2014武汉大学翻译硕士考研历年真题翻译硕士英语试题
2014年武汉大学357英语翻译基础考研试题(回忆版)
2014年武汉大学357英语翻译基础英语翻译基础考研试题考研试题考研试题（（回忆版回忆版）） 一、短语翻译短语翻译 英译汉1.Federal Reserve2.Export subsidy worth4.hard shoulder5.China New service6.population ageing7.default fine8.ISO9.documentary translation10.Skopos theory11.ST12.Antidumping13.tax evasion14.intellectual property15.population ageing汉译英1.宽松货币政策2.养老保险3.文化逆差4.城镇化5.资源配置6.居民储蓄存款7.扩大内需8.中国创业板9.原油价格10.蛇年11.住房公积金12.宽带速度13.钱权交易14.网络推手15.民生二、短文翻译短文翻译1.英译汉Tyltyl was a fine, tall little fellow, stout and well-setup, with curly black hair which was often in a tangle, for he was fond of a romp. He was a great favourite because of his smiling and good-tempered face and the bright look in his eyes; but, best of all, he had the ways of a bold and fearless little man, which showed the noble qualities of his heart. When, early in the morning, he trotted along the forest-road by the side of his daddy, Tyl the woodcutter, for all his shabby clothes he looked so proud and gallant that every beautiful thing on the earth and in the sky seemed to lie in wait for him to smile upon him as he passed.His little sister was very different, but looked ever so sweet and pretty in her long frock, which Mummy Tyl kept neatly patched for her. She was as fair as her brother was dark; and her large timid eyes were blue as the forget-me-nots in the fields. Anything was enough to frighten her and she would cry at the least thing; but her little child's soul already held the highest womanly qualities: she was loving and gentle and so fondly devoted to her brother that, rather than abandon him, she did not hesitate to undertake a long and dangerous journey in his company.2.汉译英晋太元中，武陵人捕鱼为业。
武汉大学翻硕英汉互译真题
武汉大学翻硕英汉互译真题1.APEC 亚太经合组织2.CAT 计算机辅助翻译(Computer Aided Translation) ; （结合：CAD 计算机辅助设计）3.NATO 北大西洋公约组织（North Atlantic Treaty Organization）4.FIT 国外个人旅行（Foreign Independent Tour）5.GPS 全球定位系统（Global Position System）；6.IMF 国际货币基金组织(International Monetary Fund)7.subtitling 字幕8.Morse code 摩尔斯电码9.Translation studies 翻译研究10.Jerusalem 耶路撒冷11.General Assembly 联合国大会12.Gallup poll盖洛普民意测验13.money order汇款单14.Think-Aloud Protocols有声思维15.translation norms翻译规范汉译英：16.双赢Win-win17.三国Three Kingdoms18.直译Literal translation19.信达雅faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance20.民族政策Ethnic policies21.科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development；22.节约型社会conservation-oriented society23.节能减排Energy conservation and emission reduction24.次贷危机Sub-prime mortgage crisis25.服务型政府Service-oriented government26.扫黄打非Eliminate pornography and illegal publications27.灾害救助制度the natural disaster relief system28.和谐社会harmonious society29.职业翻译者professional translator30.国际关系民主化practice democracy in international relations1 ASEAN:东南亚国家联盟（东盟）（Association of Southeast Asian Nations)2 CPI:消费者物价指数（Consumer Price Index）；3 EQ:情商（Emotional Quotient）4 GMT:格林威治标准时间（Greenwich Mean Time）5 GNP：国民生产总值（gross national product）6 OPEC：石油输出国家组织（Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries）7 UNCF:联合国儿童基金会（the United Children's Fund ）8 UNESCO:联合国教科文组织（United Nations Educational，Scientific，and Cultural Organization)9 NGO:民间组织；非政府组织（Non-Governmental Organization）10 Dynamic Equivalence 动态对等11 Foreignizing Method 异化12 Intersemiotic Translation 符际翻译【扩展：翻译可从5种不同的角度来分类：从译出语和译入语的角度来分类，翻译可分为本族语译为外语、外语译为本族语；1）从涉及到的语言符号来分类，翻译分为语内翻译（intralingual translation）、语际翻译（interlingual translation）和符际翻译（intersemiotic translation）；2）从翻译的手段来分类，翻译可分为口译（oral interlingual translation）、笔译（written interlingual translation）和机器翻译（machine translation）；3）从翻译的题材来分类，翻译可分为专业文献翻译（translation of English for science and technology）、文学翻译（literary translation）和一般性翻译（practical writing translation）；4）从翻译的处理方式来分类，翻译可分为全译（full translation）、摘译（partial translation）和编译（translation plus editing）】13 Lingua Franca 通用语14 Polysystems Theory 多元系统理论15 Department of Homeland Security 国土安全局汉译英：1 即席翻译unseen translation2 稀土rare earth3 产品导向product-driven4 民族的先知prophet of a nation5 操纵汇率Exchange Rate Manipulation6 第三产业The tertiary industry7 宏观调控macro-control efforts8 虚拟经济Virtonomics9 生态补偿机制ecological compensation mechanism10 西部大开发largescale development of the western region11 抑制流动性curb liquidity12 可持续发展sustainable development13 全面战略伙伴关系the comprehensive strategic partnership14 转变政府职能The transformation of governmental functions15 国际金融新秩序a new international financial order。
2014年MTI翻译硕士英语 考研词汇语法模拟真题三(含标准答案)
2014年MTI翻译硕士英语考研词汇语法模拟真题三（含标准答案）MTI考研迅速提分材料认真学习可以得到400分搞定一切学校文章来源：/luckymti整理：博文MTI主讲老师：曹倩词汇语法模拟题翻译硕士英语Part IPart I Vocabulary and Grammar(30％)Section One: Directions：There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part．Foreach sentence there are four choices marked A，B，C and D．Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence．1. ____ you eat the correct foods _____ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.A. Only if; will youB. Only if; you willC. Unless; will youD. Unless; you will2. He didn’t hear the news, _______.A. so didn’t IB. so did IC. neither did ID. nor didn’t I3. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _____ in his lectures.A. interestedB. interestingC. interest[详情请看]/luckymti博文MTI考研迅速提分材料认真学习可以得到400分博文MTI QQ: 1582633616关于博文MTI考研迅速提分材料的几个问题：1.通用，MTI虽是每个院校自主出题，不过出题内容基本上都是遵循《全国翻译硕士MTI考试大纲》的，所以题目千变万化，不过万变不离其宗。
