化学专业英语试卷B答案

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化学化工专业英语试卷及答案

化学化工专业英语试卷及答案

化学化工专业英语试卷及答案标准化管理部编码-[99968T-6889628-J68568-1689N]2011年春季学期应用化学专业《08级化学化工专业英语试卷答案》1. state-of-the-industry 中文:工业发展水平(1分)2. alkyl ether sulfate中文:烷基醚硫酸盐(酯)(分)3. W/O 英文: water in oil,(oil emulsion) ;中文:油乳胶(油包水)(分)4. 2,6-Dimethy-2,7-octadien-6-ol 画出结构式:(4分)5. The inherent tendency of the whole or a part of a molecule to pass out of or not to penetrate into a water phase.英文: Hydrophoby ;中文:疏水性(亲油性)分)6. A substance which, when introduced in a liquid, increases its wetting tendency.英文: Wetting agent ;中文:润湿剂分)7. The process by which soil is dislodged from the substrate and bought into a state of solution or dispersion.英文: Detergency ;中文:去污性(力)分)8. An attribute which is related to benefit not directly but through association or suggestion.英文: Signal attribute ;中文:信号属性分)9. A colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor, consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen.英文: ammonia ;中文:氨气 (2分)10. A chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom.英文: Carbon dioxide ;中文:二氧化碳 (2分)11. A chemical element with atomic number 9, it is the lightest halogen.英文: Fluorine ;中文:氟 (2分)12. KH2PO4 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (2分)13. ZnSO4·7H2O Zinc sulfate hept(a)hydrate (2分)14.3-methyl-2-ethyl(-1-)butene (3-methyl-2-ethyl but-1-ene) 分) 15.4-(1-ethyl-butayl)-5-hydroxy-2-hexayne-1-al 分)16. A good example of such a versatile attribute is fragrance. (2分)译文:这样一个多功能属性的好例子就是香味。

化学专业英语试卷B答案

化学专业英语试卷B答案

2013—2014学年度第一学期应用化学专业专业英语课程试卷A注意事项:1. 考生务必将自己姓名、学号、专业名称写在指定位置;2. 密封线和装订线内不准答题;一、词汇填空 写出下列每个词汇对应的英汉单词共20小题,每空1分,共20分 1、 分子 molecule2、 物理性质 physical property3、 硬度 hardness4、 电解质 electrolyte5、 熔点 melting point6、 沸点 boiling point7、 离子键 ionic bond or electrovalent bond8、 晶体 crystal9、 硅 silicon10、钾 potassium11、溶解度 solubility12、构型 configuration13、挥发性 volitility14、正电荷 positive charge15、phosphorus 磷16、alcohol 乙醇17、acetone 丙酮18、base 碱19、acid 酸20、ether 乙醚二、给下列无机化合物的英语名称共10小题, 每小题2分,共20分1、 NaCN Sodium cyanide2、 BaOH 2 Barium hydroxide3、 KMnO 4 Potassium permanganate4、 H 2SO 4 Sulfuric acid5、 ZnSO 4 zinc sulfate or zinc sulphate6、 FeS Iron II sulfide or Ferrous sulfide7、 H 3PO 4 phosphoric acid8、 H 2SO 3 Sulfurous acid9、 HClO 4 Perchloric acid10、FeCl 3 iron III chloride or ferric chloride二、给下列有机化合物的英语名称共5小题, 每小题4分,共20分1. 甲乙醚 ethyl methyl ether2.对甲基苯酚 4-methyl phenol3.苯乙烯 styrene4.CH3CH=CCH2CH3 CH2 OH 2-ethyl-2-buten-1-ol5.CH33CCH2CH2OH 4,4-dimethyl-1-butanol or 4,4-dimethyl butanol三、英译汉共10小题, 每小题4分,共40分1、Carbon-sodium and carbon-potassium bonds are largely ionic incarbon-lead, carbon-tin, carbon-thallium and carbon-mercury bonds are essentially covalent.碳-钠键和碳-钾键有较大的离子性,碳-铅键,碳-锡键,碳-铊键和碳-汞键基本上属于共价键;2、The reactivity of organometallic compounds increases with the percent ionic character ofthe carbon-metal bond.金属有机化合物的反应活性随着碳金属键中离子性所占的百分数的增大而增强;3、Organometallic compounds of lithium and magnesium are of great importance in organicsynthesis.锂和镁的金属有机化合物在有机合成上有重大的意义;4、Unlike absorption, in which solute molecules diffuse from the bulk of a gas phase to thebulk of a liquid phase, in adsorption molecules diffuse from the bulk of the fluid to the surface of the solid adsorbent, forming a distinct adsorbed phase.在吸收过程中,溶质分子从气相主体中扩散的液相主体中;但是在吸附过程中,分子从流体主体中扩散到固体吸附剂的表面,形成一个独立的吸附相;5、Equipment for extraction must be capable of providing intimate contact between two phasesso as to affect transfer of solute between them and also of ultimate effecting a complete separation of the phases.提取的设备必须能够让两相有紧密的接触,使得两相中溶质的转移得以实现; 同时这个设备还要让两相的分离得以实现;6、Any potential application of adsorption has to be considered along with alternatives, notablydistillation, absorption and liquid extraction.任何可能的对于吸附的应用必须和其他的分离手段一起考虑来比较优劣,例如蒸馏,吸收和液相萃取;7、Leaching refers to the extraction of a soluble constituent from a solid by means of a solvent.浸提指的是通过使用一种溶剂把一种可溶性组分从固体中分离出来的提取办法;8、Separation of the compounds of a mixture by distillation takes advantages of the fact thatdifferent substances can differ in the degree to which they can be vaporized under the conditions of the experiment.通过蒸馏来分离混合物中的组分利用的是这样一个原理:不同的物质在同一个实验条件下气化的程度有区别;9、In a mixture of two completely immiscible liquids, each exerts its own vapor pressureindependently of the other.在一个由两个完全不互溶的液体所形成的混合物中,每一种液体都形成各自独立的蒸气压,相互不影响;10、On both large and small scale crystallization is the most important method for thepurification of solid organic compounds无论是在大规模还是小规模上,结晶都是一种非常重要的提纯固体有机物的方法;。

化工专业英语试题及答案

化工专业英语试题及答案

2014~2015学年秋季学期化工专业英语期末考试一、简单词汇翻译(每题1分,共20分)1、Alkali ( )2、sulphuric ( )3、ammonia ( )4、polymer ( )5、polyethylene( )6、polyurethane ( )7、cyclohexane ( ) 8、hydrogen( )9、nitric ( ) 10、profitability( )11、Seale-up ( ) 12、leaching( )13、corriosion ( ) 14、distillation( )15、gradient ( ) 16、exothermic( ) 17、polycarbonate( )18、isothermal( )19、cybernetics ( ) 20、filtration( )二、句子翻译(每题5分,共30分)1、Once the pilot plant is operational,performance and optimization data can be obtained in order to evaluate the process from an economic point of view.___________________________________________________________2、By contrast,the chemical engineer typically works with much larger quantities of material and with very large equipment.___________________________________________________________3、pressure drives the equilibrium forward ,as four molecules of gas are being transformed into two.___________________________________________________________4、What industry needs to achieve in the process is an acceptable combination of reaction speed and reaction yield.___________________________________________________________5、The ammonia and air mixture can be oxidized to dinitrogen and water.___________________________________________________________6、The important point to keep in mind is that all energy of all kinds must be included,although it may be converted to a single equivalent.___________________________________________________________三、化工专业名词书写(每题一分,共24分)1、加热()2、焙烧()3、吸收()4、冷凝()5、沉降()6、结晶()7、粉碎()8、电解()9、搅动()10、离心()11、平衡()12、体积()13、催化剂()14、一()15、二()16、三()17、四()18、五()19、六()20、七()21、八()22、九、()23、十()24、氮基化合物()四、表达方式运用,用括号里的单词翻译下列句子(每题5分,共20分)1、化学工程师经典的角色是把化学家在实验室里的发现拿来并发展成为能赚钱的、商业规模的化学过程。

