德鲁克:管理自己

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彼得·德鲁克:管理1定义、3任务、5项工作、8大领域

彼得·德鲁克:管理1定义、3任务、5项工作、8大领域

彼得·德鲁克:管理1定义、3任务、5项⼯作、8⼤领域现代管理学之⽗彼得·德鲁克(Peter F.Drucker)管理思想的精髓被总结为“1358”,即管理的⼀个定义、管理的三⼤任务、管理者的五项⼯作和企业需要设定⽬标的⼋⼤领域。

1、管理的⼀个定义“管理就是界定企业的使命,并激励和组织⼈⼒资源去实现这个使命。

界定使命是企业家的任务,⽽激励与组织⼈⼒资源是领导⼒的范畴,⼆者的结合就是管理。

”在德鲁克管理的定义中,他使⽤了⼀个关键词:使命。

什么是使命呢?使命就是:组织存在的原因,组织的⽬的;为什么做⾃⼰所做的事情;多年以后,你希望⼈们把关于组织的什么铭记在⼼。

关于使命的假设规定了组织把什么结果看做有意义的,指明了该组织认为它对整个经济和社会应做出何种贡献。

管理的定义涉及企业的使命,⽽企业的使命是确定远景、优先顺序、战略、计划、⼯作安排的基础,企业只有确定了使命才能取得绩效。

2、管理的三⼤任务1、设定组织机构的特定⽬标和使命(⽆论是商业企业,还是医院或⼤学)2、确保⼯作富有⽣产⼒,并且使员⼯有所成就,产⽣效益。

3、管理组织机构产⽣的社会影响和应承担的社会责任。

管理的三⼤任务中的每⼀项都有其⾃⾝的⾸要性。

管理企业之所以有其⾸要性,是因为企业是⼀个经济机构;使⼯作富有成效、使员⼯富有所成就感之所以有其重要性,正是因为社会并不是⼀个经济机构,⽽是仰赖管理来实现其基本的信念及价值;管理企业的社会影响⼒之所以重要,是因为器官不会存活得⽐其效命的⾝体还久,⽽企业正是社会的⼀个器官。

3、管理者的五项⼯作01设定⽬标⼀个管理者⾸先要制定⽬标,并考虑为实现⽬标所应采取的⾏为。

例如,制定⽬标是⼀个平衡的问题:在企业成果同⼀个⼈信奉的原则的实现之间进⾏平衡,在企业的当前需要同未来需要之间进⾏平衡,在所要达到的⽬标同现有条件之间的平衡。

制定⽬标显然要求分析和综合的能⼒。

02组织管理者要分析所需的各项活动、决定和关系。

德鲁克知识工作者的自我管理思想

德鲁克知识工作者的自我管理思想

识生产力的提高 , 知识工作者作为知识的载体 , 使现行社会 和组织的结构和制度发生着深层的变革, 知识工作者的生产 率决定着未来社会的兴衰成败。
德鲁克是第一个在上世纪5 年代就提出“ 0 知识工作者”
这一概念的人, 半个世纪过去了, 知识工作者已经成为发达
从德鲁克上世纪 5 年代到 8 年代的著作里我们可以 0 0
理已进入全球化和知识化阶段, 持续增长成为社会管理的目 标, 知识管理成为社会管理的主题。知识社会的发展依赖知
的最大群体将是知识工作者。 决定知识工作者的特征是他们 的正规教育水平 , 这种教育和发展以及某种程度上的训练将 成为知识社会的核心。将数据转化成信息和所需知识的过
程, 需要的是专业化了的精确知识, 而知识工作者正是这种 所需知识的载体。
层, 他们的命运关系着未来社会的生死存亡。


知识工作者的界定
法才 日 臻完善。知识工作者在全世界产生了深远影响。 2知识工作者的特征 、
自带生产工具——知识。 知识工作者的管理应该以这个
1知识工作者 、
知识工作者即知识型工作者, 一方面指能充分利用现代
科学技术知 识提高工作效率的人, 另一方面指本身具 备较强 的学习知识和创新知识的能力的人。在这个定义中, 德鲁克
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者组织配给, 自己的事情只是理论层面上的一次变革。 做 第二阶段( 第一次世界大战——第二次世界大战末)做 , 自己认为对的事情阶段。 一战带来的灾难使人们对做自己的 事情失去信心, 认为只有做 自己认为对的事情才是正确的,

德鲁克谈自我管理

德鲁克谈自我管理

德鲁克谈自我管理自我管理是一种重要的生活技能,也是提高个人效率和成功的关键之一。

著名管理学家彼得·德鲁克在他的著作《管理的实践》中详细阐述了自我管理的重要性和方法。

本文将围绕德鲁克的观点,探讨自我管理的概念、重要性和实践方法。

1. 自我管理的概念自我管理是指个人对自己的思想、情绪和行为进行有效的控制和引导,以实现个人目标和提高工作效率。

它涉及到对时间的合理利用、任务的组织安排、自我激励和自我反省等方面。

德鲁克认为,自我管理是一种主动的行为,而不是被动的应对。

它要求个人明确自己的价值观和优先级,并根据这些价值观制定长期和短期的目标。

同时,自我管理还需要个人具备良好的自我认知能力,能够准确评估自己的能力、资源和限制,从而做出合理的决策和行动。

2. 自我管理的重要性自我管理对于个人的成功和成就至关重要。

它不仅可以提高个人的工作效率和工作质量,还可以增强个人的自信心和职业发展。

首先,自我管理可以提高个人的工作效率。

通过合理安排时间和任务,个人可以减少无效的时间浪费和重复劳动,从而提高工作的效率和生产力。

此外,自我管理还可以帮助个人更好地掌控自己的目标和计划,减少拖延和分心的现象,从而更好地专注于工作。

其次,自我管理可以提高个人的工作质量。

自我管理意味着个人要对自己的工作负责,要求个人具备自我监督和自我调整的能力。

只有这样,个人才能时刻保持高度专注和高效执行,从而提供高质量的工作成果。

最后,自我管理还可以增强个人的自信心和职业发展。

通过自我管理,个人能够更好地认识自己的能力和潜力,形成积极的自我认知。

同时,个人也可以通过自我管理不断提升自己的能力和技能,从而实现自己的职业目标和提升职业价值。

综上所述,自我管理对于个人来说是非常重要的。

它可以提高个人的工作效率和工作质量,增强个人的自信心和职业发展。

3. 自我管理的实践方法3.1 制定明确的目标自我管理的第一步是制定明确的目标。

目标应该是具体、可量化和有时限的,同时也要与个人的价值观和兴趣相符。

《德鲁克谈自我管理》摘要

《德鲁克谈自我管理》摘要

《德鲁克谈自我管理》摘要一,“学习如何学习”(learning how to learn)。

(P7-P9)德鲁克讲的很清楚,他告诉我们,“学习如何学习”(learning how to learn)有两个很重要的关键:第一,学习“忘记”(unlearn);第二,要做总结。