2014年武汉大学翻译硕士考研真题
翻译基础一、短语翻译1.英译汉Federal ReserveExport subsidynet worth;hard shoulderChina New servicepopulation ageingdefault fineISOdocumentary translationSkopos theorySTantidumpingtax evasionintellectual propertypopulation ageing2.汉译英宽松货币政策；养老保险；文化逆差；城镇化；资源配置；居民储蓄存款；扩大内需；中国创业板；原油价格；蛇年；住房公积金；宽带速度；钱权交易；网络推手；民生短文翻译1.英译汉Tyltyl was a fine, tall little fellow, stout and well-setup, with curly black hair which was often in a tangle, for he was fond of a romp. He was a great favourite because of his smiling and good-tempered face and the bright look in his eyes; but, best of all, he had the ways of a bold and fearless little man, which showed the noble qualities of his heart. When, early in the morning, he trotted along the forest-road by the side of his daddy, Tyl the woodcutter, for all his shabby clothes he looked so proud and gallant that every beautiful thing on the earth and in the sky seemed to lie in wait for him to smile upon him as he passed.His little sister was very different, but looked ever so sweet and pretty in her long frock, which Mummy Tyl kept neatly patched for her. She was as fair as her brother was dark; and her large timid eyes were blue as the forget-me-nots in the fields. Anything was enough to frighten her and she would cry at the least thing; but her little child's soul already held the highest womanly qualities: she was loving and gentle and so fondly devoted to her brother that, rather than abandon him, she did not hesitate to undertake a long and dangerous journey in his company.2.汉译英晋太元中，武陵人捕鱼为业。
2014年硕士研究生入学考试初试专业课357英语翻译基础试题
北京科技大学2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 357 试题名称：英语翻译基础（共 3 页）适用专业：翻译说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。
============================================================================================================= 一、英汉互译短语翻译（30分）IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)GNP (Gross National Product)Gini coefficientcarbon taxresource recyclingquantitative easinggenetically modified foodurbanization ratio核心竞争力资源配置绿色增长可燃冰社交网络雾霾碳交易二、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）In 1992, Deng underscored the need to follow through on the “modernisation” course that he initiated in the 1980s and he emphasised the need for the economy to strengthen investment and become far more export-oriented. These policies, pursued by Deng’s successors, spurred extraordinary overall economic growth including the emergence from poverty into the mainstream of hundreds of millions of Chinese.Now, however, Xi and Li accept that the era of double-digit annual GDP growth has ended. They are building Communist Party support—and this is why the forthcoming plenary session is important—for rapid action on an economic agenda that they hope can deliver sustained annual growth of between 7 and 7.5 per cent. 三、将下列短文译为汉语（35分）Seven years ago Beijing’s government set a target of making the city a “liveable” one by 2020, with “fresh air and a beautiful environment”. Few praise its progress. Complaints abound about its congestion, pollution, desperate shortage of water and hugely expensive housing. Even in the state-controlled media, suggestions are sometimes made that it is time to build a new capital.Beijing has been Ch ina’s capital for most of the past 600 years. Since the Communist victory in 1949, the Chinese have been taught to revere the city as an embodiment of China’s power, the party’s might and their country’s glorious history. To propose a move strikes many as heretical. In recent years, however, some have broken ranks. In 2000 even China’s then Prime Minister, Zhu Rongji, joined the sceptics. The capital, he declared, might have to move if measures to curb its sandstorms failed.Since then officials have claimed some success in reducing the frequency of these lung-clogging calamities. But other problems have grown. Beijingers fed up with traffic gridlock sometimes pronounce the word “shoudu”, meaning capital, in a different tone so that it sounds like “the most congested”. For much of the year a grey blanket of pollutants shrouds the city. The rate of birth defects has doubled over the past decade. The environment is thought to be a contributory factor. Several scholars have suggested, in newspapers as well as online, that these and other problems would best be solved by relocating the central government.Beijing’s bureaucrats are unlikely to be persuaded. Their privileges, common to all those registered as Beijing citizens (ie, not migrants from other provinces), include readier access than most other Chinese have to some of the country’s best educational and medical facilities. Some local officials in places favoured by scholars as potential capital sites have been proclaiming their merits. But given the allure of Beijing’samenities, it is little wonder that the central authorities keep quiet.四、将下列段落译为英语（25分）今年是中国发展进程中不平凡的一年。