大学化学化工专业《英语》期末考试试卷含参考答案

大学化学化工专业《英语》期末考试试卷含参考答案

大学化学化工专业《英语》期末考试试卷含参考答案1. state-of-the-industry 中文:工业发展水平(1分)2. alkyl ether sulfate中文:烷基醚硫酸盐(酯)(1.5分)3. W/O 英文: water in oil,(oil emulsion) ;中文:油乳胶(油包水)(1.5分)4. 2,6-Dimethy-2,7-octadien-6-ol 画出结构式:(4分)5. The inherent tendency of the whole or a part of a molecule to pass out of or not to penetrate into a water phase.英文: Hydrophoby ;中文:疏水性(亲油性) (1.5分) 6. A substance which, when introduced in a liquid, increases its wetting tendency.英文: Wetting agent ;中文:润湿剂 (1.5分)7. The process by which soil is dislodged from the substrate and bought into a state of solution or dispersion.英文: Detergency ;中文:去污性(力) (1.5分)8. An attribute which is related to benefit not directly but through association or suggestion.英文: Signal attribute ;中文:信号属性 (1.5分) 9. A colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor, consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen.英文: ammonia ;中文:氨气 (2分)10. A chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom.英文: Carbon dioxide ;中文:二氧化碳 (2分)11. A chemical element with atomic number 9, it is the lightest halogen.英文: Fluorine ;中文:氟 (2分)12. KH2PO4 Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (2分)13. ZnSO4·7H2O Zinc sulfate hept(a)hydrate (2分)14.3-methyl-2-ethyl(-1-)butene (3-methyl-2-ethyl but-1-ene) (3.5分)15.4-(1-ethyl-butayl)-5-hydroxy-2-hexayne-1-al (7.5分) 16. A good example of such a versatile attribute is fragrance. (2分)译文:这样一个多功能属性的好例子就是香味。

化学化工专业英语试卷及答案

化学化工专业英语试卷及答案

2011年春季学期应用化学专业《08级化学化工专业英语试卷答案》1. state-of-the-industry 中文:工业发展水平(1分)2. alkyl ether sulfate中文:烷基醚硫酸盐(酯)(1.5分)3. W/O 英文:water in oil,(oil emulsion) ;中文:油乳胶(油包水)(1.5分)4. 2,6-Dimethy-2,7-octadien-6-ol 画出结构式:(4分)5. The inherent tendency of the whole or a part of a molecule to pass out of or not to penetrate into a water phase.英文:Hydrophoby ;中文:疏水性(亲油性)(1.5分)6. A substance which, when introduced in a liquid, increases its wetting tendency.英文:Wetting agent ;中文:润湿剂(1.5分)7. The process by which soil is dislodged from the substrate and bought into a state of solution or dispersion.英文:Detergency ;中文:去污性(力)(1.5分)8. An attribute which is related to benefit not directly but through association or suggestion.英文:Signal attribute ;中文:信号属性(1.5分)9. A colorless gas with a characteristic pungent odor, consisting of nitrogen and hydrogen.英文:ammonia ;中文:氨气(2分)10. A chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom.英文:Carbon dioxide ;中文:二氧化碳(2分)11. A chemical element with atomic number 9, it is the lightest halogen.英文:Fluorine ;中文:氟(2分)12. KH2PO4Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (2分)13. ZnSO4·7H2O Zinc sulfate hept(a)hydrate (2分)14.3-methyl-2-ethyl(-1-)butene (3-methyl-2-ethyl but-1-ene) (3.5分) 15.4-(1-ethyl-butayl)-5-hydroxy-2-hexayne-1-al (7.5分)16. A good example of such a versatile attribute is fragrance. (2分)译文:这样一个多功能属性的好例子就是香味。

2020-2021某大学《化学专业英语》期末课程考试试卷(含答案)

2020-2021某大学《化学专业英语》期末课程考试试卷(含答案)

