江苏大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题
2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试真题
2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试考试科目：802化工原理（含实验）（允许使用计算器）请将题号和答案写在答题纸上，直接写在试卷上无效一、填空题1.层流流动中，体积流量不变而管径增大一倍吧，则摩擦系数______。
2.相同材料，装等量水的黑白塑料袋，放在阳光下照射，升温较快的是______，放在荫凉处降温，降温较快的是______，原因是______。
3.相同质量密度的片状和正方形状颗粒做沉降分离，正方形状颗粒较片状沉降快是因为______。
4.完成精馏操作的必要条件是塔顶______和塔底______。
5.板式塔中气体上升穿过板孔阻力主要来自______和______。
6.恒速干燥阶段，物料表面温度等与空气______。
7.在一定干燥条件下，物料厚度增加，物料临界含水量（）A．增大 B.减少 C.不变 D.不确定8.双层传热，传热系数λ1，λ2，温差Δt1，Δt2，若Δt1﹥Δt2，则λ1（）λ2A.﹥B.﹤C. =D.不一定9.单级（理论）萃取中，在维持进料组成和萃取相浓度不变的条件下，若用含有少量溶质的萃取剂代替纯溶剂所得萃余相浓度将（）A.增加B.减少C.不变D.不确定10. 在板框过滤机中，如滤饼不可压缩，介质阻力不计，过滤时间增加一倍时，其过滤速率为原来的（）A.2倍B.1/2倍C.1/3倍D.4倍11. 层流与湍流本质区别是（）A.湍流流速﹥层流流速B.流道截面大的为湍流，小的为层流C.层流的雷诺数﹤湍流的雷诺数D.层流无径向流动，而湍流有径向流动12. 离开干燥器，温度上升，湿度增大，干燥器热效率（）A.增加B.减少C.不变D.不一定13. 滤饼过滤时，对滤液中颗粒起拦截作用的是______而不是______。
14. 对不饱和湿空气，干球温度______湿球温度，露点温度______湿球温度高度。
二、计算题1.离心泵将20℃的水由敞口水池运送到表压为2.5atm的吸收塔，管径为Ф108mm×4mm，泵开口阀门全开时总当量长度为100m（包括局部阻力、进出口阻力），泵开口阀门全开时水的流量为56.5m3/h。
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试真题及答案解析
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试心理学专业基础综合试题一、单项选择题：1~65 小题，每小题 2 分，共130 分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1、不属于心理状态的是：A、感觉B、想象C、注意D、记忆2、大脑两半球之间传递信息的神经结构是：A、杏仁核B、内囊C、边缘系统D、胼胝体3、神经系统最小的单位是：A、突触B、轴突C、神经元D、胞体4、大部分色盲不能区分：A、红青B、红黄C、红蓝D、红绿5、感受性提高的感觉适应现象是：A、触觉适应B、嗅觉C、暗觉D、明觉6、当人看到下图，一般都只看到一些乱点，经提示这是一幅骑马图片后，人们就觉得像所提示的内容。
这主要体现的知觉特性是：A、知觉整体性B、知觉理解性 C 知觉恒常性、D、知觉选择性7、立体电影利用知觉的A、运动视差B、纹理梯度C、线条透视D、双眼视差8、5 岁小孩给娃娃讲妈妈讲过的故事，这种语言属于：A、对话B、独白C、语言获得D、语言理解9、安德森提出语言产生三阶段，包括：A、构造、转化、执行B、概念化、公式化、发音C、构造、转化、发音D、概念化、公式化、执行10、在沙赫特和辛格的情绪唤醒模型中，对情绪产生起关键作用的因素是：A、注意B、认知C、生理变化D、情境11、人对同一个目的同时产生两种对应的动机是：A、双趋冲突B、双避冲突C、趋避冲突D、多重趋避冲突12、根据马斯洛的需要层次理论，人的需要从低级到高级的正确排序：A、生理需要、安全的需要、尊重的需要、归属与爱的需要、自我实现的需要B、生理需要、安全的需要、归属与爱的需要、尊重的需要、自我实现的需要C、生理需要、归属与爱的需要、安全的需要、尊重的需要、自自我实现的需要D、生生理需要、归属与爱的需要、尊重的需要、安全的需要、自自我实现的需要13、某生学业成绩好，但其他表现一般，根据斯滕伯格的成功智力理论，其在校表现优异智力是：A、分析性智力B、创造性智力C、实践智力D、综合性智力14、下列属于晶体智力的是：A、形成抽象概念的能力B、发现复杂关系的能力C、理解词汇能力D、知觉的速度15、最具核心意义的个性心理特点是：A、能力B、气质C、性格D、兴趣16、根据奥尔波特的人格特质理论，构成个体独特性的重要特质属于：A、首要特质B、中心特质C、根源特质D、共同特质17、根据人对问题思考的速度的差异，卡根等将认真风格类型划分为：A、场独立性与依存性B、冲动型与沉思型C、同时性与继时性D、整体加工与部分加工18、让吸烟上瘾的人扮演因吸烟患肺癌接受治疗，之后他戒了烟。
2012年江苏省法律硕士联考综合课(非法学)真题考资料
A．甲欲强奸某妇女遭到激烈反抗，一怒之下卡住该妇女喉咙，致其死亡后实施奸淫行为。甲的行为构成强奸罪的结果加重犯
B．乙为迫使妇女王某卖淫而将王某强奸，对乙的行为应以强奸罪与强迫卖淫罪实行数罪并罚
C．丙在组织他人偷越国（边）境过程中，强奸了被组织的妇女李某。丙的行为虽然触犯了组织他人偷越国（边）境罪与强奸罪，但只能以组织他人偷越国（边）境罪定罪量刑
A、《共同纲领》是我国建国后制定的第一个宪法性文件
B、建国后《共同纲领》在我国发挥了临时宪法的作用
C、我国1999年宪法修正案第一次以法律的形式规定：“中华人民共和国实行依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家。”
D、从1978年宪法开始，我国宪法在结构上把公民基本权利义务一章置于了国家机构一章之前
14、根据《合同法》的规定，不安抗辩权行使的条件包括对方
A．构成故意杀人罪 B．构成过失致人死亡罪 C．构成故意伤害罪 D．属于意外事件
17、下列关于我国宪法产生和发展的表述正确的
A、《共同纲领》是我国建国后制定的第一个宪法性文件
B、建国后《共同纲领》在我国发挥了临时宪法的作用
C、我国1999年宪法修正案第一次以法律的形式规定：“中华人民共和国实行依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家。”
3、关于罪数的认定，正确的
A．甲使用暴力强迫赵某与自己进行商品交易，造成赵某重伤。对甲的行为应以故意伤害罪与强迫交易罪实行并罚
B．乙借用李某的摩托车后藏匿不想归还。李某要求归还时，乙谎称摩托车被盗。乙欺骗李某的行为不单独构成诈骗罪
C．丙为杀人而盗窃枪支，未及实施杀人行为而被抓获，丙的行为构成故意杀人（预备）罪与盗窃枪支罪的想象竞合犯
2012年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(B卷) .doc
2.以近年来因湖（库）蓝藻水华频繁爆发引出的饮用水安全保障问题，谈谈你对水源地水体富营养化问题的认识，包括特征、危害和防治。（15分）
3.常用的污水生物处理方法有哪些？试举例说明每种方法采用的原理、处理系统的组成和处理的对象。（15分）
4.环境质量评价指数评价方法中的单因子评价指数是如何计算的，该指数所表示的意义？在环境质量评价中如何应用？（10分）
考试科目：环境学概论共2页，第2页
2012年职工文艺调演报名表
年 月 日
区县局
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联系人
联系电话
演出单位
联系人
联系电话
节目形式
节目名称
伴奏形式
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演员总数
人，其中：伴奏人、伴舞人
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2012年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（B卷）
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学科、专业名称：环境科学（理
7.废物综合处理系统可分为(19)、熔融型和（20）三类。
三、简答题（共40分，每小题8分）
1. 简述破坏生态平衡的主要因素。
2. 简述环境影响评价的意义和作用。
3. 简述固体废弃物的主要危害。
4. 简述有机污染物进入水体后中会发生什么变化。
5. 简述臭氧层破坏的机理和危害。
四、论述及应用题（共50分，各小题分值见标注）
考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。