华中师范大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2014年
华中师范大学翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试真题2014年(总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Ⅰ. Translation of terms or phrases(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、A. Translate the following English terms and phrases into Chinese:(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.ADB（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：亚洲开发银行(Asian Development Bank)2.UN Charter（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：联合国宪章3.ASEAN-Association of Southeast Asian Nations（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：东盟——东南亚国家联盟4.League of Arab states（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：阿拉伯国家联盟5.Office of United States Trade Representatives（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：美国贸易代表办公室6.United Combatant Commands（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：联合作战司令部7.CSD（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：联合国可持续发展委员会(Commission on Sustainable Development)8.ICAO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国际民用航空组织(International Civil Aviation Organization)9.IDB（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：美洲开发银行(Inter-American Development Bank)10.ILO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国际劳工组织(International Labor Organization)11.PIF（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：太平洋岛国论坛(Pacific Islands Forum)12.UNDP（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：联合国开发计划(United Nations Development Programme)13.IMO（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国际海事组织(International Maritime Organization)14.ITU（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：国际贸易组织(International Trade Organization)15.Porsche（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：保时捷三、B. Translate the following Chinese terms and phrases into English:(总题数：15，分数：15.00)16.中华人民共和国科学技术部（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：Ministry of Science and Technology of the People"s Republic of China17.国家安全部（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：Ministry of State Security18.民政部（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：Ministry of Civil Affairs19.国家计划生育委员会（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：State Family Planning Commission20.国务院办公厅（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：General Office of the State Council21.海关总署（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：customs head office22.国家环境保护总局（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：State Environmental Protection Administration of China23.国家质量技术监督局（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision24.法律援助服务委员会（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Legal Aid Services Council25.中国证券监督管理委员会（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：China Securities Regulatory Commission26.国家海洋局（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：State Oceanic Administration27.承德避暑山庄（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Emperor Kangxi"s Summer Mountain Resort in Chengde28.人民英雄纪念碑（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：Monument of the People"s Heroes29.二十四节气（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：The 24 Solar Terms30.江南水乡（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River四、Ⅱ. English-Chinese Translation(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：30.00)31.At seventeen the promise of Noelle"s early beauty had been more than fulfilled. She had matured into an exquisite woman. She had fine, delicate features, eyes a vivid violet color and soft ash-blond hair. Her skin was fresh and golden as though she had been dipped in honey. Her figure was stunning, with generous, firm, young breasts, a small waist, rounded hips and long shapelylegs, with delicate ankles. Her voice was distinctive, soft and mellifluous. There was a strong, smoldering sensuality about Noelle, but that was not her magic. Her magic lay in the fact that beneath the sensuality seemed to lie an untouched island of innocence, and the combination was irresistible. She could not walk down the streets without receiving propositions from passersby. They were not the casual offers that the prostitutes of Marseille received as their daily currency, for even the most obtuse men perceived something special in Noelle, something that they had never seen before and perhaps would never see again, and each was willing to pay as much as he could afford to try to make it a part of himself, however briefly.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：()解析：诺艾丽十七岁时，早先便有的那种美丽就更加显得出类拔萃。
