Discharge office 出院处Registration office 挂号处Reception room, waiting room 侯诊室Consultation room 诊察室Isolation room 隔离室Delivery room 分娩室Emergency room 急诊室Ward 病房室Department of internal medicine 内科Department of surgery 外科Department of pediatrics 儿科Department of obstetrics and gynecology 妇科Department of neurology 神经科Department of ophtalmology 眼科E.N.T.department 耳鼻喉科Department of stomatology 口腔科Department of urology 泌尿科Department of orthopedic 骨科Department of traumatology 创伤科Department of endocrinology 内分泌科Department of anesthesiology 麻醉科Department of dermatology 皮肤科Department of infectious diseases 传染病科Department of pathology 病理科Department of psychiatry 精神科Department of orthopacdic surgery 矫形外科Department of cardiac surgery 心脏外科Department of cerebral surgery 脑外科Department of thoracic surgery 胸外科Pharmacy dispensary 药房Nutrition department 营养部Diet-preparation department 配膳室Therapeutic department 治疗室Operating room/Theater 手术室Blood-bank 血站Supply-room 供给室Disinfection-room 消毒室Dressing room 换药室Mortuary 太平间Record room 病案室Department of plastic surgery 矫形外科Department of physiotherapy 理疗科electrotherapy room 电疗科heliotherapy room 光疗科wax-therapy room 蜡疗科hydrotherapy room 水疗科central laboratory 中心实验室clinical laboratory 临床实验室bacteriological laboratory 细菌实验室biochemical laboratory 生化实验室serological laboratory 血清实验室X-ray room X光室doctor’s office 医生办公室nurse’s office 护士办公室2.医务人员名称director of the hospital 院长physician 内科医师chief physician 主任医师associate chief physician 副主任医师attending doctor 主治医师resident doctor 住院医师intern doctor 实习医师general practitioner 全科医师specialist 专科医师head of the nursing department 护理部主任Head nurse 护士长Student nurse 实习护士E.N.T.doctor 耳鼻喉科医师Ophthalmologist 眼科医师Dentist 牙科医师Orthopedist 骨科医师Dermatologist 皮肤科医师urologist surgeon 泌尿外科医师neurosurgeon 神经外科医师plastic surgeon 矫形外科医师anaesthetist 麻醉科医师Doctor for tuberculosis 结核科医师Physiotherapist 理疗科Doctor for infectious diseases 传染病科Dietician 营养科医师Pediatrician 儿科医师Obstetrician 产科医师Midwife 助产师Gynecologist 妇科医师Radiologist 放射科医师Epidemiologist 流行病医师Pharmacist 药剂医师Assistant pharmacist 药剂医士Laboratory technician 化验员Assistant nurse 卫生员Cleaner 清洁员Controller 总务科长Registrar 挂号员Sanitation worker 消毒员3.诊断和治疗常用词汇inspection 望诊inquiry 问诊auscultation 听诊percussion 扣诊palpation 触诊biopsy 活组织检查pathological section 病理切片endoscopy 内窥镜检查ECG(electrocardiogram) examination 心电图检查EEG(electrocardiogram) examination 脑电图检查Intravenous pyelography 静脉肾盂造影术Skin-test 皮肤试验examination by centesis 穿刺检查routine analysis of blood 血常规分析urine analysis of blood 尿常规分析red blood cell count(RBC) 红细胞计数white blood cell count(WBC) 白细胞计数general check-up 全身检查routine examination 常规检查follow-up examination 随访检查consultation 会诊emergency 急诊diagnosis 诊断prognosis 预后convalescence, recovery 康复relapse 复发treatment 治疗prescribe 开药方fill a prescription 配药injecting 打针hypodermic injection 皮下注射intramuscular injection 肌肉注射intravenous injection 静脉注射inoculating 预防注射fluid infusion 点滴注射blood transfusion 输血dose 剂量tablet 药片capsule 胶囊liquid medicine 药水powder 药粉ointment 药膏〔软膏〕plaster 硬膏，石膏lotion 洗剂suppository 栓剂analgesics 止痛药antipyetics 退烧药antitussive 止咳药expectorant 祛痰药diuretics 利尿药hemostatic 止血药antidiarrheal 止泄药antipruritic 止痒药antidote 解毒药antirheumatic 抗风湿药anticarcinogen 抗癌药antibiotics 抗菌素anticoagulant 抗凝剂cardiac tonic 强心药vasodilator 血管舒张药vasoconstrictor 血管收缩药antiepileptic 抗癫痫药antispasmodic 解痉药sedative 镇静药anesthetics 麻醉药penicillin 盘尼西林streptomycin 链霉素gentamycin 庆大霉素aspirin 阿斯匹林morphine 吗啡dolantin 杜冷丁iodine 碘酒distilled water 蒸馏水normal saline solution 生理食盐水atropine 阿托品hormone 激素glucose 葡萄糖side effect, adverse effect 副作用operative treatment 手术疗法major operation 大手术minor operation 小手术anesthesia 麻醉general anesthesia 全身麻醉local anesthesia 部分麻醉excision, removal, resection 切除术tonsillectomy 扁桃体切除术thyroidectomy 