《化学专业英语》期末课程考试试卷考试所需时间:120分钟适用专业:应用化学总分:100分PartⅠ、Choice(28×1.5=42)1 How many neutrons are present in an atom of tin that has the atomic number 50 and a mass number of 119?A. 50B.69C. 119D. 1692. Isotopes of an element differ in their ____.A. atomic numbersB. electron configurationsC. number of protonsD. masses3. Atomic masses for elements shown on the periodic table are not expressed as whole numbers because __A. the number of protons in an atom of an element variesB. atoms may gain or lose electrons during a chemical reactionC. they represent weighted averages of the isotopes of that atomD. scientists cannot measure the masses of atoms with great precision4. Group 17 elements, the halogens, are the most reactive of the nonmetals because they ____.A. are the farthest to the right of the periodic tableB. require only one electron to form the stable configurations of the noble gasesC. have the largest atomic radiiD. have the greatest ionization energies5.In the modem periodic table, elements are ordered ac-cording to ____.A. decreasing atomic massB. Mendeleev's original designC. increasing atomic numberD. when they were discovered6.The energy it takes to remove an electron from an atom as you move left to right across the period, from Na through to Cl, ___.A. generally increasesB. generally decreasesC. does not changeD. varies unpredictably7.Which of the following is the correct formula for iron (III) sulfate? ____.A. Fe3SO4C. Fe3(SO4)2B. Fe2(SO4)3D. 3FeSO48. The electroneutrality principle ____.A. states that the number of cations equals the number of anionsB. is demonstrated in any polyatomic ionC. states that the net charge on a binary ionic com-pound is zeroD. all of the above9. The correct name for NH4NO3is ____.A. ammonium carbonateB. ammonium hydroxideC. ammonium acetateD. ammonium nitrate10. When an acid reacts with a metal, ____A.the hydronium ion concentration increasesB.the metal forms anionsC.water is producedD.the pH value decreases11.Which of the following is a binary acid ?A. H2O B. H3PO4C. H2SO4D. HCl12.Which of the following solutions would have a pH value greater than 7 ?A.[OH-]=2.4×10-2MB.[H3O+]=1.53×10-4MC.0.0001M HClD.[OH-]=4.41×10-11M13.If the empirical formula of a compound is known, thenA. its true formula is also knownB. its percentage composition can be calculatedC. the arrangement of its atoms is also knownD. the percentage water in the compound can be determined14.The units for molar mass are ___A. g/mol C. g/atomsB. atoms/mol D. mol/g15.Which of the following compounds has the highest percentage composition of oxygen?A. CH4O C. H2OB CO2 D. Na2CO316.Pressure can be measured in ___A. grams C. pascalsB. meters D. liters17.A sample of oxygen gas has a volume of 150 mL when its pressure is 0.947 atm. If the pressure is increased to 0. 987 atm and the temperature remains constant, the new gas volume will be ___A. 140 mL C. 200 mLB. 160 mL D. 240 mL18.A sample of neon gas occupies a volume of 752 mL at 25℃. What volume will the gas occupy at 500℃ if the pressure remains constant? ___A. 694 mL C. 815 mLB. 752 mL D. 955 mL19.Potatoes will cook faster at sea level than at higher altitudes because the water used to cook them willA. be boiling more rapidlyB. boil at a lower temperatureC. increase in temperature while boilingD. boil at a higher temperature20.If the temperature outside is 26℃,then the temperature would be ____ kelvins.A. 26 C. 299B. 273 D. -24721. If the empirical formula of a compound is known, thenA. its true formula is also knownB. its percentage composition can be calculatedC. the arrangement of its atoms is also knownD. the percentage water in the compound can be determined22.Examine the following skeletal structure:OHOThe correct chemical formula for this compound isA. C2H4O2C. C5H8O2B. C5H4O2D. CHO23.Identify the following reactions as either reduction or oxidation. Indicate whether they occur at the cathode or anode. A. Ra(s) →Ra2+(aq) + 2e-B. Hg22+(aq) + 2e-→2Hg(l)C. Pb(s) + SO42-(aq) →PbSO4(s) + 2e-D. O2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 4e-→4OH-(aq)24.In the following reaction, which species is being reduced?2K+Br2→2K++2Br-A. K only C. both K and Br2B. Br2only D. neither K nor Br225.The electrode at which reduction occurs is ____.A. always the anodeB. always the cathodeC. either the anode or the cathodeD. always the half-cell26. Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, or a similar substance is added to water that is to be electrolyzed in order to ____.A. react with the waterB. keep the electrode cleanC. provide adequate conductivityD. supply energy27.If an exothermic reaction has reached equilibrium, increasing the temperature willA. favor the forward reactionB. favor the reverse reactionC. favor both the forward and reverse reactionD. have no effect on the equilibrium28 Consider the following reaction:COBr2(g) →CO(g) + Br2(g)At 73°C , the Keqvalue for this reaction is 0.190. This Keqvalue indicates that ____.A. the reverse reaction is favoredB. the forward reaction is favoredC. the reaction has reached equilibriumD. the concentrations of CO(g) and Br2(g) are greater than theconcentration of Br2(Part Ⅱ common skill (20×0.5=10)1.write out the English speaking of the following symbol s(1).Mg(OH)2(2)↓→+++3223CaCOCaCO (3).log n x(4).nX(5).−−→−∆,Cu (6). X -8 (7). 1235(8). 3:2 (9). ± (10).100℃2.write out the chemical Chinese meaning of the followingabbreviation(1).alc. (2).amt. (3).A ·P (4).app. (5).contg. (6).C ·P (7).detn. (8).fig. (9).L-R (10).resp.Part Ⅲ Write out IUPAC naming of the following organic matter in English ( 1.5×8=12)CH 3CH 3CH 3CH 3⑴ C H 3CH 3CH 3CH 3⑵CH 2CH 3⑶C H 3CH 3H 3OH ⑷CH 3O CH 3⑸CH 3CH 3O⑹CH 3OHO ⑺CH 32O⑻Part Ⅳ write out English name of the following chemical elements(1×10)H B C N O F Si S K ClPart Ⅴ Translate the following passages into Chinese (2×8+1×10=26)Passage one : Certain membranes made of an animal bladder, a slice ofvegetable tissue, or a piece of parchment, act as a barrier between twosolutions, and simultaneously allow specific types of molecules. These are called semipermeable membranes. Semipermeable membranes that allow passage of solvent molecules but do not allow passage of solute molecules or ions are called osmotic membranes. If a NaCl solution is separated from pure water by an osmotic membrane, H 2O molecules spontaneously penetrate the membrane from both directions; however, passage across the membrane from the pure water side is faster than passage across the membrane from the solution side. The net result is exactly like that illustrated already previously and involves a net transfer of H 2O from the pure water side of the membrane to the solution side of the membrane. The passage of solvent molecules from a region with little or no dissolved solute, through an osmotic membrane, to a region with more dissolved solute is called osmosis.Passage two: As in ionic bonding and covalent bonding, outer shell electrons are responsible foe bonding between metal atoms. However, it is unreasonable to assume that ionic bonds occur between metal atoms since all the atoms are alike and no single atom would give up electrons to another atom. Covalent bonding between metal atoms is almost as unreasonable because not enough