2014年中南大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础真题(回忆版)
一.短语翻译1.IMO2.CPI3.UNCF4.OECD5.ASEAN6.OAU7.APEC8.AFTA 9.GPA 10.to ramp up diplomatic engagement11. 100000 strong Initiative 12.a public-private partnership13.to foster new bright spots of Asian cooperation14.to increase strategic trust 15.bilateral trade deficit16.加强ZF间的磋商合作17.坚持“ZF引导，企业主体，市场运作，互利共赢”的方针18.减少可吸入颗粒19.原油价飙升20.传销21.虚拟经济22.法定准备金率23.上市子公司24.土豪25.养老保险26.中国创业板27.社会媒体和大数据迁移研究28.主要经济指标29.产权多元化30.建立定制的信息提取和过滤系统二.英译中BEAUTY, the saying has it, is only skin deep. Not true. Skin is important (the cosmetics industry proves that). But so is what lies under it. In particular, the shape of people’s faces, determined by their bone structure, contributes enormously to how beautiful they are. And, since the ultimate point of beauty is to signal who is a good prospect as a mate,what makes a face beautiful is not only an aesthetic matter but also a biological one. How those bone structures arise, and how they communicate desirable traits, are big evolutionary questions.Until now, experiments to try to determine the biological basis of beauty have been of the please-look-at-these-photographs-and-answer-some-questions variety. Some useful and not necessarily obvious results have emerged, such as that one determinant of beauty is facial symmetry.But what would really help is a breeding experiment which allowed the shapes of faces to be followed across the generations to see how those shapes relate to variations in things that might be desirable in a mate. These might include fertility, fecundity, social status, present health, and likely resistance to future infection and infestation. Correlations between many of these phenomena and attributes of the body-beautiful have, indeed, been established. But in a pair-forming, highly social species such as Homo sapiens, you also have to live with your co-child-raiser or, at least, collaborate with him or her. So other things may be important in a mate, too, such as an even temper and a friendly outlook.It would be impossible to do such a breeding experiment on people, of course. But as Irene Elia, a biological anthropologist at Cambridge,realised, it has in fact been done, for the past five decades, on a different species of animal. Dr Elia has published her analysis of this experiment in the Quarterly Review of Biology. The animals in question are foxes.三.中译英中国将继续高举和平、发展、合作、共赢的旗帜，坚定不移致力于维护世界和平、促进共同发展。
2014年武汉大学翻译硕士考研真题,出题老师,招生人数,押题模拟考试1
育明教育-武汉大学翻译硕士最权威考研辅导机构2011年真题（原题）翻译硕士英语一、单选（40*0.5）二、改错一篇文章10个错误（是一篇专八的真题••）三、阅读理解分A,B两部分（40’）：A：30分。
4篇文章，每篇5个单项选择题，共20个题，每题1.5分B：10分。
1篇文章，5个问答题，每题2分，要求答案不超过10个单词四、作文（30’）:讲的是大学教育。
说一部分人认为大学教育的最主要目的是为了找好工作，另一部分人认为是为了个人发展和社会。
请陈述两种观点，最后还要说说自己的看法。
英语翻译基础一、30分：A：15个英译汉：GNP，UNCF，CPI，UNESCO，ASEAN，OPEC，lingua franka，foreignizing method，polysysterm thory，intersemiotic translationB：15个汉翻译：转变政府职能，民族先知，全面战略伙伴关系，第三产业，生态补偿机制，虚拟经济二、段落翻译（120’）A：60分，英翻汉（奥巴马就职演讲的几段）：I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors. I thank President Bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosityand cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because We the People have remained faithful to the ideals of our forbearers, and true to our founding documents.That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost; jobs shed; businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly; our schools fail too many; and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet. These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land - a nagging fear that America’s decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this, America - they will be met.B:汉翻英（夏衍《野草》中的几段）：有人问：世界上什么东西的气力最大？回答纷纭的很，有的说“象”，有的说“狮”，有人开玩笑似的说是“金刚”，金刚有多少气力，当然大家全不知道。
2014年MTI翻译硕士英语 考研写作模拟真题三(含标准答案)
2014年MTI翻译硕士英语考研写作模拟真题三（含标准答案）MTI考研迅速提分材料认真学习可以得到400分搞定一切学校文章来源：/luckymti整理：博文MTI模考题三：人生哲理Directions:The famous American philosopher Ralph WaldoEmerson once wrote: “Man is his own star, and the soul that can render an honest and a perfect man; (and) commands all light, all influence, all fate. ”（人是他自己的命运之星，是可臻于诚实完美的人类的灵魂，他掌握着所有的光明、所有的影响、所有的命运）Yet while manypeople subscribe to the ideal of self-independence, others point out that independence is not without limitations or drawbacks. In your view, is it beneficial for individuals to depend highly on themselves?[详情请看]/luckymti博文MTI考研迅速提分材料认真学习可以得到400分博文MTI QQ: 1582633616关于博文MTI考研迅速提分材料的几个问题：1.通用，MTI虽是每个院校自主出题，不过出题内容基本上都是遵循《全国翻译硕士MTI考试大纲》的，所以题目千变万化，不过万变不离其宗。
2.高效，基本上涵盖了翻译硕士所需要的所有语法、词汇、阅读、写作等，专业老师针对性讲解翻译硕士MTI所有基础和技巧的内容。
消化后，高分比较容易。
3.节省复习时间，大量的考研成功同学的使用反馈让本套资料的定位更加高效，市面上的MTI资料确实不少，不过内容泛泛，有很多不考的内容，会浪费不少时间。
翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试武汉大学2014年真题
