2014年6月21日托福口语真题回忆
20141221托福考试口语题回顾
新托福口语考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心杨超考试日期：2014.12.21题号内容Question 1 Some schools require students to take part in community service activities after school. Which of the following volunteer activities doyou think is the best activity for students?1. planting flowers in the community;2.doing clean-ups in the garden;3. recycling wasteQuestion 2 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Young people today know more about world events than their parentsdid before.Question 3 Reading part Listening part【学校通知】：学校决定从下学期开始让orchestra的学生到当地中小学演出。
1. 给学生多一些机会锻炼；2. 可以提高学校的reputation, 引起school children学音乐的兴趣。
【学生态度】：男生表示支持，因为：1. 他们现在一学期只有一次big concert, 太少了，应该多举办活动；2. 可以帮助孩子们提高对音乐的兴趣，男生觉得孩子越早学乐器越好，因为他就是学得比较晚，虽然后面赶上了进度，但是过程很吃力。
Question: Explain the man’s opinion and why he holds that opinion. Question 4 Reading part Listening part【名词解释】：Close communication bias: 和很熟悉的人反而会有交流障碍，因为你对熟悉的人不会再去刻意解释你的习惯和习性。
20140628托福考试口语考题回顾
新托福口语考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心 沈丹萍考试日期：2014.06.28 是否重复Q1&Q3&Q4=2012.09.23CN; Q2&Q5&Q6=2008.08.09CN; 题号内容 Question 1 What will you do if you are overloaded with homework and you haveto finish it on time? Give details and examples to support yourresponse.Question 2 Do you prefer to spend your vacation in the city or in the countrysideand why? Please explain in detail.Question 3Reading part Listening part【学生写信】：There’s a proposal which suggests that the library should replace its oldfurniture. For one, doing so provides more comfortable environment for students. For another, being equipped with better furniture allows the school to attract morestudents to study here.【学生态度】：The woman holds a negative idea.1. If the study ambiance is toocomfortable, it’s easier for students to fall asleep.2. The reason why students don’t uselibrary is irrelevant with furniture. Butbecause there’re no enough socketsfor students to plug their laptops there.Question: Explain the woman’s opinion and why she holds that opinion. Question 4 Reading part Listening part【名词解释】：Frustration tolerance:When children encounter difficulties, they are likely to feel frustrated. In this case, parents should help their children to learn how to manage or toleratefrustration. Therefore, when they grow up, they will know the way to overcomedifficulties.【教授举例】： For example, the professor’s son used to build blocks when he was three orfour years old. And one day, when heintended to build a tower, the blockscollapsed and then he asked his fatherfor help. Professor rushed to his son,but he suddenly realized that it was not a good idea to help his son in such adirect way. Therefore, whenever hisson failed to build the blocks and cried for help, professor would come to him later and later deliberately. After a fewweeks, his son finally learned to buildthe tower independently.Question: 用听力的例子来解释对这个概念的理解。
托福IBT考试2014年真题2
鎵樼IBT鑰冭瘯2014骞寸湡棰?(鎬诲垎锛?20.00锛屽仛棰樻椂闂达細90鍒嗛挓)涓€銆亄{B}}SPEAKING{{/B}}(鎬婚鏁帮細0锛屽垎鏁帮細0.00)浜屻€亄{B}}Speaking Question 1{{/B}}(鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細20.00)1.Describe an activity that you plan to do in the near future. Explain why, and include reasons and details in your response.锛堝垎鏁帮細20.00锛?/div>__________________________________________________________________________________________ 姝ｇ‘绛旀锛?topic For my part, having a visit at Mongolia has been deeply kept in my mind until recently. reason 1 The main reason is that early in my childhood, I have dreamed of riding horses on the boundless grassland, to have an experience of living a life without boundaries, and most importantly, to see the wide horizons of that magnificent region. reason 2 Furthermore, it would not be long that my lifelong dream would come true, and crucially, I should seize the opportunity now for there would not be another chance in the future. conclusion For these two reasons I can't wait to play my travel to Mongolia!)瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>涓夈€亄{B}}Speaking Question 2{{/B}}(鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細20.00)2.Some believe taking notes is important in class while others believe that it is better to take few notes or not to take notes at all. Please explain your reasons and details in your response.锛堝垎鏁帮細20.00锛?/div>__________________________________________________________________________________________ 姝ｇ‘绛旀锛?topic As far as I'm concerned, making notes in class means wasting of time, and what you should do is listening intently to the lecturer. reason 1 Firstly, making notes is undoubtedly time consuming. The only thing it tests is your writing speed rather than your intellectual capability. In fact. we learn because we want to stimulate our minds, not to mechanically copy from what others have written down. reason 2 Secondly, learning is a course of interaction, you learn something from the teachers, and only by thinking can it become your own knowledge. So our attention should be directed towards the lecturers, and discuss with them when we meet Some questions, and the class time should be spent on understanding the materials rather than writing everything down without any thought. In the latter way, you actually don't acquire anything from the class. This is just the difference between a good student, and a great student. conclusion So I insist spend little time making notes in class.)瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>鍥涖€亄{B}}Speaking Question 3{{/B}}(鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細20.00)3.A Proposal from a StudentThe most essential dorm accessories may be the kitchen supplies. Dining halls are only open during certain hours of the day, which can be inconvenient when students need a late-afternoon snack or something to fuel an all-night study session. Therefore, a student has suggested adding a kitchen to the student dormitory, so that students would be able to cookregular meals and practice their cooking. The students could then prepare healthy food instead of relying on snacks or canned foods. There is ample room in a durra kitchen and the space should be used for right purpose.Now hear a conversation about the same topic.The man expresses his opinion of the proposal about adding kitchen to the dormitory, State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.锛堝垎鏁帮細20.00锛?/div>__________________________________________________________________________________________ 姝ｇ‘绛旀锛?opinion The man does not agree to add a kitchen to the student dormitory. reason 1 One reason is that the place of dorm room is limited if students want to have some activities after class, such as watching TV or holding theme parties, so there would be no more room left for a kitchen in the dormitory. reason 2 The other reason is that as students they are so busy with their class assignments, they don't have any time to cook at all. Besides, some of them don't have the basic cooking skills. So learning to cook from a recipe book seems rather a waste of time.)瑙ｆ瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] W: Hi, look. I think the school will be right if they follow this proposal. M: You really think so? I don't like it. Look, in the dorm room students should do all the activities except cooking, because recreational activities like holding parties, watching TV or films and etc can bring students invariably creative, inclusive and amazing fun, especially after having spent a whole day on their studies. Therefore, I believe the school should keep kitchens out of dormitories and leave more space for entertainment. W: That is true. In addition to full time study during the day, we all should have some fun and slow down. M: That's right! Our schedules are always fully packed with assignments, seminars, exams, or even part-time jobs. So making ourselves regular meals every day is something impossible for us. Also, some students don't know how to cook, and learning to cook from a recipe book will definitely consume a lot of time they would otherwise spend on their studies. W: That's right. Many students even never consider cooking in their dorm room. Eating in school's cafeteria is easy and can save them a lot of time. M: Absolutely! 浜斻€亄{B}}Speaking Question 4{{/B}}(鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細20.00)4.Animal CommunicationCommunication is a process by which meaning is shared among living creatures. Animals communicate by combining multiple signals, like movements or sounds, in order to convey meaning. Though animal species cannot speak like human beings, they rely on a combination of movements or actions to make their intentions known. Examples of these include elaborate mating rituals, territorial dances, and various calls. By analyzing the bizarre patterns of animal behaviors, we can endeavor to understand them better.Now hear a talk on the same subject.Using examples from the reading and the lecture, explain how animals communicate by combining movements or actions.锛堝垎鏁帮細20.00锛?/div>__________________________________________________________________________________________ 姝ｇ‘绛旀锛?topic (reading) The reading is on the topic of animal communication. Though animals cannot speak a language as we do, they have their own methods to express meanings, that's by a mixture of certain movements and sounds. The professor sets how his own dog acts in two different situations as an example. example 1 First, if some unpleasant noises like atruck or a lawnmower annoys him, he will immediately run toward the noise, with his ears standing up. example 2 However, when he wants to play with another dog, you'll also see his ears bristling. But in such case he also wags his tail. What he wants to means is that he is happy. So the meaning of the same motion changes with different environments owing to combining of various signals in communication..)