甲状腺切除术pneumonectomy 肺切除术mastectomy 乳房切除术gastrectomy 胃切除术cholecystectomy 胆囊切除术hepalobectomy 肝叶切除术splenectomy 脾切除术nephrectomy 肾切除术salpingectomy 输卵管切除术hysterectomy 子宫切除术hysteromyomectomy 子宫肌瘤切除术proctectomy 直肠切除术appendectomy 阑尾切除术prostatectomy 前列腺切除术tracheotomy 气管切开术incision of abscess 脓肿切开术craniotomy 颅骨切开thoracotomy 胸廓切开laparotomy 剖腹术amputation 截肢fixation 固定hot compress 热敷cold compress 冷敷gastric lavage 洗胃enema 灌肠urethral catheterication 导尿hemostasis 止血dressing 包扎sew up the incision 缝合切口remove the stitches 拆线cardiac massage 心脏按摩artificial respiration 人工呼吸diet 饮食special diet 特定饮食low protein diet 低蛋白饮食low fat diet 低脂肪饮食low calorie diet 低热量饮食liquid diet 流质饮食semi-liquid diet 半流质饮食solid diet 固体饮食light diet 易消化的饮食vegetable diet 素食4.常见疾病名称Internal Medicine 内科Acidosis 酸中毒Adams-Stokes syndrome 亚－斯氏综合症alcoholism, alcoholic intoxication 酒精中毒alkalosis 碱中毒anaphylaxis 过敏症anemia 贫血iron deficiency anemia 缺铁性贫血megaloblastic anemia 巨幼红细胞性贫血aplastic anemia 再生障碍性贫血angiitis 脉管炎angina pectoris 心绞痛arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化apoplexy 中风auricular fibrillation 心房纤颤auriculo-ventricular block 房室传导阻滞bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘bronchitis 支气管炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张bronchopneumonia 支气管肺炎carcinoma 癌cardiac arrhythmia 心律紊乱cardiac failure 心力衰竭cardiomyopathy 心肌病cirrhosis 肝硬化coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠状动脉硬化性心脏病Crohn disease 克罗恩病Cushing’s syndr ome 库欣综合症diabetes 糖尿病diffuse intravascular coagulation 弥散性血管凝血dysentery 痢疾enteritis 肠炎gastric ulcer 胃溃疡gastritis 胃炎gout 痛风hepatitis 肝炎Hodgkin’s disease 霍奇金病hyperlipemia 高脂血症，血脂过多hyperparathyroidism 甲状旁腺功能亢进hypersplenism 脾功能亢进hypertension 高血压hyperthyroidism 甲状腺功能亢进hypoglycemia 低血糖hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能减退infective endocarditis 感染性心内膜炎influenza 流感leukemia 白血病lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎lymphadenitis 淋巴结炎lymphoma 淋巴瘤malaria 疟疾malnutrition 营养不良measles 麻疹myeloma 骨髓瘤myocardial infarction 心肌梗死myocarditis 心肌炎nephritis 肾炎nephritic syndrome 肾综合症obstructive pulmonary emphysema 阻塞性肺气肿pancreatitis 胰腺炎peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡peritonitis 腹膜炎pleuritis 胸膜炎pneumonia 肺炎pneumothorax 气胸purpura 紫癜allergic purpura 过敏性紫癜thrombocytolytic purpura 血小板减少性紫癜pyelonephritis 肾盂肾炎renal failure 肾功能衰竭rheumatic fever 风湿病rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿性关节炎scarlet fever 猩红热septicemia 败血症syphilis 梅毒tachycardia 心动过速tumour 肿瘤typhoid 伤寒ulcerative colitis 溃疡性结肠炎upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage 上消化道血Neurology 神经科brain abscess 脑脓肿cerebral embolism 脑栓塞cerebral infarction 脑梗死cerebral thrombosis 脑血栓cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血concussion of brain 脑震荡craniocerebral injury 颅脑损伤epilepsy 癫痫intracranial tumour 颅内肿瘤intracranial hematoma 颅内血肿meningitis 脑膜炎migraine 偏头痛neurasthenia 神经衰弱neurosis 神经官能症paranoid psychosis 偏执性精神病Parkinson’s disease 帕金森综合症psychosis 精神病schizophrenia 精神分裂症Surgery 外科abdominal external hernia 腹外疝acute diffuse peritonitis 急性弥漫性腹膜炎acute mastitis 急性乳腺炎acute pancreatitis 急性胰腺炎acute perforation of gastro-duodenal ulcer急性胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔acute pyelonephritis 急性肾盂肾炎anal fissure 肛裂anal fistula 肛瘘anesthesia 麻醉angioma 血管瘤appendicitis 阑尾炎bleeding of gastro-duodenal ulcer 胃十二指肠溃疡出血bone tumour 骨肿瘤breast adenoma 乳房腺瘤burn 烧伤cancer of breast 乳腺癌carbuncle 痈carcinoma of colon 结肠炎carcinoma of esophagus 食管癌carcinoma of gallbladder 胆囊癌carcinoma of rectum 直肠癌carcinoma of stomach 胃癌cholecystitis 胆囊炎cervical spondylosis 颈椎病choledochitis 胆管炎cholelithiasis 胆石症chondroma 软骨瘤dislocation of joint 关节脱位erysipelas 丹毒fracture 骨折furuncle 疖hemorrhoid 痔hemothorax 血胸hypertrophy of prostate 