翻译硕士英语学位MTI考试武汉大学2014年真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：40，分数：20.00)1.The U. S government is made up of three portions ; executive, legislative and judicial. （分数：0.50）A.parts √B.ingredientsC.principlesD.proportions解析：[解析] 句意：美国政府由三个部分组成：行政、立法和司法。
portion和part含义相同，均表示“(整体中独立的)部分”。
ingredient(混合物的)组成部分；(构成)要素。
principle原理，原则。
proportion 比例；部分。
2.For 18 months, Iran repeatedly rebuffed all U. S proposals to free the hostages.（分数：0.50）A.rebukedB.rejected √C.abusedD.filtered解析：[解析] 句意：一年半以来，伊朗一再拒绝美国要求释放人质的提议。
rebuff断然拒绝，回绝。
reject 拒绝，驳回。
rebuke非难，指责。
abuse滥用；虐待。
filter过滤；渗入。
3.The common earthworm is made up of round segments , commonly divided into anterior and posterior. （分数：0.50）ansB.cellsC.ringsD.sections √解析：[解析] 句意：一般的蚯蚓都是由一段一段的环形组成的，通常还包括前段和后段。
segment 段；体节。
section节，段。
organ器官。
cell细胞。
ring环状物，圆圈。
round表示“圆"的”，ring与之语义重复，故不选。
2014年国际关系学院英语翻译基础考研真题
育明教育孙老师整理，来育明教于赠送资料，更多真题可咨询孙老师。
国际关系学院2014年翻译硕士MTI真题及答案一、词语翻译：英译汉（每题1分，总共15分）web-addiction:沉迷网络；网瘾position available:空缺职位unilateral provocation:单方面挑衅anchorwoman:女主播tertiary industry：第三产业optimize entrepreneurial ecology：优化创业生态stock option：优先认股权gender-biased：性别歧视的credit crisis：信用危机weak investment：投资疲软NAACP:National Association for the Advancement of Colored People美国有色人种协进会FIFA:International Federation of Football Association国际足联FRB:Federal Reserve Board美联储GM:General Motors美国通用汽车ILO:International Labour Organization国际劳工组织二、词语翻译：汉译英（每题1分，总共15分）国有资产监督管理委员会The State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission治理环境污染:curb environmental pollution信访制度:petitioning system黄牛党:scalper事业单位:public institution恶性通货膨胀:hyperinflation吃空饷:freeloading流行歌曲排行榜:hit parade新农合补助:rural cooperative medical care system月球探测器:lunar probe喊破嗓子不如甩开膀子Talking the talk is not as good as walkingthe walk.拿回扣：take kickbacks房产税征收：realty tax levy中签率：odds of winning居住证：residence permit三、英汉互译：英译汉（每篇60分,总共60分)Since1976,the US dollar’s role as an international currency has been slowly waning.International use of the dollar to hold foreign-exchange reserves,denominate financial transactions,invoice trade,and as a vehicle in currency markets is below its level during the heyday of the Bretton Woods era,from1945to1971.But most people would be surprised by what the most recent numbers show.There is an abundance of explanations for the downward trend.Since the Vietnam War,US budget deficits,money creation,and current-account deficits have often been high.Presumably as a result,the dollar has lost value relative to other major currencies or in terms of purchasing power.Meanwhile,the US share of global output has declined.And,most recently,the disturbing willingness of some members of the US Congress to pursue a strategy that would cause the Treasury to default on legal obligations has undermined global confidence in the dollar’s privileged status.Moreover,some emerging-market currencies are joining the club of international currencies for the first time.Indeed,some analysts have suggested that the Chinese renminbi may rival the dollar as the leading international currency by the end of the decade.But the dollar’s status as an international currency has not fallen uniformly.Interestingly,the periods when the public is most concerned about the issue do not coincide with the periods when the dollar’s share in international transactions is in fact falling.It is not an eternal law of nature that the dollar shall always be number one.The pound sterling had the top spot in the nineteenth century,only to be surpassed by the dollar in the first half of the twentieth century. The day may come when the dollar,too,succumbs to a rival.But today is not that day.（原文出自世界经济论坛Will the dollar lose its dominance?育明教育整理）参考译文：1976年以来，美元作为国际货币的角色一直在缓慢减弱。
全国各大高校翻译硕士(MTI)真题全集
2018 年上外高翻 MTI 研究生统考《汉语百科知识》考题完整版百科知识（一）选择题1.能表演“掌上舞”是古代哪位美女？（几个选项是：貂蝉，西施，赵飞燕，杨玉环）2.《史记》中“世家”是给什么人做的传？（帝王，王侯，将士，还有一个忘了。
）3.“孔雀东南飞”和___并称诗歌史上的“双壁：4.“菊月”是指哪一个月？5.“红肥绿瘦”是指什么季节？6.“司空见惯”中“司空”是指？ A唐朝的一位诗人 B唐朝的一位高僧 C一个官职7.下面哪一个是武松所为？A倒拔垂杨柳 B汴京城卖刀 C醉打蒋门神8.“名花解语”是指什么？9.“程门立雪”是为了什么？A拜访 B请罪 C道谢 D拜别10.一知半解又爱炫耀的人我们通常用什么词语形容？A半截剑 B半段枪 C半面 D半瓶醋11.“七月流火”形容的是？ A炎炎夏日 B夏去秋来 C春去秋来 D秋去冬来12.“汗流浃背”是为了什么？13.京剧中，性格活泼的青年女性是？ A青衣 B花旦 C彩旦14. “杨柳”是？ A一种植物 B两种植物 C与植物无关15“成也萧何败萧何”指的是哪位历史人物？（二）成语解释精卫填海来龙去脉初出茅庐韬光养晦斯芬克之谜2018英语专业考研备考精华资料史上最全最有效大家论坛原创基础英语英汉互译二外语言学英美文学英美文化学校真题汇总等热门必备的辅导书：基础与综合英语[基础英语] 2018英语专业考研考点精梳与精练基础英语[大家网]英语专业考研名校全真试卷基础英语 07到 10年真卷与解读下载[大家网]2018英语专业基础英语考研真题详解.圣才.2018年版[大家网]2018英语专业基础英语考研真题详解.金圣才. 2009出版[大家网]09年版.英语专业考研基础英语高分突破.吴中东.宫玉波[大家网]10年题解英语专业考研过关必备 3000词 PDF.金圣才版1[大家网]英语专业考研核心词汇.pdf.宫玉波.09版[大家网]题解英语专业考研过关必备 3000词[大家网]读者的选择阅读手册[大家网]读者的选择第 4版英文版[大家网]谈语言写作读本英汉互译：[大家网]2018英语专业英汉互译考研真题与典型题详解.圣才考研网编[大家网]星火英语专业考研名校全真试卷精解英汉互译（2018）[大家网]2018年英语专业考研名校全真题精解.英汉互译.郭棲庆.10年版重点推荐资料：点击下载！英语专业考研（最全最新！） /thread-2407892-1-1.html 基础英语汇总：各校基础英语真题资料汇总英美文学：各校英美文学真题汇总二外：英研二外资料——日语、法语、德语、俄语、西班牙语等汇总学校真题汇总：中国人民大学英语专业考研真题汇总！中国矿业大学英语专业考研资料汇总！上海外国语大学北京外语国大学资料汇总华中师范大学英语专业考研--汇总华中科技大学英语专业考研资料汇总广东外语外贸大学深圳大学的真题汇总南开大学英语专业考研真题汇总中山大学资料汇总暨南大学资料北京航空航天大学英语专业考研真题资料西安外国语大学英语专业考研真题汇总河海大学英语专业考研真题资料汇总中国海洋大学英语专业考研资料小汇武汉理工大学英语专业考研资料汇总武汉大学英语专业考研资料汇总苏州大学英语专业考研资料北京师范大学英语专业考研资料汇总西安外国语大学英语专业考研真题汇总四川大学英语专业考研真题资料汇总！