瑙ｆ瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] M: Animal communication is simple, but sometimes one action can have two different meanings depending on the context. That's why it's important to read behaviors as a combination of signals. Let me give you an example. We all know that dogs are very expressive animals. In fact, dogs put many motions together to convey a feeling. Take my own dog as an example. Under two different circumstances he will exhibit the same behaviors. Only by taking his actions in combination can you understand what he is trying to express. My dog hates loud noises so when the garbage truck comes by our house or if our neighbors mow their lawns, his ears will stand up. In addition, he will run toward the noise and start barking. This means that he is agitated or angry. Now you might think that his ears standing up means he's angry., But his ears also stand up when he sees the neighbor's dog. This isn't because he is angry or irritated, but because he is happy. How can I tell? Well, he gets very excited and wags his tail vigorously when he wants to play with another dog. So this is an example of why we should view communication as a combination of behaviors. Sometimes, the same movements can mean two different things in two different contexts.鍏€亄{B}}Speaking Question 5{{/B}}(鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細20.00)5.The speaking discusses two possible solutions to the man's problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.锛堝垎鏁帮細20.00锛?/div>__________________________________________________________________________________________ 姝ｇ‘绛旀锛?problem The man is in a trouble of publishing his article in the school newspaper. He had planned to attach some photos to the newspaper. But soon he found that these pictures were not developed properly and he could do nothing on it. solutions The woman gives him two possible options. He can publish the article without any pictures attached to the newspaper or take the place of such photos with new ones. best solution For me, the latter one may be better. reasons Because newspapers with more colorful and meaningful images will undoubtedly interest readers. So removing the pictures from the article would make it seem so sterile. Instead, the man can replace them with some new photos since there is still one day left before the deadline.)瑙ｆ瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] W: Hello, dear. I haven't seen you since our seminar last week. How is everything going? M: I am fine. My article is about to be published on our school newspaper. W: Oh, that's great! But...you don't look very happy. What's going on? M: Some pictures I was supposed to attach to the newspaper have run into a little problem. I mean the photos developed are not clear. But the worst thing is that no one seems to know how to clean up and make them look perfect. W: Why not just publish the article without any pictures? M: No, I really can't do this because images are greatly required in order to capture students' attention to my article. Typically, younger readers like college students spend less time reading the newspaper than older readers. They would respond more favorably to interesting and informative pictures engaged in a story than to the scenario alone. So we need pictures to attract students to our newspaper. W: Yes, that makes sense to me. Magazines with more entertaining and colorful graphics usually attract a lot of young readers. So how much time is left before your article is published in the newspaper? M: I guess I have just one day left. W: Okay. Why don't you take some new pictures since youstill have some time? M: Maybe you're right! But there's only one day away from the scheduled day. Isn't it too late to take new pictures?涓冦€亄{B}}Speaking Question 6{{/B}}(鎬婚鏁帮細1锛屽垎鏁帮細20.00)ing points and examples from the talk, explain two strategies the professor gives for getting students to follow rules.锛堝垎鏁帮細20.00锛?/div>__________________________________________________________________________________________ 姝ｇ‘绛旀锛?topic The professor gives two advices on how to have students followed rules set down by a teacher. example 1 First of all, the teacher should explain the rule asclearly as he can. When the professor was teaching first grade, she forbade students to eat and drink in class. Such rule is certainly unpopular and most students contract the rule at first. However, the students began to follow it when they had known such rule was laid clown to help them focus their attention and study better through her detailed explanation. example 2 The second approach is to have the students built up a personal relationship on the rule. The professor prevented her students from cheating by having them signed a piece of paper in which they promised they would not cheat in the exam, With such paper posted in the front of the room by the teacher, the students would not even try to cheat in the exam because of their self-respect,)瑙ｆ瀽锛歔鍚姏鍘熸枃] W: Teachers have one of the toughest and most important jobs; therefore, it is critical to every nation's future to train good teachers. One key to being a good teacher is to set rules and boundaries for your students. But how do you get students to follow these rules? Here are two strategies you can employ. Firstly, it is important to explain the rule and why you are making it. Believe it or not, I used to teach at an elementary school. People don't like to be forced to do something, especially young children who think that teachers want to prevent them from having fun. So it's important to make them understand why a rule is in