2014年湖北华中师范大学中国语言文学基础考研真题(Word版)
华中师范大学语言学历年考研试题
华中师范大学语言学历年考研试题目录华中师范大学语言学历年考研试题 (1)华中师范大学2003年研究生入学考试试题 (1)华中师范大学2004年语言学真题 (2)华中师范大学2004年研究生入学考试试题 (4)华中师范大学2005年语言学真题 (5)华中师范大学2005年研究生入学考试试题 (7)华中师范大学2006年研究生入学考试试题 (8)华中师范大学2006年研究生入学考试试题 (10)华中师范大学2007年研究生入学考试试题 (11)华中师范大学2007年研究生入学考试试题 (12)华中师范大学2008年研究生入学考试试题 (14)华中师范大学2009年研究生入学考试试题 (17)华中师范大学2010年研究生入学考试试题 (19)华中师范大学2011年研究生入学考试试题 (22)2012年华中师范大学文学院大综合真题试卷 (24)2013年华中师范大学考研真题 (27)2014年考研华中师范大学文学院真题 (28)2014年考研华中师范大学语言所真题 (30)华中师范大学2003年研究生入学考试试题一、填空（30分）1、语言主要属性包括---------性、---------性、---------性和---------性。
2、语言学的研究可以分为三类：---------、---------和---------。
3、非音质音位是以---------、---------、---------为语音形式的音位。
4、“语用学”这一术语是由美国哲学家---------提出来的；语言行为理论是由英国哲学家---------提出来的；合作原则是由美国哲学家---------提出来的。
5、语言发展的原因可以从---------、---------和---------三个方面来考察。
6、本世纪30年代，在欧洲的丹麦形成了以---------为代表的学派。
他们试图建立一门新型的语言学：---------。
7、语汇系统包括三种不同层级的语汇单位：---------、---------和---------。
华中师范大学大一汉语言文学专业试卷
华中师范大学大一汉语言文学专业试卷一、单项选择题：本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分。
在每小题列出的备选项中只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将其选出。
1.下列句中，加着重号的词意义解释正确的一句是（）A.小人懷璧，不可以越．鄉。
（越：超越）B.大道之行也，天下為公，選賢與．能，講信修睦。
（與：推举）C.舉儉力孝弟，罰偷窺，而惰民惡之；決獄．不避，貴強惡之。
（獄：监狱）D.好仁者，無以尚．之。
（尚：时尚）2.下列句中，画线部分省略主语的一句是（）A.初，鄭武公娶於申，曰武姜。
生莊公及共叔段。
B.人皆有兄弟，我獨無。
C.豎子不足與謀！D.子常奔鄭，昭王奔隨。
3.下列各组字，属于变换构字成分而形成异体字的一组是（）A.碾——服B.雕——彤C.猿——猥D.雅——裸4.下列各组字，全部是象形字的一组是（）A.亦血高B.朱刃息C.果弓又D.上月矢5.下列句中，加着重号的词语意义解释正确的一句是（）A.河内凶．，則移其民於河東。
（凶恶）B.慎思之，明辨之，篤．行之。
（专一）C.男有分，女有歸．。
（返回）D.稱．解狐，其雠也。
（赞扬）6.以下对汉字结构的分析完全正确的一项是（）A.捨，从手而舍，会意B.餓，从我从食，会意。
C.產，从生，产声，形声。
D.吹，从口从欠，会意。
7.下列句中，加着重号的词古今词义不同的一句是（）A.丈夫亦憐．愛其少子乎?B.文起八代之衰，而道濟．天下之溺。
C.察．鄰國之政，無如寡人之用心者。
D.尤而效．之，罪又甚焉。
8.下列句中，括号中的词古今意义变化属于广度宽窄差异的一句是（）A.舉世而譽之而不加（勸）。
B.以爾車來，以我（賄）遷。
C.子爲父死亡所（恨）。
D.同心之言，其（臭）如蘭。
9.在“先生之風，山高水長”句中，“山”、“水”充当的语法成分是（）A.作主语B.在主谓谓语中作小主语C.作状语D.作定语10.下列句子含有数词作谓语的是（）A.范增數目項王，舉所佩玉玦以示之者三。
B.吾日三省吾身。
华中师范大学学科语文历年真题.1doc
华中师范⼤学学科语⽂历年真题.1doc华中师范⼤学学科语⽂历年真题.1doc华中师范⼤学2019年⽂学院硕⼠研究⽣招⽣专业⽬录联系电话：027-******** 传真：027-******** 邮政编码：430079 地址：⼆号教学楼招⽣⼈数：学术型历年真题如下：2019年⽂学类⼤综合题⽬名词解释普通话词类活⽤形声字古诗⼗九⾸性灵派问题⼩说简答什么是轻声? 轻声的作⽤？七个字的古今义⽡，⾍，谤，遭，诛，暂，（还有个想不起来了）韩孟诗派诗歌理论的主张孙犁⼩说的艺术特点印度史诗《摩柯婆罗多》艺术特点？三论述《三国演义》当中曹操奸雄的性格特征，试分析九⼗年代以来新⼥性⼩说特点。
和你的观点劳伦斯《虹》的思想特征⽂学理论和语⾔理论⼀名词解释六个：（少⼀个）⽂化意义语法范畴创作动机象征意境简答组合关系和聚合关系什么是？举例说明⾮⾳质⾳位是什么？举例说明合作原则的内容。
⼩说叙事与叙事散⽂的叙事有什么区别？⽂学形象的艺术特点？辨析浪漫主义的抒情主要与诗歌这种题材有关。
对么、论述⽂学虚构与⽂学的真实性之间⽭盾钱钟书说，中国古代⽂学当中好诗常常是在受到苦难和摧残的时候做成的。
2019年教育学部分：⼀、名词解释：美育、因材施教⼆、简答：1、简要回答全⾯发展教育的组成部分及其各⾃的地位作⽤？2、简要回答影响⼈⾝⼼发展的因素及其各⾃的地位作⽤？ 3、简要回答教育的本体功能？三、论述：1、结合我国今年来对应试教育和素质教育的讨论，谈谈你对素质教育的认识和理解？教育⼼理学部分：⼀、简答：1、简要介绍⼏种主要的动机理论？⼆、论述：1、什么是创造性？如何对学⽣的创造性进⾏培养？中国教育史部分：⼀、名词解释：《论语》、蔡元培⼆、试分析论述陶⾏知的⽣活教育思想及其当代价值？外国教育史部分：⼀、名词解释：《理想国》、终⾝教育⼆、评述20世纪60年代美国的课程改⾰？2019年教育学部分：⼀、简答：1、简要回答教育过程应处理好的集中关系？2、简要回答我国教育⽬的的基本精神？⼆、论述：1、论影响⼈⾝⼼发展的因素及其各⾃作⽤？2、列出我国基础教育中存在的主要问题两例，并就其中⼀例作出深⼊剖析。
(完整word版)汉硕 真题
专业课一：汉语基础I。
现代汉语部分一、填空（10分)1. 联合国目前共有六种法定的工作语言，除汉语外，还有英语、_____、_____、西班牙语、阿拉伯语。
2。
现代汉语方言中,湘方言称湖南话,以_____为代表；吴方言也称江南话或江浙话，以_____为代表。
3。
同一个语言系统中，能够区别意义的最小单位是_____。
4。
“找不找”中的“不”的实际读音应该是_____。
5。
“葫芦"是_____连绵字.6。
_____和虚词是现代汉语中的两种主要的语法手段.7。
“彻底解决”是_____词。
8。
“红领巾们都来了”用的是_____修辞格.二、判断（10分）1.最高、不圆唇元音是[i]。
2。
声调同声母、韵母一样,有区别意义的作用。
3.“凹"和“凸”两个字的笔画数都是六笔。
4。
汉字字形的最小单位是部首。
5。
合成词都是有两个语素构成的。
6。
“雄性"是词根加词缀构成的。
7.连词是指在词语之间起连接作用的虚词。
8.对话中的祈使句如“别抽烟"属非主谓句.9。
“我们比比看”中“比"是介词。
10。
“生当做人杰，死亦为鬼雄”用了对偶修辞中的“正对”。
三、单项选择（10分）1。
汉语方言之间的差异，突出表现在_____A。
语音方面B。
词汇 C.语法D。
词汇和语法2。
“木材”的正确读音是_____A。
mucai（四声,二声）B。
muchai（四声，二声）C。
mucai（一声，二声）D。
muchai（四声，二声）3.从汉字的造字法来看，“燕、禾、门”三个字都是_____A.指事字B。
象形字C。
会意字D。
形声字4。
“年轻”的构词方式属于合成词中的_____A.补充式B。
陈述式 C.支配式D。
联合式5。
下列词语属于同义词的一组是_____A。
作家——--诗人 B.维他命——--维生素C。
制服——-—军装 D.文人——--文豪6。
下列各句中含有副词的是_____A.事情突然变化B。
他上午来过C。
华中师范大学2000到2011年语言所考研真题
华中师范大学二〇〇〇年研究生入学考试试题专业：语言类各专业科目:古代汉语方向：语言类各专业方向注意：1、第一大题为所有考生必做题。
2、第二大题为汉语史方向考生必做题。
3、第三大题为其他各方向考生必做题。
一、语言专业各方向考生必做题。
（一）解释下列成语或古诗文中加着重号的词语或词组的意义或用法（20分）1．言简意赅赴汤蹈火感激涕零动而见尤池塘生春草云半偏新睡觉颜色憔悴未尝不汉息痛恨于桓灵也（8分）2．星罗棋布车载斗量打草惊蛇日积月累昭王南征而不复，寡人是问先君之好是继（12分）（二）简答题（24分）1．《说文解字》是一部分什么书？有何学术价值？清代研究《说文》最著名听是哪四个人？各自代表是什么？（14分）2．什么是词义的扩大、缩小、转移？请举例说明（10分）（三）将下面一段文字译成现代汉语。
（16分）孟子日：“今有无名之指，屈而不信，非疾痛害事也。
如有能信之者，则不秦楚之路，为指之不若人也。
指不若人，则知恶之：心不若人，则不知恶，此之谓不知类也。
”二、汉语史方向考生必做题。
(40分)(一) 中国音四声和现代汉语普遍话四声在调类方面有何异同？(12分)(二) 本议和引申义之间的意义关系有哪几种类型？(15分)(三) 解释下列的固定格式。
(13分)1．“如……何“例：以君之力，曾不能损魁父之丘，如太形王屋何？（《列子·汤问》）2．“……孰与……”例：吾孰与城北徐公美？(战国策·齐策一)3．“无乃……与”例：孔子曰：“求!，无乃尔是过与？”(论语·委氏)三、非衙史方向考生必做题(40分)(一) 联系汉语史，谈谈“繁荣市场”、“丰富生活”之类动宾结构的特点。
(15分)(二) “张”字的声母，现代有些方言中读为d，请联系汉语语音史对此类现象试作阐释。
(13分)(三) 解释下列句子中的“之”字的意义和用法(12分)1．不虞君之涉吾地也。
2．姜氏欲之，焉辟害？3．其是之谓乎？4．邑丈人有之市而醉归者。
华中师范大学中国古代文学专业真题(710)