江苏大学2012,13年复试题
江苏大学2012年复试题一共8题，4月14号考完，本人4月18号晚上根据自己的回忆，把题目整理下来。
本人所用教材是清华大学余志气生主编的，第五版。
一．前轮驱动汽车在坡道上加速行驶时驱动轮受到的切向反作用力。
答案在书本26页。
此题就是书本上的证明题，此题不会的话，只能说书本不熟。
此题15分二．空气升力产生的原理，在汽车上改善空气升力所采用的技术。
这题我记得不全了，意思记得。
15分三．等速行驶工况燃油消耗量的计算。
分析影响燃油经济性的因素。
背书就会这题。
答案都在书上。
此题20分四．书本117也第二个图，让你分析ECE法规轿车制动力这样分配的原因。
答案也在书本上，这题好像是15分。
五．汽车质心位置对汽车动力学，制动性和操纵稳定性的影响。
好像是15分。
六．书本172页下面第二个和第三个图。
考试的第二个图的轮胎外倾方向和书本第三个图轮胎外倾方向相反的。
问那个图的轮胎具有不足转向特性。
答案在171页，173也下面的解释都可以是答案。
七．就145页第一个图，让你推倒之后的理论公示。
比如运动微分方程式，，转向灵敏度，等等，具体记不清了。
反正这章的理论公式是要你自己推导的。
还有就是要你分析汽车使用条件和结构对操纵稳定性的影响。
20分八．228页，让你推导车身与车轮双质量系统的制动中车身加速度均方值，在228页和217页有。
书本上没有具体的推导过程，但书本上有思路，226页6-61这个公式带入就可以了。
15分好像建议：汽车理论书本至少认认真真看5变，态度很重要。
对书本要很熟悉，这样在考试的时候才可以多写点。
考试时间3小时，如果你掌握的很好的话，把你知道的全写上的话，3个小时应该来说差不多正好够用。
我面试的时候，哪些老师就问道了我关于汽车理论的看法，他们说汽车理论很简单！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！江苏大学2013汽车理论复试题目以及面试情况介绍1.什么是附着率？汽车驱动形式和结构参数对动力性有什么影响？2.简述装有液力变矩器汽车的燃油经济性计算。
2012年苏州大学研究生入学考试A 纺织材料学
2012年苏州大学研究生入学考试纺织材料学（A卷）一．基本概念01.长丝纱：天然长纤维（茧丝）或化学纤维中连续的单根或多跟通过加捻、网络等方式并和在一起形成的细长物体为长丝纱。
02.变形纱：通过特殊加工而制成的具有特殊外观形态的纱线，有高度的弹性和蓬松性。
03.差别化纤维：一般经过捂脸变形或化学改性使纤维形态结构、物理化学性能有显著不同取得仿生效果或提高改善化纤的性能。
04、弹力丝：化纤通过假捻等方法加工后弹力提高，属于变形纱的一种，其特征是纱线伸长后能快速弹回。
分低弹丝和高弹丝。
05、抗弯长度：纤维在承受自身重量作用下弯曲时的最短长度，称为纤维的抗弯长度，刚性越大抗弯06、特克斯：指1000米长的纤维在公定回潮率下的质量克数，简称特，(tex.).07、防水性：液态水从织物的一面渗透到另一面称为织物的透水性，反之则为防水性。
08、塑性变形：利用合成纤维的热塑性，将织物在一定张力下加热处理使之固定于新的状态的工艺流程。
09、保暖性：织物抵抗热量有高温向低温传输的性能，纤维的导热系数越小，保暖性越好。
10、双边结构：羊毛纤维的皮质层由结构相对输送的正皮质和结构相对紧密的副皮质组成，正皮质始终位于羊毛卷曲的外侧，副皮质位于卷曲的内侧，羊毛的此种结构称为双边结构。
二．简答题1.什么是羊毛纤维的缩绒性？缩绒性是怎样形成的？对服装面料来说缩绒性有何利弊之处？a.羊毛的缩绒性及其形成：羊毛纤维织物在湿热或化学试剂作用条件下，羊毛鳞片层会张开，如果同时加以反复摩擦挤压，由于定向摩擦效应，使纤维保持指根性运动，纤维纠缠按一定方向慢慢蠕动，羊毛纤维噬合成毡，羊毛织物收缩紧密，羊毛这一性质称之为缩绒性。
b.对服装面料有利的一面：缩绒使毛织物具有独特的风格，显示了羊毛的优良特性c.对服装面料有弊的一面：缩绒使毛织物在穿用中容易产生尺寸收缩和变形。
大多数精纺毛织物和针织物，经过染整工艺，要求纹路清晰，形状稳定，这些都是要求减小羊毛的缩绒性。
江苏大学《825流体力学》历年考研真题汇编
3. 计算题（2S分） 注：本题来解需要计算篱. 确定潜艇它在水面航行的兴波阻力和在水下航行时的粘性阻力，水上航速为&7用/八 水下航速为55*分别在水池和风洞中进行船模试验’设船模的几何尺寸为实船的 i/65r试分别计算船模在水池、风洞中的速度。 （y* =1.145x10^ m2/s, *气=].45心时箫/$,风泅试验时，审脂》Ml『时，可不 考虑旺的影响,共阻方系数基本不受.）
科目代璃；取5科目若称：流体力学第2页井2页
2013年江苏大学能源与动力工程学院825流体力学考研真题
科目代码: 嬴学 科目名称：
江苏大学
满分：座分
L名词解特（用文字、数乳 图3种方式同时简要回答，（括号内的以说清间题为原州 可选择1-2种方式回答）（35分） 1） 定常流与均勾流（举例说明这组觥愈在流体力学的基本方程和教挚实检台中是如何 应用的）; 2） 流线与涡线（写出流巍与涡线的方程，对比说明流场与就涡场的异同，乘出直渴线 （即平面点涡）的诱导速度X 3） 动力粘度与涡粘度（写出2种相度的表达式，说明涡粘度是如何产生的，在回管房 流、濡流（粘牲底屋、过渡区、湍流核心中）两种粘度相互的重要怪及太小时比）； 4） 边界层与边界层分离（说明列车站台安全线强离的确定，•蛆概念对统流物体摩擦 阻力及压菱航力的影响）； 5） 空化与空蚀（空化如何判荆，实睑中如何实现空化现枣的演示，水系等兼直中在何 处可能出现空化与空蚀）.
江苏大学2012年硕士研究生初试科目参考书目
江苏大学2012年硕士研究生初试科目参考书目科目代码科目名称参考书101 思想政治理论具体考试范围参考教育部考试中心编制的考试大纲111 单独考试思想政治理论《马克思主义政治经济学原理》，顾海良.高等教育出版社.2003年199 管理类联考综合能力具体考试范围参考教育部考试中心编制的考试大纲201 英语一具体考试范围参考教育部考试中心编制的考试大纲204 英语二具体考试范围参考教育部考试中心编制的考试大纲240 单独考试英语大学英语1～4册241 日语(二外) 《新大学日语简明教程》（第三版），王诗荣、林璋.高等教育出版社，2006年242 德语(二外) 《新编大学德语》（第1、2册），朱建华、陶玉华.外语教学与研究出版社,2011年243 英语(二外) 不指定参考书301 数学一含高等数学、线性代数、概率论与数理统计。
具体考试范围参考教育部考试中心编制的考试大纲302 数学二含高等数学、线性代数。
具体考试范围参考教育部考试中心编制的考试大纲303 数学三含微积分、线性代数、概率论与数理统计。
具体考试范围参考教育部考试中心编制的考试大纲306 西医综合具体考试范围参考教育部考试中心编制的考试大纲311 教育学专业基础综合具体考试范围参考教育部考试中心编制的考试大纲315 化学(农) 具体考试范围参考教育部考试中心编制的考试大纲337 工业设计工程《世界现代设计史》，王受之.中国青年出版社，2002年；与《设计学概论》尹定邦.湖南科学技术出版社，1999年341 农业知识综合三含程序设计、数据库技术与应用、网络技术与应用，各科目内容各为50分。
《Visal Basic 程序设计》，张林峰、羊四清.中国铁道出版社，2007年；与《数据库系统概论》（第四版），王珊、萨师煊，高等教育出版，2006年；与计算机网络（第五版），谢希仁，电子工业出版社，2008年含工程力学、机械设计、农业机械与装备，各科目内容各为50分。
江苏大学502历年真题
江苏大学502历年真题江苏大学硕士研究生入学考试样题A卷科目代码：243科目名称英语（二外）满分：100分注意：①认真闽读答题纸上的注意事项：②所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在本试题纸或草稿纸上均无效：③本试题纸须随答题纸一起装入试题袋中交回！