their best interest. Back when I was teaching first grade, I had a rule that prohibited eating or drinking in my class. In the beginning, lots of students didn't like it. But I explained that the rule was for their benefit. I didn't want them to be distracted by food during class or make a mess, which would interfere with their studies. After I told them my reasoning, my students began to follow the rule because they realized, it was for their own good. Another strategy is to make the students have a personal stake in the rule. Again, back in my elementary school days, I was very strict about cheating. But I didn't just have all the students say they will not cheat. Instead, I wrote a piece of paper saying that cheating was forbidden and made all the students sign it. I then posted it in the front of the class where everyone could see it. Because the students had made a promise using their names, their pride made it easier to uphold that promise. If they thought about cheating, they could see everyone's signatures in the front of the room and be reminded of how they should act.。
2014年5月24日托福口语真题回忆(网友版)
最权威的国际教育服务平台资料来源：教育优选 / 2014年5月24日托福口语真题回忆(网友版)口语第一题：Your friend often feels nervous when speaking in front of a large group of people. One suggestions would you give to your friend.第二题： When you take a trip, do you prefer to just look around, or do you prefer to take pictures and keep a journal?第三题： The student letter suggests that the school should allow students to drink beverages in the library. It reasons that students need coffee or tea to refresh their mind while reading in the library, and that they will do so carefully in order not to spill any drink. However, in the conversation, the girl expresses strong disagreement. She argues that first, there is a café not far away from the library. Taking a few minutes off from studying in the library and having a little walk is a good way to relax. Also, accidents do happensometimes no matter how careful you are with the beverage, so in the long run, there will be stains on the book or damage to the computer.第四题：information overload, 意思就是 amount of information exceeds p eople’s capacity to process it ，much information that people can't process it.教授给了两个例子，第一个例子就是招聘员工，第一天就收到了很多application ，没有很多时间去看这些，只有挑一些重要的information ，其余的部分有时间再看。
2014年6月21日托福全真试题
2014年6月21日托福全真试题（内地考）Reading①Climates have a lot of things to do with people’s life.The N’s tribe is one of the most obvious examples to show us how clima tes can affect people’s life.This N’s tribe used to live in the younger dry times and they lived i n a wild life style.However,climates was gonna change and it turned dry.The river and the source of water turned dry day by day with the games turned less and less.The drought made the N’s trib e difficult to find any food to make a living in a wild life style.So that people needed to invent much more precise hunting skills in order to make a living.In order to hunt more for food,they invented new tools,like the arrowhead.But they still could not get enough food so that they moved,then settled and tried to find new ways to live on.They happened to start to cultivate rye crop,and “tamped” wild rye generally.This became a new food resource for them and support them for a short period.Archaeo logists found the rye in a small village at around 11100 to 11020 B.C,which is the first man-made rye in our history.But this did not work for too long because of the growing human beings.The amount of people were growing bigger and bigger so that they could not just live on those small amount of rye.In order to solve this problem, they bronzed their scale of hunting and started to plant more grains.Even so,this still could not support their life or satisfy their demand.So they just changed from settling down back to nomadism.As a related consequence of that was the domestic rye went back to wild.The N’s tribe used to live in woodland where their ancestor lived for hundreds of years.Because of the change of the climate,the turning from humid to drought,with the process of arid of the water source,they could not make a living just in woodland.So they moved to Jordan river,where there were fertile soil and full source of water.②MetamorphosisIt is acknowledged that amphibious animals have to go through the stage of metamorphosis before they evolve into mature ones. There exists some protection actions, which are called metamorphosis, during the process of transforming into pupil from juvenile, and moreover, the process of metamorphosis always lasts for several hours or even several days. Then they will finally turn into the adult. For instance, tadpoles can evolve into frogs and larvae can evolve into butterflies, and all of these action can be assorted as the metamorphosis.The things in the nature always possess the reasonable advantages because of which they could survive in the process of natural selection. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the metamorphosis? As for the advantages, they can assign their life cycle effectively, with the consideration of different environment. But also due to the ability of doing effective plan, they have to consume a large amount of energy to support their behavior. Why do they choose this approach with such vast energy being consumed?Let us take the metamorphosis of frogs as an example. Mostly, the spawns of frogs are always born in a fierce environment, which is not suitable for their survival and development. That is why the frogs are inclined to consume most of their energy on the life cycle containing the reproduction and laying eggs stages. It is the same with the situation of the butterflies, that is to say, they also choose the stage which is considered as most significant to consume their energy.However, it is difficult for all these animals to go through this stage, since some of them will be given birth in a mild environment, in which , they possess sufficient water and food to support their life, and in addition, the climate or temperature are also suitable for their survival. In this situation, these animals will ignore the stage of metamorphosis.So with the explanation above, we can conclude the situation of possessing metamorphosis. If the juveniles of animals are born in a fierce environment, in order to survive, they have to go through metamorphosis, if not, they are likely to ignore the metamorphosis. Owing to the fact that, the environment in which these animals live in can change with the time passing by, they probably change the stage with the changing climate.③Coral reefGenerally, the coral reefs always can be assigned as three types: atoll, barrier reef and fringing reef, and all of these organisms let the sea world become a colorful one. Some scientist claim that the atoll always get together near the Indian Ocean, which contains huge lagoon. As for the barrier reef and the fringing reef, we can find them everywhere, and they are difficult to be distinguished from each other by scientist, that is why they are usually considered as the same kind.Referring to the Darwin suppose, the atoll which lives in the volcanic island can gradually transform into barrier reef with the force produced by precipitation of sea water, ultimately turning into the fringing reef. This theory not only provides an explanation to the formation of lagoons, but also clarify the reason of its existence. However, this theory cannot explain all the formation of barrier reef and fringing reef, since the natural phenomenon has various reasons and the slow process of precipitation is necessary.With the time passing by, many scientist has queried the Darwin suppose, with some evidences as well as analysis brought about, however, one specialist drilled the limestone which was more than 3000 miles deep, figuring out the atoll layer on the volcanic island, which support the Darwin suppose directly. It also attracted thousands of scientist put weights on researching it.Even though this scientist has provided us with strong evidence to support the ancient theory, we cannot easily conclude the explanation of the formation due to the complicated natural situation. If one day, specialist can collect all of the documentary of these formations, we maybe can get one conclusion and give the through explanation of this phenomenon.Considering the atoll can be found in a dense area and easy to discover as well as analyze, scientist have some significant materials for individuals. It is acknowledged that the atoll cannot form in the ocean in which the precipitation is quick and to some degree, it may be difficult for them to find the barrier reef or fringing reef.ListeningConversation 1Student: Hi professor, could I come in?Professor: Of Course. How is your preparation for the portfolio?Student: Actually this is why I am coming here today. I am here to ask you about some advice.Professor: I have seen it and I think it was quite amazing.Student: Oh thanks f or the compliment! I kind of trying to combine music and art together, you know…to create a new form. I really want to do something new.Professor: Yes I noticed it. Why don’t you keep doing research on the project you are doing now? I guess it will help y ou to apply to art schools.Student: I will, but now I am quite confused about the final paper. Can I write something about my project?Professor: Oh actually I would like you to do a summary about what we mentioned in the class. Edward Monte…Student: You mean a review?Professor: Not exactly, just a summary of his life and work.Student: That is not hard I guess.Professor: You can also write things what we discussed in the class. It is your option. I will give you some detail in the next class.Student: OK. Thank you professor. Well…back to me portfolio, do you think I need to add something?Professor: Yes, maybe more conception. You can come back when you finish it.Student：Thank You!Lecture 1The extreme Arctic climate makes the region a forbidding place to travel and a challenging place to live. Even so, people have found ways to explore and live in the Arctic. Indigenous peoples have lived in the Arctic for thousands of years. Explorers, adventurers, and researchers have also ventured into the Arctic to explore its unique environment and geography.Residents of the Arctic include a number of indigenous groups