华中师范大学中国语言文学基础（710）真题2018年华中师大710中国语言文学基础真题一名词解释1单纯词 2形声字 3互文见义 4赋比兴 5元杂剧 6人的文学二简答题1什么是兼语句？兼语句主要有哪几种类型。
2“汤”，“菜”，“丈人”，“涕”，“遭”几个词的古今意义是什么，有何区别？3庾信诗歌的特点。
4结合《呐喊》和《彷徨》谈一谈鲁迅小说的启蒙倾向。
5 简述古希腊悲剧《俄狄浦斯王》的艺术特色三论述题1 结合具体作品，评价白居易政治讽喻诗的优缺点。
2以《平凡的世界》和《秦腔》为例，简论当代改革小说的变迁。
3简论《红与黑》中的于连是一个怎么样的典型。
2017年华中师大710中国语言文学基础真题一名词解释1词类活用 2异体字 3语音4古文运动5《左传》 6社会剖析小说二简答题1古今词义异同2什么是句子?句子结构分类有哪些？3简析新月派前后期的艺术变化4如何理解《聊斋志异》“以传奇法而志怪”？5简析《双城记》的艺术特征。
三论述题1论述《水浒传》忠义观的表现。
2结合作品，论述莫言和贾平凹小说的异同。
3；论述霍桑《红字A》两位主人公形象和红字A的多重象征意义。
2016年华中师大710中国语言文学基础真题一名词解释1塞擦音 2六书 3平水韵 4《毛诗序》 5唐传奇 6百花文学二简答题1《茶馆》的“图卷式”创新形式。
（15分）2单纯词与合成词。
（15分）3魔幻现实主义的特征(10分)4谢灵运山水诗的特征（10分）三论述题（20分*3）1屈原在中国文学史上的地位。
2徐志摩诗歌的“性灵”特征。
3《哈姆莱特》的艺术成就。
2015年华中师大710中国语言文学基础真题一名词解释（5分×6）1调值 2会意字 3反切法 4花间词派 5南戏 6审美“日常生活化”二简答题1什么是方言？方言有哪些类型？（15分）2举例说明普通名词作状语的作用。
（15分）3汉赋产生的渊源以及兴盛的原因？（10分）4以“三红一创”为例，谈谈你对红色经典的认识。
2014年高考真题精校精析纯word可编辑·2014高考真题解析 语文湖北a卷
2014·湖北A卷(课标语文)一、语文基础知识(共15分，共5小题，每小题3分)1．[2014·湖北卷] 下列各组词语中，加点字的注音全都正确的一组是()A．笑靥．(yè)盥．(ɡuàn)洗粗犷．(guǎng) 蓦．(mù)然回首B．书箧．(qiè) 装帧．(zhēn)碑帖．(tiè) 博闻强识．(zhì)C．敷．(fū)粉脂．(zhǐ)肪烙．(lào)印刀耕火种．(zhòng)D．采撷．(jié) 竹笋．(sǔn)咋．(zé)舌拈．(niān)轻怕重1．B[解析] 本题考查识记现代汉语普通话常用字的字音。
A. 蓦(mò)然回首；C. 脂(zhī)肪；D. 采撷(xié)。
2．[2014·湖北卷] 下列各组词语中，没有错别字的一组是()A．俸禄切蹉投桃报李一笑泯恩仇B．发轫枢纽并行不悖久旱逢甘霖C．花哨原委如雷贯耳时事造英雄D．调剂伸张促不及防真人不露相2．B[解析] 此题考查识记并正确书写现代常用规范汉字。
A. 切磋；C. 时势造英雄；D. 猝不及防。
3．[2014·湖北卷] 依次填入下列横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是()①湖北的国画创作受浪漫瑰丽的荆楚文化的______，源远流长，底蕴丰厚。
当今的湖北画家既尊崇传统，又勇于创新，风格________，为中国美术事业作出了突出的贡献。
②无论脚步走多远，在人的脑海中，只有故乡的味道，熟悉而又________，它就像一个味觉定位系统，一头________了千里之外的异地，另一头则永远牵系着记忆深处的故乡。
A．滋润绚丽多彩顽固框定B. 滋养绚丽多彩稳固锁定C. 滋润多姿多彩稳固框定D. 滋养多姿多彩顽固锁定3．D[解析] 此题考查正确使用词语，特别是近义词语。
“滋润”指增添水分，使不干枯；含水分多，不干燥；舒服。
华中师范大学(汉语基础)考研真题2013年_真题-无答案
华中师范大学(汉语基础)考研真题2013年(总分140,考试时间90分钟)一、填空题1. 语言是人类最重要的交际工具和______工具。
2. 语言是______的产物。
3. ______是书面语的源泉，对书面语的发展起着决定性作用。
4. 语言的发展具有渐变性和______性。
5. 现代汉民族共同语以______为标准音。
6. 汉语的音节中______音占优势。
7. 单句的结构类型可分为主谓句和______。
8. 现代汉语缺乏严格意义的形态变化，以语序和______为主要的语法手段。
9. 现代汉语构词主要采用______法。
10. 元音i的发音特征是______。
11. 普通话有______个韵母。
12. 韵母内部分为韵头、______和韵尾。
13. 语体首先可以分为______语体和书面语体。
14. 交际原则最重要的是______原则和礼貌原则。
15. 《汉语拼音方案》包括字母表、声母表、韵母表、声调符号和______五个部分。
16. 声母的j国际音标是______。
17. 停顿可分为______停顿和逻辑停顿两种。
18. 汉语方言的差异突出表现在______方面。
19. ______是语音的最基本属性。
20. 普通话辅音声母属于边音的是______。
21. 普通话中辅音______一般不作声母，只做韵尾。
22. 音节kun有______个元音。
23. 普通话上声的调值是______。
24. 普通话同四呼韵母都能配合的声母有______。
25. “书本”是______式复合词。
26. ______是指语音形式完全相同而意义没有联系的一组词。
27. 新词创生的方式主要表现在新造和______两个方面。
28. 数词可以分为基数词和______。
29. 现代汉语里典型的动态助词有______。
30. “他们夫妻”是______短语。
二、判断题1. 古代汉语双音节词占优势。
A. 正确B. 错误2. 古今汉语词缀都比较缺乏，但现代汉语的构词词缀有所增加。
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(湖北卷)语文(纯Word版高清含答案)
绝密★启用前2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）语文试题注意事项： 注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名和考生号、试室号、 座位号填写在答题卡上．用2B 铅笔将试卷类型（A ）填涂在答题卡相应位置上． 2．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂 黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上．3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使 用铅笔和涂改液．不按以上要求作答的答案无效．4．作答选做题时，请先用2B 铅笔填涂选做题的题号对应的信息点，再作答．漏涂、 错涂、多涂的，答案无效．5．考生必须保持答题卡的整洁．考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回．一、选择题：本题共35小题，每小题4分，共140分。
每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目要求。
一、语文基础知识 （共15分，共5小题，每小题3分） 1.下列各组词语中，加点字的注音全都正确的一组是A. 笑靥（yè） 盥（guán ）洗 粗犷（gu ǎng ） 暮（m ǜ）然回首B. 书箧（qiè） 装帧（zhēn ） 碑帖（tiè） 博闻强识（zhì）C. 敷（fú）粉 脂（zhi ）肪 烙（lào ）印 刀耕火种（zhòng ）D. 采撷（jié） 竹笋（s ǔn ） 咋（zé）舌 拈（niān ）轻怕重 2．下列各组词语中，没有错别字的一组是A ．俸禄 切磋 投桃报李 一笑泯恩仇B ．发轫 枢纽 并行不悖 久旱逢甘霖C ．花哨 原委 如雷贯耳 时事造英雄D ．调剂 伸张 促不及防 真人不露相 3. 依次填入下列横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是 ①湖北的国画创作受浪漫瑰丽的荆楚文化的 ，源远流长，底蕴丰厚。
2014年华中师范大学826语言文学综合考试考研试题
现பைடு நூலகம்汉语 一、名词解释
1.合作原则 2.同性异类 3.语言
二、简答题 1.同义词的辨析 2.主谓谓语句的类型 3.影响话语交际的因素
三、分析短语的结构 马上走（） 分析多重复句
古史 一、名词解释
1.《史记》五体 2.元杂剧 3.边塞诗派
二、简答题 1.《窦娥冤》的艺术成就 2.《左传》的叙事艺术 3.杜牧诗歌的艺术成就
三、诗歌鉴赏：杜牧的一首诗
四、论述题 《红楼梦》的人物塑造艺术
您所下载的资料来源于 获取更多考研资料，请访问
考研资料下载中心
华中师范大学汉语言文字学试题集及2001到2003年语言类考研初试真题
汉语言文字学试题集一、填空（每空分。
共分）、《论语》第一篇是《》，今见《孟子》最早注本为东汉注。
《诗经．关雎》最后一句是。
《左传．隐公元年》：“若阙地及泉，，其谁曰不然？”《礼记．礼运》：“大道之行也，与三代之英，，而有志焉。
”《离骚》：“纷吾既有兮，又重之以修能。
”“绝圣弃知，大盗乃止。
”语出《》篇。
、今字“婚”的古字是。
“头发”的“发”字的繁体字是。
“勝”字的声符是。
查《康熙字典》“鄙”字在部。
、《词诠》为近人所著，周德清《中原音韵》分曲韵为部。
陆发言著《》分诗韵为韵。
、现代汉语的两个元音韵尾是、。
“除”韵的字母是舌尖后、送气、清、音。
“居”的韵母是舌面、、、元音。
“共”的韵母属于呼。
“小雨”连续时，“小”的实际调值是.、从短语的结构类型看，“绕道走”属于短语。
“书本”一词属于复合式的型。
修辞格的通感也叫觉。
、王力分先秦古韵为部，与“缉部”相配的阳声韵是部。
个字母的牙音。
“今”属辙的辙。
二、解释名词术语（每题分，共分）、籀文、犯孤平、惯用语（举例）、施事宾语（举例）、之为言（举例）三、回答问题（每题分，共分）、举例说明动词和形容词相区别的语法特征。
、把字句和被字句的构成和应用有哪些条件？、根据王力《古代汉语》语法体系语气词有哪些？请各举一例说明。
语言学概论一、填空题（每空分，共分）、口腔、鼻腔、腔是人类发音的共鸣腔。
、瑞士语言学家绪尔在他的名著《》中提出“语言是一个符号系统”的理论在主张。