Part I Vocabulary (20 points)Please choose the best answer for each sentence below.to go to the party with us.1.After working all day,he was so tired that he was in noA) tasteB) moodC) senseD) emotion2. Finding a job can be _______and disappointing, and therefore it is important that you are prepared.A)exploitingB) frustratingC) profitingD)misleading3. Workers in the fine arts thoughts and feelings through theircreative works.A) transmitB) elaborateC) conveyD) contribute4. Three university departments have been S600,000 to develop good practice in teaching and learning.A) promotedB) includedC) securedD) awarded5. The rapid development of communications technology is transforming the in which people communicate across time and space.A) moodB)missionC)mannerD) vision6. Mr. Jones holds strong views against video games and the closing of all recreation facilities for such games.A) assistsB) acknowledgesC) advocates7. Apart from caring for her children, she has to take on suchheavy housework as carrying water and firewood.A) time-consumedB) timely-consumedC) time-consumingD) timely-consuming8.Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely to the outside world.A) having been lostB) to be lostC) losingD) lost9. The police are trying to find out the of the woman killed in the traffic accident.A) evidenceB) recognitionC) statusD) identity10. All human beings have a comfortable zone regulating the they keep from someone they talk with.A) distanceC)rangeD)boundary11. We have planned an exciting publicity with our advertisers.A) struggleB)campaignC) battleD) conflict12. the help of their group, we would not have succeeded in the investigation.A) BesidesB) Regardless ofC) But forD) Despite13. John doesn't believe in medicine; he has some remedies of his own.A) standardB) regularC)routineD) conventional14. Owing to competition among the airlines, travel expenses have been reduced considerably.B) strainedC) eagerD) critical15. Though in a big city, Peter always prefers to paint the primitive scenes of country life.A)grownB) raisedC) tendedD) cultivated16. If people feel hopeless, they don't bother to the skills they need to succeed.A) adoptB) acquireC) accumulateD) assemble17. The shop assistant was dismissed as she was of cheating customers.A) accusedB) chargedC) scoldedD) cursed18. All her energies are upon her children and she seems to have little time for anything else.A) guidedB) aimedC) directedD) focused19. Everyone should be to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated.A) attributedB) entitledC) identifiedD) justified20. His wife is constantly finding with him, which makes him very angry.A)errorsB) shortcomingsC) faultD) flawPart I Grammar (10 Points)Please read the following sentences and fill in the blanks with the correct word forms.21.(finish) preparing dinner, she stood at the front door waitingfor her children to return.22. The boy had no choice but (follow) his father into the room.23. While (apply) for a job, the graduate student got an offer to study abroad.24. Rose knows that continuous letters from John, together with countless roses, are (aim) at making her fall in love with him. 25. Perhaps the most popular tourist attraction on the island is the beautiful beach (offer) warm water, abundant sea life, and clean sand.26. Asking about a lady's age is considered to be an (embarrass) question in western cultures.27. In Chinese culture, "red" (represent) happiness, while in some western countries,"red" is more connected with danger and warning. 28. Recently a kind of traditional Chinese medicine is quite popular in the United States, for it is effective (cure) patients of their cough. 29. Only 10 out of the 97 passengers (survive) the plane crash in Russia last month.30. The mayor awarded the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in (rescue) the earthquake victims.