2南京大学英语专业考研资料中南大学二外法语 01年到 07年真题 pdf翻译资料：全日制翻译硕士专业学位 MTI研究生入学考试指南外事翻译口译和笔译技巧.rar下载[大家网]新编当代翻译理论刘宓庆著下载[大家网]英汉翻译综合教程[大家网]西方译学理论辑要下载[大家网]英语翻译理论与实践论文集下载[大家网]外事翻译口译和笔译技巧.rar下载汉语成语典故谚语与歇后语英语翻译全国 68所院校英汉互译试卷分析英语专业考研翻译超全面的笔记~英语专业考研各大院校题型对比分析 pdf英语修辞手法经济学人文本许渊冲与翻译艺术.张智中.扫描版散文佳作 108篇汉英英汉对照报刊英语单词精华经济指标名词解释真题：基础英语汇总：各校基础英语真题资料汇总英美文学：各校英美文学真题汇总二外：英研二外资料——日语法语德语俄语西班牙语等汇总语言学方面真题：汇总中中南大学 2006年英语语言文学与文化综合知识真题四川外语学院 01-06年英语语言文学真题长安大学 2007年英语语言学真题四川外国语大学英语专业 2006年考研真题翻译真题：汇总中广外英语专业历年初试真题水平+翻译与写作武汉大学 2009综合英语汉译英真题及参考答案南京大学 2007基础英语汉译英及参考答案文本及 pdf广外 10年写作与翻译真题3上外 01-08年英汉互译真题外交学院翻译真题及答案杭州师范大学 2018年硕士生招生入学考试科目和参考书目9.天津地区院校英专考研翻译真题8.上海地区院校英专考研翻译真题7.陕西地区院校英专考研翻译真题6.江苏地区院校英专考研翻译真题5.湖北地区院校英专考研翻译真题4.广东地区院校英专考研翻译真题3.福建地区院校英专考研翻译真题[大家网]2.东北地区院校英专考研翻译真题.pdf[大家网]1.北京地区院校英专考研翻译真题.pdf[大家网]高级英语第一册第二册教材及教师用书 rar下载孙亦丽--大学英语精读学习精要--第一册第二册第三册 pdf下载【大家论坛】传播学原理 2009年版张国良全日制翻译硕士专业学位 MTI研究生入学考试指南英语专业考研名校全真试卷基础英语 07到年真卷与解读下载英语专业考研核心词汇.pdf.宫玉波.09版孙亦丽--大学英语精读学习精要--第一册第二册第三册 pdf下载高级英语第二册教材及教师用书第一册 rar下载MTI之 2018中文百科-keys（杭州小蚩尤尝鲜版）1.汉宫飞燕赵飞燕身材轻盈，有人认为是古代芭蕾的雏形。
2014年武汉大学611基础英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2014年武汉大学611基础英语考研真题及详解I.Cloze(15×1=15points)Directions:Fill in the numbered blanks with proper words.Among the20 expressions given,only15should be used.Make sure the words come in correct forms in terms of both grammar and meaning.tickle demonstrate coordination humorous breathe inevitable negative boost tease tension fold involve excessive side associate itch titter relaxation repeated painThe fingers of an outstretched arm are nearing your body;you bend away(1) your torso,bending your head to your shoulder in hopes that you don’t get tickled; but the(2)occurs:what you anticipated—you are tickled and in hysterics you chuckle(3)and burst into uncontrollable laughter.Why do we laugh when we are tickled?Tickling is caused by a light sensation across our skin.At times the light sensation can cause(4);however,most of the time the light touch causes giggling.If a feather is gently moved across the surface of the skin,this can also cause tickling and giggling.Heavy laughter is caused by someone or something placing(5)pressure on a person and tickling a particular area.The sites tickled often are feet,toes,(6),underarms,and neck which cause a great deal of laughter.Yngve Zotterman from Karolinksk Institute has found that tickling sensations(7)signals from nerve fibers.Also,Zotterman discovered ticklingsensations to be(8)with sense of touch and not just with nerve fibers because people who have lost(9)sensations still laugh when tickled.But really,why do we laugh?Why are we not able to(10)ourselves?What part of the brain is responsible for laughter and humor?Why do we say some people have no sense of humor?Research has shown that laughing is more than just a person’s voice and ughter requires the(11)of many muscles throughout the body. Laughter also increases blood pressure and heart rate,changes(12),reduces levels of certain neurochemicals(catecholamines,hormones)and provides a(13) to the immune system.Can laughter improve health?It may be a good way for people to relax since muscle(14)is reduced after laughing.Human tests have found some evidence that humorous videos and tapes can reduce feelings of pain, prevent(15)stress reactions and boost the brain’s biological battle against infection.【答案与解析】1.folding（该短文主要讲的是人为什么被挠痒会笑以及笑给身体带来的积极影响。
2014年考研真题 翻译
Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic，philosophical， sensual， or mathematical， but in any case it must， in my view，have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical；but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical： sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.（46）It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words， all we can do is articulate our reactions to it， and not grasp music itself.Beethoven's importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected， as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression， he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention.（47）By all accounts he was a freethinking person， and a courageous one， and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding， let alone the performance， of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven's music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage， for example in the use of dynamics.（48）Beethoven's habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics， but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.（49）Especially significant was his view of freedom， which， for him， was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual： he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven's music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him， order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence； order is a necessary development， an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony， but the second， so that suffering does not have the last word.。