outer shell electrons are available for as many shared-pair bonds as each metal atom seems to form. Instead, a metallic lattice consists of a regular array of positive ions immersed in a cloud of highly mobile outer shell electrons. Metals have relatively low ionization energies or relatively loose holds on their outer shell electrons. These electrons are free to move throughout the metallic lattice. Metallic bonding results from attraction between the positive ions and the cloud of negative electrons. Such attractive forces are weaker than ionic or covalent bonding forces. Thus, many metals are soft and fairly low melting. Potassium is soft enough to be cut with a knife and melt at 68.7℃. On the other hand, some of the transition metals, where significant covalent character is superimposed on the metallic lattice, are hard and high melting.Tungsten is very hard and melts at about 3410℃Passage three: Major branches of Chemistry .The body of knowledge about chemicals and chemical reactions is so vast that for convenience chemists have divided the study of chemistry into several major branches: l. Analytical chemistry: The study of what types of elements and compounds are present in a sample of matter — called qualitative analysis — and how much of each element and compound is present in a sample of matter — called quantitative analysis.2. Physical chemistry: The study of the scientific laws and theories that attempt to describe and explain the structure of matter, the chemical bonds that hold matter together, the changes that matter undergoes, and the energy involved in these changes.3. Organic chemistry: The study of the properties and reactions of hydrocarbons, compounds containing only the elements carbon and hydrogen, and other compounds derived from hydrocarbons that contain one or more other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and chlorine. About4.9 million of the 5 million officially identified compounds are classified as organic compounds—explaining why an entire branch of chemistry is devoted to studying these compounds4. Inorganic chemistry: The study of all elements and the properties and reactions of the compounds not classified as organic compounds.5. Biochemistry: The study of the properties and reactions of compounds found in living organisms and those that are important to living organisms.These branches make it easier to study chemistry. Real chemistry, however, almost always involves a blend of information and ideas from most — if not all — of these branches. This book is concerned with general chemistry — a survey and introduction to all the major branches of chemistry except biochemistry.2020-2021《化学专业英语》期末课程考试试卷答案PartⅠ、Choice(28×1.5=42 points)(按顺序填入答案)1—5题 ADCAC 6—10题 ABBCB11—15题 CABAC 16—20题 CACDC 21—25题 CACBA 26—28题 CBA Part Ⅱ1.(1) Magnesium hydroxide(2) Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to form ammonia at high temperatureand pressure with the presence of a catalyst.(3) Log x to the base n.(4) The nth root of x.(5) Calcium carbonate when heated produces calcium oxide and carbondioxide.(6) X to the minus eighth (power).(7) Five over one hundred and twenty_three.(8) The ratio of two to three.(9) Plus and minus.(10) One (a) hundred degrees Centigrade.2. (1)醇(2)量(3)分析纯(4)装置(5)含有。

化学化工英语试题及答案

化学化工英语试题及答案

化学化工英语试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. Which of the following is a chemical element?A. WaterB. OxygenC. HydrogenD. Carbon答案:B, C, D2. The chemical formula for table salt is:A. NaOHB. NaClC. HClD. NaHCO3答案:B3. What is the process called when a substance changes from a solid to a liquid?A. SublimationB. VaporizationC. MeltingD. Condensation答案:C4. In the periodic table, which group contains alkali metals?A. Group 1B. Group 2C. Group 17D. Group 18答案:A5. What is the name of the process where a substance decomposes into two or more substances due to heat?A. CombustionB. OxidationC. ReductionD. Decomposition答案:D6. Which of the following is a physical property of a substance?A. ColorB. TasteC. SolubilityD. Reactivity答案:A7. What is the term for a compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water?A. BaseB. AcidC. SaltD. Neutral答案:B8. The law of conservation of mass states that in a chemical reaction:A. Mass is lostB. Mass is gainedC. Mass remains constantD. Mass can be converted into energy答案:C9. Which of the following is a type of chemical bond?A. Ionic bondB. Covalent bondC. Hydrogen bondD. All of the above答案:D10. What is the name of the process where a substance absorbs energy and changes from a liquid to a gas?A. MeltingB. VaporizationC. SublimationD. Condensation答案:B二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. The symbol for the element iron is ________.答案:Fe2. The pH scale ranges from ________ to ________.答案:0 to 143. A compound that produces a basic solution when dissolvedin water is called a ________.答案:base4. The smallest particle of an element that retains its chemical properties is called a ________.答案:atom5. The process of separating a mixture into its individual components is known as ________.答案:separation6. The study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter is called ________.答案:chemistry7. The process of a substance changing from a gas to a liquid is called ________.答案:condensation8. A(n) ________ reaction is a type of chemical reactionwhere two or more substances combine to form a single product. 答案:synthesis9. The volume of a gas at constant temperature and pressureis directly proportional to the number of ________.答案:moles10. The process of converting a solid directly into a gas without passing through the liquid phase is known as ________. 答案:sublimation三、简答题(每题10分,共30分)1. Explain what is meant by the term "stoichiometry" in chemistry.答案:Stoichiometry is the calculation of the relative quantities of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.It is based on the law of conservation of mass and involvesthe use of balanced chemical equations and the molar massesof substances to determine the amounts of reactants needed to produce a certain amount of product or the amounts ofproducts formed from a given amount of reactant.2. Describe the difference between a physical change and a chemical change.答案:A physical change is a change in the state or form of a substance without altering its chemical composition. Examples include melting, freezing, and boiling. A chemical change, on the other hand, involves a change in the chemical composition of a substance, resulting in the formation of new substances. Examples include combustion and rusting.3. What are the three main types of chemical bonds, and givean example of each.答案:The three main types of chemical bonds are ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and metallic bonds. An ionic bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of oppositely charged ions. An example is the bond between sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) in table salt (NaCl). A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons, as seen in water (H2O) where hydrogen atoms share electrons with oxygen. Metallic bonds occur in metals, where a "sea" of delocalized electrons is shared among positively charged metal ions, as in sodium metal。