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there arefour choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Some of the world's most significant problems hit headlines. One example comes from agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world's major crops. Anew study by the University of Minnesota and MeGill University in Montreal looks at where,and how far, this decline is occurring.The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice,wheat,corn and soybeans(大豆).They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that took place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and2000s.There are two worrying features of the slowdown.One is that it has been particularly sharp in the world's most populous(人口多的)countries,India and China. Their ability to feed themselves has been an important source of relative stability both within the countries and on world food markets. That self-sufficiency cannot be taken for granted if yields continue to slowdown or reverse.Second, yield growth has been lower in wheat and rice than in cornand soybeans. This is problematic because wheat and rice are more important as foods, accounting for around half of all calories consumed. Corn and soybeans are more important as feed grains. The authors note that "we have preferentially focused our crop improvement efforts on feeding animals and cars rather than on crops that feed people and are the basis of food security in much of the world."The report qualifies the more optimistic findings of another new paper which suggests that the world will not have to dig up a lot more land for farming in order to feed 9 billion people in2050, as the Food and Agriculture Organization has argued.Instead, it says,thanks to slowing population growth, land currently ploughed up for crops might be able to revert(回返)to forest or wildemess. This could happen.The trouble is that the forecast assumes continued improvements in yields, which may not actually happen.31. What does the author try to draw attention to?A) Food riots and hunger in the world.B) The decline of the grain yield growth.C) News headlines in the leading media.D) The food supply in populous countries.32.Why does the author mention India and China in particular?A) Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.B) Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years.C) Their big populations are causing world wide concerns.D) Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted.33.What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?A) They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the 1980s.B) They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production.C) They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world.D) They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains.34.What does the Food and Agriculture Organization say about world food production in the coming decades?A) The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies.B) The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution.C) The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be reversed.D) The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland.35. How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organization?A) It is built on the findings of a new study.B) It is based on a doubtful assumption.C) It is backed by strong evidence.D) It is open to further discussion.Passage TwoQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce,compared with 32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people. And they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity(长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work,has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young andthe idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early.Rising life expectancy(预期寿命),combined with there placement of generous defined-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management know how to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.36. What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?A) Younger people are replacing the elderly.B) Well-educated people tend to work longer.C) Unemployment rates are rising year after year.D) People with no college degree do not easily find work.37. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?A) Longer life expectancies.B) A rapid technological advance.C) Profound changes in the workforce.D) A growing number of the well-educated.38. What do many observers predict in vie w of the experience of the 20th century?A) Economic growth will slow down.B) Government budgets will increase.C) More people will try to pursue higher education.D) There will be more competition in the job market.39. What is the result of policy changes in European countries?A) Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.B) More people have to receive in-service training.C) Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.D) People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.40. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?A) Computers will do more complicated work.B) More will be taken by the educated young.C)Most jobs to be done will be creative ones.D) Skills are highly valued regardless of age.Passage ThreeQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Human wants seem endless. When a starving man gets a meal, he begins to think about an overcoat, when an executive gets a new sports car, visions of country clubs and pleasure boats dance into view.The many wants of mankind might be regarded as making up several levels. When there is money enough to satisfy one level of wants, another level appears.The first and most basic level of wants involves food. Once this want is satisfied, a second level of wants appears: clothing and some sort of shelter. By the end of World War II these wants were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses.By 1957 or 1958 this third level of wants was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s a fourth level of wants appeared: the"life-enriching" level. While other levels involve physical satisfaction——the feeding, comfort, safety, and transportation of the human body——this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services, many of whichcould be called "luxury" items. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and entertainment. Also included here are fancy foods and the latest styles in clothing.On the fourth level, a greater percentage of consumer spending goes to services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. Will consumers raise their sights to a fifth level of wants as their income increases,or will they continue to demand luxuries and personal services on the fourth level?A fifth level probably would involve wants that can be achieved best by community action.Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease,ignorance, crime, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.41. According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when .A) he has saved up enough moneyB) he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelterC) He has satisfied his hungerD) He has learned to build houses42. It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of the World War II most Americans .A) were very richB) lived in povertyC) had the good things on the first three levelsD) did not own automobiles43.All of the following EXCEPT are related to "physical satisfactions".A) a successful careerB) a cozy homeD) a family carC) a new house44. All of the following EXCEPT belong to the wants on the fourth level.A) going for holiday tripsB) finding a shelterC) going to a cinemaD) the best medical care45. The author tends to think that a fifth level .A) would be little better than the fourth levelB) may be a lot more desirable than the first fourC) can be the last and most satisfying levelD) will become attainable if the government takes actionsPassage FourQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Technology can make us smarter or stupider, and we need to develop a set of principles to guide our everyday behavior and make sure that tech