、在世界各大语系中，使用人数最多的两个语系是语系和语系。
、共鸣腔有多种形式，被特别强化的陪因在语音分析中叫，用等等表示。
、性、数、格是词和词所具有的语法范畴。
、任何符号都是形式和内容的统一体，语言符号的形式是语音，而是它的内容。
、以结尾的音节叫做闭音节。
二、名词解释（每题分，共分）、组合关系、音位的区别特征、外来词、语素、语法意义、音素文字、社会方言、自由变体、词缀、孤立语三、论述分析题（每题分，共分）、简述语言的层级体系。
2014年高考湖北语文试题无错详解word版
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（湖北卷）语文试题详解一、语文基础知识（共15分，共5小题，每小题3分）1.下列各组词语中，加点字的读音全都正确的一组是（）A.笑靥．（yè）盥．（guàn）洗粗犷．（guǎng）暮（mǜ）然回首B.书箧．（qiè）装帧．（zhēn）碑帖．（tiè）博闻强识．（zhì）C.敷．（fú）粉脂．（zhǐ）肪烙．（lào）印刀耕火种．（zhòng）D.采撷．（jié）竹笋．（sǔn）咋．（zé）舌拈．（niān）轻怕重答案：B解析：【考查能力】识记,A【思路方法】1、审题：第一：看清考点：字音题；第二：是选全都正确的一组；2、具体步骤：①逐项分析；②排除法和确定法【易错点】A．蓦（mò）然回首；C．脂（zhī）肪；D．采撷（xié）。
【得分点】B，3分2.下列各组词语中，没有错别字的一组是（）俸禄切蹉投桃报李一笑泯恩仇发轫枢纽并行不悖久旱逢甘霖花哨原委如雷贯耳时事造英雄调剂伸张促不及防真人不露相答案：B解析：【考查能力】识记,A【思路方法】1、审题：第一：看清考点：字形题；第二：是选没有错别字的一组；2、具体步骤：①逐项分析；②排除法和确定法。
【易错点】A．切磋；C．时势造英雄；D．猝不及防。
注意同音字的辨析方法——因义辨形。
【得分点】B，3分3.依次填入下列横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是（）1.湖北的国画创作受浪漫瑰丽的荆楚文化的，源远流长，底蕴丰厚，当今的湖北画家既尊崇传统，又勇于创新，风格，为中国美术事业做出了突出的贡献。
2.无论脚步走多远，在人的脑海中只有故乡的味道，熟悉而又，它就像一个味觉定位系统，一头了千里之外的异地，另一头则永远牵系着记忆深处的家乡。
A.滋润绚丽多彩顽固框定B.滋养绚丽多彩稳固锁定C.滋润多姿多彩稳固框定D.滋养多姿多彩顽固锁定答案：D解析：【考查能力】表达应用,E【思路方法】1、审题：第一：看清考点：词语运用题；第二：是选最恰当的一组；2、具体步骤：①根据语境逐项搭配分析；②注意适用范围（语境），感情与文体色彩，语法结构的不同；③排除法和确定法。
最新华中师范大学文学考研真题
2016年华中师范大学文学考研真题专业一：中国语言文学基础（2015年12月26日）一、名词解释（5′×6）塞擦音、六书、平水韵、《毛诗序》、唐传奇、百花文学二、简答题1、《茶馆》的“图卷式”创新形式。
（15′）2、单纯词与合成词。
（15′）3、使动用法和意动用法及其区别。
（10′）4、魔幻现实主义的特征。
（10′）5、谢灵运山水诗的特征。
（10′）三、论述题（20′×3）1、屈原在中国文学史上的地位。
2、徐志摩诗歌的“性灵”特征。
3、《哈姆莱特》的艺术成就。
专业二：语言理论与文学理论（2015年12月27日）一、名词解释（5′×6）1、自然语言与人工语言。
2、音质音位与非音质音位。
3、意音文字与表音文字。
4、文学性。
5、移情式阅读。
6、母题。
二、简答题1、为什么语言的交际功能是语言最基本的功能？（10′）2、词语借用有哪些方式？（10′）3、文化的性质和类型？（15′）4、审美情感的对文学创作的作用。
（15′）5、形象和意象的区别。
（15′）6、洪堡特说:“人从自身创造语言，又被语言说束缚”，请问你如何理解这句话？（15′）三、辨析题（10′×2）1、对艾布拉姆斯说的一句话进行辨析。
2、形式主义的特点和对它的评价。
四、论述题（20′×2）1、西方文论强调:“一千个读者，有一千个哈姆雷特”，而中国文论强调“知音”。
请您谈谈这个两种文学接受理论，并谈谈各自的合理性，结合你自己的接受体验谈谈文学接受。
2、数字媒体对文学生产和传播带来很大影响，请你谈谈看法。
2014-2016年华中师范大学《354汉语基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题汇编(含部分答案)
![2014-2016年华中师范大学《354汉语基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题汇编(含部分答案)](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/37f6843ff61fb7360b4c65f9.png)
7．普通话的音变现象主要有 等。
、 、 、增音、减音、轻声
【答案】同化；异化；脱落
【解析】普通话存在音变现象，常见的有：①同化是指一个音位影响另 外一个音位，使它变成跟自己相同或相近的音位。如汉语普通话
三、分析句子成分。 1．昨天村里走了两个游击战士。 2．叮铃铃，叮铃铃，一阵电话铃声把老杨从回忆中惊醒过来。 四 、加标点并回答问题。
1．加标点。 2．解释加点的字词句。 （1）郤克伤于矢 （2）病 （3）若之何 （4）御
2015年华中师范大学354汉语基础[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版） 壹 现代汉语基础知识（共80分） 一、填空题（每小题1分，共10分）
8．词义派生的方式主要有两种，分别为
和
。
【答案】隐喻；转喻
【解析】从现实现象之间的关系和人类的认知模式来看，词义派生主要
是在原有意义的基础上通过隐喻、转喻等方式引申出来的。隐喻是指两 现象之间有“相似”的关系。相似可以是外形的相似、某种性质的相似、 整体部分关系的相似，等等。比如，“耳”本来指“人的耳朵”，而“木 耳”的“耳”指的是“形状像人的耳朵的东西”；转喻，也叫“换喻”，它是指
目录
2014年华中师范大学354汉语基础[专业 硕士]考研真题（回忆版）
2015年华中师范大学354汉语基础[专业 硕士]考研真题（回忆版）
2015年华中师范大学354汉语基础[专业 硕士]考研真题（回忆版）及详解
2016年华中师范大学354汉语基础[专业 硕士]考研真题（回忆版）
2014年华中师范大学354汉语基础[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版） 现代汉语 一、填空题
华中师范大学2007年至2011年研究生文学理论考试试题
华中师范大学2007年至2011年研究生文学理论考试试题华中师范大学2007年至2011年研究生文学理论考试试题华中师范大学2007年研究生入学考试试题招生专业:中国语言文学各专业考试科目及代码:文学理论 615考试时间:元月21日上午一、术语解释(每题5分,共30分)1、互文性2、主题的多义性3、戏剧情境4、艺术构思5、文学思潮6、共鸣二、请指出下列著作的作者(每题1分,共10分)1、“遵四时以叹逝,瞻万物而思纷;悲落叶于劲秋,喜柔条于芳春”。
2、“唯陈言之务去”。
3、“诗者:根情,苗言,华声,实义”。
4、《薑斋诗话》5、《摩罗诗力说》6、“法国社会将写它的历史,我只能当它的书记。
”7、《艺术哲学》8、《判断力批判》9、“人不仅通过思维,而且以全部感觉在对象世界肯定自己。
”10、“倾向应当从场面和情节中自然流露出来,而不应当特别把它指点出来。
”三、阅读下面两则材料,根据需要回答问题。
(每题15分,共30分)1、亚里士多德:“就作诗的需要而言,一件不可能发生却可信的事,比一件可能发生但却不可信的事更为可取。
”分析并评价这段话说阐释的文学观点。
2、刘勰:“是以将阅文辞,先标之观:一贯位体,二观置辞,三观通变,四观奇正,五观事义,六观宫商。
”依据这段话,说明批评的具体步骤。
四、简答题(每题15分,共30分)1、在文学创作中,创作个性具体体现在哪些方面?2、文学批评具有哪些意义和功能?五、论述题(每题25分,共50分)1、以文学史为例,分析社会心理对文学活动的影响,并谈谈你是怎样认识文学与社会心理之间的关系。
2、论文学体裁的动态性,并举例说明。
华中师范大学2008年研究生入学考试试题招生专业:中国语言文学研究方向:各研究方向考试科目及代码:文学理论 321考试时间:元月15日上午一、术语解释 (每题6分,共30分)1、艺术思维2、意象叠加3、潜台词4、灵感5、边缘文学体裁二、请指出下列著作和言论的作者(每题1分,共10分)1、《随园诗话》2、《宋元戏剧考》3、《诗艺》4、《拉奥孔》5、《作为艺术的手法》6、《朦胧的七种类型》7、《机械复制时代的艺术》8、缀文者情动而辞发,观文者披文以入情9、有了小感触,就写些短文……得到较整齐的材料,则还是做短篇小说。
2024年华中师范大学研究生考试710汉语与文学基础考研真题
2024年华中师范大学研究生考试710汉语与文学基础考研真题业务课名称：710汉语与文学基础
考生须知：1.答案必须写在答题纸上，写在其他纸上无效。
2.答题时必须使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔做答，用其他答题不给分，不得使用涂改液。
一、名词解释(每题5分，共30 分)
1.形声字
2.韵文
3.句子
4.赵树理方向
5.唐传奇
6.赋比兴
二、简答题(共60 分)
1.连动句及其类型
2 词义引申的规律
3朦胧诗艺术特色
4.李煜词艺术特色
5.人文主义文学主题思想和艺术特色
三、论述题(每题20 分，共60 分)
1.《史记》描写人的艺术特色
2.浮士德思想价值。
3.结合作品谈谈现当代文学史上，地域文化与作家创作的关系。
2014年华中师范大学英语专业考研基础英语真题
