语言学2

Acquisition is a process similar to the way children acquire their first language. It is a subconscious process without minute learning of grammatical rules

Learning as another route, refers to conscious efforts to learn the second language knowledge by learning the rules and talking about the rules

Register

The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a register

Stops p b t d k g

Fricatives f v s z

Bilabial p b

Labio-dental F v

Alveolar t d s z

Velar k g

Context: it is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the hearer and the speaker

Knowledge of what language use

Knowledge of what have been said before

Knowledge about the world in general

Knowledge about the specific situation in which linguistic communication is taking place Knowledge about each other

The naming theory

The conceptualist view

contextualism Time and place hearer and speaker actions they are performing

objectives exist in the situation

behaviorism

synonymy Dialectal synonym

stylistic synonym

synonym differ in emotive and evaluative meaning

collocational synonym

semantically different synonym

polysemy

Homonymy homophones 同音异议

Homographs

Hyponymy 上下意关系

Superordinate 坐标词

Hyponymy 下意词

X entails Y X 是小范围等同于Y is the entailment of X

X presupposes Y X 是以Y为前提的Y为条件等同于Y is the prerequisite of X

Interlanguage is defined as an abstract system of the learner’s target language and it has now been widely refer to the linguistic expressions learners produce especially the wrong or not idiomatic ones