is improving and not hindering our mental processes. One of the big questions being debated today is: What kind of information do we need to have stored in our heads, and what kind can we leave "in the cloud," to be accessed as necessary?An increasingly powerful group within education are championing "digital literacy". In their view, skills beat, knowledge, developing "digital literacy" is more important than learning mere content, and all facts are now Google-able and therefore unworthy of committing to memory. But even the most sophisticated digital literacy skills won't help students and workers navigate the world if they don't have a broad base of knowledge about how the world actually operates. If you focus on the delivery mechanism and not the content, you're doing kids a disservice.Indeed, evidence from cognitive science challenges the notion that skills can exist independent of factual knowledge. Data from the last thirty years leads to a conclusion that is not scientifically challengeable: thinking well requires knowing facts, and that's true not only because you need something to think about. The very processes that teachers care about most-—critical thinking processes—are intimately intertwined (交织) with factual knowledge that is stored in long-termmemory.In order words, just because you can Google the date of Black Tuesday doesn't mean you understand why the Great Depression happened or how it compares to our recent economic slump. There is no doubt that the students of today, and the workers of tomorrow, will need to innovate, collaborate and evaluate. But such skills can't be separated from the knowledge that gives rise to them. To innovate, you have to know what, came before. To collaborate, you have to contribute knowledge to the joint venture. And to evaluate, you have to compare new information against knowledge you've already mastered.So here's a principle for thinking in a digital world, in two parts. First, acquire a base of factual knowledge in any domain in which you want to perform well. This base supplies the essential foundation for building skills,and it can't be outsourced(外包) to a search engine.Second, take advantage of computers' invariable memory, but also the brain's elaborative memory. Computers are great when you want to store information that shouldn't change. But brains are the superior choice when you want information to change, in interesting and useful ways: to connect up with other facts and ideas, to acquire successive layers of meaning, to steep for a while in your accumulated knowledge and experience and so produce a richer mental brew.46. What is the author's concern about the use of technology?A) It may leave knowledge "in the cloud".B) It may misguide our everyday behavior.C) It may cause a divide in the circles of education.D) It may hinder the development of thinking skills.47. What is the vie w of educators who advocate digital literacy?A) It helps kids to navigate the virtual world at will.B) It helps kids to broaden their scope of knowledge.C) It increase kids' efficiency of acquiring knowledge.D) It liberates kids from the burden of memorizing facts.48. What does evidence from cognitive science show?A) Knowledge is better kept in long-term memory.B) Critical thinking is based on factual knowledge.C) Study skills are essential to knowledge acquisition.D) Critical thinking means challenging existing facts.49. What does the author think is key to making evaluations?A) Gathering enough evidence before drawing conclusions.B) Mastering the basic rules and principles for evaluation.C) Connecting new information with one's accumulated knowledge.D) Understanding both what has happened and why it has happened.50. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A) To warn against learning through memorizing facts.B) To promote educational reform in the information age.C) To explain human brains' function in storing information.D) To challenge the prevailing overemphasis on digital literacy.Part IV Writing (15 points)For this part, you are supposed to write an essay commenting on the argument "It is useless to learn English as a second foreign language since I major in Japanese." Your essay should emphasize the role of learning English as a second foreign language for Japanese language majors. Please write at least 160 words but no more than 200 words. Part V Translation (15 points)Please translate the following paragraph into Chinese.As we enter the 21st century,there is a growing sense of urgency that we need to increase our understanding of people from diverse cultural and ethnic backgrounds. From interpersonal misunderstandings to intercultural conflicts, frictions exist within and between cultures. With rapid changes in global economy, technology, transportation, and immigration policies, the world is becoming a small, intersecting community. We find ourselves in increased contact with people who are culturally different, working side by side with us. From workplace to classroom diversity, different cultural beliefs, values, and communication styles are here to stay. In order to achieve effective intercultural communication, we have to learn to manage differences flexibly and mindfully.。
2012年江苏省法律硕士考研真题及解析考试题库
B、中央人民政府负责管理特别行政区的防务
C、特别行政区享有依法自行处理有关外交事务的权力
D、澳门特别行政区行政长官和检察院检察长由中央人民政府任命
41、下列关于特别行政区制度的表述正确的
A、特别行政区直辖于中央人民政府
B、中央人民政府负责管理特别行政区的防务
28、法律关系客体是指法律关系主体之间的权利、义务或者权利义务指向的对象。下面属于法律关系客体的有
A．物 B．不作为 C．技术秘密 D．肖像
29、对刑法关于撤销假释的规定，正确的
A．只要被假释的犯罪分子在假释考验期内犯新罪，即使假释考验期满后才发现，也应当撤销假释
B．在假释考验期满后，发现被假释的犯罪分子在判决宣告以前还有其他罪没有判决的，不能撤销假释
D.交通肇事后，将被害人转移至隐蔽处，导致其得不到救助而死亡
22、下列各项中，（ ）属于物权的民法保护方法。
A．返还原物 B．排除妨害 C．消除危险 D．恢复原状
23、当代中国时注意法律渊源可以归结为以宪法为核心、以制定法为主的法律渊源。主要包括
A．宪法 法律 B．行政法规 行政规章 C．地方性规定 自治法规 D．判例 习惯
24、下列各项中，（ ）属于物权的民法保护方法。
A．返还原物 B．排除妨害 C．消除危险 D．恢复原状
25、法律的基本特征包括
A．规范性 B． 普遍性 C．程序性 D．可诉性
26、下列各项中能引起诉讼时效中断的
A．向人民法院提起诉讼 B．向仲裁机构申请仲裁
5、关于法律原则和法律规则的正确表述
A．法律规则由于内容明确，它只适用于某一类型的行为或事项
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试答案及解析
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考综合能力试题参考答案及解析一、问题求解1.【答案】C 。
解析：根据售价=定价*折扣，⨯2002%201）（-=128元。
2.【答案】Ａ。
解析：根据三角形相似性质得=，解得a=b+c 。
3.【答案】C 。
解析：底面面积ππ100102=⨯，顶部面积ππ200104212=⨯⨯，侧面积=π×20×20=400π，所以储物罐的造价=400×300π+300×400π=75.36万元。
4.【答案】B 。
解析：因为排成重复的353后一共有513，135，353，535，531，319，6种情况，所以顾客猜中的概率61=。
5.【答案】B 。
解析：两次陈列的商品各不同数，也就是15种商品中选5种的组合数，即：3003515=C 。
6.【答案】E 。
解析：据表可知甲，乙，丙三地区的人数分别为：40，60，50。
所以其平均分别可求得： 甲地区平均分==7.5； 乙地区平均分==7.6； 丙地区平均分==7.7。
所以由高到低排名为丙、乙、甲。
7.【答案】E 。
解析：因为据表中可知一天中午办理安检不超过15的概率为0.1+0.2+0.2=0.5，所求据对立事件与原事件的概率和为1，可知2天中至少有1天中午办理安检手续的乘客人数超过15的概率是概率为1－0.5×0.5=0.75。
8.【答案】A 。
解析62)31(32)31(32313231⨯-⋅⋅⋅-⨯-⨯-M M M M ⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡---=311))31(1(3132316M M 763))31(1(3131M M M =--= 9.【答案】C 。
解析：根据已知，画出图像⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-=-=⨯-⨯-⨯=439492734133662πππ阴影S 。
10.【答案】D 。
解析：设甲组每天植树x 棵，根据已知，列出方程：2（x-4）+3（x+x-4）=100，解得x=15。
2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题及答案
2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题及答案1.选择题（1）以下运动副自由度为一的是 ②①球销副 ②螺旋副 ③圆柱副（2）曲柄摇杆机构摇杆的极限位置是 ①①当曲柄与连杆共线 ②当曲柄与机架共线 ③当连杆与机架共线（3）以下压力角为常量的机构是 ③①铰链四杆机构 ②滚子直动从动件盘形凸轮机构 ③平底摆动从动件盘形凸轮机构（4）凸轮基圆半径变大，则压力角将 ①①减小 ②增大 ③不变（5）以下机构存在柔性冲击的是 ③①等速运动规律 ②摆线运动规律 ③简谐运动规律④五次多项式运动规律（6）正常齿制标准直齿圆柱齿轮的齿距P=18.84mm ，齿顶圆直径300mm ，则该 齿轮的齿数为 ③①52 ②50 ③48 ④46（7）齿数42=z ，压力角 20=a 的渐开线标准直齿外齿轮，其齿根圆 ① 基圆 ①大于 ②等于 ③小于 ④小于且等于（8）对斜齿圆柱齿轮，螺旋角越小 ③①传动平稳性越好，轴向分力越小 ②传动平稳性越好，轴向分力越大③传动平稳性越差，轴向分力越小 ④传动平稳性越差，轴向分力越大（9）平键联接强度不足,需采用两个平键时,它们应沿圆周相隔 ④ ，半圆键 联接强度不足,需采用两个半圆键时,应沿圆周相隔 ①①0o (在轴的同一母线上) ②90o ③120o ④180o（10）对齿面硬度HB ≤350的闭式钢制齿轮传动的主要失效形式是 ② ，开式 齿轮传动的主要失效形式是 ④①轮齿折断 ②齿面点蚀 ③齿面胶合 ④齿面磨损（11）不利于避免螺纹联接松动的是 ④①加弹簧垫圈 ②用对顶螺母 ③用止动垫片 ④增大螺纹升角（12）平键标记：键7016⨯B 791069-GB 中，B 表示 ③ 平键，7016⨯表示 ⑥ ①圆头 ②单圆头 ③方头 ④键宽⨯键径 ⑤键高⨯轴径 ⑥键宽⨯键长 ⑦键高⨯键长（13）带传动的中心距和小带轮直径不变，减小传动比，大带轮包角 ②①减小 ②增大 ③不变（14）带传动时，小轮主动，应力最大处发生在 ①①小带轮与紧边处 ②大带轮与紧边处 ③小带轮与松边处 ④大带轮与松边处（15）链条节数宜采用 ②①奇数 ②偶数 ③5的倍数 ④10的倍数（16）在实际应用中应成对使用联轴器是 ③①套筒联轴器 ②凸缘联轴器 ③万向联轴器 ④齿轮联轴器（17）在非液体摩擦滑动轴承中，限制压强P 的目的是 ①①防止轴承材料过度摩损 ②防止轴承材料发生塑性变形③防止轴承材料因压力过大而过度发热④防止出现过大的摩擦阻力矩（18）齿轮传动中,轮齿的齿面点蚀损坏,通常首先出现在 ③①接近齿顶处 ②接近齿根处 ③节线附近的齿根部分④节线附近的齿顶部分（19）滚动轴承的额定动载荷是指 ③①该轴承使用寿命为610转时，所能承受的载荷②该轴承平均寿命为610转时，所能承受的载荷③该轴承额定寿命为610转时，所能承受的载荷（20）在非液体摩擦滑动轴承中，限制pv 值的主要目的是防止轴承 ①①过度发热而发生胶合 ②过度磨损 ③产生塑性变形 ④产生咬死2.填空题（1）从设计的角度分，连杆机构可划分为刚体导引机构、函数机构和轨迹机构 。