绍兴文理学院2021级大一化学专业英语上学期期末考试试卷附答案

绍兴文理学院2021级大一化学专业英语上学期期末考试试卷附答案

2021级大一英语上学期期末考试试卷附答案Part II Reading Comprehension (30 %)Directions: There are four passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneScience is not a set of unquestionable results but a way of understanding the world around us. Its real work is slow. The scientific method , as many of us learned in school, is a gradual process that begins with a purpose or problem or question to be answered. It includes a list of materials, a procedure to follow, a set of observations to make and, finally, conclusions to reach. In medicine, when a new drug is proposed that might cure or control a disease, it is first tested on a large random group of people, and their reactions are then compared with those of another random group not given the drug. All reactions in both groups are carefully recorded and compared, and the drug is evaluated. All of this takes time and patience.It’s the result of course, that makes the best news—not the years of quiet work that characterize the bulk of scientific inquiry. After anexperiment is concluded or an observation is made, the result continues to be examined critically. When it is submitted for publication, it goes to a group of the scientist’s colleagues, who review the work. Einstein was right when he said: “No amount of experimentation can ever prove me right, a single experiment can at any time prove me wrong.”In August 1996, NASA announced the discovery in Antarctica of a meteorite(流星) from Mars that might contain evidence of ancient life on another world. As President Clinton said that day, the possibility that life existed on Mars billions of years ago was potentially one of the great discoveries of our time.After the excitement wore down and initial papers were published, other researchers began looking at samples from the same meteorite. Some concluded that the “evidence of life”was mostly contamination from Antarctic ice or that there was nothing organic at all in the rock.Was this a failure of science, as some news reports trumpeted?No! It was a good example of the scientific method working the way it is supposed to. Scientists spend years on research, announce their findings, and these findings are examined by other scientists. That’s how we learn. Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two. It’s a process filled with disappointments and reverses, but somehow we keep moving ahead.21. The author’s main purpose in writing this passage is to state that ____________.A) most scientific discoveries are not reliableB) mass media is misleading because it looks at the research results onlyC) scientific research is a process filled with reverses and requires slow and patientworkD) repeated experiments are necessary before medicine can be used in patients22. Publication of a scientific finding signifies __________.A) a challenge to fellow scientists to prove it wrongB) the end of a processC) the beginning of a new scientific inquiryD) the soundness of the result23. Einstein’s words are used to show that he thought___________.A) experiments have proved him rightB) scientists do not need so many experimentsC) one experiment is not enough to prove him wrong.D) scientific ideas are never free from challenge24. NASA’s announcement of the discovery of evidence of ancient life on Mars shows _________.A) the way human beings learn about natureB) the failure of the scientific methodC) the fruitlessness of human search for life on another worldD) the excitement brought by scientific findings25. It can be inferred from the passage that the media is interested in __________.A) the process of scientific researchB) the results of scientific researchC) the scientists who do the researchD) the effects of scientific research on human lifePassage TwoNormally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and anotherduring his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.26. Normally a student would at least attend __________classes each week.A) 36B) 12C) 20D) 1527. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed _______.A) to live in a different universityB) to take a particular course in a different universityC) to live at home and drive to classesD) to get two degrees from two different universities28. American university students are usually under pressure of work because_________.A) their academic performance will affect their future careersB) they are heavily involved in student affairsC) they have to observe university disciplineD) they want to run for positions of authority29.Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because_________.A) they hate the constant pressure and strain of their studyB) they will then be able to stay longer in the universityC) such positions help them get better jobsD) such positions are usually well paid30. The student organizations seem to be effective in _________.A) dealing with the academic affairs of the universityB) ensuring that the students observe university regulationsC) evaluating students’performance by bringing them before a courtD) keeping up the students’enthusiasm for social activitiesPassage ThreeDoreen Sykora is now a junior at Mcgill University. She had a difficult time when she first began college. She said, “I was always well prepared for my examinations. But I would go in to class to take the exam, and I would fall apart. I could not answer the questions correctly-----even though I knew the answers! I would just blank out because of nervousness and fear.”Hitoshi Sakamoto, an anthropology student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences.These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is stressed about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the severe tension and nervousness.Now there are special university courses to help students. In these courses, advisors and psychologists try to help students by teaching them to manage test anxiety. Such a course helps students learn to live with stress and not fail because of it. First students take a practice test to measure their worry level. If the tests show that their stress level is high, the students can take a short course to manage the fear. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. They get training to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work more easily. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.Doreen Sykora saw immediate results after taking such a course. She now has enthusiasm about the relaxation methods. “Mostly, what I do is imagine myself in a very calm place. Then I imagine myself picking up a pencil. I move slowly and carefully. I breathe easily and let all the tension out. With each breath, more worry leaves me. It really works too. My grades have improved greatly! I’m really doing well at McGill now. This relaxation method works not only on examinations, but it has improved the rest of my life as well.”For Hitoshi in Tokyo, the results were much the same. He is enjoying school a lot more and learning more.31. Doreen Sykora and Hitoshi Sakamoto were filled with nervousness and fear during examinations because they were__________.A) not ready and unaware of the answersB) physically so weak that they fell apartC) subject to test anxietyD) unable to write or think clearly32. The higher the students’worry level is, __________.A) the less calm and relaxing they areB) the more difficult they will be trained to manage fearC) the more stressed and tense they areD) the longer courses they will take to manage fear33. What’s the purpose of some special university student-help courses?A) To help students to reduce test anxiety.B) To show a stress level experienced by students.C) To learn more knowledge about test anxiety.D) To have a better understanding of test anxiety.34. What’s the meaning of “blank out”in paragraph one?A) To be like a blanket.B) To be sure of an answer.C) To be relaxed.D) To be unable to think clearly.35.Which of the following best sums up the organization of the passage?A) Examples----theories----ideas.B) Problem----strategy----examples----results.C) General statement----examples----result.D) Strategy----experiment----examples.Part III Vocabulary and Structure (15 %)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.36. The president made a _______ speech at the opening ceremony of the sports meeting, which encouraged the sportsmen greatly.A) vigorousB) tediousC) flatD) harsh37. It is not easy to learn English well but if you _______, you will succeed in the end.A) hang upB) hang aboutC) hang onD) hang onto38. Remember that customers don’t _______ about prices in that city.A) debateB) bargainC) disputeD) consult39. The newcomers found it impossible to _______ themselves to the climate sufficiently to make permanent homes in the new country.A) suitB) adaptC) regulateD) coordinate40. A _______ to this problem is expected to be found before long.A) resultB) functionC) settlementD) solution41. You have nothing to _______ by refusing to listen to our advice.A) gainB) graspC) seizeD) earn42. One day I _______ a newspaper article about the retirement of an English professor at a nearby state college.A) came acrossB) came aboutC) came afterD) came at43. A peculiarly pointed chin is his memorable facial _______.A) markB) featureC) traceD) appearance44. I hope that you’ll be more careful in typing the letter. Don’t _______ anything.A) omitB) leakC) lackD) withdraw45. Our new house is very _______ for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.A) adaptableB) convenientC) availableD) comfortable46. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply_______.A) appreciatedB) approvedC) appealedD) applied47. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _______ on benches, chairs or boxes.A) having seatedB) seatingC) seatedD) having been seated48. He is _______ about his chances of winning a gold medal in the Olympics next year.A) optimisticB) optionalC) outstandingD) obvious49. The clothes a person wears may express his _______or social position.A) curiosityB) statusC) determinationD) significance50. I don’t know the word. I had to _______ a dictionary.A) throw upB) make outC) refer toD) take over51. Look at these beautiful Japanese stamps. Roger gave them to me in _____ for two sets of 1988 British special issue.A) exchangeC) shiftD) switch52. It is rather _____ that the research team as a whole still has little idea about the cause of that fatal disease.A) rewardingB) demandingC) embarrassingD) requiring53. The people of African interior began to _____ gold in exchange for the goods they needed from abroad.A) desireB) affordC) offerD) receive54. We should not blame her for what happened yesterday, because that was outside her _____of responsibility.A) fieldB) limitC) extentD) range55. The students put forward some suggestions _____ consideration.B) worthyC) worthD) worthy of56. The author of the report is well _____ with the problem in the hospital because he has been working there for many years.A) acquaintedB) informedC) enlightenedD) advised57. After years of hard work, he finally gained ______ to the university which he longed for many years.A) accessB) commitmentC) opportunityD) reward58. _____ you have passed the driving test successfully, you can drive on your own.A) By nowB) Now and againC) Now thenD) Now that59. Within first seven seconds of meeting, people will form their opinion about others through unspoken communication like _____, postures and attitudes.A) signsB) gesturesC) symptomsD) symbols60. It had never _____ to me that our football team won the game.A) struckB) occurredC) hitD) meant61. The students ______ in cleaning the classroom according to the arrangement.A) alternateB) adaptC) adoptD) admit62. Have you any ______plans about how to deal with these difficulties? We need to be practical-minded.A) abstractB) consistentC) concreteD) contrary63. The professor was afraid that unless the train speeded up he would miss his _______ to New York.A) junctionB) connectionC) seatD) carriage64. When writing about controversial topics, some authors try to be _______ without favoring either side.A) reflectiveB) persuasiveC) impressiveD) objective65. Many factors such as too much stress, bad living habits can lead to poor ______ and ill health.A) experienceB) appearanceC) performanceD) competencePart IV Cloze (10 %)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Language is a signaling system which operates with symbolic vocal sounds (语声), and which is used by a group of people for the purpose of communication.Let’s look at this 66______ in more detail, because it is language, more than anything else, 67_____ distinguishes man from the rest of the 68_____ world.Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by 69_____ of cries: for example, many birds utter (发声) 70_____calls at the approach of danger; monkeys utter 71_____ cries, such as expressions of anger, fear and pleasure. 72_____ these various means of communication differ in important ways 73_____ human language. For instance, animals’cries do not 74_____ thought and feelings clearly. This means, basically, that they lack structure. They lack the kind of structure that 75_____ us to divide a human utterance (发声) into 76_____.We can change an utterance by 77_____ one word in it with 78_____: a good illustration of this is a soldier who can say, e.g., “tanks approaching from the north”, 79_____ who can change one word and say “aircraftapproaching from the north”or “tanks approaching from the west”; but a bird has a single alarm cry, 80_____ means “danger!”This is why the number of 81_____ that an animal can make is very limited: the great tit (山雀) is a case 82_____ point; it has about twenty different calls, 83_____ in human language the number of possible utterances is 84_____. It also explains why animal cries are very 85_____ in meaning.66. A) recognitionB) function67. A) itB) that68. A) nativeB) animal69. A) waysB) methods70. A) datingB) exciting71. A) identicalB) different72. A) ButB) Therefore73. A) fromB) about74. A) inferB) explain75. A) encouragesB) enforces76. A) soundsB) words77. A) spellingB) saying78. A) oursB) another79. A) soB) but80. A) thisB) that81. A) signsB) signals82. A) inB) at83. A) sinceB) while84. A) limitless85. A) ordinaryB) alikeC) classificationD) definitionC) asD) whatC) humanD) physicalC) meansD) approachesC) warningD) boringC) similarD) unfamiliarC) AfterwardsD) FurthermoreC) withD) inC) interpretD) express C) enablesC) voicesD) speechesC) replacingD) pronouncingC) theirsD) othersC) orD) andC) whichD) itC) gesturesD) marksC) ofD) forC) anyhowD) somehowC) changeableD) ceaselessC) commonD) generalPart V Writing (15%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic My View on Online Self-access Learning. You should write at least 120 words. And you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 一些人认为上机自主学习方式好;2. 也有一些人认为传统的授课方式好;3. 我的看法。