所谓的“忘记”,就是学习了一段时间以后就暂时不要继续学习了,把已经学到的知识忘掉。

......一直学习并不代表是有效的学习,学习本身也可能变成学习的障碍,可能变成学习中的问题。

当我们做一件事情,或者我们学习一门功课以后,一定要学做总结,哪怕只有一个字,或只有一句话。

二,你根本不必改变自己。

(P26)德鲁克:“你根本不必改变自己。

”我(作者詹文明)说:“那我该怎么办?”他说:“你不用改变自己。

你要了解、认识你自己。

......了解自己什么呢?了解自己的限制,了解哪些事情是自己不想做、不能做、不该做的,了解自己应该坚持、坚持、再坚持的是什么。

”三,自己负责自己的成长。

(P40-P42)员工的成长是要自己负责的。

德鲁克说:“真正的成长是要靠员工自己,而不是老板。

老板只能提供一个好的环境给员工,其他的都要靠员工自己。

员工要善用公司的资源,要真正能够体会到自己在这个工作上得到的利益。

这时候,员工就会慢慢明白,原来自己要负责自己的成长,老板不负责,公司不负责。

”这就是说,一个人在成长的过程中,要反思自己而不是要求别人。

四,组织中没有朋友。

(P92)人际关系通常指的是什么?人们常常想用非正当的做法来建立人际关系。

比如一起打牌等。

他们说:“这就是联络感情啊,这就是建立人际关系啊。

”德鲁克说:“不对,这不叫建立人际关系,这反而对人际关系有害。

”他说:“如果你是领导,你这样做的话,当你需要做重大决策的时候就会受到不利的影响。

”他认为:“一个人在组织里面不应该有朋友。

”五,专业人士具有教导别人的责任(P108)德鲁克说:“不是说,你是主管,你就应该教导他们。

个人的管理德鲁克读后感

个人的管理德鲁克读后感

个人的管理德鲁克读后感英文回答:Drucker's "The Effective Executive" is a timeless classic that offers invaluable insights into the art of effective management. The book is structured around five key practices that Drucker believed were essential for executives to master:1. Time management: Executives must be able to manage their time effectively in order to be productive and successful. Drucker recommended using a time log to track how executives spend their time and identify areas where they can save time. He also emphasized the importance of prioritizing tasks and delegating responsibilities.2. Managing oneself: Executives must be able to manage themselves effectively in order to be effective leaders. This includes setting goals, managing one's emotions, and developing a strong work ethic. Drucker also emphasized theimportance of continuous learning and development.3. Building a team: Executives must be able to build and lead effective teams. This includes creating a shared vision, setting clear goals, and providing support and guidance to team members. Drucker also emphasized the importance of diversity and inclusion in building effective teams.4. Communicating effectively: Executives must be able to communicate effectively in order to lead and inspire their teams. This includes being able to articulate a clear vision, give feedback, and resolve conflict. Drucker also emphasized the importance of listening to others and being open to feedback.5. Making decisions: Executives must be able to make effective decisions in order to lead their organizations to success. Drucker recommended using a systematic approach to decision-making, which includes gathering information, analyzing options, and considering the potential consequences of each decision.Drucker's "The Effective Executive" is a must-read for anyone who wants to be a successful executive. The book offers practical advice that can be applied to any industry or organization.中文回答:德鲁克的《卓有成效的管理者》是一部永恒的经典著作,它对有效的管理艺术提供了宝贵的见解。

德鲁克《管理自己》

德鲁克《管理自己》

德鲁克《管理自己》前言本文是《哈佛商业评论》创刊以来重印次数最多的文章之一。

作者彼得·德鲁克,自1971年后长期在美国加利福尼亚州克莱尔蒙特研究生大学任教。

该文首次发表于1999年,节选自其著作《21世纪的管理挑战》,有删节。

主要观点非常简单:知道自己擅长什么,努力扬长避短。

确定自己接收信息和沟通的主要方式是听还是看,自己是读者型还是听者型。

我如何学习新东西?我的价值观(偏好体系)是怎样的?向往自由还是循规守矩?团队还是单打独斗?我在哪里呆的最惬意最享受?我应该在哪些方面/领域做出较大成就?是不是应该建立业余爱好来丰富自己的生活?真心应该好好阅读本文,就是这些非常简单的原则和思考塑造了我们短短的一生,是有所成就还是碌碌无为。

几年前我第一次读到本文的英文版时,激动不已。

第二天到公司打印出来带回家又细细读了一遍。

希望你同一样认同本文的价值。

我甚至认为,这些东西早应该教给每一个人(牛人们的思考方式和人生规划哲学),这样每个人的潜能才会更大地释放出来,造福社会,成就自己。

——————————————丹华我们生活的这个时代充满着前所未有的机会:如果你有雄心,又不乏智慧,那么不管你从何处起步,你都可以沿着自己所选择的道路登上事业的顶峰。

不过,有了机会,也就有了责任。

今天的公司并不怎么管员工的职业发展;实际上,知识工作者必须成为自己的首席执行官。

你应该在公司中开辟自己的天地,知道何时改变发展道路,并在可能长达50年的职业生涯中不断努力、干出实绩。

要做好这些事情,你首先要对自己有深刻的认识——不仅清楚自己的优点和缺点,也知道自己是怎样学习新知识和与别人共事的,并且还明白自己的价值观是什么、自己又能在哪些方面做出最大贡献。

因为只有当所有工作都从自己的长处着眼,你才能真正做到卓尔不群。

历史上的伟人——拿破仑、达芬奇、莫扎特——都很善于自我管理。

这在很大程度上也是他们成为伟人的原因。

不过,他们属于不可多得的奇才,不但有着不同于常人的天资,而且天生就会管理自己,因而才取得了不同于常人的成就。

德鲁克谈自我管理读后感

德鲁克谈自我管理读后感

德鲁克谈自我管理读后感
《德鲁克谈自我管理》是一本关于个人管理的经典著作。

通过阅读这本书,我深深体
会到了自我管理的重要性和影响力。

这本书以简洁明了的语言阐述了自我管理的原则和技巧。

作者德鲁克以自身多年的管
理经验为基础,深入解析了自我管理的内涵和意义,并指导读者如何在日常生活中实践自
我管理。

在书中,德鲁克强调了目标的重要性。

他认为,一个明确的目标能够激发人的动力和
激情,进而提高个人的效率和成就。

他建议读者要制定具体、可衡量、有时间限制的目标,并告诫读者不要被琐碎的事务所困扰,要始终保持对目标的专注。

德鲁克还强调了时间管理的重要性。

他提出了“时间日志”这一概念,鼓励读者记录
自己的时间分配情况,以便更好地了解时间的使用情况,并对自己的时间进行有效的管理。

他还给出了一系列时间管理的实用技巧,如设置优先级、集中注意力、合理安排任务等。

此书还提到了自我反馈和自我调整的重要性。

作者认为,一个良好的自我反馈系统能
够帮助人们更好地了解自己的优势和不足,并及时进行调整和改进。

他鼓励读者要不断地
进行自我反思,及时纠正错误,并通过不断学习和成长来提高自己的管理能力。

通过阅读《德鲁克谈自我管理》,我深刻认识到了自我管理的重要性。

只有通过良好
的自我管理,我们才能更好地实现个人目标,提高工作效率,同时也能够在生活中找到更
多的快乐与满足感。

这本书不仅仅适用于管理人员,对每个人来说都具有重要的指导意义。

我相信,只要我们能够认真学习并实践书中的原则和技巧,就一定能够成为一个更好的自
我管理者。

德鲁克-五项修炼心得1

德鲁克-五项修炼心得1

•德鲁克--五项修炼,提升职场竞争力(一)•第一课五个手指的自我管理者学习体会德鲁克大师的管理思想通过五项修炼的精准概括,以及用五个手指的简明形象示意,醍醐灌顶,让我对很多生活中的、工作间的疑问与困惑,顿时有了清晰与明朗的思路。

如何平衡工作与家庭的关系?如何在做好自己本职工作的同时不断突破自我?又如何跟“各式各样”的同事相处沟通,互相进步?……在一个个疑问的背后是人们对生活,对家庭,对工作的不同体悟以及想要更多,想做更好,却无从下手改变现状的无奈与困惑。

而五个手指的思想就能给人以正确的启发。

第1、拇指代表要事优先。

学会制定“四象限法则”,把事情按照:重要紧急的事--立即去做;重要不紧急的事--有计划的去做;不重要紧急的事--找别人分担做;不重要不紧急的事--尽量不做的方式,合理规划好身边的每一件事,取舍有度,专注有谱。

