英语作文中介词常见的错误解析

英语作文中介词常见的错误解析

学生在写作中用错介词的情况主要有以下几类：

一是多用介词：多用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将及物动词误用作不及物动词，也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错。

二是漏用介词：漏用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将不及物动词误用作及物动词，或是受相关结构的影响而用错等。

三是错用介词：错用介词的情况比较复杂，可能是因受汉语意思的而错，也可能是因弄不清搭配关系而错，可能是混淆用法而错，也可能是受相关结构的影响而错，可能是忽略语境而错，也可能是想当地用错。

请看以下具体实例：

误用：The only people with whom he could discuss about the plan were those who knew of it already.

正确：The only people with whom he could discuss the plan were those who knew of it already.

说明：由于discuss 为及物动词，后接宾语时无需用任何介词，所以误用句中的about 为多余的。

句意：可以同他一起讨论计划的最合适人选是那些对计划已经了解的人。

误用：If you mention about my name to the door-keeper he will let you in.

正确：If you mention my name to the door-keeper he will let you in.

说明：由于mention 为及物动词，后接宾语时无需用任何介词，所以误用句中的about 为多余的。

句意：你要是对看门人提我的名字，他会放你进去的。

误用：Thirty thousand pounds’ worth of jewelry has been stolen from Jonathan Wild and Company, the jewelers. The thieves broke into the flat above sometime during Sunday night and entered into the shop by cutting a hole in the ceiling.

正确：Thirty thousand pounds’ worth of jewelry has been stolen from Jonathan Wild and Company, the jewelers. The thieves broke into the flat above sometime during Sunday night and entered the shop by cutting a hole in the ceiling.

说明：enter 表示“进入”某个具体的地方时是及物动词，所以后接宾语时无需用任何介词，即误用句中的about 为多余的。

句意：珠宝商店乔纳森•威尔德公司价值三万英镑的珠宝被盗。窃贼约在星期日夜间某时潜入楼上的一套房子，然后在商店的天花板上挖洞进入商店。

误用：She met and eventually married with a man considerably younger than herself who claimed to be a pilot with Air France. In point of fact he was a chauffeur working for a car-hire firm.

正确：She met and eventually married a man considerably younger than herself who claimed to be a pilot with Air France. In point of fact he was a chauffeur working for a car-hire firm.

说明：动词marry 可以表示“与……结婚”，即其后直接跟“某人”，无需借助任何介词，即误用句中的with 为多余的。

句意：她遇上了一名年龄比她小得多，并自称是法国航空公司飞行员的年青人，并最终与之成婚。

实际上，他只是个租车公司的司机。

误用：Eventually she divorced with Stephen. It was a pity she had not done so earlier.

正确：Eventually she divorced Stephen. It was a pity she had not done so earlier.

说明：marry（结婚）与divorce（离婚）是一对反义词，比较而言，许多同学对marry的用法比较熟悉，而对divorce的用法则相对比较生疏，但事实上，两者在用法方面极为相似，大家可以将它们放在一起来学习，这样可以帮助大家利用相对熟悉的语言规律来理解相对生疏的语言规律——比如，两者均可用作不及物动词，但在口语或非正式文体中，若不跟宾语，通常用be [get] divorced和be [get] married 这样的结构来代替其不及物用法；要表示“与某人结婚或离婚”，英语应说marry sb或divorce sb，而不能按汉语意思说成marry with sb或divorce with sb；两者的过去分词（转化为形容词）后均可接介词to表示对象（注意均不能用介词with）；marry (divorce) 和get married (divorced) 均为非延续性动词，通常不与一段时间连用，若要表示某人结婚（离婚）有多久，可用be married (divorced)；等等。

句意：她最终还是和斯蒂芬离了婚。遗憾的是，她没有和他早点儿离婚。(R2)

误用：As we always tell prospective patients: if you want me to help you, you must be prepared to help yourself. Unbelievably this quickly eliminates about 40 percent of those who contact with us.

正确：As we always tell prospective patients: if you want me to help you, you must be prepared to help yourself. Unbelievably this quickly eliminates about 40 percent of those who contact us.

说明：用作动词的contact 为及物动词，表示“与……联系”时，其后直接跟宾语，不用任何