前列腺肥大intestinal obstruction 肠梗阻intestinal tuberculosis 肠结核lipoma 脂肪瘤lithangiuria 尿路结石liver abscess 肝脓肿melanoma 黑色素瘤osseous tuberculosis 骨结核osteoclastoma 骨巨细胞瘤osteoporosis 骨质疏松症osteosarcoma 骨质疏松症osteosarcoma 骨肉瘤Paget’s disease 佩吉特病perianorecrtal abscess 肛管直肠周围脓肿phlegmon 蜂窝织炎portal hypertension 门静脉高压prostatitis 前列腺炎protrusion of intervertebral disc 椎间盘突出purulent arthritis 化脓性关节炎pyogenic ostcomyclitis 化脓性骨髓炎pyothorax 脓胸rectal polyp 直肠息肉rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿性关节炎rupture of spleen 脾破裂scapulohumeral periarthritis 肩周炎tenosynovitis 腱鞘炎tetanus 破伤风thromboangiitis 血栓性脉管炎thyroid adenocarcinoma 甲状腺腺癌thyroid adenoma 甲状腺腺瘤trauma 创伤urinary infection 泌尿系感染varicose vein of lower limb 下肢静脉曲张Paediatrics 儿科acute military tuberculosis of the lung 急性粟粒性肺结核acute necrotic enteritis 急性坏死性结肠炎anaphylactic purpura 过敏性紫癜ancylostomiasis 钩虫病ascariasis 蛔虫病asphyxia of the newborn 新生儿窒息atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损birth injury 产伤cephalhematoma 头颅血肿cerebral palsy 脑性瘫痪congenital torticollis 先天性斜颈convulsion 惊厥Down’s syndrome 唐氏综合症glomerulonephritis 肾小球肾炎hemophilia 血友病infantile diarrhea 婴儿腹泻intracranial hemorrhage of the newborn 新生儿颅内出血intussusception 肠套叠necrotic enterocolitis of newborn 新生儿坏死性小肠结膜炎neonatal jaundice 新生儿黄疸nutritional iron deficiency anemia 营养性缺铁性贫血nutritional megaloblastic anemia 营养性巨幼细胞性贫血patent ductus arteriosis 动脉导管未闭poliomyelitis 骨髓灰质炎premature infant 早产儿primary tuberculosis 原发性肺结核progressive muscular dystrophy 进展性肌肉营养不良pulmonary stenosis 肺动脉狭窄purulent meningitis 化脓性脑膜炎rickets 佝偻病sepsis of the newborn 新生儿败血症tetanus of the newborn 新生儿破伤风tetralogy of Fallot 法洛四联症thrush 鹅口疮，真菌性口炎varicella 水痘ventricular septal defect 室间隔缺损viral encephalitis 病毒性脑炎viral myocarditis 病毒性心肌炎Gynecology and Obstetrics 妇，产科abortion 流产adenomyosis 子宫内膜异位症amniotic fluid embolism 羊水栓塞Bartholin’s cyst 巴氏腺囊肿carcinoma of cervix 子宫颈癌carcinoma of endometrium 子宫内膜癌carcinoma of ovary 卵巢癌cervicitis 宫颈炎chorio-epithelioma 绒毛膜上皮癌corpora luteum cyst 黄体囊肿dystocia 难产eclampsia 子痫edema-proteinuria-hypertension syndrome水肿蛋白尿高血压综合征〔妊娠高血压综合征〕endometriosis 子宫内膜异位症extrauterine pregnancy 子宫外孕hydatidiform mole 葡萄胎hyperemesis gravidarum 妊娠剧吐infertility 不育症irregular menstruation 月经失调lochia 恶露monilial vaginitis 念珠菌性阴道炎multiple pregnancy 多胎妊娠myoma of uterus 子宫肿瘤oligohydramnios 羊水过少ovarian tumour 卵巢肿瘤pelvic inflammatory disease 盆腔炎placenta previa 前置胎盘placental abruption 胎盘早期剥离pregnancy-hypertension syndrome 妊娠高血压综合症premature birth 早产premature rupture of membrane 胎膜早破postpartum hemorrhage 产后出血puerperal infection 产褥感染rupture of uterus 子宫破裂trichomonas vaginitis 滴虫性阴道炎uteroplacental apoplexy 子宫胎盘卒中vulvitis 外阴炎Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology 五官科amblyopia 弱视amygdalitis, tonsillitis 扁桃体炎astigmatism 散光carcinoma of nasopharynx鼻咽癌carcinoma of larynx 喉癌cataract 白内障tinnitus 耳鸣chalazion 霰粒肿，脸板腺囊肿colour blindness 色盲deflection of nasal septum 鼻中隔偏曲deafness 聋furuncle of nasalvestibule 鼻前庭疖glaucoma 青光眼heterotropia 斜视hyperopia 远视injury of cornea 角膜损伤ceruminal impaction 耵聍嵌塞iritis 虹膜炎keratitis 角膜炎labyrinthitis 迷路炎，内耳炎laryngitis 喉炎mastoiditis 乳突炎myopia 近视nasal sinusitis 鼻窦炎otitis media 中耳炎obstruction of larynx 喉梗阻peritonsillar abscess 扁桃体中脓肿pharyngitis 咽炎rhinitis 鼻炎Dermatoloty 皮科acne 痤疮carcinoma of skin 皮肤癌bed sore 褥疮decubitus ulcer 褥疮性溃疡drug eruption 药皮疹eczema 湿疹herpes simplex 单纯疱疹herpes zoster 带状疱疹lupus erythematosis 红斑狼疮psoriasis 牛皮癣urticaria 荨麻疹wart 疣5.