14年华工翻硕英语真题答案解析TIPS
1.Subsequently adv.其后，随后，接着;“subsequent”的派生;嗣后;尔后Successively adv. (in proper order or sequence)先后;依次;接连着，继续地E.g. He successively won the British, European and World championships.他一口气拿下了英国、欧洲和世界冠军。
Predominantly adv.占主导地位地;显著地;占优势地Preliminarily adv.初步地2.practically adv.几乎;实际上;事实上E.g. My essay is practically finished now.我的论文现在差不多写完了。
It sounds like a good idea, but I don't think it will work practically.这个主意听起来不错，但我认为它实际上行不通。
Permanently adv.永久地，长期不变地(for a long time without essential change)3.Contrive vt.策划;设计，发明;创造;设法做到vi.计划或谋划(If you contrive an event or situation, you succeed in making it happen, often by tricking someone.)Consolidate vt.统一;把…合成一体，合并;巩固(to make a position of power or success stronger so that it is more likely to continue)，加强;合计金额vi.合并;统一;联合Heave vt.举起;投掷;使起伏;呕吐vt.& vi.喘息;呕吐vi.起伏;（山丘等）隆起;拖;气喘n.隆起;举起;波动;呕吐Intensify vt.& vi.（使）增强，（使）加剧;增加（照片图象）的对比度;变强或增强（使）加强，增强，加剧to increase in degree or strength; to make sth increase in degree or strength同义词：heighten4.Takeover n.收购;（事业等的）接管;（经营权等的）接收;验收Turnover n.翻滚，翻倒，弄翻，逆转，转向;半圆形的小馅饼;营业额，成交量，证券交易额;[体育运动] 易手，失球adj.可翻下的，或折转的Overtake vt. 压倒;追上，赶上;（不愉快的事）突然降临Overturn vt.& vi.（使）翻倒vt.使垮台，推翻;撤销（判决等）n.推翻，垮台;瓦解;灭亡，毁灭5.Set up :①to formally establish a new company, organization, system, way of working, etc.E.g She plans to set up her own business.②to arrange for an event or activity to happen:We need to set up a meeting to discuss the proposals.set apart 隔离开；突出(If a characteristic sets you apart from other people, it makes you different from the others in a noticeable way.);留出，以备特定用途：The room is set apart for smoking.这间屋子是专门为了人们吸烟而备的。
[考研类试卷]2014年武汉大学翻译硕士(MTI)汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷.doc
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[考研类试卷]2014年武汉大学翻译硕士（MTI）汉语写作与百科知识真题试卷一、单项选择题1 1778年1月26日，英国流放到澳大利亚的第一批犯人抵达（）。
英国开始在澳大利亚建立殖民地。
（A）基茨港（B）悉尼湾（C）皮里港（D）卡奔塔利亚湾2 英国殖民扩张开始于（）。
（A）纽芬兰的殖民化（B）东印度公司的建立（C）《英国北美法案》确定加拿大为自治领土（D）《巴黎条约》将加拿大割让给英国3 （）通常被看作是现代世界史的开端。
（A）百年战争（B）英国内战（C）第一次工业革命（D）第二次工业革命4 英国君主立宪制是从（）后开始的。
（A）英国内战（B）光荣革命（C）宪章运动（D）宗教改革5 美国罗斯福新政是最先从（）着手的。
（A）工业（B）农业（C）第三产业（D）金融业6 下列哪个典故不是出自战国时期（）。
（A）六月飞霜（B）毛遂自荐（C）一言九鼎（D）一箭双雕7 清李渔《蜃中楼．传书》“若问起牧羊之事呵，不但小妇人要哭倒长城，连你这司马青衫只怕也要湿透了一半”中的“司马青衫”用以形容悲伤，源自古代（）典故。
（A）司马相如（B）杜街（C）白居易（D）陶渊明8 下列选项中，不正确的是（）。
（A）“百折不挠”形容意志坚定，源自东汉桥玄的故事。
（B）“负荆请罪”表示向人认错道歉，源自战国时期赵国重臣蔺相如与廉颇的故事。
（C）“老骥伏枥”形容人虽年老但仍有雄心壮志，源自东汉末年曹操的《步出夏门行》。
（D）“百步穿杨”形容箭术高超或比喻料事准确，源自春秋战国时期鲁国名将养由基的故事。
9 周恩来《题词》“千古奇冤，江南一叶；同室操戈，相煎何急”中的“同室操戈”指兄弟相残的内部纷争，该典故源自（）的故事。
（A）春秋郑国公孙黑与公孙楚（B）三国魏曹植与曹丕（C）三国魏司马昭与司马师（D）后汉何休与郑玄10 下列关于古代科学成就的选项中，不正确的是（）。
（A）亚里士多德的《物理学》被视为世界上最早的物理学专著。
（B）阿基米德被后人誉为“静力学之父”，通过实验和数学推理提出和证明了杠杆原理和浮力定律。
2014年考研英语阅读理解 真题译文+ 题目翻译
2014年考研英语阅读理解真题译文+ 题目翻译Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember ___1___ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain ___2___, we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." ___3___ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) ___4___ impact on our professional, social, and personal ___5___.Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It ___6___ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental ___7___ can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___8___. Thinking is essentially a ___9___ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to ___10___ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. ___11___, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate ___12___ mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___13___ and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental ___14___.The Web-based program ___15___ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps ___16___ of your progress and provides detailed feedback ___17___ your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it ___18___modifies and enhances the games you play to ___19___ on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) ___20___exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1. [A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2. [A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3. [A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5. [A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11. [A] Therefore [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] However12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13. [A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15. [A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency" George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. "Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on." he claimed. "We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness"—protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency — permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker’s allowance" — invented in 1996 — is about redefining the unemployed as a "jobseeker" who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.