第2、食指代表正确判断。

俗话说,方向不对,所有努力都白费。

想要成功的急迫心情大家都能体会,但成功的前提是有一个平和的心态,在思路清晰的状态下,制定出一个有效的正确路线。

南辕北辙的失败经验教训数不胜数,要时刻自省是否也在犯相同的错误。

第3、中指代表用人之长,看人之短,则天下无人可用,看人所长,则天下之人皆可为我所用。

人非圣贤,金无足赤。

每个人都有他的优势所长,要看到别人的优点、长处,包容他的弱点、不足。

用人扬长避短,螺丝钉也有其不可替代的作用。

第4、无名指代表主宰时间,要做时间的主人。

时间是世上最公平的事物,一天24个小时,与谁都不多不少,他无法储存,也不能替代。

在有限的时间内利用时间的宽度,更加专注深入的做事情,追求效率。

第5、小拇指代表作出贡献。

大道至简,道在低处,成功的本质是“利他”。

只有做到对别人有用,自己才有社会价值,只有拥有了社会价值,才能走向成功。

“吃亏是福”,做事做人都需要有无私奉献的精神,有顾全大局的胸襟,这样才能有人人为我,我为人人的良好社会风气,我们才能逐步走向成功。

体会德鲁克之五管理者的自我管理

体会德鲁克之五管理者的自我管理

体会德鲁克之五管理者的自我管理摘要作为管理者,不仅需要管理他人,更需要管理自己。

本文将通过学习德鲁克的《管理的实践》,探讨管理者自我管理的重要性和方法,包括目标设置、时间管理和人际关系等方面。

一、自我管理的概念和重要性自我管理是指管理者在工作和日常生活中,对自身所做的事情进行规划、控制和评价的过程。

作为管理者,我们要面对复杂多变的环境和不断出现的挑战,需要不断学习和成长,才能保持竞争力和领导力。

自我管理对于我们的成长和发展至关重要。

它可以帮助我们实现个人目标和公司目标的协调,更好地掌控工作和生活,发现和解决问题,提高效率和质量。

二、目标设置目标是自我管理的核心。

管理者需要根据个人和公司的需要,明确自己要达成的目标,为自己的行动和决策提供指导。

目标要具有可量化和可检验性,能够追踪进展和反馈成果。

目标设置应遵循以下原则:•主动性原则。

自我管理的目标应该是由自己主动设定的,而不是由别人来规定的。

•连贯性原则。

自我管理的目标应该与个人和公司的长期战略和价值观相一致,能够形成连贯的整体。

•可控性原则。

自我管理的目标应该能够被管理者所控制,能够根据不同情况进行调整和优化。

三、时间管理时间是管理者最宝贵的资源。

时间管理可以帮助我们最大限度地利用时间,提高效率和效益。

时间管理应遵循以下原则:•优先级原则。

管理者应该根据任务的重要性和紧急性来设置优先级,优先做重要且紧急的任务。

•集中力原则。

管理者应该在有精力和清醒头脑的时候,把注意力集中在重要的任务上,避免分散和浪费时间。

•批量原则。

管理者应该把类似的任务放在一起处理,达到批量处理的效果,提高效率。

四、人际关系管理者的工作涉及到各种各样的人员关系,如上级、下属、同事、客户等。

良好的人际关系是管理者成功的重要保障。

管理者需要掌握人际交往的基本技巧,包括:•首尾一致。

管理者需要保持言行一致,遵守承诺和诚信原则。

•倾听和沟通。

管理者需要倾听他人的需求和意见,善于与他人沟通和协调,避免产生误解和冲突。

德鲁克自我管理心得体会

德鲁克自我管理心得体会

德鲁克自我管理心得体会•相关推荐德鲁克自我管理心得体会(通用17篇)当我们积累了新的体会时,就十分有必须要写一篇心得体会,这样我们可以养成良好的总结方法。

一起来学习心得体会是如何写的吧,以下是小编为大家整理的德鲁克自我管理心得体会,供大家参考借鉴,希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

德鲁克自我管理心得体会篇1第一次接触到了德鲁克,也第一次接触了他的管理理论,他被称为大师中的大师。

在参加培训以前我总觉得管理离我很遥远,,我只要恪尽职守,做好自己的工作就可以了。

近期利用业余时间,我开始阅读德鲁克的《德鲁克论管理》,虽然还没有全面学习,但对自我管理有了一定的了解,也有了一点心得。

首先我了解了什么是管理者。

德鲁克认为的管理者不是我们理解的领导,比如行长、处长,只要是知识型的工作者都是管理者。

这在很大程度上扩大了管理者的范围。

我们农行的绝大多数员工都是知识性的管理者。

其次了解了管理首先不是管理他人而是管理自己,即自我管理。

其实“认识你自己”是一个古老的哲学命题,在希腊古城的阿波罗神殿上就刻有“人呀,认识你自己”。

大家都知道认识别人容易,认识自己比较难,正确的认识自己就更难。

现在科技日新月异,信息充斥世界的情况下,我们越来越崇拜技术,追逐利益,对自己认识的时间越来越少。

德鲁克认为管理他人的前提是管好自己,管好自己的前提是正确的认识自己。

德鲁克用浅显的方式提出一系列问题来使我们不断思考,比如我的优势是什么?怎样才能发现自己的优势?我该做什么贡献?我能做什么贡献等。

第三、是不能忽略了解自己的优势。

我们总觉得认识自我的时候最容易的是了解自己的优势,不能正确的评价自己的劣势。

通常的观点是我们为了获得更大的成功或是谋求更大的发展需要花更多的精力来改善自己的不足。

德鲁克却认为人们经常把自己的劣势搞错。

也就是说我们平时经常会犯这样的错误,就是不断学习自己并不擅长的东西,而忽略了我们的优势。

我们应该更过的关注自己有什么优势,因为我们无法通过自己无法胜任的事情来取得绩效。

德鲁克谈自我管理

德鲁克谈自我管理

德鲁克谈自我管理知识经济中,成功属于那些善于自我管理的人。

现代管理学之父彼得·德鲁克在1999年5月出版的《21世纪的管理挑战》一书中,提出了自我管理的步骤如下:①了解自身的长处。

发现自身长处的唯一途径是反馈分析(Feedback Anal ysis)。

每当你作出一个重大决定或者采取一项重大行动时,写下你预期将发生什么。

9至12个月后,将实际结果与你的预期进行比较。

只要持之以恒,这种简单的方法能在相当短的时间内(或许两三年)向你显示你的长处和短处。

反馈分析给你行动上的启示是:首先,专注于你的长处;其次,不断改善你的长处,获得新技能;第三,发现你知识上的愚昧无知,并加以克服,而不是自欺欺人。

纠正你的缺乏礼貌和妨碍你的效能和业绩的坏习惯。

②懂得自己该如何表现。

应该了解的第一个要点是,你是一个照本宣科者,还是一个善于倾听者。

第二个要点是,了解自己应该如何进行学习。

学习的方式很多,以自己擅长的方式进行学习。

另外,了解自己是一个与人共事者还是独来独往者。

试图改变自己是不大可能获得成功的。

应该努力改善自己的表现方式。

③了解自己的价值观念。

这不是一个道德准则问题,而是一个“镜像检验”问题,即每天早晨你在镜子中希望看到什么类型的人。

你的价值观念与一个组织的价值观念相冲突,那么,你在这个组织中工作要么遭受挫折,要么碌碌无为。

有时一个人的价值观念与其长处之间存在冲突,但价值观念是最终的检验。

④了解自己的归属。

成功的事业不是靠计划实现的。

一旦人们对机会有所准备,成功的事业就开始发展,因为他们知道自己的长处、自己的工作方法和自己的价值观念。

知道一个人的归属是什么,这能使一个普通人变成一个成绩出众的人。

⑤了解自己应该贡献什么。

回答这个问题,必须处理好三个不同的要素,即形势需要什么?鉴于自己的长处,表现方式和价值观念,怎样才能对需要做的事作出最大贡献?最后,为了发挥影响,必须实现什么结果?由此得出的行动方针将是:做什么,在何处以及如何开始做,确立什么目标和最后期限。

管理大师德鲁克名言

管理大师德鲁克名言

管理大师德鲁克名言1、管理能量,而非时间,能量来自身体、思想、精神、情绪。

2、为了控制自己的绩效,管理者单单了解自己的目标还不够,还必须有能力针对目标,衡量自己的绩效和成果。

3、智力、想像力及知识,都是我们重要的资源。

但是,资源本身所能达成的是有限的,惟有“有效性”才能将这些资源转化为成果。

4、作为一个领导者,他只有一个选择,就是去领导,或者去误导。

5、没有组织就没有管理,而没有管理也就没有组织。

管理**是现代组织的特殊器官,正是依靠这种器官的活动,才有职能的执行和组织的生存。

6、管理者需要的是一套判断标准,使他能做真正重要的事情,那就是有贡献的有成效的事。

7、要提高管理者的有效性,第一步就是记录其时间耗用的实际情形。

8、用人所长是卓有成效的管理者必须具备的一种素质,是一个组织工作是否有效的关键,也是知识工作者和社会不可或缺的素质。

9、单一产品的生产系统可能采取中央集权的管理方式,需要由高层来协调不同的**。

10、未来的文盲将是那些没有知识和不会更新知识的人。

成年人被淘汰的最主要原因是学习能力下降。

11、卓有成效的管理者与其他人最大区别就在于,他们对时间十分爱惜。

12、有所成就的人,都从最重要的事情做起。

而且,一次只做一件事情。

13、我们必须学会这么一种建立组织的方式:若某人在某一重要领域具有一技之长,就要让他充分发挥这一特长。

14、管理者的工作必须卓有成效。

15、当今企业间的竞争不是产品间的竞争,而是商业模式之间的竞争。

16、有效管理者的自我发展,是组织发展的关键所在。

17、管理的对象是人。

管理的任务是让人们能够合作,发挥他们的长处,使他们的短处无关紧要。

18、管理是正确地做事,领导则是做正确的事。

19、组织使平凡的人做不平凡的事情。

20、专注于你的长处,把自己放到那些能发挥长处的地方。

应该尽量少把精力浪费在那些不能胜任的领域上,因为从无能到平庸要比从一流到卓越需要人们付出多得多的努力。

21、世界上最没有效率的事情,就是以最高的效率去做一件根本不值得做的事情。

彼得德鲁克管理自己

彼得德鲁克管理自己

彼得·德鲁克:管理自己我们生活的这个时代充满着亘古未有的时机:假如你有壮心,又不乏智慧,那么不论你从哪处起步,你都能够沿着自己所选择的道路登上事业的巅峰。

可是,有了时机,也就有了责任。

今日的公司其实不怎么管员工的职业发展;实质上,知识工作者一定成为自己的首席履行官。

你应当在公司中开拓自己的天地,知道何时改变发展道路,并在可能长达50 年的职业生涯中不停努力、干出实绩。

要做好这些事情,你第一要对自己有深刻的认识——不单清楚自己的优点和弊端,也知道自己是如何学习新知识和与他人共事的,并且还理解自己的价值观是什么、自己又能在哪些方面做出最大贡献。