华中师范大学二〇一四年研究生入学考试试题院系、招生专业: 外国语学院英语语言文学外国语言文学及应用语言文学考试时间：元月5日午考试科目代码及名称：713基础英语I. In each of the following sentences, 4 WWORDS or PHRASES have been underlined. Choose the one word or phrase that would NOT be appropriate in standard English. Write your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. (15/150)1.Studies have suggested that eating nuts—almonds in particular—might help toAlower blood cholesterol levels in humans and reducing the risk of heart diseaseB Cby protecting the blood vessels.D2. Last summer, when Mary’s aunt and uncle flew from Turkey to visit their relativesAand tour the United States, Marry invited Sandy and I to her house to meet them.B C D3. Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations is a novel which the main character becomesAso obsessed with the idea of becoming a gentleman that his moral judgment isB C Dtemporarily affected.4. My roommate, a drama major, claimed that Ibsen’s plays, unlike Ionesco, areA Btotally conventional in their style.C D5. Because our casserole was smelling surprisingly badly as it baked, the food scienceAteacher came over to ask us what we had put it.B C D6. The problem of storing the sun’s heat is supposed to be studied by scientistsA Ball over the world in the past decades.C D7. It is difficult to predict what kinds of books will be popular in the years ahead,A Bbecause tastes change and topics either get overexplored and lost their relevance.C D8. Ms. Kovak proudly displayed her research group’s most ingenious invention, aA Bvacuum cleaner that empties its own dust bag when pressing a button.C D9. Susan is considered to be as intelligent, or more intelligent than the other studentsA B Cin her class.D10. Large sums of money have to spend each year in painting the steel works ofA B Cbridges, ships, and other exposed structures.D11. Only when the book has assumed its final form an author can declare to the readerA Bwhat he thinks he has accomplished.C D12. Betty spent all evening talking about her book, which none of us had ever heard.A B C D13. I have no idea of Mr. Smith having been promoted to the new post. Y ou should tellA B C me about it earlier.D14. It was years after I had visited my hometown, and I was determined to enjoyA B Cmy stay.D15. The more complex a subject becomes, the more necessary is it to break it up into aA B C number of parts which the reader can visualize.DII. Find the ONE choice that best completes the sentence. Write your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. (15/150)1. She called her friend before she left the city to her friend would miss her.A. insureB. ensureC. assureD. reassure2. The students begin to themselves to their studies after long summer vocation.A. applyB. engageC. convertD. exert3. Before moving to California, Tom Warren has to of his house and the furniture.A. dispenseB. discardC. disposeD. discharge4. The central government is now making unremitting efforts to its policy of poverty relief in the remote rural areas.A. constructB. implementC. demonstrateD. integrate5. Accuracy and expressiveness are the two in translation. The first is to express the exact thought of original article and the second is to make the translation readily understood.A. acquisitionB. inquiriesC. requestsD. requisites6. It is believed that the deal between the two enterprises is finally made through theof the local government.A. conventionB. preventionC. interventionD. termination7. There is no perfect trading system, and each of the proposed ones has its .A. limitationsB. bordersC. frontiersD. prohibitions8. Dr. Hill has just received an invitation from Washington University to join theas a full-time professor.A. committeeB. associationC. facultyD. branch9. People find that expected noise are usually more than unexpected ones of the like magnitude.A. manageableB. controllableC. revocableD. tolerable10. Y ou will have to be very if you want him to come around and approve of the plan.A. diplomaticB. industriousC. vigilantD. sensitive11. The sell their military equipment to whoever needs it, with the purpose of making profit.A. uniqueB. unanimousC. soleD. singular12. Expects suggested that speech stages are reached in the fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who turns out to be of high IQ.A. automaticallyB. eventuallyC. inverselyD. contradictorily13. He has been coughing all day and and has a cold.A. evidentlyB. correspondinglyC. normallyD. admittedly14. This book is wide attention because it gives a detailed description of the life of Princess Diana.A. composed ofB. regardless ofC. worthy ofD. ignorant of15. Would you please these invitations to all the teachers of English department?A. hand overB. hand outC. hand downD. hand inⅢ. Proofreading: (30/150):(Do it in on the