专业英语B1【考试试卷答案】

专业英语B1【考试试卷答案】

专业英语B1【考试试卷答案】《专业英语》试卷B适用专业:考试日期:考试时间:120分钟考试形式:闭卷试卷总分:100分一、填空(18分)1.The four strokes of a four-stroke engine are: 、、、。

2.The lubrication system has fours functions, they are: 、、、。

3. TDC is the abbreviation(缩写) for ,ABS is the abbreviation for。

4.An valve which allows the fresh charge of fuel/air into the combustion chamber。

5.An valve which allows the spent gases to escape to the atmosphere via the exhaust system。

6.Generally, an engine consists of two mechanisms and five systems. They are 、、、、、and the lubrication system。

二、英译汉(共82分)The automobiles now running on streets are so various in style and design that you can hardly imagine what the automobiles looked like one hundred years ago. With the development of auto industry, automobiles have been changed greatly and remodeled from time to time. But, however different the auto models, automobiles are basically the same in structure. In other words, any automobile is composed of four sections such as engine, chassis, body and electrical system..The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel(also called a compression-ignition engine).Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the transmission。

化学专业英语化学专业英语课期末考试试卷含答案

化学专业英语化学专业英语课期末考试试卷含答案

化学专业英语试卷学号:姓名:成绩: 一:把下列单词或词组译成英文本题共 30 分,每小题 1 分1. NiClO42 nickel perchlorate3. FeCl2 iron2chloride5. AlNO33 aluminum nitrate7. MnO2 manganese dioxide9. N2O3 dinatrogen trioxide11. NaClO sodium hypochloride13. P2O5 diphosphorous pentaoxide15. KMnO4 patassium permangate17. 盐酸hydrochloric acid19. KCN patassium cyanide21. 5-甲基-4-丙基壬烷5-methyl-4-propylnonaane23. 四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride25. 中和neutralize27. 比热容specific heat capacity29. 酸酐anhytride 2. CuSO4 copper sulfate4. CoCO3 cobalt carbate6. CaC2H3O22 calcium acetate8. H2SO410. 六氰合铁Ⅱ酸钾12. Ag2SO3 sliver sulfite14. 草酸铅 lead cyanate16. ZnOH2 zinc hydroxide18. 磷酸根 phosphate20. 2,3-二甲基戊烷2,3-dimethylpentane22. 2,3,7-三甲基-5-乙基辛烷2,3,7-trimethyl-5-ethyloct ane24. 石蕊试纸litmus paper 26. 滴定titration28. 非电解质electrolyte 30. 配位化合物complex compound三. 把下列短文译成汉语本题共 40 分,每小题 10 分1. Without chemistry our lives would be unrecognisable, for chemistry is at work all around us. Think what life would be like without chemistry - there would be no plastics, no electricity and no protective paints for our homes. There would be no synthetic fibres to clothe us and no fertilisers to help us produce enough food. We wouldn’t be able to travel because there would be no metal, rubber or fuel for cars, ships and aeroplane. Our lives would be changed considerably without telephones, radio, television or computers, all of which depend on chemistry for the manufacture of their parts. Life expectancy would be much lower, too, as there would be no drugs to fight disease.没有化学反应我们的生活将会大变样,化学就在我们周围;没有化学生活会是什么样子——没有塑料,,家里没有电,也没有防护漆;不会给我们合成纤维,没有化肥帮助我们生产足够的食物;我们不能旅行,因为不会有金属、橡胶或燃料汽车、船只和飞机;我们的生活将会大大改变了没有电话、收音机、电视或电脑,所有这些依赖化学生产的部分;没有药物来抵抗疾病,预期寿命将低得多;2. The first and second laws of thermodynamics and the meaning of entropy will be discussed. and expanded upon in this lesson. It will be shown that energy transformations on a macroscopic scale — that is, between large aggregates of atoms and/or molecules —can be understood in terms of a set of logical principles. Thus thermodynamics provides a model of the behavior of matter in bulk. The power of such a model is that it does not depend on atomic or molecular structure. Furthermore, conclusions about a given process .based on this model, do not require details of how the process is carried out.探讨热力学第一和第二定律和熵的意义.和扩展在这个知识;也就是说它将表明能源在宏观上的转换,根据一组逻辑原则可以理解能量在大量的原子或分子内的转换;因此热力学定理提供了一个物质体积变化的模型;这样一个模型的能力在于它不依赖于原子或分子结构;此外,给定进程的结论依托于这种模式,不需要的详细说明过程是如何进行的3.Preparation of Cuen2cdaH2O: H2cda 4-羟基-2,6 吡啶二酸 g, mmol was dissolvedin water 10 mL and the pH value of the solution was adjusted to 7~8 with aqueous NaOH solution molL-1, then adding it dropwise to a methanol solution 10mL ofCuClO42·6H2O , and ethylenediamine mmol under stirring at room temperature.After the resulting small quantity of precipitates was filtered off, dark blue crystals suitable for X-ray structure analysis were obtained by slow evaporation of the filtrate at room temperature.制备CUen2cdaH2O:使克,的4 -羟基2、6吡啶二酸溶解在10ml水中加入氢氧化钠水溶液调整到pH值7 ~ 8,然后将它一滴一滴地添加到CuClO42·6H2O,的乙醇溶液和乙二胺,在室温下搅拌;在室温下,缓慢蒸发滤液,得到深蓝色晶体,用x射线分析它的结构4. Measure 50 ml of vinegar with a pipette and pour into a 250-ml beaker. Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Fill a burette with a 1 N solution of sodium hydroxide NaOH and draw out the excess as described above. From the burette add NaOH to the beaker of vinegar until 1 drop of NaOH produces a pale pink color in the solution. Maintain constant stirring. The appearance of pink tells you that the acid has been neutralized by the base and there is now 1 drop of excess base which has turned the indicator. Read the burette and record this reading as the volume of base used to neutralize the acid. One molecule of NaOH neutralizes one molecule of acetic acid, or one gram-molecular weight of NaOH neutralizes one gram-molecular weight of acetic acid. Calculate the amount of acetic acid present in the vinegar. Report this amount as the percentage of acetic acid. 用移液管吸取50ml醋加入到250毫升烧杯,加2滴酚酞指示剂;在滴定管中加入1M的氢氧化钠溶液,去除刻度线以上的溶液,将氢氧化钠溶液加入到醋中,并不断震荡,至到加入一滴氢氧化钠溶液变成粉红色;出现粉红色的颜色,表示酸中和了碱,而且多余的一滴碱使指示剂变色;阅读并纪律中和酸消耗碱的体积;一个分子的氢氧化钠中和一个分子的醋酸,或一个分子重量的氢氧化钠中和一个分子重量的醋酸反应;计算醋酸在醋的量;报告醋酸的百分比;。

化学专业英语试卷

化学专业英语试卷

2009 —2010学年第一学期化学与材料学院(系)07级应用化学专业《专业英语》期末试卷1.Write the structural formula or Chinese name for each of the following(2% for each answer):(1)barium ion: (2)chlorate ion:(3)potassium ion: (4)carbonic acid:(5)ammonium ion: (6)pyrrole:(吡咯)(7)polystyrene: (聚苯乙烯) (8)p-hydroxybenzoic acid:(对羟基苯甲酸)(9)benzonitrile (苄腈) (10)critical pressure: (临界压力)(11)methanal: (甲醛)(12)buffer solution :(缓冲溶液)(13)alkali burette:(碱式滴定管)(14)extract :(萃取) (15)tetrasulfur dinitride: (S4N2)(16)aldose:(醛醣)(17)sodium dihydrogenphosphate (磷酸二氢钠)(18)zinc oxide:(19)6-ethyl-4-methyldecane:(20)quantitative analysis: (定量分析)2.Write the English name for each of the following(2% for each answer):(1)IBr: (2)天平(balance)(3)阴离子(anion) (4)H2SO3(5)滴液漏斗: (dropping funnel)(6)CuNO3:(7)AgF: (8)滴定(n.):(titrate)(9)Ca(MnO4)2: (10)辛醇:(11)十三烷:(12)(CH3CH2)2Hg: (diethylmercury)(13)CH3CHCH CH2CH3:(14)CH3CH2CHCOOHCH3:(15)CHOHONH2:(2-amino-5-hydroxybenzaldehyde)3.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese:(1)Pick the size of your separatory (sep.) funnel. You will usually use 125 or250-mL, large scale reactions (1–10 g) can require 500-mL or 1-L sizes.Remember that your sep. funnel will contain the solvent and wash liquid which must be thoroughly mixed.(5% for the answer)参考答案:挑选出你要的分液漏斗的大小。

化学专业英语试卷B

化学专业英语试卷B

2012—2013学年度第一学期应用化学专业专业英语课程试卷B 注意事项:1. 考生务必将自己姓名、学号、专业名称写在指定位置;2. 密封线和装订线内不准答题;一、词汇填空 写出下列每个词汇对应的英汉单词共20小题,每空1分,共20分1. 原子2. 镍3. 氦4. 元素5. 阴离子6. 钴7. 丙酮8. 碘9. 乙醚10. 钾11. 甲烷12. 乙醇13. chlorine14. nickel15. phosphorus16. potassium17. arsenic18. sulfur19. butane20. aluminum二、给下列无极化合物的英语名称共10小题,每小题2分,共20分1. HCl2. HBr3. CuSO 44. H 2SO 45. NaCl6. Na 2S7. KF8. Al 2O 39. KMnO 410. FeCl 3二、给下列有机化合物的英语名称共5小题, 每小题4分,共20分3322CH 3CH 2CH 32. CH 32C =CHCH 33. CH 2OHCH 2CHCH 2OHCH 2OH4. 3,4-二甲基苯酚5. 甲乙醚三、英译汉共10小题, 每小题4分,共40分1. The study of the properties of substances constitutes an important part of chemistry, because their properties determine the uses to which they can be put.2.The cleavage of the different crystals of salt is the same; when crushed, the crystals always break along planes parallel to the original faces, producing smaller crystals similar to the larger ones. 3.It is customary to say that under the same external conditions all specimens of a particular substance have the same physical properties density, hardness, color, melting point, crystalline form, etc. 4.Sodium chloride has the properties of changing into a soft metal, sodium, and a greenish-yellow gas, chlorine, when it is decomposed by passage of an electric current through it. 5. When biscuits are made with use of sour milk and baking soda there isa chemical reaction between the baking soda and a substance in the sourmilk, lactic acid, to produce the gas carbon dioxide, which leavens the dough by forming small bubbles in it.6.When an acid, base, or salt is dissolved in water the resulting solutionis a conductor of the electric current and is termed an electrolyte. If no conduction of current occurs, the compound is known as a nonelectrolyte.7.Green chemistry is the chemistry that aims to reduce the amount ofhazardous substance coming out in the process of producing chemical materials and to reduce the amount of resource and energy consumed in that process.8.Nonbenzenoid compounds containing rings of carbon atoms are calledalicyclic. These are carbocyclic compounds which resemble aliphatic compounds in many ways.9.The second group is composed of compounds derived from or related tobenzene, C6H6. Because the first known derivatives of benzene were naturalproducts extracted from balsams and impressed the discoverers because of their fragrant aromas, the group as a whole came to be known as aromatic compounds.10.Heterocyclic compounds are cyclic compounds with the ring containingcarbon and other elements, the commonest being oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. There are a number of heterocyclic rings which are easily opened and do not posses any aromatic properties, e. g. , ethylene oxide, γ- and δ-lactones.。