因为只有当全部工作都从自己的优点着眼,你才能真实做到卓尔不群。

历史上的伟人——拿破仑、达芬奇、莫扎特——都很善于自我管理。

这在很大程度上也是他们成为伟人的原由。

可是,他们属于屈指可数的奇才,不只有着不同于常人的天资,并且天生就会管理自己,因此才获得了不同于常人的成就。

而我们中间的大多半人,甚至包含那些还算有点天赋的人,都不得不经过学习来掌握自我管理的技巧。

我们一定学会自我发展,一定知道把自己放在什么样的地点上,才能做出最大的贡献,并且还一定在长达50 年的职业生涯中保持着高度的警备和投入——也就是说,我们得悉道自己应当何时换工作,以及该怎么换。

我的优点是什么多半人都认为他们知道自己善于什么。

其实不然,更多的状况是,人们只知道自己不善于什么——即即是在这一点上,人们也常常认识不清。

但是,一个人要有所作为,只好靠发挥自己的优点,而假如从事自己不太善于的工作是没法获得成就的,更不用说那些自己根本干不了的事情了。

从前的人没有什么必需去认识自己的优点,因为一个人的出身就决定了他一世的地位和职业:农民的儿子也会当农民,工匠的女儿会嫁给另一个工匠等。

但是,此刻人们有了选择。

我们需要知音所长,才能知音所属。

要发现自己的优点,独一门路就是回馈剖析法(feedback analysis)。

跟德鲁克学管理掌握自己的时间

跟德鲁克学管理掌握自己的时间

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【免费下载】德鲁克管理自己

【免费下载】德鲁克管理自己

德鲁克《管理自己》前言本文是《哈佛商业评论》创刊以来重印次数最多的文章之一。

作者彼得·德鲁克,自1971年后长期在美国加利福尼亚州克莱尔蒙特研究生大学任教。

该文首次发表于1999年,节选自其著作《21世纪的管理挑战》,有删节。

主要观点非常简单:知道自己擅长什么,努力扬长避短。

确定自己接收信息和沟通的主要方式是听还是看,自己是读者型还是听者型。

我如何学习新东西?我的价值观(偏好体系)是怎样的?向往自由还是循规守矩?团队还是单打独斗?我在哪里呆的最惬意最享受?我应该在哪些方面/领域做出较大成就?是不是应该建立业余爱好来丰富自己的生活?真心应该好好阅读本文,就是这些非常简单的原则和思考塑造了我们短短的一生,是有所成就还是碌碌无为。

几年前我第一次读到本文的英文版时,激动不已。

第二天到公司打印出来带回家又细细读了一遍。

希望你同一样认同本文的价值。

我甚至认为,这些东西早应该教给每一个人(牛人们的思考方式和人生规划哲学),这样每个人的潜能才会更大地释放出来,造福社会,成就自己。

——————————————丹华我们生活的这个时代充满着前所未有的机会:如果你有雄心,又不乏智慧,那么不管你从何处起步,你都可以沿着自己所选择的道路登上事业的顶峰。

不过,有了机会,也就有了责任。

今天的公司并不怎么管员工的职业发展;实际上,知识工作者必须成为自己的首席执行官。

你应该在公司中开辟自己的天地,知道何时改变发展道路,并在可能长达50年的职业生涯中不断努力、干出实绩。

要做好这些事情,你首先要对自己有深刻的认识——不仅清楚自己的优点和缺点,也知道自己是怎样学习新知识和与别人共事的,并且还明白自己的价值观是什么、自己又能在哪些方面做出最大贡献。