2012年苏州大学研究生入学考试B纺织材料学
2012年苏州大学研究生入学考试B纺织材料学2012年苏州大学研究生入学考试纺织材料学（B卷）一.基本概念01.短纤纱将许多短纤维加以集束后形成的细长物体，即单纱02.花式纱有各种花饰效应的纱或捻线03.复合纤维两种或以上的高聚物或性能不同的同种聚合物通过一个喷丝孔纺成的纤维04.网络丝丝束在垂直气流撞击下分散成单丝，按一定间距交缠，形成05.传热系数当纤维材料的厚度为1m且两侧表面之间的温度差为1度时，1小时从1平方米的纤维面积通过的热量06.公支公定回潮率条件下纤维质量1g时的长度米数07.透湿性湿汽透过织物的性能，即透汽性或透湿汽性08.双边结构在通常湿热情况下，羊毛皮质层正皮质位于卷曲波形外侧，副皮质位于内侧09.透气性气体分子透过织物的性能10.急弹性变形源自纤维大分子中键角，键长的变化，即时发生即时恢复的形变二.简答题1.试述羊毛纤维的基本化学组成和结构特点,羊毛纤维的主要性能有哪些?羊绒和羊毛相比有哪些优势?羊毛纤维的化学构成为髙硫角蛋白和低硫角蛋白，为典型a螺旋角蛋白分子，其纤维纵向有较密鳞片，截面为椭圆形。
由外到内分为鳞片，皮质，髓质层。
纤维强度低，弹性大，伸长率大，初始模量低，易变性不易起皱，耐用性高。
耐酸不耐碱，具有较好的吸湿性，易染色，有缩绒性（毡化性）。
羊绒无髓质，有比羊毛更好的弹性，手感柔软滑糯。
比羊毛更细。
（缺：纯纺难度高，易起球毡缩）2.试论述影响纤维拉伸力学性能的因素及其评价指标,并做简要分析.内部结构：纤维大分子聚合度，取向度，结晶度。
1.聚合度:纤维拉伸强度随聚合度增加而增加，直到聚合度达到一定值.2.取向度:随取向度增加（分子链张力在轴向有效分力增加）而增加.3.结晶度:随结晶度增加（排列规则，分子间结合力强）而增加。
4实验条件：温度、湿度、式样长度、式样根数、拉伸速度：温或湿增加，强度伸长率，初始模量降低,长度越长，平均强力降低，根数增大，其平均强力降低，速度增加，强力增大。
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机密★启用前
江苏大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题
科目代码：805 科目名称：机械设计
考生注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷、草稿纸上无效! 需用计算器
一．填空题（1分×10＝10分）
1．齿轮传动设计时，硬齿面闭式传动通常先按设计公式确定齿轮参数，然后验算轮齿面接触疲劳强度。
2．有一普通圆柱蜗杆传动，已知蜗杆头数Z1＝1，蜗杆轮齿螺旋线方向为右旋，其分度圆柱上导程角g＝5042＇38＇＇，蜗轮齿数Z2＝45，模数m t＝8mm，压力角a t＝200，传动中心距a＝220mm，蜗杆直径系数q= ，蜗轮螺旋角b＝。
3．带传动设计中，应使小带轮直径d≥d min，这是因为。
4．滑动轴承的承载量系数C p将随着偏心率χ的增大而，最小油膜厚度h min将随着偏心率χ的增大而。
5．链轮的转速越高，节距p ，齿数越少，则链传动的动载荷就越大。
6．如需在同一轴段安装一对半圆键时，应将它们布置在。
7．角接触球轴承承受轴向载荷的能力取决于。
8．单向规律性不稳定变应力的疲劳强度计算是根据________________进行计算的。
二．选择题（2分×15＝30分）
1．在直齿圆柱齿轮设计中，若中心距保持不变，而将模数m增大，则可以。
A．提高齿面接触强度 B．提高轮齿的弯曲强度
C．弯曲与接触强度均可提高 D．弯曲与接触强度均不变
2．在润滑良好的条件下，为提高蜗杆传动的啮合效率，可采用的方法为。
A．减小齿面滑动速度υs B. 减少蜗杆头数Z1
C．增加蜗杆头数Z1 D. 增大蜗杆直径系数q
3．套筒滚子链传动中，大链轮的齿数Z2不能过大，若过大则会造成。
A．链传动的动载荷增大B．传递的功率减小
C．容易发生“脱链”、“跳齿”现象D．链条上应力的循环次数增加
4．在滑动轴承材料中，通常只用作双金属轴瓦的表层材料的是 。
A ．铸铁
B ．巴氏合金
C ．铸造锡磷青铜
D ．铸造黄铜
5. 对不完全液体润滑滑动轴承，验算压强 p ≤[p]的目的是控制滑动轴承产生 。
A ．过度磨损
B ．点蚀
C ．胶合
D ．压溃
6．某滚动轴承支承应用于温度较高，跨距较大的场合，该轴系结构应该是 。
A ．一支点双向固定，另一端支点游动
B ．双支点各单向固定
C. 两端游动支承
D.浮动支承
7．在蜗杆传动中，对于滑动速度v>4m/s 的重要传动，蜗轮齿圈的材料常用 。
A ．HT200 Ｂ．ＺCuSn10P1
C ．45号钢调质 Ｄ．18CrMnTi 渗碳淬火
8．已知某轴上的最大弯矩Ｍ=200N ·m ，扭矩T=150N ·m ，该轴为频繁双向运转启动，则计算该轴弯矩(当量弯矩)Mca 约为 N ·m 。
A.350
B.219 C ．250 D ．205
9．某零件的σs ＝500MPa ，σ-1＝220MPa ，工作应力σm ＝300MPa ，σa ＝100MPa ，应力满足r=c 变化，工作点位于塑性安全区，则该零件的安全系数S 为 。
A ．1.78
B ．5.0
C ．1.25
D ．1.67
10．两圆柱体沿母线相压，载荷为Ｆ时，最大接触应力为H s ，若载荷增大到2F 时，最大接触应力变为 。
Ａ．1.26H s Ｂ．1.41H s
Ｃ．1.59H s Ｄ．2H s
11．点、线接触的零件在变应力作用下最常见的失效形式为 。
A ．磨粒磨损
B ．表面压溃
C ．疲劳点蚀
D ．塑性变形
12．通常钢轴存在一个危险的共振区，为避免轴在共振区工作，可以采用下列哪种措施 。
A ．改用强度更高的材料
B ．采用表面硬化处
C ．整体淬火
D ．改变轴的直径
四．如图所示为二级斜齿圆柱齿轮减速器和一对开式锥齿轮所组成的传动系统，已知动力由轴I 输入，转动方向如图示，试(在答题纸上重新画图解答)：（15分）
(1)为使轴II和轴III的轴向力尽可能小，试合理确定减速器中各斜齿轮1、2、3、4的轮齿旋向；
(2)标出各传动件的回转方向；
(3)分析出各对齿轮在啮合处的受力情况，画出F t、F a和F r的方向。
五．某B型号普通v带传动，已知主动带轮基准直径D1=180mm，从动带轮基准直径D2=630mm，传动中心距a=1600mm，主动轮转速n=1450r/min，装置采用带的根数Z=4，V带与带轮表面当量摩擦系数f v=0.4，V带的弹性模量E=200MPa，当传递的最大功率P=41.5KW时：
（1）计算临界状态时，单根带工作时紧边拉力F1、松边拉力F2、带传动的有效拉力F ec；
（2）定性画出各应力沿带长方向的分布图；(在答题纸上重画)
（3) 分析V带的最大应力σmax的位置。
（4）验算带传动的包角α。
（注：e=2.718 ,B型V带截面尺寸参数：截面积A=143mm2，顶宽b=17mm，节宽b p=14.0mm，
高度h=11.0mm，V型楔角φ=400。
V带轮槽角θ=380，单位长度质量q=0.18kg/mm。
）（15分）
和一斜齿圆柱齿轮3。
轮2是从动轮，点)。
在A 、B 两处各用一个角接触图所示。
设齿轮各分力的大小为：圆轴向力F a2＝700N ，F a3＝1000N 。
(20的支承反力；
11000h ，试计算二轴承寿命是否
35.2kN ，024.5N r C k =）
e F F r a > 判别系数 e Y X Y 0 0.41 0.87 0.68
八．指出图中轴系结构的8处错误，并简要说明其不合理的原因。
（注：不考虑轴承的润滑方式，倒角和圆角忽略不计。
）（在答题纸上画出对应的正确的结构图，并用序号表示出改正之处，说明需要改正的理由。
）(15分)。