常见手术名称General Sugery 普外appendectomy (appendicectomy) 阑尾切除术cholecystectmy 胆囊切除术cholecystostomy 胆囊造口术drainage of the abscess 脓肿引流enterostomy 肠造口术exploratory laparotomy 开腹探查术gastrectomy 胃切除术gastroduodenostomy 胃十二指肠吻合术hemorrhoidectomy 痔切除术hepaticotomy 肝管切开术hepatectomy 肝切除术herniorrhaphy 疝修补术ligation of lower oesophageal veins 低位食管静脉结扎pancreatectomy 胰切除术portal vena cava anastomosis 门腔静脉吻合术pyloroplasty 幽门成形术mastectomy 乳房切除术splenectomy 脾切除术thyroidectomy 甲状腺切除术thyroid lobectomy 甲状腺叶切除术vagotomy 迷走神经切断术Orthopedics 骨科amputation 截肢arthrodesis 关节固定术curettage if bone tumor 骨瘤刮除术excision of bone tumor 骨瘤切除术external fixation 外固定fasciotomy 筋膜切开术free skin graft 自由皮瓣移植internal fixation 内固定plaster cast 石膏管形plaster splintage 石膏夹板固定prosthetic replacement for joint 人工关节置换术reduction of fracture 骨折复位reduction of joint dislocation 关节脱位复位repair if ligament 韧带修补replantation if digit断指再植skeletal traction 骨牵引tenorrhaphy 腱缝合术Thoracic Surgery 胸外科aortocoronary bypass 主动脉冠状动脉分流closed drainage of pleural cavity 胸腔闭式引流complete intracardiac repair of Fallot’s Tetralogy 法洛完全修复术dilation of aortic valular stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄扩张术exploratory thoracotomy 开胸探查heart transplantation 心脏移植heart valve replacement 心脏瓣膜置换术ligation of patent ductus arteriosis 动脉导管未闭结扎术lobectomy of lungs 肺叶切除local excision of tumor of lungs 肺肿瘤部分切除术parial esophagectomy and reconstruction of esophagus 食管部分切除、重建repair of auricular septal defect 房间隔缺损修补术repair if ventricular septal defect 室间隔缺损修补术repair if valvular insufficiency 瓣膜闭锁不全的修补pericardiectomy 心包切除术peicardiotomy 心包切开术pulmonary embolectomy 肺动脉栓子切除术resection of arterial aneurysm动脉瘤切除术Urology 泌尿科cystoplasty 膀胱成形术cystostomy 膀胱造口术nephrectomy 肾切除术nephrostomy肾造口术nephrolithotomy肾石切除术orchiectomy睾丸切除术prostatectomy前列腺切除术renal biopsy肾活检renal transplantation肾移植urethra-lithotomy输尿管结石切除urethroplasty 尿道成形术vasoligation 输精管结扎术Neurosurgery 神经外科decompression 减压术excision of brain tumor 脑瘤切除术exploratory craniotomy开颅探查术lobectomy 〔脑〕叶切除术removed of intracranial hematoma 颅内血肿去除术repair of dura defect 硬脑膜缺损修补术Dentistry 牙科dental prosthetics 镶牙filling 牙填充orthodontic treatment 牙矫正术periodontal treatment 牙周治疗tooth extraction 拔牙Gynecology & Obstetrics 妇产科amniocentesis 羊膜穿刺术cervicectomy 子宫颈切除术cesarean section 剖宫产术剖腹产culdocentesis 后穹隆穿刺术dilatation of the cervix 宫颈扩张术excision of Bartholin cyst 巴氏腺囊肿切除术hysterectomy 子宫切除术induction of labor 引产术ovarian cystectomy 助产术oophorectomy 卵巢切除术salpingectomy 输卵管切除术sterilization 绝育术uterine curetlage 刮宫术vulvectomy 外阴切除术Ophthalmology & Otorhinolaryngology 五官科aspiration of cataract 白内障吸出术closed reduction of nasal bone 鼻骨闭合复位corneal grafting 角膜移植enucleation of eyeball 眼球摘除术excision of turbinates 鼻甲切除术extraction of intra-ocular foreign body 眼内异物摘除laryngectomy and laryngostomy 喉切除术和喉造口术lens extraction 晶体摘除mastoidectomy 乳突切开术myringotomy 鼓膜切开术myringoplasty 鼓膜成形术nasal polypectomy 鼻息肉切除术septoplasty 〔鼻〕中隔成形术sinusotomy 鼻窦切开术submuscous resection of nasal septum 鼻中隔粘膜下切除术tonsillectomy 扁桃体切除术tympanoplasty 鼓室成形术6.常用药物名称Antibiotics 抗生素albomycin 白霉素ampicillin 氨苄青霉素berberine 黄连素carbenicillin 羧苄青霉素cephaloridine 先锋霉素IIcephtlothin 先锋霉素Ichloromycetin 氯霉素erythromycin 红霉素furbenicillin 呋苄青霉素gentamycin 庆大霉素griseofulvin 灰黄霉素kanamycin 卡那霉素meecamycin, medemycin 麦迪加霉素，麦迪霉素neomycin 新霉素penicillin G 青霉素Gpolymyxin B 多粘菌素Bstreptomycin 链霉素terramycin 合霉素terramycin 土霉素Sulfonamides and Furane Derivatives 磺胺类及呋喃类药furacilin 呋喃西林furazolicone 呋喃唑酮，痢特灵sulfacetamide (SA) 磺胺醋酰sulfaciazine (SD) 磺胺嘧啶sulfadimidine (SM2) 磺胺二甲嘧啶sulfamethoxazole 新诺明，磺胺甲噁唑trimethoprim (TMP) 增效磺胺Sedatives and Tranquilizers 镇静、安定药chlordiazepoxide, librium 利眠宁chlorpromazine, wintermine 氯丙嗪,冬眠药diazepam, valium 地西泮，安定fluphenazine 氟奋乃静meprobamate, miltown 甲丙氨酯，眠尔通oryzanol 谷维素pentobarbital 戊巴比妥perphenazine 奋乃静phenobarbital, luminal 本巴比妥，鲁米那Analgesics 镇痛药codeine phosphate 磷酸可待因dolantin, pethidine 度冷丁，哌替啶opium tincture 阿片酊pentazocine 镇痛新Analgesics 解热镇痛药analgin 安乃近aspirin 阿司匹林aspirin compound tablet (APC) 复方阿司匹林butazolidin, butazone 保泰松chlofenamic acid 抗风湿灵，氯灭酸indomethacin, indacin 