*B+encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking.[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.*D+guarantee jobseekers’ legiti mate right to benefits.22. The phrase, "to sign on" (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.*B+to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance.[C]to register for an allowance from the government.[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel[A]uneasy[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.*B+Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.*C+The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed todo so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of thebusiness. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A]the growing demand from clients.[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.[C]the prospect of working in big firms.[D]the attraction of financial rewards.27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B]Admissions approval from the bar association.*C+Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D]Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from*A+lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance.[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers.[D]non-professionals’ sharp criticism.29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered "restrictive"partly because it*A+bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession.[B]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.[C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30.In this text, the author mainly discusses*A+flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.[B]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[C]a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.*D+the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he ac cepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion forthose behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as*A+a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth.[B]a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.*C+an example of bankers’ investments.[D]a handsome reward for researchers.32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit[A]the profit-oriented scientists.[B]the founders of the new awards.[C]the achievement-based system.[D]peer-review-led research.33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves*A+controversies over the recipients’ status.[B]the joint effort of modern researchers.[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes.[D]the demonstration of research findings.34. According to Paragraph 4,which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C]They are the most representative honor.[D]History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the now awards are[A]acceptable despite the criticism.[B]harmful to the culture of research.[C]subject to undesirable changes.[D]unworthy of public attention.Text 4"The Heart of the Matter," the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education." In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ a bility to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing "progressive," or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical[B] Appreciative[C] Contemptuous[D] Tolerant37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to*A+ retain people’s interest in liberal education*B+ define the government’s role in educati on[C] keep a leading position in liberal education*D+ safeguard individuals’ rights to education38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests[A] an exclusive study of American history[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C] the application of emerging technologies[D] funding for the study of foreign languages39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are[A] supportive of free markets[B] cautious about intellectual investigation[C] conservative about public policy[D] biased against classical liberal ideas40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp "The Heart of the Matter"[B] Illiberal Education and "The Heart of the Matter"*C+ The AAAS’s Contributio n to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B]In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copancollapsed.[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knossós) on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41.C → A →42.F → E →43.G→ 44.D →45.BPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’smusic. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. (48)Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49)Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.46. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.这也是为什么我们尝试用语言来描述音乐时，只是能表达出对音乐的感受却无法领会音乐本身。