因为只有当所有工作都从自己的长处着眼,你才能真正做到卓尔不群。

历史上的伟人——拿破仑、达芬奇、莫扎特——都很善于自我管理。

这在很大程度上也是他们成为伟人的原因。

不过,他们属于不可多得的奇才,不但有着不同于常人的天资,而且天生就会管理自己,因而才取得了不同于常人的成就。

彼得德鲁克经典 管理自己

彼得德鲁克经典 管理自己

Managing OneselfPeter F. Drucker*Success in the knowledge economy comes to those who know themselves – their strengths, their values, and how they best perform.We live in an age of unprecedented opportunity: If you’ve got ambition and smarts, you can rise to the top of your chosen profession, regardless of where you started out.But with opportunity comes responsibility. Companies today aren’t managing their employees’ careers; knowledge workers must, effectively, be their own chief executive officers. It’s up to you to carve out your place, to know when to change course, and to keep yourself engaged and productive during a work life that may span some 50 years. To do those things well, you’ll need to cultivate a deep understanding of yourself – not only what your strengths and weakness are but also how you learn, how you work with others, what your values are, and where you can make the greatest contribution. Because only when you operate from strengths can you achieve true excellence.History’s great achievers – a Napoleon, a da Vinci, a Mozart—have always managed themselves. That, in large measure, is what makes them great achievers. But they are rare exceptions, so unusual both in their talents and their accomplishments as to be considered outside the boundaries of ordinary human existence. Now, most of us, even those of us with modest endowments, will have to learn to manage ourselves. We will have to learn to develop ourselves. We will have to place ourselves where we can make the greatest contribution. And we will have to stay mentally alert and engaged during a 50 –year working life, which means knowing how and when to change the work we do. What Are My Strengths?Most people think they know what they are good at. They are usually wrong. More often, people know what they are not good at – and even then more people are wrong than right. And yet, a person can perform only from strength. One cannot build performance on weaknesses, let alone on something one cannot do at all.Throughout history, people had little need to know their strengths. A person wan born into a position and a line of work. The peasant’s son would also be a peasant; the artisan’s daughter, an artisan’s wife; and so on. But now people have choices. We need to know our strengths in order to know where we belong.*Peter F.Drucker is the Marie Rankin Clarke Professor of Social Science and Management (Emeritus) at Claremont Graduate University in Claremont, California. This article is an excerpt from his book Management Challenges for the 21st Century (Harper Collins, 1999).Source: Harvard Business Review, January, 2005.The only way to discover your strengths is through feedback analysis. Whenever you make a key decision or take a key action, write down what you expect will happen. Nine or 12 months later, compare the actual results with your expectations. I have been practicing this method for 15 to 20 years now, and every time I do it, I am surprised. The feedback analysis showed me, for instance – and to my great surprise – I have an intuitive understanding of technical people, whether they are engineers or accountants or market researchers. It also showed me that I don’t really resonate with generalists.Feedback analysis is by no means new. It was invented sometime in the fourteenth century by an otherwise totally obscure German theologian and picked up quite independently, some 150 years later, by John Calvin and Ignatius of Loyola, each of whom incorporated it into the practice of his followers. In fact, the steadfast focus on performance and results that this habit produces explains why the institutions these two men founded, the Calvinist church and the Jesuit order, came to dominate Europe within 30 years.Practiced consistently, this simple method will show you within a fairly short period of time, may be two or three years, where your strengths lie – and this is the most important thing to know. The method will show you what your are doing or failing to do that deprives you of the full benefits of your strengths. It will show you where you are not particularly competent. And finally, it will show you where you have no strengths and cannot perform.Several implications for action follow from feedback analysis. First and foremost, concentrate on your strengths. Put yourself where your strengths can produce results.Second, work on improving your strengths. Analysis will rapidly show where you need to improve skills or acquire new ones. It will also show the gaps in your knowledge – and those can usually be filled. Mathematicians are born, but everyone can learn trigonometry.Third, discover where your intellectual arrogance is causing disabling ignorance and overcome it. Far too many people – especially people with great expertise in one area – are contemptuous of knowledge in other areas or believe that being bright is a substitute for knowledge. First-rate engineers, for instance, tend to take pride in not knowing anything about people. Human beings, they believe, are much too disorderly for the good engineering mind. Human resources professionals, by contrast, often pride themselves on their ignorance of elementary accounting or of quantitative methods altogether. But taking pride in such ignorance is self-defeating. Go to work on acquiring the skills and knowledge you need to fully realize your strengths.It is equally essential to remedy your bad habits - the things you do or fail to do that inhibit your effectiveness and performance. Such habits will quickly show up in the feedback. For example, a planner may find that his beautiful plans fail because he does not follow through on them. Like so many brilliant people, he believes that ideas move mountain. But bulldozers move mountains; ideas show where the bulldozers should go towork. This planner will have to learn that the work does not stop when the plan is completed. He must find people to carry out the plan and explain it to them. He must adapt and change it as he puts it into action. And finally, he must decide when to stop pushing the plan.At the same time, feedback will also reveal when the problem is a lack of manners. Manners are the lubricating oil of an organization. It is a law of nature that two moving bodies in contact with each other create friction. This is as true for human beings as it is for inanimate objects. Manners – simple things like says “please” and “thank you” and knowing a person’s name or asking after her family – enable two people to work together whether they like each other or not. Bright people, especially bright young people, often do not understand this. If analysis shows that someone’s brilliant work fails again and again as soon as cooperation from others is required, it probably indicates a lack of courtesy –that is, a lack of manners.Comparing your expectations with your results also indicates what not to do. We all have a vast number of areas in which we have no talent or skill and little chance of becoming even mediocre. In those areas a person – and especially a knowledge worker – should not take on work, jobs, and assignments. One should waste as little effort as possible on improving areas of low competence. It takes far more energy and work to improve from incompetence to mediocrity than it taken to improve from first-rate performance to excellence. And yet most people – especially most teachers and most organizations – concentrate on making incompetent performers into mediocre ones. Energy, resources, and time should go instead to making a competent person into a star performer.It takes far more energy to improve from incompetence tomediocrity than to improve from first-rate performanceto excellence.How Do I Perform?Amazingly few people know how they get things done. Indeed, most of us do not even know that different people work and perform differently. Too many people work in ways that are not their ways, and that almost guarantees nonperformance. For knowledge workers, How do I perform? May be an even more important question than What are my strengths?Like one’s strengths, how one performs is unique. It is a matter of personality. Whether personality be a matter of nature or nurture, it surely is formed long before a person goes to work. And how a person performs is a given, just as what a person is good at or not good at is a given. A person’s way of performing can be modified, but it is unlikely to be completely changed – and certainly not easily. Just as people achieve results by doing what they are good at, they also achieve results by working in ways that they best perform. A few common personality traits usually determine how a person performs.Am I a reader or a listener? The first thing to know is whether you are a reader or a listener. Far too few people even know that there are readers and listeners and that people are rarely both. Even fewer know which of the two they themselves are. But some examples will show how damaging such ignorance can be.When Dwight Eisenhower was Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in Europe, he was the darling of the press. His press conferences were famous for their style—General Eisenhower showed total command of whatever question he was asked, and he was able to describe a situation and explain a policy in two or three beautifully polished and elegant sentences. Ten years later, the same journalists who had been his admirers held President Eisenhower in open contempt. He never addressed the questions, they complained, but rambled on endlessly about something else. And they constantly ridiculed him for butchering the King’s English in incoherent and ungrammatical answers.Eisenhower apparently did not know that he was a reader, not a listener. When he was Supreme Commander in Europe, his aides made sure that every question from the press was presented in writing at least half an hour before a conference was to begin. And then Eisenhower was in total command. When he became president, he succeeded two listeners, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Harry Truman. Both men knew themselves to be listeners and both enjoyed free-for-all press conferences. Eisenhower may have felt that he had to do what his two predecessors had done. As a result, he never even heard the questions journalists asked. And Eisenhower is not even an extreme case of a nonlistener.A few years later, Lyndon Johnson destroyed his presidency, in large measure, by not knowing that he was a listener. His predecessor, John Kennedy, was a reader who had assembled a brilliant group of writers as his assistants, making sure that they wrote to him before discussing their memos in person. Johnson kept these people on his staff – and they kept on writing. He never, apparently, understood one word of what they wrote. Yet as a senator, Johnson had been superb; for parliamentarians have to be, above all, listeners.Few listeners can be made, or can make themselves, into competent readers – and vice versa. The listener who tries to be a reader will, therefore, suffer the fate of Lyndon Johnson, whereas the reader who tries to be a listener will suffer the fate of Dwight Eisenhower. They will not perform or achieve.How Do I learn? The second thing to know about how one performs is to know how one learns. Many first-class writers – Winston Churchill is but one example – do poorly in school. They tend to remember their schooling as pure torture. Yet few of their classmates remember it the same way. They may not have enjoyed the school very much, but the worst they suffered was boredom. The explanation is that writers do not, as a rule, learn by listening and reading. They learn by writing. Because schools do nto allow them to learn this way, they get poor grades.Schools everywhere are organized on the assumptions that there is only one right way to learn and that it is the same way fro everybody. But to be forced to learn the way a school teaches is sheer hell for students who learn differently. Indeed, there are probably half a dozen different ways to learn.One spot, the same person fails. He or she knows what the decision should be but cannot accept the responsibility of actually making it.Other important questions to ask include, Do I perform well under stress, or do I need a highly structured and predicable environment? Do I work best in a big organization or a small one? Few people work well in all kinds of environments. Again and again, I have seen people who were very successful in large organizations flounder miserably when they moved into smaller ones. And the reverse is equally true.Do not try to change yourself – you are unlikely to succeed.Work to improve the way you performWhat Are My Values?To be able to manage yourself, you finally have to ask, What are my values? This is not a question of ethics. With respect to ethics, the rules are the same for everybody and the test is a simple one. I call it the “mirror test.”In the early years of this century, the most highly respected diplomat of all the great powers was the German ambassador in London. He was clearly destined for great things – to become his country’s foreign minister, at least, if not its federal chancellor.Yet in 1906 he abruptly resigned rather than preside over a dinner given by the diplomatic corps for Edward VII. The kind was a notorious womanizer and mad3e it clear what kind of dinner he wanted. The ambassador is reported to have said, “I refuse to see a pimp in the mirror in the morning when I shave.”That is the mirror test. Ethics required that you ask yourself, what kind of person do I want to see in the mirror in the morning? What is ethical behaviour in one kind of organization or situation is ethical behaviour in another. But ethics is only part of a value system – especially of an organization ‘s value system.To work in an organization whose value system is unacceptable or incompatible with one’s own condemns a person both to frustration and to nonperformance.Consider the experience of a highly successful human resources executive whose company was acquired by a bigger organization. After the acquisition, she was promoted to do the kind of work she did best, which included selecting people for important positions. The executive deeply believed that a company should hire people for suchpositions from the outside only after exhausting all the inside possibilities. But her new company believed in first looking outside “to bring in fresh blood.” There is something to be said for both approaches – in my experience, the proper one is to do some