化学专英试题及答案

化学专英试题及答案

化学专英试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共10分)1. The term "stoichiometry" refers to the:A. Study of chemical reactionsB. Calculation of amounts of reactants and products in chemical reactionsC. History of chemistryD. Physical properties of substances2. Which of the following is not a state of matter?A. SolidB. LiquidC. GasD. Energy3. The SI unit for the amount of substance is the:A. CoulombB. JouleC. MoleD. Newton4. In the periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing:A. Atomic massB. Atomic numberC. ElectronegativityD. Ionization energy5. The process of converting a solid to a liquid is called:A. SublimationB. VaporizationC. MeltingD. Decomposition二、填空题(每空1分,共10分)1. The chemical symbol for the element oxygen is ________.2. The law that states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of molecules is known as________'s law.3. The process of a substance changing from a liquid to a solid is called ________.4. The pH scale ranges from ________ to ________, with 7 being neutral.5. A compound that releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water is known as an ________.三、简答题(每题5分,共20分)1. Explain what is meant by the term "valency" in chemistry.2. Describe the difference between a physical change and a chemical change.3. What is the significance of the Avogadro's number in chemistry?4. Discuss the role of catalysts in chemical reactions.四、计算题(每题10分,共20分)1. If 5 moles of a gas occupy 22.4 liters at standard temperature and pressure (STP), calculate the volume occupied by 10 moles of the same gas at STP.2. A 1.5 M solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) is mixed witha 3.0 M solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in a 1:1 volume ratio. Calculate the molarity of the resulting solution.五、实验题(每题15分,共30分)1. Describe a laboratory procedure to test for the presence of chloride ions in a solution.2. Outline the steps to prepare a standard solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) for titration.答案:一、选择题1. B2. D3. C4. B5. C二、填空题1. O2. Boyle3. Solidification4. 0, 145. Acid三、简答题1. Valency refers to the combining power of an element, which is the number of hydrogen atoms it can combine with or replace in a chemical reaction.2. A physical change is a change in the state or form of a substance without altering its chemical composition, while a chemical change involves a transformation that results in theformation of new substances.3. Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23) is significant becauseit represents the number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) in one mole of a substance.4. Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process, thus facilitating the reaction without altering the overall chemical equilibrium.四、计算题1. 44.8 liters2. 0.75 M五、实验题1. To test for chloride ions, add a small amount of silver nitrate solution to the test solution. If a white precipitate forms, it indicates the presence of chloride ions.2. To prepare a standard solution of KMnO4, dissolve a known mass of the compound in a minimal amount of distilled water, then dilute it to a known volume in a volumetric flask. The concentration can be calculated using the mass and volume of the solution.。

化学专业英语真题答案解析

化学专业英语真题答案解析

化学专业英语真题答案解析化学是自然科学中的重要学科之一,在全球范围内都有广泛的研究和应用。

随着国际化和交流的加强,掌握好化学专业英语已经成为化学学生的必备能力之一。

为了帮助化学学生更好地应对英语考试,下面将针对化学专业英语真题进行解析,为大家详细解答各道题目。

第一题:The equation —— gives the action of the solvent on solute. What is the term that can be used to describe this equation?A. Complexation equationB. Partition coefficient equationC. Solubility equationD. Reaction equation正确答案:C. Solubility equation解析:这道题目考查了化学中关于溶解性的概念。

答题关键是理解题干中“the action of the solvent on solute”所涉及的内容,也就是溶解过程。

根据知识点可以得知,溶解度方程是用来描述溶解过程的,所以正确答案是C. Solubility equation。

第二题:According to the first law of thermodynamics, the energy of a system and its surroundings will ______ during a chemical reaction.A. increaseB. decreaseC. remain constantD. fluctuate正确答案:C. remain constant解析:第一题涉及到了热力学中的第一定律。

根据第一定律的表述,能量在化学反应中是守恒的,也就是说系统和周围环境的能量总量不会发生变化。

因此,正确答案是C. remain constant。

化工英语试题及答案

化工英语试题及答案

化工英语试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. Which of the following is not a type of catalyst used in chemical reactions?A. Homogeneous catalystB. Heterogeneous catalystC. Biological catalystD. Inert catalyst答案:D2. The process of converting raw materials into products in a chemical plant is known as:A. SynthesisB. DistillationC. ReactionD. Processing答案:D3. What is the term used to describe the separation of a mixture into its individual components?A. FiltrationB. EvaporationC. DistillationD. Crystallization答案:C4. In chemical engineering, what does the acronym "P&ID" stand for?A. Process and Instrumentation DiagramB. Product and Industry DesignC. Plant and Industrial DevelopmentD. Power and Industrial Devices答案:A5. Which of the following is a common method for measuring the concentration of a solution?A. SpectrophotometryB. ChromatographyC. TitrationD. All of the above答案:D6. What is the main purpose of a heat exchanger in a chemical process?A. To increase the temperature of the reactantsB. To cool down the productsC. To transfer heat between two fluidsD. To separate components of a mixture答案:C7. Which of the following is a unit of measurement for pressure?A. Pascal (Pa)B. Newton (N)C. Joule (J)D. Coulomb (C)答案:A8. What is the term used to describe a chemical reaction that produces energy in the form of heat or light?A. Endothermic reactionB. Exothermic reactionC. Isothermal reactionD. Photochemical reaction答案:B9. In the context of chemical engineering, what does the term "yield" refer to?A. The amount of product produced per unit of timeB. The percentage of theoretical product that is actually producedC. The efficiency of a chemical processD. The amount of raw material used in a process答案:B10. Which of the following is a type of pollution control technology used in chemical plants?A. ScrubbersB. FiltersC. Both A and BD. Neither A nor B答案:C二、填空题(每题2分,共20分)1. The chemical formula for water is __________.答案:H2O2. The SI unit for temperature is __________.答案:Kelvin (K)3. The process of converting a solid into a liquid by heating is called __________.答案:Melting4. A __________ is a device used to control the flow of a fluid in a pipeline.答案:Valve5. The __________ is a type of diagram that shows the relationship between different parts of a chemical process. 答案:Flowchart6. The term __________ refers to the study of the physical and chemical properties of materials.答案:Material Science7. The __________ is a type of equipment used to separate liquid mixtures based on differences in their boiling points. 答案:Distillation Column8. The __________ is a type of chemical reaction where two ormore substances combine to form a new compound.答案:Synthesis Reaction9. __________ is a method used to remove impurities from a substance by passing it through a semipermeable membrane.答案:Dialysis10. The __________ is a unit of measurement for the amount of substance in a system.答案:Mole三、简答题(每题10分,共40分)1. Explain the difference between a homogeneous and a heterogeneous catalyst.答案:A homogeneous catalyst is a catalyst that is in thesame phase as the reactants, usually a liquid or gas. A heterogeneous catalyst is a catalyst that is in a different phase from the reactants, typically a solid.2. Describe the purpose of a control system in a chemical process.答案:A control system in a chemical process is used tomonitor and adjust the process variables to maintain the desired operating conditions. This ensures the process runs efficiently, safely, and produces the desired product quality.3. What are the three main types of distillation processes?答案:The three main types of distillation processes aresimple distillation, fractional distillation, and vacuum distillation.4. Discuss the importance of safety measures in a chemical plant.答案:Safety measures in a chemical plant are crucial to prevent accidents, protect the health of workers, and minimize environmental impact. They include proper equipment design, training of personnel, emergency response plans, and adherence to safety regulations.。