吲哆美辛，消炎痛ibuprofen 布洛芬paracetamol 对乙酰氨基酚，扑热息痛phenacetin 非那西丁somedon 索密痛Atitussives and Bronchial Spasm Relaxants 镇咳、解痉药aerosol isoprenaline异丙肾上腺素气雾剂aminophylline 氨茶碱carbetapentane, toclase 咳必清brown mixture棕色合剂，复方干草合剂chloperastine 咳平ephedrine 麻黄素isoprenaline 异丙肾上腺素salbutamol 舒喘灵Drags for Digestive Diseases 消化系统疾病用药yeast 酵母片Lactasin, biofermin 乳酶生pancreatin 胰酶pepsin 胃蛋白酶atropine 阿托品belladonna extract 颠茄浸膏benactyzine 胃复康probanthine 普鲁苯辛sodium bicarbonate 小苏打vitamin U 维生素Uranitidine 雷尼替丁liquid paraffin 液体石蜡magnesium sulfate 硫酸镁dehydrocholic acid 去氢胆酸glucurone 肝泰乐glutamic acid 谷氨酸sodium taurocholate 胆酸钠Drugs for Cardiovascular Diseases 心血管疾病用药lidocaine 利多卡因mexiletine 美西律oxprenolol 氧烯洛尔，心得平procainamid hydrochloride 盐酸普鲁卡因胺propranolol dinitrate 普萘洛尔，心得安persantin 双咪哌胺醇，潘生丁quinidine 奎尼丁verapamil 异博定nitroglycerine 硝酸甘油nifedipine 硝苯地平，心痛定isosorbide dinitrate 硝酸异山梨酯，消心痛digoxin 地高辛digitoxin 洋地黄毒甙cedilanid 西地兰Antihypertensive Drugs 抗高血压药atenolol 氨酰心安captopril 开博通，卡托普利furazosin 派唑嗪methyl dopa 甲基多巴nimodipine tablet尼莫地平片reserpine 利血平sodium nitroprusside 硝普钠vertical 降压灵dibazol 地巴唑Antituberculosis Drugs 抗结核药ethambutol 乙胺丁醇isoniazid 异烟肼para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) 对氨基水杨酸pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺rifampin利福平Antifungal and Antiviral Agents 抗真菌及抗病毒药amphotericin 二性霉素clotrimazole 克霉唑flagyl 灭滴灵，甲硝唑ketoconazole 酮康唑nystatin 制霉菌素amantadine 金刚烷胺，金刚胺moroxydine(ABOB) 病毒灵，吗啉胍Antianemic Agents 抗贫血药calcium leucovorin 甲酰四氢叶酸钙，甲叶钙cobalt chloride 氯化钴ferric ammonium citrate 枸橼酸铁胺，柠檬酸铁胺ferrous sulfate 硫酸亚铁，硫酸低铁folic acid 叶酸iron dextran 右旋糖酐铁lliver extract 肝精vitamin B12 维生素B12Anti-allergic Agents 抗过敏药calcium gluconate 葡萄糖酸钙chlorpheniramine 扑尔敏diphenhydramine, benadryl 苯海拉明，苯那君histaglobulin 组织胺球蛋白promethazine, phenergan 异丙嗪，非那根Anthelminthics 驱肠虫药areca 槟榔levamisole 左旋咪唑，驱钩蛔piperazine citrate 驱蛔灵Vitamins 维生素compound rutin 复方芦丁calcium pantothenate 泛酸钙nicotinamide(NAA) 烟酰胺nicotinic acid(NA) 烟酸pyritinol hydrochloricde 脑复新vitamin A 维生素Avitamin B1 维生素B1vitamin B2, riboflavin维生素B2，核黄素vitamin B6, pyridoxine 维生素B6，吡哆醇vitamin B compound 复合维生素Bvitamin C, ascorbic acid 维生素C，抗坏血酸vitamin D2, calciferol 维生素D2，骨化醇vitamin D3, cholecalciferol 维生素D3，胆维丁vitamin E, tocopherol 维生素E，生育酚Hormones 激素corticotrophin (ACTH) 促肾上腺皮质激素cortisone 可的松desoxycorticosterone (DOCA) 去氧皮质酮dexamethasone 地塞米松fluocinolone acetonide 肤轻松hydrocortisone氢化可的松prednisolone强的松龙，去氢氢化可的松prednisone 强的松，去氢可的松chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) 绒毛膜促性腺激素，绒膜激素clomiphene 克罗米芬estradiol benzoate 苯甲酸雌二醇medroxyprogesterone acetate, provera 安宫黄体酮megestrol 甲地孕酮methyltestosterone 甲基睾丸素progesterone 黄体酮stillboestrol 乙烯雌酚testosterone propionate 丙酸睾丸素Cancer Chemotherapeutic Drugs and Drugs on the Immune System 肿瘤化疗制剂及免疫系统用药Adriamycin 阿霉素azathioprine(AZP) 硫唑嘌呤cyclophosphamide(CTX) 环磷酰氮芥cyclosporine A 环孢霉素A，环孢灵cytarabine 阿糖胞苷dactinomycin 放线菌素D，更生霉素fluorouracil 氟尿嘧啶hydrocortisone 氢化可的松，氢可的松interferon 干扰素levamisole 左旋四咪唑，左咪唑methotrexate 甲氨蝶呤thiotepa 塞替哌thymosin 胸腺素vincristine(VCR) 长春新碱Agents Used for Metabolic Diseases 治疗代谢性疾病用药insulin 胰岛素Lugol’s solution 卢戈尔液glibenclamide 格列本脲，优降糖propylthiouracil 丙基硫氧嘧啶phenformin 苯乙双胍，降糖灵tapazole 甲巯咪唑，他巴唑thyroid 甲状腺，甲状腺剂tolbutamide 甲磺丁脲，甲糖宁protamine zinc insulin (PZI) 精蛋白锌胰岛素〔长效〕Fluids for Infusion 静脉输液concentrated sodium chloride injection 浓氯化钠注射液5% glucose in normal saline (GNS) 5％葡萄糖盐水5% glucose solution (GS) 5％葡萄糖溶液Normal saline(NS) 生理盐水10% potassium chloride 10％氯化钾Ringer’s solution 林格溶液，复方氯化钠溶液5% sodium bicarbonate 5％碳酸氢钠％谷氨酸钠％乳酸钠Biological Products 生物制品aprotinin 抑肽酶bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine 卡介苗cytochrome C 细胞色素Cdiphtheria antitoxin (DAT) 白喉抗毒素Gamma globulin 丙种球蛋白Hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶lysozyme 溶菌酶pancreatin 胰酶streptokinase(SK) 溶栓酶，链激酶tetanus antitoxin 破伤风抗霉素urokinase 尿激酶Eye and ENT Drugs 眼、耳、鼻、喉用药atropine 阿托品borax 硼沙chloramphenicol eye drops 氯霉素滴眼液cortisone acetate eye drops 醋酸可的松滴眼液homatropine 后马托品sodium sulfacetamide 磺胺醋酰钠boric acid alcohol 硼酸酒精chloramphenicol glycerin 氯霉素甘油滴耳液ephedrine nose drops 麻黄素滴鼻液furacilin solution 呋喃西林溶液neomycin solution 新霉素溶液Drugs for External Use 外用药ammonia solution 氨溶液bromo-geramine 苯扎溴铵，新洁尔灭hibitane 氯已定，洗必泰mercurochrome 红汞phenol 酚potassium permanganate(PP) 高锰酸钾silver nitrate 硝酸银turpentine oil 松节油hydrogen peroxide 双氧水gentian violet 甲紫，紫药水Anesthetics 麻醉药ether 乙醚ethyl chloride 氯乙烷procaine 普鲁卡因sodium pentothal 硫喷妥钠lidocaine 利多卡因fluothane 氟烷7.常用护理术语Nursing processes 护理过程assessment 估计nursing diagnosis 护理诊断planning 方案intervention (implementation, management) 措施〔施行、管理〕evaluation 评价Daily care of the patient 对病人的日常护理morning (evening) care, AM (HS) care 晨〔晚〕间护理bedmaking 整理床铺oral hygiene (mouth care) 口腔卫生brushing the teeth 刷牙flossing the teeth 清牙垢denture care 清洗假牙bathing 洗澡cleanliness and skin care 清洁与皮肤护理perineal care 洗会阴hair 梳头shaving 刮脸Care of nails and feet 指甲修剪和洗脚changing hospital gowns 更换住院服装massage 按摩bedsore care 褥疮护理Measurement of vital signs 测量生命体征taking oral (rectal, axillary) temperature量口腔〔直肠、腋下〕体温taking a radial pulse 测量桡动脉脉搏counting respirations 计呼吸次数measuring (taking) blood pressure 量血压Catheterization 导管插入术cardiac catheterization 心导管插入术laryngeal catheterization喉插管术retro-urethral catheterization 逆行导尿管插入术urethral catheterization 尿道导管插入术Clean techniques, medical asepsis 消毒灭菌asepsis 无菌〔法〕integral asepsis 完全无菌disinfection 消毒concomitant (concurrent) disinfection 随时消毒，即时消毒steam disinfection 蒸汽消毒terminal disinfection 终末消毒disinfection by ultraviolet light 紫外线消毒Sterilization 灭菌，消毒chemical sterilization 化学灭菌法fractional sterilization 间歇灭菌法intermittent sterilization 间歇灭菌法mechanical sterilization 器械灭菌法Decompression 减压〔术〕oardiac decompression 心减压术cerebral decompression 脑减压术orbital decompression 眼眶减压术decompression of decompression 心包减压术gastro-intestinal decompression 胃肠减压术decompression of rectum 直肠减压术decompression of spinal cord 脊髓减压术Dialysis透析peritoneal dialysis腹膜透析hemodialysis 血液透析Drainage 引流、导液aspiration (suction) drainage 吸引导液〔引流〕closed drainage 关闭引流法negative pressure drainage 负压吸引法open drainage 开放引流法postural drainage 体位引流法vaginal drainage 阴道引流法vesicocelomic drainage 膀胱腹腔引流Drainage 灌肠barium enema钡灌肠blind enema肛管排气法contrast enema比照灌肠glycerin enema甘油灌肠high (low) enema 高〔低〕位灌肠magnesium sulfate enema 硫酸镁灌肠retention (non-retention) enema 保存〔无保存〕灌肠soapsuds enema 肥皂水灌肠turpentine enema 松节油灌肠Feeding 饲，喂养Forced (forcible) feeding 强迫喂养intubtaion (tube) feeding 管饲法nasal feeding 鼻饲法rectal feeding 直肠营养法Heat and clod applications 冷、热敷applying hot compresses 热敷applying hot soaks 湿热敷assisting the patient to take a sitz bath 帮病人坐浴applying hot water bottles 用热水瓶applying an ice bag (collar0 用冰袋applying cold compresses 冷敷giving a cold (an alcohol) sponge bath 冷水〔酒精〕擦浴Infusion 输入，注入glucose infusion 葡萄糖液输注glucose-saline infusion 葡萄糖－盐水输注saline infusion 盐水输注Injection 注射endermic (intracutaneous) injection 皮内注射hypertonic saline injection 高渗盐水注射hypodermic injection 皮下注射intramuscular injection 肌内注射intraocular injection 眼球注射intrapleural injection 胸膜腔注射intrauterine injection 子宫内注射nasal injection 鼻内注射peritoneal injection 腹膜腔注射rectal injection 直肠注射subconjunctival injection 结膜下注射urethral injection 尿道注射vaginal injection 阴道注射Irrigation 冲洗vaginal irrigation 阴道冲洗bladder irrigation 膀胱冲洗continuous irrigation 连续冲洗法mediate irrigation 间接冲洗法Isolation 隔离、别离strict isolation 严密隔离contact isolation 接触隔离respiratory isolation 呼吸隔离drainage (secretion) precautions 引流预防措施enteric precautions 肠道预防措施blood (body fluid) precautions 血液〔体液〕预防措施protective