of both. They are, however, fundamentally incompatible – not as policies but as values. They bespeak different views of the relationship between organizations and people; different views of the responsibility of an organization to its people and their development; and different views of a person’s mot important contribution to. If I may, allow me to interject a personal note. Many years ago, I too had to decide between my values and what I was doing successfully. I was doing very well as a young investment banker in London in the mid-1930s, and the work clearly fit my strengths. Yet I did not see myself making a contribution as an asset manager. People, I realized, were what I valued, and I saw no point in being the richest man in the cemetery. I had no money and no other job prospects. Despite the continuing Depression, I quit – and it was the right thing to do. Values, in other words, are and should be the ultimate test.Where Do I Belong?A small number of people know very early where they belong. Mathematicians, musicians and cooks, for instance, are usually mathematicians, musicians, and cooks by the time they are four or five years old. Physicians usually decide on their careers in their teens, if not earlier. But most people, especially highly gifted people, do not really know where they belong until they are well past their mid-twenties. By that time, however,, they should know the answers to the three questions: What are my strengths? How do I perform? And, What are my values? And then they can and should decide where they belong.Or rather, they should be able to decide where they do not belong. The person who has learned that he or she does not perform well in a big organization should have learned to say no to a position in one. The person who has learned that he or she is not a decision maker should have learned to say no to a decision-making assignment. A General Patton (who probably never learned this himself) should have learned to say no to an independent command.Equally important, knowing the answer to these questions enables a person to say to an opportunity, an offer, or an assignment, “Yes, I will do that. But this is the way I should be doing it. This is the way it should be structured. This is the way the relationships should be. These are the kind of results you should expect from me, and in this time frame, because this is who I am.”Successful careers are not planned. They develop when people are prepared fro opportunities because they know their strengths, their method of work, and their values,. Knowing where one belongs can transform an ordinary person – hardworking and competent but otherwise mediocre – into an outstanding performer.What should I contribute?Throughout history, the greater majority of people never had to ask the question, What should I contribute? They were told what to contribute, and their tasks were dictated either by the work itself – as it was for the peasant or artisan – or by a master or a mistress – as it was for domestic servants. And until very recently, it was taken for granted that most people were subordinates who did as they were told. Even in the 1950s and 1960, the new knowledge workers (the so-called organization men) looked to their company’s personnel department to plan their careers.Then in the late 1960s, no one wanted to be told what to do any longer. Young men and women began to ask, What do I want to do? And what they heard was that the way to contribute was to “do you own thing.” But this solution was as wrong as the organization men’s had been. Very few of the people who believed that doing one’s own thing would lead to contribution, self-fulfillment, and success achieved any of the three.But still, there is no return to the old answer of doing what you are told or assigned to do. Knowledge workers in particular have to learn to ask a question that has not been asked before: What should my contribution be? To answer it, they must adders three distinct elements: What does the situation require? Given my strengths, my way of performing, and my values, how can I make the greatest contribution to what needs to be done? And finally, What results have to be achieved to make a difference?Consider the experience of a newly appointed hospital administrator. The hospital was big and prestigious, but it had been coasting on its reputation for 30 years. The new administrator decided that his contribution should be to establish a standard of excellence in one important area within two years. He chose to focus on the emergency room, which was big, visible, and sloppy. He decided that every patient who came into the ER had to be seen by the qualified nurse within 60 seconds. Within 12 months, the hospital’s emergency room had become a model of all hospitals in the United States, and within another two years, the whole hospital had been transformed.As this example suggests, it is rarely possible – or even particularly fruitful – to look too far ahead. A plan can usually cover no more than 18 months and still be reasonably clear and specific. So the question in most cases should be, Where and ho can I achieve results that will make a difference within the next year and a half? The answer must balance several things. First, the results should be hard to achieve—they should require “ stretching,” to use the current buzzword. But also, they should be with reach. To aim at results that cannot be achieved – or that can be only under the most unlikely circumstances—is not being ambitious; it is being foolish. Second, the results should be meaningful. They should make a difference. Finally, results should be visible and, if at all possible, measurable. From this will come a course of action: what to do, where and how to start, and what goals and deadlines to set.Responsibility for RelationshipsVery few people work by themselves and achieve results by themselves – a few great artists, a few great scientists, a few great athletes. Most people work with others and are effective with other people. That is true whether they are members of an organization or independently employed. Managing yourself requires taking responsibility for relationships. This has two parts.The first is to accept the fact that other people are as much individuals as you yourself are. They perversely insist on behaving like human beings. This means that they too have their strengths; they too have their ways of getting things done; they too have their values. To be effective, therefore, you have to know the strengths, the performance modes, and the values of your coworkers.That sounds obvious, but few people pay attention to it. Typical is the person who was trained to write reports in his or her first assignment because that boss was a reader. Even if the next boss is a listener, the person goes on writing reports that, invariably, produce no results. Invariably the boss will think the employee is stupid, incompetent, and lazy, and he or she will fail. But that could have been avoided if the employee had only looked at the new boss and analyzed how this boss performs.Bosses are neither a title on the organization chart nor a “function.” They are individuals and are entitled to do their work in the way they do it best. It is incumbent on the people who work with them to observe them, to find out how they work, and to adapt themselves to what makes their bosses most effective. This, in fact, is the secret of “managing” the boss.The same holds true for all your coworkers. Each works his or her way, not your way. And each is entitled to work in his or her way. What matters is whether they perform and what their values are. As for how they perform—each is likely to do it differently. The first secret of effectiveness is to understand the people you work with and depend on so that you can make use of their strengths, their ways of working, and their values. Working relationships are as much based on the people as they are on the work.The first secret of effectiveness is to understand the peopleyou work with so that you can make use of their strengths.The second part of relationship responsibility is taking responsibility for communication. Whenever I, or any other consultant, start to work with an organization, the first thing I hear about are all the personality conflicts. Most of these arise from the fact that people do not know what other people are doing and how they do their work, or what contribution the other people are concentrating on and what results they expect. And the reason they do not know is that they have not asked and therefore have not been told.This failure to ask reflects human stupidity less than it reflects human history. Until recently, it was unnecessary to tall any of these things to anybody. In the medieval city, everyone in a district plied the same trade. In the countryside, everyone in a valley planted the same crop as soon as the frost was out of the ground. Even those few people who did things that were not “common” worked alone, so they did not have to tell anyone what they were doing.Today the great majority of people work with others who have different tasks and responsibilities. The marketing vice president may have come out of sales and know everything about sales, but she knows nothing about the things she has never done—pricing, advertising, packaging, and the like. So the people who do these things must make sure that the marketing vice president understands what they are trying to do, why they are trying to do it, how they are going to do it, and what results to expect.If the marketing vice president does not understand what these high-grade knowledge specialists are doing, it is primarily their fault, not hers. They have not educated her. Conversely, it is the marketing vice-president’s responsibility to make sure that all of her coworkers understand how she looks at marketing: what her goals are, how she works, and what she expects of herself and of each one of them.Even people who understand the importance of taking, responsibility for relationships often to not communicate sufficiently with their associates. They are afraid of being through presumptuous or inquisitive or stupid. They are wrong. Whenever someone goes to his or her associates and says, “This is what I am good at. This is how I work. These are my values. This is the contribution I plan to concentrate on and the results I should be expected to deliver,” the response is always. “This is most helpful. But why didn’t you tell me earlier?”And one gets the same reaction—without exception, in my experience—if one continues by asking, “ And what do I need to know about your strengths, how you perform, our values, and your proposed contribution?” In fact, knowledge workers houdl request this of everyone with whom they work, whether as subordinate, superior, colleague, or team member. And again, whenever this is done, the reaction is always, “Thanks for asking me. But why didn’t you ask me earlier.Organizations are no longer built on force but on trust. The existence of trust between people does not necessarily mean that they like one another. It means that they understand one another. Taking responsibility for relationships is therefore an absolute necessity. It is a duty. Whether one is a member of the organizatino, a consultant to it, a supplier, or a distributor, one owes that responsibility to all one’s coworkers: those whose work one depends on as well as those who depend on one’s own work.The Second Half of Your LifeWhen work for most people mean manual labor, there was no need to worry about the second half of your life. You simply kept on doing what you had always done. And if you were lucky enough to survive 40 years of hard work in the mill or on the railroad, you were quite happy to spend the rest of your life doing nothing. Today, however, mot work is knowledge work, and knowledge workers are not “finished” after 40 years one the job, they are merely bored.We hear a great deal of talk about the midlife crisis of the executive. It is mostly boredom. At 45, most executives have reached the peak of their business careers, and they know it. After 20 years of doing very much the same kind of work, they are very good at their jobs. But they are not learning or contributing or deriving challenge and satisfaction from the job. And yet they are still likely to face another 20 if not 25 years of work. That is why managing oneself increasingly leads one to begin a second career. There are three ways to develop a second career. The first is actually to start one. Often this takes nothing more than moving from one kind of organization to another: the divisional controller in a large corporation, for instance, becomes the controller of a medium-sized hospital. But there are also growing numbers of people who move into different lines of work altogether: the business executives or government official who enters the ministry at 45, for instance; or the midlevel manager who leaves corporate life after 20 years to attend law school and become a small-town attorney.We will see many more second careers undertaken by people who have achieved modest success in their first jobs. Such people have substantial skills, and they know how to work. They need a community—the house is empty with the children gone—and they need income as well. But above all, they need challenge.The second way to prepare for the second half of your life is to develop a parallel career. Many people who are very successful in their first careers stay in the work they have been doing, either on a full-time or part-time or consulting basis. But in addition, they create a parallel job, usually in a nonprofit organization, that takes another ten hours of work a week. They might take over the administration of their church, for instance, or the presidency of the local Girl Scouts council. They might run the battered women’s shelter, work as a children’s librarian for the local public library, sit on the school board, and so on.Finally, there are the social entrepreneurs. These are usually people who have been very successful in their first careers. They love their work, but it no longer challenges them. In many cases they keep on doing what they have been doing all along but spend less and less of their time on it. They also start another activity, usually a nonprofit. My friend Bob Buford, for example, built a very successful television company that he still runs. But he has also founded and built a successful nonprofit organization that works with Protestant churches, and he is building another to teach social entrepreneurs how to manage their own nonprofit ventures while still running their original businesses.。