ANSWER SHEET)The following passage contains 15 errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error.Y ou should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing wor d, mark the position of the missing word with a“八”andwrite the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.Fast food has grown remarkably, not only in the United States, but alsoaround the world. Restaurant chains represent a multi-billion-dollars (1)industry that shows no sign of slowing down. Innovations for operations (2)and products have kept the industry growing and, some cities wouldargue, leading to speeding up the pace of contemporary life. (3) From its inception, fast food has lived up its name. In the early (4)days of fast food, as Americans came to depend more on their cars, outletsoffered drive-in service, enabled customers to park and eat in their cars. (5)This service reduced the cost and established relative low prices. (6) Giving the popularity of fast food for lunch and dinner, it was only a (7)matter of time after marketers and franchisees realized they could (8)expand their line of products by offering breakfast to hungry peoplein a hurry.For many people, moreover, fast food has become symbolic of a (9)fast-paced lifestyle that is neither natural or healthy. An organization (10)called Slow Food was established in Italy in 1986 to oppose fast food andtheir assembly-line approach to cooking and eating. The Slow Food (11) manifesto, endorsing in Paris 1989 by delegates from 15 countries, states, (12)“We are slaved by speed and have all succumbed to the same insidiousvirus: Fast Life, who disrupts our habit, pervades the privacy of our (13)homes and forces us to eat Fast Foods.” To fight the positive connotations (14)of fast food, many companies now emphasize on the word “fresh” (15)in their advertising and use the term “quick service” to describe theiroperations.Ⅳ. Fill in each blank with THE BEST ANSWER from the four choices given under the correspondent number. Write your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. (30/150)One of the most pressing challenges that the world will face in the next few decades is how to alleviate the growing stress that human activities are placing 1 the environment. The consequences are just too great to 2 . Wildlife habitats are being degraded or disappearing altogether as new developments 3 more land. Plant and animal species are becoming 4 at a greater rate now than at any time in Earth’s history. 5 as 30 percent of the world’s fish stocks are over-exploited. And the list goes on.6 , there is reason to have hope for the future.7 in computing power and molecular biology are among the tremendous increases in scientific capability that are helping researchers8 a better understanding of these problems. Recent developments in science and technology could provide the9 for some major, and timely actions that would 10 our understanding of how human activities affect the environment.One priority for research is improving hydrological forecasting. It has been 11 that the world’s water use could triple in the next two decades. Already, widespread water 12 have occurred in parts of China, India, North Africa, and the Arabian Peninsula. The need for water also is taking its toll on freshwater ecosystems in the United States. Only two percent of the nation’s streams are considered in good 13 , and close to 40 percent of native fish 14 are rare to extinct.To prevent outbreaks of 15 diseases in plants, animals, and humans, more study is needed on how pathogens, parasites, and disease-carrying species——as 16 as humans and other species they infect——are 17 by changes in the environment. The overuse of antibiotics both in humans and in farm animals has 18 to the growth of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Researchers 19 new technologies in genetics and computing to better monitor and 20 the effects that environmental changes might have on disease outbreaks.1. A. at B. in C. cover D. on2. A. notice B. speculate C. ignore D. emphasize3. A. take over B. take up C. take in D. take on4. A. dangerous B. risky C. extinct D. insecure5. A. As B. So C. Too D. very6. A. Likewise B. Y et C. Consequently D. Furthermore7. A. Advances B. projects C. Inventions D. Proposals8. A. hold B. receive C. gain D. pay9. A. basis B. base C. stage D. ground10. A. affirm B. consolidate C. hinder D. improve11. A. advocated B. expected C. estimated D. calculated12. A. supply B. use C. pollution D. shortage13. A. health