isolation 保护性隔离Lavage 灌洗blood (systemic) lavage 血液毒素清洗法ether lavage (腹腔内)乙醚洗法gastric lavage 洗胃intestinal lavage 洗肠peritoneal lavage 腹膜腔灌洗pleural lavage 胸膜腔灌洗Medication 药疗，投药，给药endermic medication 皮内透药法hypodermatic medication 皮下投药法intramuscular medication 肌肉投药法ionic medication 离子透药疗法nasal medication 鼻内投药法oral medication 口服法rectal medication 直肠投药法sublingual medication 舌下投药法transduodenal medication 十二指肠内投药法vaginal medication 阴道投药法Suctioning 吸气引液upper airway suctioning 上呼吸道抽吸法nasogastric suctioning 鼻胃抽吸wound suctioning 伤口吸引Transfusion 输血arterial transfusion 动脉输血blood transfusion 输血direct (immediate ) transfusion 直接输血drip transfusion 滴注输(血)液indirect transfusion 间接输血plasma transfusion 输血浆serum transfusion 输血清venous transfusion 静脉输血，静脉输液Diet nursing 伙食护理absolute diet (fasting) 禁食balanced diet 平衡伙食convalescent diet 恢复期饮食diabetic diet 糖尿病饮食eucaloric diet 适当热量饮食fat-free diet 无脂饮食salt-free diet 无盐饮食fever diet 热病饮食full diet 全食，普通饮食half diet 半食high caloric diet 高热量饮食high-carbohydrate diet 高糖类饮食high-protein (protein rich) diet 高蛋白饮食invalid diet 病弱者饮食light diet 易消化饮食liquid diet 流质饮食high fat diet 高脂饮食low fat diet 低脂饮食low caloric diet 低热量饮食low-protein diet 低蛋白饮食low-residue diet 低渣饮食nourishing diet 滋补饮食obesity diet 肥胖病饮食prenatal diet 孕期饮食regimen diet 规定食谱smooth (soft) diet 细软饮食Preparing the patient for the surgery 为病人手术前做准备shaving the patient’s skin (skin prep) 备皮anesthesia 麻醉Postoperative care 手术后护理coughing and deep-breathing exercises 咳嗽呼吸练习applying elastic stockings 穿弹性袜applying elastic bandages 用弹性绷带Emergency care (first aid) 急救护理cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺循环复苏术mouth-to-mouth(mouth-to-nose,mouth-to-stoma) resuscitation口对口〔口对鼻，口对颈部小口〕循环复苏术emergency care for fainting (shock, stroke) victims 昏厥〔休克、中风〕患者急救emergency care used to control hemorrhage 止血急救emergency care given to help a patient who is vomiting呕吐患者急救emergency care for a patient during a seizure 癫痫发作急救hospice care 临终护理postmortem care 死后护理8.常用临床医学术语diseases 疾病acute diseases 急性病advanced diseases 病沉重期，晚期疾病chronic diseases慢性病communicable diseases 传染病complicating diseases 并发病congenital diseases 先天性疾病acquired diseases 后天性疾病contagious diseases接触性传染病endemic diseases 地方病epidemic diseases 流行病functional diseases 机能病、官能病infectious diseases 传染病inherited diseases 遗传病malignant diseases恶性病nutritional diseases 营养病occupation diseases 职业病organic diseases 器质性病paroxysmal diseases 阵发性病periodical diseases 周期病primary(principal)diseases原发〔主导〕病secondary diseases 继发病sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病terminal diseases 绝症wasting diseases 消耗性疾病chief complaint 主诉clinical manifestation 临床表现delivery history 分娩史etiology病因学family history 家族史history, medical history 病史precipitating(induced)诱因marital status婚姻状况menstrual history 月经史。
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unit 1hemoglobin血红蛋白polycythemia红血球增多症hypertrophy 肥大，过度增大atrophy萎缩mutate改变，使突变anomaly 异常，不规则congenital defect先天性缺陷lesion损害，机能障碍infectious agent传染剂pathogenesis发病原diagnosis诊断prognosis预后autopsy尸体解剖heredity遗传hemophilia 血友病syndrome综合征alcoholism 酗酒anemia 贫血pregnancy怀孕delivery 分娩，交付leukemia白血病malnutrition 营养不良hyperactive thyroid活跃甲状腺hyperthyroidism甲状腺功能亢进mongolism先天愚型urinalysis尿分析physician内科医生surgeon外科医生remission缓解relapse复发complication 并发症pneumonia 肺炎sequela后遗症paralysis 麻痹polio 小儿麻痹fallopian tubes输卵管alleviate减轻masterpiece 杰作defective有缺陷的deficient不足的concurrent并发的respectively分别地utilize利用perceive察觉terminal末端，晚期的severity严重fracture破裂prostate 前列腺transmit 传输，遗传trigger引发，触发protrude 突出，伸出counteract抵消，中和prescribe开处方，规定exacerbate使加剧aggravate恶化，加重resemble类似subside平息，沉淀onset开始，着手confined to只限于compensate补偿，赔偿traumatize使。