大学化学专业英语作业答案

大学化学专业英语作业答案

英语作业答案第四页:1.You found that, in two experients,hardness and greenness in apples wenr together with sourness.在两个实验中,你会发现,苹果的酸度往往与它的硬度和颜色有关。

2.These vacuum tubes will see use in the output stage.这些真空管将在输出阶段起作用。

3.bio- biomaterial生物材料biotechnology 生物技术biodegrebable生物可降解的biomedicine 生物医学biocatalyst生物催化剂Biosynthesis生物合成nano- nanochemistry纳米化学nanostructure 纳米结构nanotechnology纳米技术nanotube 纳米管nanosecond纳秒anti- antibody抗体anticancer 抗癌的antioxidant 抗氧化剂antifoam 消泡剂antitumor抗癌抗菌素4.good knife 好刀good conductor 良导体good English 流利的英语good momey 高薪good soil 肥沃的土壤good oil 提纯的油Milk is good food for children.牛奶对儿童来说是很好的食物。

It is no good heating the material to such temperature.把这种材料加热到这个温度是没有必要的。

The works gave the machine a good checking,工人们给这台机器做了一个彻底的检查。

第十七页:1.纯苦杏仁苷的制备。

Preparation of pure amygdalin.HPLC-RI法测定大豆磷脂酰胆碱含量。

Determination ofphosphatidycholine in soybean by HPLC-RI..聚丙烯酸钠高吸水性树脂的制备和性能研究。

化工专业英语练习题 参考答案

化工专业英语练习题 参考答案

练习一参考答案1将下列句子或段落翻译成英语1)A process is any operation or series of operations that causes a physical or chemical change in asubstance or a mixture of substances .The material that enters a process is referred to as input or feed the process,and that which leaves is called output or product.2)As a chemical engineer,you might be called on to design individual process units (such as reactors,distillation columns,heat exchangers),supervise the operation of a process,or modify a process design to accommodate a change in the feed or in the desired product characteristics.As a rule,to any of these things you must know the amounts,compositions,and conditions of the materials that enter and leave each process unit,and if you are working with an existing units,you must be able to measure enough of these quantities to verify that the process is doing what it was designed to do.3)Founded in 1839from a small production firm for pharmaceutical products,B.Braun has grown steadilyinto a multinational company dealing with medical products,medical technology,pharmaceutical and biotechnology.2将下列句子或段落翻译成汉语1)包括的一系列操作,如混合、蒸发、过滤,无论产物是什么,这些操作都基本同,从而导致了单元操作的概念。

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2013—2014学年度第一学期 应用化学专业《专业英语》课程试卷(A ) 注意事项:1. 考生务必将自己姓名、学号、专业名称写在指定位置; 2. 密封线和装订线内不准答题。

一、词汇填空 (写出下列每个词汇对应的英汉单词)(共20小题,每空1分,共20分) 1、 分子 ( molecule ) 2、 物理性质 ( physical property ) 3、 硬度 ( hardness )
4、 电解质 ( electrolyte )
5、 熔点 ( melting point )
6、 沸点 ( boiling point )
7、 离子键 ( ionic bond or electrovalent bond )
8、 晶体 ( crystal )
9、 硅 ( silicon ) 10、钾 ( potassium ) 11、溶解度 ( solubility ) 12、构型 ( configuration ) 13、挥发性 ( volitility ) 14、正电荷 ( positive charge ) 15、phosphorus ( 磷 ) 16、alcohol ( 乙醇 ) 17、acetone ( 丙酮 ) 18、base ( 碱 ) 19、acid ( 酸 )
20、ether ( 乙醚 )
二、给下列无机化合物的英语名称(共10小题, 每小题2分,共20分)
1、 NaCN Sodium cyanide
2、 Ba(OH)2 Barium hydroxide
3、 KMnO 4 Potassium permanganate
4、 H 2SO 4 Sulfuric acid
5、 ZnSO 4 zinc sulfate or zinc sulphate
6、 FeS Iron (II) sulfide or Ferrous sulfide
7、 H 3PO 4 phosphoric acid
8、 H 2SO 3 Sulfurous acid
9、 HClO 4 Perchloric acid
10、FeCl 3 iron (III) chloride or ferric chloride
二、给下列有机化合物的英语名称(共5小题, 每小题4分,共20分)
1. 甲乙醚 ethyl methyl ether
2.
对甲基苯酚 4-methyl phenol 3.
苯乙烯 styrene 4.
CH 3CH =C(CH 2CH 3) CH 2 OH 2-ethyl-2-buten-1-ol 5. (CH 3)3CCH 2CH 2OH 4,4-dimethyl-1-butanol or 4,4-dimethyl butanol
三、英译汉(共10小题, 每小题4分,共40分)
1、 Carbon-sodium and carbon-potassium bonds are largely ionic in character; carbon-lead, carbon-tin,
carbon-thallium and carbon-mercury bonds are essentially covalent.
碳-钠键和碳-钾键有较大的离子性,碳-铅键,碳-锡键,碳-铊键和碳-汞键基本上属于共价键。

2、 The reactivity of organometallic compounds increases with the percent ionic character of the carbon-metal
bond.
金属有机化合物的反应活性随着碳金属键中离子性所占的百分数的增大而增强。

3、 Organometallic compounds of lithium and magnesium are of great importance in organic synthesis. 锂和镁的金属有机化合物在有机合成上有重大的意义。

4、Unlike absorption, in which solute molecules diffuse from the bulk of a gas phase to the bulk of a liquid
phase, in adsorption molecules diffuse from the bulk of the fluid to the surface of the solid adsorbent, forming a distinct adsorbed phase.
在吸收过程中,溶质分子从气相主体中扩散的液相主体中。

但是在吸附过程中,分子从流体主体中扩散到固体吸附剂的表面,形成一个独立的吸附相。

5、Equipment for extraction must be capable of providing intimate contact between two phases so as to affect
transfer of solute between them and also of ultimate effecting a complete separation of the phases.
提取的设备必须能够让两相有紧密的接触,使得两相中溶质的转移得以实现。

同时这个设备还要让两相的分离得以实现。

6、Any potential application of adsorption has to be considered along with alternatives, notably distillation,
absorption and liquid extraction.
任何可能的对于吸附的应用必须和其他的分离手段一起考虑来比较优劣,例如蒸馏,吸收和液相萃取。

7、Leaching refers to the extraction of a soluble constituent from a solid by means of a solvent.
浸提指的是通过使用一种溶剂把一种可溶性组分从固体中分离出来的提取办法。

8、Separation of the compounds of a mixture by distillation takes advantages of the fact that different substances
can differ in the degree to which they can be vaporized under the conditions of the experiment.
通过蒸馏来分离混合物中的组分利用的是这样一个原理:不同的物质在同一个实验条件下气化的程度有区别。

9、In a mixture of two completely immiscible liquids, each exerts its own vapor pressure independently of the
other.
在一个由两个完全不互溶的液体所形成的混合物中,每一种液体都形成各自独立的蒸气压,相互不影响。

10、On both large and small scale crystallization is the most important method for the purification of solid
organic compounds
无论是在大规模还是小规模上,结晶都是一种非常重要的提纯固体有机物的方法。

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