B. condition C. status D. situation14. A. foods B. products C. species D. races15. A. serious B. infectious C. fetal D. deadly16. A. much B. long C. well D. far17. A. affected B. restricted C. distributed D. compensated18. A. referred B. allocated C. contributed D. attributed19. A. call in questionB. take advantage ofC. give rise toD. bring into operation20. A. see B. report C. guess D. predictV. Read the following passages carefully and choose THE ONE BEST ANSWER to each question from the four choices given. Write your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. (20/150)Text A[1] “Aggression”means a mixture of three features: injury (real or symbolic), intent, and emotion. Having a toe trodden upon may or may not make you the object of aggression: it all depends on the emotion and intent of a man inside the boot. One recurring question is the exact nature of the motivation. If the answers to this and similar questions were known, better solutions might be offered. Instead, the expects continue to offer contradictory opinions. It has been suggested that competitive sports decrease aggression. But many have suggested that such sports may cause it. Similar conflicting opinions have been offered about violence on film and television. How do we begin to make sense of rival views? One way is by looking at how the ideas developed historically.[2] When Freud first considered human aggression, he suggested that it originated from the blocking of a pleasure-seeking drive. He later changed his mind, suggesting that the aggressive drive was something independent of the blocking of pleasure, and that aggression was inherent part of human conditions. These two very different views have formed the basis of contemporary thinking on the nature of aggression. Freud’s earlier idea, that it originated from the blocking of a pleasure drive, led to the frustration theory. It suggested that interference with any pleasure including, or rewarding activity, once this had begun, would produce a state of frustration, which would then evoke anger. The frustration theory has stimulated much research on both human and animals. But its limitations in explaining all human aggression are now very apparent. If you are frustrated, for example, by someone turning up to an appointment on time, anger is indeed a likely outcome. Bur so other reactions: anxiety and nervousness, trying to find the missing person, or making light of the situation by joking.[3] Freud’s later idea—that there is a separate aggressive drive—influenced a totally different set of ideas. Most important among these is the notion that the act of violence can release a tense which has previously built up in someone. Ideas of this sort not only have a long history, but also have a intuitive appeal because of thefeeling of relief that often follows an emotional act, such as an aggressive outburst. The later Freud saw aggression as a drive building up spontaneously until the act occurred, which then reduced the tension. This embodies a profoundly pessimistic belief about human nature. It led Freud to comment that it is fruitless to try to eliminate human violence, but we can only provide safe outlets for it.[4] One extension of the frustration approach is my own discrepancy theory, which I originally put forward to explain the animal fighting. Animal fight in response to sudden pain or novelty or frustration. All three situations can be thought of in terms of animal finding a large discrepancy between events and what is expecting on the basis of its past experience. When this happens, either fear or aggression is likely to occur, though many traditional factors will determine which of the two takes place in a given situation. On this view, aggression occurs because the animal compares events in its environment with its expectations built up from the past experiences.