损伤accompany陪伴，伴随observe 观察manifest证明，显示aftermath后果rheumatic fever风湿热sterility不育health professional保健专业人士comprehensive综合的unit 2a cluster of一群，一组initial最初的inject注入，注射homosexual同性恋者impair损害，减少emerge摆脱暴露monitor 监视，监控compromise妥协，和解alert 警惕的official正式的original原始的outbreak发作，爆发coin 硬币isolate隔离novel异常的press按压lymphoadenopathy 淋巴瘤lymphotropic嗜淋巴细胞declare宣布striking显著，惊人contradict 反驳，否定turn out发生，证明in check 受控制pinpoint精确地supplement补充complement补助considerable值得考虑的Implicate暗指影响涉及activate 刺激激活decline下降，衰退routinely 常规地，通常地prevailing流行的，一般的devise遗赠equip装备multipronged 多种要素的destruction破坏，毁灭advancement 前进，进步replication复制，反响administer管理，执行administration管理，实施nucleoside analog核苷类似物nucleocapsid核蛋白体diminish 使减少，使缩小appear to似乎，好像indicate 表明，指出specific特殊的，明确的drawback 缺点，不利条件optimism乐观trial 实验confer授予，给以causative成为原因desease-causing成为致病原因be intended to 打算preliminary准备，预赛mediate间接，居中prolong延长enhance 提高rule out排除，取消be capable of 能够attach附加，附属inert迟缓的，无效的hemophiliac血友病的myeloid 骨髓的compatibility兼容性homozygous 纯合子的heterozygous杂合子的bowel 肠内部同情commentator评论员reservoir 水池investigational调查anecdotal 轶事的mortality死亡数ongoing 前进modulate调节，调整latency 潜在因素eradication消灭，扑灭adherence坚持，忠诚pandemic全国流行的，普遍的angiography血管学，血管造影术angioplasty血管成形术prior to在。
之前，优先unit 4hyperactivity极度活跃overactivity过度活跃distractibility 注意力分散inattentiveness注意迟钝attention-deficit 注意力不足disorder混乱失调heterogeneity异质性referral参照提及intolerance不宽松偏狭exuberance丰富茂盛grow out of 产生于outgrow出生，过大不适合elicit 抽出引出quantitative assessment定量评价prevalence流行普及psychiatric精神病学的prenatal 产前的perinatal围产期additive 添加剂dopamine多巴胺noradrenergic system去甲肾上腺系统aggression轻略进攻serotonin 五羟色胺positron正电子reveal/exhibit/manifest暴露展现cortex 皮质psychostimulant精神兴奋药antidepressant 抗抑郁剂sufficient足够的evolve发展进化contingent reinforcement后效强化controversial 有争议的adolescence青春期follow-up 随访untreated未经处理的illustrate举例treatment/therapy/治疗management管理settle down 定居安定下来intact完整的未受损的outpatient 门诊病人chaos混沌混乱epidemiology 流行病学etiology病因学differentiate 区别区分defiant挑衅的；目中无人的，挑战的optimize优化，持乐观态度discipline学科纪律resent 怨恨愤恨recess休息休假insult侮辱损害fficacy/effectiveness效力be apt to 倾向于concurrent并发的normative 规范标准peer凝视窥视subtype图标类型unit 5rehabilitation复原interdisciplinary各学科间的premalignant癌变前的predisposition倾向易染病体质prophylaxis预防radiotherapy放射疗法radiopaque不透射线irradiation照射发光chemoprevention化学预防metastasis转移chief complaint主诉cholangiopancreatogram胆管胰造影术benign良性的progression前进连续regression复原回归retrogression退化后退retrospective回顾怀旧ureter尿管modification修正改变optimal最佳的subsequent intervention后期介入resect切除eliminate消除promptly迅速地eligibility合格适任stratify分层collaboration合作evaluate/estimate评估估计revolve around以.....为中心daunting 使人害怕的oncologist肿瘤学家oncology肿瘤学advanced disease病沉重期perceptive感觉的有感知力的necessitate需要迫使internist内科医生bone marrow骨髓partially obstructed intestine部分肠道堵塞obstruction阻碍/construction建设/destruction破坏/instruction指令elucidate说明阐明radiopaque不透射线的radiolucent可透射线的compilation编辑deranged疯狂精神错乱的alleviate减轻缓和palliate减轻辩解relieve解除减轻asymptomatic无症状的eligibility适任，合格standardize使标准化prognosis预后parameter参数参量delineate描绘描写neoplasm瘤赘生物categorize分类potential潜能sufficiently充分地proficient精通专家interval间隔间距recurrence循环再发生relapse复发再发dosimetry剂量学ureter尿管/urethra尿道locoreginal限于局部complication并发症duplication复制副本replication复制回答反响implication含义暗示牵连vigorous有力的精力充沛的1. The human body is a masterpiece of art. The more one understands the functioning of the body, the greater appreciation one has for it. Even in disease, the body is quite remarkable in attempting to right what is wrong and compensate for it.人体是一个艺术的杰作。
更多的了解身体的功能,将更大的发挥它的价值。
即使在疾病时,身体也是非常引人注目，因为它尝试判断对修补错的。
2. Congenital birth defects, mental or physical, may be due to a developmental error resulting from a maternal infection such as rubella or German measles during pregnancy, the use of certain drugs, or the mother’s excessive consumption of alcohol.精神或身体先天性出生缺陷,可能是由于母亲在怀孕期间感染风疹或德国麻疹等,使用某些药物或过度酗酒造成的发育错误。