德鲁克自我管理

德鲁克自我管理

德鲁克自我管理-标准化文件发布号:(9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII自我管理——德鲁克七项启示自我管理——德鲁克七项启示第一章:自我管理的定义与意义及其内容★定义:学习自我负责、自我操练、自我启迪、自我控制以至于自我更新,使自己变得成熟、干练、开放、宽容,进而整合运用资源。

★意义:将原有的专业知识和技能通过卓有成效的自我管理,获得更高的效能,完成以前不可能完成的任务,这是自我管理的最终目的。

★内容:事务管理,行为管理,发展性管理。

★发展性管理:个人智慧品级与生命品质的提升,包含价值观体系化、心智模式修正、习惯养成、目标设定等内容。

第二章:德鲁克其人★为何要通过了解德鲁克而进行自我管理的学习?作为现代管理学的开创者,德鲁克的思想体系和观点对我们形成有系统、有效率的自我管理具有启示性的作用。

通过了解其人生中的七个片段,我们可以形成一套行之有效的自我管理方式。

★德鲁克,现代管理学开创者,首次提出了“组织”的概念和目标管理;率先对“知识经济”进行阐释;率先提出“知识工作者”的概念;著有《公司的概念》、《经济人的末日:论极权主义的根源》、《工业人的未来》、《生态愿景》等四十余部著作。

第三章:德鲁克:其思想体系与观点★思想体系与观点:①保守的基督教信仰,尊重人的尊严、自由与价值;②深受存在主义大师祈克果的影响,关注个体与组织间的关系。

★自我管理的基础:①个体的价值观体系;②个体的价值与尊严、自由;③与被造物(他人、物质、组织)的张力;④与造物主(绝对法则)的“我-你”关系。

★论自我管理:知识工作者必须“自我管理”,让自己适才适用,并作出最大的贡献,也必须学会“自我发展”。

在工作生涯中保持年轻和活力,且因应变迁而改变自己做事的内容、品质、方式和时机。

第四章:启示之一——完美★德鲁克在十八岁时被威尔第的歌剧所深深震撼,威尔第的话“我努力追求完美,有责任再试一次”对德鲁克一声影响至为深远。

彼得德鲁克 自我管理 一

彼得德鲁克   自我管理 一

彼得德鲁克自我管理一彼得德鲁克自我管理一彼得德鲁克---自我管理《哈佛商业评论》2005年1月我们活在最有机会的时代:只要有抱负、有才智,不论出身,都能在自己选择的事业领域登上巅峰。

不过,责任也跟着机会而来。

现在,企业不会过问员工的职场生涯;身为知识工作者,必须当自己的老板。

你必须自行决定要在何处安身立命。

知道何时该换跑道,让自己在可能长达五十年的职场生涯中,都努力投入工作,保持生产力。

要做好这些事情,你必须深刻了解自己:不仅要认清自己的长、短处,也要知道自己如何学习、如何与别人共事、价值观为何、在哪里能做出最大贡献。

因为唯有善用自己所长,才能真正达到卓越的境界。

历史上成就不凡的人物,如拿破仑、达文西、莫扎特之类的人物,都很懂得自我管理,也因此才能有伟大的成就。

不过在大家眼中,他们毕竟属于罕见的非凡人物,才华与成就都非比寻常,凡夫俗子自认无法企及。

但现在,大多数人也必须像那些非凡人物一样学习自我管理,即使天资平庸的人也应该如此。

我们必须懂得如何开发自我,把自己放在能作最大贡献的位置。

在可能长达五十年的工作生涯中,我们必须保持警觉与专注的心态,也就是说,知道怎样转换自己的工作,还有何时转换。

第1问:我的长处是…大多数人都自认了解自己的长处,结果往往是误解。

自认了解自己短处的人更多,但也多半是误解。

问题是,唯有发挥长处,才会有优秀的表现,靠短外不可能展现绩效,若是靠自己一窃不通的项目,更不可能成功。

从前,一般人几乎没有必要了解自己有什么长处,因为在出生时,每个人的地位与职业就已经注定。

农民的儿子还是农民,工匠的女儿将来也是会嫁给工匠。

不过现代人可以选择,所以我们必须了解自己的长处,才能找到发挥的空间。

发现自己长处的唯一方法,就是进行回馈分析。

每当你作了重大决策或行动时,记下你预期会发生的情况,等9到12个月后,再把实际结果与你原先的预测相对比。

我用这个方法已经有15到20年了,每次结果都出乎我意料之外。

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德鲁克:管理自己管理自己——彼得·德鲁克本文是《哈佛商业评论》创刊以来重印次数最多的文章之一。

作者彼得·德鲁克,自1971年后长期在美国加利福尼亚州克莱尔蒙特研究生大学任教。

该文首次发表于1999年,节选自其著作《21世纪的管理挑战》(Management Challenges for the 21st Century,HarperCollins出版社,1999)。

本文有删节。

我们生活的这个时代充满着前所未有的机会:如果你有雄心,又不乏智慧,那么不管你从何处起步,你都可以沿着自己所选择的道路登上事业的顶峰。

不过,有了机会,也就有了责任。

今天的公司并不怎么管员工的职业发展;实际上,知识工作者必须成为自己的首席执行官。

你应该在公司中开辟自己的天地,知道何时改变发展道路,并在可能长达50年的职业生涯中不断努力、干出实绩。

要做好这些事情,你首先要对自己有深刻的认识——不仅清楚自己的优点和缺点,也知道自己是怎样学习新知识和与别人共事的,并且还明白自己的价值观是什么、自己又能在哪些方面做出最大贡献。

因为只有当所有工作都从自己的长处着眼,你才能真正做到卓尔不群。

历史上的伟人——拿破仑、达芬奇、莫扎特——都很善于自我管理。

这在很大程度上也是他们成为伟人的原因。

不过,他们属于不可多得的奇才,不但有着不同于常人的天资,而且天生就会管理自己,因而才取得了不同于常人的成就。

而我们当中的大多数人,甚至包括那些还算有点天赋的人,都不得不通过学习来掌握自我管理的技巧。

我们必须学会自我发展,必须知道把自己放在什么样的位置上,才能做出最大的贡献,而且还必须在长达50年的职业生涯中保持着高度的警觉和投入——也就是说,我们得知道自己应该何时换工作,以及该怎么换。