[5] The same idea can be extended to human aggression. We are likely to become angry when our expectations, wishes, beliefs or attitudes are not fulfilled by what we experience. One very clear example occurs after a person has lost a marriage partner, close relative or friend. There is distress, and attempts to escape, at first. These are replaced later by aggression.1. The author of the passage believes that if we know the nature of aggressionA. we may find better ways to deal with human violenceB. we may better understand people’s intent and emotionC. we may have a clear view of its historical developmentD. experts may stop arguing about violence on film and television2. Freud thought later on that human aggression was caused byA. the blocking of a pleasure driveB.an inherent aggressive driveC. frustration, anger and anxietyD. unexpected failures3. Freud’s later idea is pessimistic because it implies thatA. it’s impossible to eliminate human violenceB. it’s impossible to find safe outlets for violenceC. man will never understand the nature of aggressionD. man will never find ways to reduce tension4. The author’s own theory is influenced byA. Freud’s earlier ideaB. Freud’s later ideaC. research on animalsD. studies on frustration5. according to the author, whether fear or aggression occurs in a situation of discrepancy is determined byA. the extent of discrepancyB. the degree of frustrationC. our expectationsD. other factorsText B[1] Consider the puppy. At only three weeks of age, this tiny ball of fur has already begun gnawing, pawing, and tugging at its littermates. At four to five weeks, its antics rival those of a rambunctious child, chasing and wrestling with its siblings at all hours of the day and night.[2]Such behavior is not unusual among social animals. From human children to whales to sewer rats, many groups of mammals and even some birds play for a significant fraction of their youth. Brown bear cubs, like puppies and kittens, stalk and wrestle with one another in imaginary battles. Wolves play solitary games with rocks and sticks.Chimpanzees tickle one another.[3]However fascinating these displays of youthful exuberance may be, play among animals was ignored by scientists for most of this century. Biologists assumed that this seemingly purposeless activity had little effect on animal development, was not a distinct form of behavior, and was too nebulous a concept either to define or to study. Even the term "play" caused problems for researchers, because it suggests that watching animals goof off is not an activity for serious scientists.[4]But a steady accumulation of evidence over the past two decades now suggests that play is a distinct form of behavior with an important role in the social, physical, and mental development of many animals. In one study, kittens, mice, and rats were found to play the most at ages when permanent changes were occurring in their muscle fiber and the parts of their brains regulating movement. Kittens were 30 most playful between 4 and 20 weeks of age; rats, from 12 to 50 days; and mice, from 15 to 29 days. Development at those ages is comparable to that of a two-year-old human infant. At these precise times in the development of these animals, muscle fibers differentiate and the connections to areas of the brain regulating movement are made. Such changes apparently are not unique to kittens, mice, and rats,but apply to mammals in general.[5]Thus, research on play has given biologists an important tool with which to probe the development of the brain and 40 motor systems of animals. The study on rats, kittens, and mice may, for instance, provide a physiological explanation for why infant animals employ in their play the same kinds of behavior that they will later use as adults. By stalking and capturing imaginary prey over and over again, a kitten builds its muscle and brain connections in a way that allows it to perform those actions later in life.[6]Play may also provide insight into the social development of animals. When the rough-and-tumble of play ends traumatically with a yelp or a shriek, young animals may be learning the limits of their strength and how to control themselves among others. Those are essential lessons for an animal living in a close-knit group. Perhaps, some scientists guess, as mammals gathered into social groups, play took on the function of socializing members of the group. Not everyone agrees with this theory, though. Another explanation is that play may not have evolved to confer any advantage but is simply a consequence of higher cognitive abilities or an abundance of nutrition and parental care.