系统解剖学课件：泌尿系统

• 肾皮质 renal cortex
红褐色、富含血管、细小颗粒(肾小体) 肾柱 renal columns
• 肾髓质 renal medulla
色淡、小的管道
肾锥体 renal pyramids: 15-20
肾乳头 renal papilla 乳头孔 papillary foramina
• 肾小盏 minor renal calices: 7-8 • 肾大盏 major real calices: 2-3
about 5cm from the posterior median line.
• Renal region－the area between
12th rib and the lateral margin of erector spinae.
肾的被膜 The coverings
• 纤维囊 fibrous capsule
• 后面 posterior：
Three muscles 膈 diaphragm (pleural cavity ) 腰大肌 psoas major 腰方肌 quadratus lumborum Three nerves 肋下神经 subcostal nerve 髂腹下神经 iliohypogastric nerve 髂腹股沟神经 ilioinguinal nerve
肾门 renal hilum
a vertical slit on the medial border of kidney.
• 肾蒂 renal pedicle the structures which enter and leave the renal hilum is called. including the renal vein, renal artery, renal pelvis, lymphatic vessels and nerves.
• 内侧 medial：
Left kidney－腹主动脉 abdominal aorta Right kidney－下腔静脉 IVC
肾的毗邻关系 The relations
• 前面 anterior：
Left kidney superior：stomach middle：pancreas inferior：Jejunum and left colic flexure
－a strong fibrous capsule which strips easily from a normal kidney surface but adheres firmly to an organ that has been inflamed.
• 脂肪囊 adipose capsule
• 肾盂 renal pelvis 前后扁平、漏斗状
肾的位置 The position • 腹腔后上部，脊柱两旁，
是膜外位器官；
• 左高右低，八字形
左肾：T12~L3椎体上缘 右肾：T12~L3椎体下缘 第十二肋斜过左肾后面 中部、右肾后面上部
• 肾区：竖脊肌外侧缘与第
12肋的夹角部位
• 肾门：平对L1椎体，距正
stores urine. • 尿道(urethra)－conducts
urine from bladder to exterior of body.
肾 Kidney
肾的形态
• 成对、蚕豆形、红褐色 • 上端宽薄、下端窄厚 • 前面圆钝、后面扁平 • 外侧缘凸隆、内侧缘
中部凹陷，称肾门 renal hilum
is occupied by the renal vessels and its branches or tributaries、minor renal calices、 major renal calices、renal pelvis and some adipose tissue.
肾的构造 The structures
－a thick adipose connective tissue capsule, surrounds the fibrous capsule. It acts as a shock absorber to protect the kidney from jolting and jarring.
中线约5cm
• Left kidney lies at the level from
the lower border of T11 to L2; the 12th rib is behind its middle part of the post surface.
• Right kidney lies slightly lower
泌尿系统 The Urinary System
组成和功能 Composition and Function
• 肾(kidney)－ forms urine. • 输尿管(ureter) － conducts
urine from Kidneys to bladder. • 膀胱(bladder)－receives and
• 肾蒂的结构顺序 from anterior to posterior: V. A. P. from superior to inferior: A. V. P.
肾窦 renal sinus
which is the renal hilum leads into a space within the kidney.
than the left kidney, at the level from the lower border of T12 to L3; the 12th rib is behind its upper part of the post surface.
• Renal hilum at the level of L1, is
• 肾筋膜 renal fascia
－on outside, surrounds both the kidney and suprarenal gland, holding these organs in place.
肾的毗邻关系 The relations
• 上方 superior：superarenal gland