○ 我的长处是什么多数人都以为他们知道自己擅长什么。

其实不然,更多的情况是,人们只知道自己不擅长什么——即便是在这一点上,人们也往往认识不清。

然而,一个人要有所作为,只能靠发挥自己的长处,而如果从事自己不太擅长的工作是无法取得成就的,更不用说那些自己根本干不了的事情了。

以前的人没有什么必要去了解自己的长处,因为一个人的出身就决定了他一生的地位和职业:农民的儿子也会当农民,工匠的女儿会嫁给另一个工匠等。

但是,现在人们有了选择。

我们需要知己所长,才能知己所属。

要发现自己的长处,唯一途径就是回馈分析法(feedback analysis)。

每当做出重要决定或采取重要行动时,你都可以事先记录下自己对结果的预期。

9到 12个月后,再将实际结果与自己的预期比较。

我本人采用这种方法已有15到20年了,而每次使用都有意外的收获。

比如,回馈分析法使我看到,我对专业技术人员,不管是工程师、会计师还是市场研究人员,都容易从直觉上去理解他们。

这令我大感意外。

它还使我看到,我其实与那些涉猎广泛的通才没有什么共鸣。

回馈分析法并不是什么新鲜的东西。

早在14世纪,这种方法由一个原本会永远默默无闻的德国神学家发明,大约150年后被法国神学家约翰·加尔文和西班牙神学家圣依纳爵分别采用。

他们都把这种方法用于其信徒的修行。

事实上,回馈分析法使他们的信徒养成了一种始终注重实际表现和结果的习惯,这也是他们创立的教派——加尔文教会和耶稣会——能够主宰欧洲长达30年的原因。

我们只要持之以恒地运用这个简单的方法,就能在较短的时间内(可能两三年),发现自己的长处——这是你需要知道的最重要的事情。

在采用这种方法之后,你就能知道,自己正在做(或没有做)的哪些事情会让你的长处无法发挥出来。

同时,你也将看到自己在哪些方面能力不是特别强。

最后,你还将了解到自己在哪些方面完全不擅长,做不出成绩来。

根据回馈分析的启示,你需要在几方面采取行动。

首先最重要的是,专注于你的长处,把自己放到那些能发挥长处的地方。

其次,加强你的长处。

回馈分析会迅速地显示,你在哪些方面需要改善自己的技能或学习新技能。

它还将显示你在知识上的差距——这些差距通常都可以弥补。

数学家是天生的,但是人人都能学习三角学。

第三,发现任何由于恃才傲物而造成的偏见和无知,并且加以克服。

有太多的人,尤其是那些术业有专攻的人,往往对其他领域的知识不屑一顾,或者认为聪明的头脑就可取代知识。

比如,很多一流的工程师遇上与人相关的事就束手无策,他们还以此为荣——因为他们觉得,对条理清晰的工程师头脑来说,人太混乱无序了。

与此形成鲜明对照的是,人力资源方面的专业人员常常以他们连基本的会计知识或数量分析都一无所知而自傲。

不过,人们要是对这样的无知还沾沾自喜的话,那无异于自取灭亡。

其实,要让自己的长处得到充分发挥,你就应该努力学习新技能、汲取新知识。

另外一点也同样重要——纠正你的不良习惯。

所谓不良习惯,是指那些会影响你的工作成效和工作表现的事情。

这样的习惯能很快地在回馈中反映出来。

例如,一位企划人员可能发现自己美妙的计划最终落空,原因是他没有把计划贯彻到底。

同那些才华横溢的人一样,他也相信好的创意能够移动大山。

但是,真正移山的是推土机,创意只不过是为推土机指引方向,让它知道该到何处掘土。

这位企划人员必须意识到不是计划做好就大功告成,接下来还得找人执行计划,并向他们解释计划,在付诸行动前须做出及时的调整和修改,最后要决定何时中止计划。

与此同时,回馈还会反映出哪些问题是由缺乏礼貌造成的。

礼貌是一个组织的润滑剂。

两个移动物相互接触时发生摩擦是一个自然规律,不仅无生命的物体是这样,人类也是如此。

礼貌,其实也很简单,无非是说声“请”和“谢谢”,记住别人的名字,或问候对方家人这样的小事,但就是这种不起眼的细节,使得两个人能够融洽相处,不管他们彼此之间是否有好感。

许多聪明人,尤其是聪明的年轻人,没有意识到这一点。

如果回馈分析表明某个人只要一遇到需要别人合作的事就屡屡失败,那么很可能就意味着这个人的举止不大得体——也就是缺乏礼貌。

把预期和实际结果进行比较,也会发现自己不能做什么。

我们每个人都有许多一窍不通、毫无天分的领域,在这些领域我们甚至连平庸的水平都达不到。

人们,尤其是知识工作者,就不应该试图去完成这些领域的工作和任务。

他们应该尽量少把精力浪费在那些不能胜任的领域上,因为从无能到平庸要比从一流到卓越需要人们付出多得多的努力。

然而,大多数人,尤其是教师,还有组织,都一门心思要把能力低下的人变成合格者。

其实,他们还不如把精力、资源和时间花在将称职者培养成佼佼者上。

○ 我的工作方式是怎样的令人惊讶的是,很少有人知道自己平时是怎样把事情给做成的。

实际上,我们当中的大多数人甚至不知道不同人有着不同的工作方式和表现。

许多人不是以他们习惯的方式工作,这当然就容易造成无所作为。

对于知识工作者来说,“我的工作方式是怎样的?”可能比“我的长处是什么?”这个问题更加重要。

同一个人的长处一样,一个人的工作方式也是独一无二的。

这由人的个性决定。

不管个性是先天决定的,还是后天培养的,它肯定是早在一个人进入职场前就形成了。

正如一个人擅长什么、不擅长什么是既定的一样,一个人的工作方式也基本固定,它可以略微有所调整,但是不可能完全改变——当然也不会轻易改变。

而且就像人们从事自己最拿手的工作容易做出成绩一样,他们要是采取了自己最擅长的工作方式也容易取得成就。

通常,几个常见的个性特征就决定了一个人的工作方式。

我属于读者型,还是听者型?首先,你要搞清楚的是,你是读者型(习惯阅读信息)还是听者型(习惯听取信息)的人。

绝大多数人甚至都不知道还有读者型和听者型之说,而且很少有人既是读者型又是听者型。

知道自己属于哪种类型的人更少。

但是,有一些例子说明了这样的无知可能造成多大的危害。

德怀特·艾森豪威尔担任欧洲盟军最高统帅时,一直是新闻媒体的宠儿。

他的记者招待会以其独特的风格出名——不管记者提出什么问题,艾森豪威尔将军都从容地对答如流。

无论是介绍情况,还是解释政策,他都能够用两三句言简意赅的话就说清楚。

十年后,艾森豪威尔当上了总统,当年曾对他十分崇拜的同一批记者,这时却公开瞧不起他。

他们抱怨说,他从不正面回答问题,而是喋喋不休地胡侃着其他事情。

他们总是嘲笑他回答问题时语无伦次,不合乎语法,糟蹋标准英语。

艾森豪威尔显然不知道自己属于读者型,而不是听者型。

当他担任欧洲盟军最高统帅时,他的助手设法确保媒体提出的每一个问题至少在记者招待会开始前半小时以书面形式提交。

这样,艾森豪威尔就完全掌握了记者提出的问题。

而当他就任总统时,他的两个前任都是听者型——富兰克林·罗斯福和哈里·杜鲁门。

这两位总统知道自己是听者型的,并且都喜欢举行畅所欲言的记者招待会。

艾森豪威尔可能认为他必须去做两位前任所做的事。

可是,他甚至连记者们在问些什么都从来没听清楚过。

而且,艾森豪威尔并不是个极端的例子。

几年后,林登·约翰逊把自己的总统职位给搞砸了,这在很大程度上是因为他不知道自己是听者型的人。

他的前任约翰·肯尼迪是个读者型的人,他搜罗了一些出色的笔杆子当他的助手,要求他们每次进行当面讨论之前务必先给他写通报。

约翰逊留下了这些人,他们则继续写通报。

可是他显然根本看不懂他们写的东西。

不过,约翰逊以前当参议员时曾经表现非凡,因为议员首先必须是听者型。

没有几个听者型的人可以通过努力变成合格的读者型——不管是主动还是被动的努力,反之亦然。

因此,试图从听者型转为读者型的人会遭受林登·约翰逊的命运,而试图从读者型转为听者型的人会遭受德怀特·艾森豪威尔的命运。

他们都不可能发挥才干或取得成就。

○ 我如何学习要了解一个人的工作方式,需要弄清的第二点是,他是如何学习的。

许多一流的笔杆子都不是好学生——温斯顿·邱吉尔就是一例。

在他们的记忆中,上学往往是十足的折磨。

然而,他们的同学有这种记忆的却很少。

他们可能在学校里得不到什么乐趣,对他们来说上学的最大痛苦是无聊。

有关这个问题的解释是,笔头好的人一般不靠听和读来学习,而靠写来学习,这已成了一种规律。

学校不让他们以这种方式学习,所以他们的成绩总是很糟糕。

所有的学校都遵循这样的办学思路:只有一种正确的学习方式,而且人人都得遵从。

但是,对学习方式跟别人不大一样的学生来说,被迫按学校教的方式来学习就是地狱。

实际上,学习大概有六七种不同的方式。

像邱吉尔这样的人靠写来学习。

还有些人以详尽的笔记来学习。

例如,贝多芬留下了许多随笔小抄,然而他说,实际上他作曲时从来不看这些随笔小抄。

当被问及他为什么还要用笔记下来时,据说他回答道:“如果我不马上写下来的话,我很快就会忘得一干二净。

如果我把它们写到小本子上,我就永远不会忘记了,也用不着再看一眼。

”有些人在实干中学习。

另一些人通过听自己讲话学习。

我认识一位公司总经理,他把一个平庸的小家族企业发展成行业领军企业。

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