[7]Why did play evolve? No one knows for certain, but after ten years of studying brown bears of Alaska, biologist R obert Fagen has his own opinion. “Why do people dance?” he asks. “Why do b irds sing?” For the bears, we are becoming increasingly convinced that aesthetic factors are primary." Sometimes, that is, animals play simply for the fun of it.6. In the paragraph 2, the references to animals primarily serve toA. emphasize physical similarities between and humansB. prove a controversial point about animal playC. suggest that animal play can be difficult to studyD. show the variety of animal play7. Which of the following claims do the findings of "one study" mentioned inParagraph 4 support?A. Play is a key factor in the social organization of some animal groups.B. Most animal species tend to begin playing as they approach adulthood.C. Research into play may help us understand animals’physiological development.D. Researchers do not always recognize behavioral similarities among diversespecies8. How do expect who agree with “this theory”mentioned in Paragraph 6 look at animal play?A. It is an enjoyable activity.B. It serves as a useful purpose.C. It occurs only among mammals.D. It varies from one animal to another.9.The discussion of Robert Fagen’s work serves toA. show that varying explanations may be logically relatedB. expand the discussion by introducing a different opinionC. strengthen the earlier argument with corroborating evidenceD. illustrate the resistance conservative scientists to new ideas10.Fagan compares bears playing to people dancing in order to suggest that bothactivitiesA. have little practical functionB. promote physical coordinationC. are associated wills social developmentD. involve peer groups in shared physical activityⅥ. Read the following article and answer the questions about it in ENGLISH.Y ou may borrow words or phrases from the article, are but not allowed borrow clauses or sentences. Both the content and language accuracy of your answers will be considered. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40/150)[1]If the new art is not accessible to everyone, which certainly seems to be the case, this implies that its impulses are not of a generically human kind. It is an art not for people in general but for a special class who may not be better but who are evidently different.[2]Before we go further, one point must be clarified. What is it that the majority of people call aesthetic pleasure? What happens in their minds when they “like” a work of art; for example, a play? The answer is easy. They like a play when they become interested in the human destinies that are represented, when the love and hatred, the joys and sorrows of the dramatic personages so move them that they participate in it all as though it were happening in real life. And they call a work “good” if it succeeds in creating th e illusion necessary to make the imaginary personages appear like living persons. In poetry the majority of people seek the passion and pain of the human being behind the poet. Paintings attract them if they find in them figures of men or women it would be interesting to meet.[3]It thus appears that to the majority of people aesthetic pleasure means a state of mind that is essentially indistinguishable from their ordinary behavior. It differs merely in accidental qualities, being perhaps less utilitarian, more intense, and free from painful consequences. But the object toward which their attention and, consequently, all their other mental activities are directed is the same as in daily life: people and passions. When forced to consider artistic forms proper-for example, in some surrealistic or abstract art-most people will only tolerate them if they do not interfere with their perception of human forms and fates. As soon as purely aesthetic elements predominate and the story of John and Susie grows elusive, most people feel out of their depth and are at a loss as to what to make of the scene, the book, or the painting. A work of art vanishes from sight for a beholder who seeks in that work of art nothing but the moving fate of John and Susie or Tristan and Isolde. Unaccustomed to behaving in any mode except the practical one in which feelings are aroused and emotional involvement ensues, most people are unsure how to respond toa work that does not invite sentimental intervention.[4]Now this is a point that has to be made perfectly clear. Neither grieving nor rejoicing at such human destinies as those presented by a work of art begins to define true artistic pleasure; indeed, preoccupation with the human content of work is in principle incompatible with aesthetic enjoyment proper.Questions;1. How do you paraphrase the underline sentence in Paragraph 1?2. How does aesthetic pleasure happen to the majority of people?3. How do you paraphrase the underline sentence in Paragraph 3?4. Why, according to this article, can’t most people appreciate a work of abstract art?5. How do you paraphrase the underline sentence in Paragraph 4?。