as well as more recent arrivals from more southern latitudes. In total, only about 4 million people live in the Arctic worldwide, and in most countries indigenous people make up a minority of the Arctic population.Archaeologists and anthropologists now believe that people have lived in the Arctic for as much as twenty thousand years. The Inuit in Canada and Greenland, and the Yu'pik, Iñupiat, and Athabascan in Alaska, are just a few of the groups that are native to the Arctic. Traditionally, Arctic native peoples lived primarily from hunting, fishing, herding, and gathering wild plants for food, although some people also practice farming, particularly in Greenland. Northern people found many different ways to adapt to the harsh Arctic climate, developing warm dwellings and clothing to protect them from frigid weather. They also learned how to predict the weather and navigate in boats and on sea ice. Many Arctic people now live much like their neighbors to the south, with modern homes and appliances. Nonetheless, there is an active movement among indigenous people in the Arctic to pass on traditional knowledge and skills, such as hunting, fishing, herding, and native languages, to the younger generation.Arctic people today face many changes to their homes and environment. Climate change is causing sea ice to melt and permafrost to thaw, threatening coastal villages with bigger storms and erosion. And the declining sea ice means that the Arctic Ocean could open up for commercial shipping or tourist cruises.Lecture 2The deep sea is cold, dark and under enormous pressure and the fishes that live there have adapted in strange and wonderful ways to this environment.Many deep sea creatures give out blue light, called bioluminescence, but the stoplight loosejaw is unusual as it emits red light as well. This is invisible to both its prey and its predators, and probably acts like a torch, to search out shrimps and small fishes. It may also be used to communicate with other stoplight loosejaws.The range of animals that live on the deep seabed has only recently been uncovered. They may live thousands of metres down, but they are as diverse as the inhabitants of a tropical rainforest or coral reef. Here are some of them.The oarfish has a flattened, snake-like body that grows up to almost 10m long. It has a bright red dorsal fin and a crest of long stiff rods, or fin-rays, on the top of its head.This strange and harmless fish is seen occasionally at the surface and may even be washed on to the shore. Because we see it so rarely, little is known about the oarfish's lifestyle. Its stomach contents reveal that it feeds mainly on tiny animals that drift through the water.Oarfish occasionally appear around Britain and one was caught by an angler in Yorkshire a few years ago. Sadly it was eaten before the Natural History Museum could get to it.There may be giants in the deep sea that we do not yet know about. In 1976, American scientists working in the Pacific hauled aboard a shark 4.5m long, previously unknown to science. If such a large and relatively shallow-living fish could remain totally unknown for so long then the deep ocean may still hold many surprises.Conversation 2Student：Hi, I kind of lost my ID card, I am really in a mess now. I was told that you can help me with this.Teacher: ID card? I am sorry but I think you are coming to a wrong place. You can go downstairs. They will help you.Student: Well…ehh…OK. I also lost my bike actually. I put it outside the dorm in March…I think it has been taken away by school.Teacher: Now is September. Why you wait so long to get it?Student: I just…well I have been busy… I…Teacher: I can be quite sure that we have no methods to find it anymore.Student: What? I cannot believe it. You should keep it until I get it don’t you think so?Teacher: You have to know that we don’t run warehouse here. We normally clean it every summer vacation.Student: So what could I do now? You cannot treat my stuff as garbage.Teacher: I am sorry but rules are rules.Student: I can’t believe it I…Teacher: How new is your bike?Student: It is not brand new but it was in a very good condition.Teacher: It might already belong to somebody who needs it. I am sorry but there is nothing I can do for the moment.Lecture 3Galaxies are the basic unit of cosmology. They contain stars, gas, dust and alot of dark matter. They are the only `signposts' from here to the edge of the Universe and contain the fossil clues to this earlier time.The physics of galaxy formation is complicated because it deals with the dynamics of stars, thermodynamics of gas and energy production of stars. For example, stars form from gas clouds, but new stars heat these clouds, which dissipates them and stops the formation of other stars. After recombination, density enhancements either grew or dispersed. According to our hybrid top-down/bottom-up scenario, an assortment of enhancements formed of various sizes. Small, dense ones collapsed first, large ones formed slower and fragmented as they collapsed.As the gas in the protogalaxy loses energy, its density goes up. Gas clouds form and move around in the protogalaxy on orbits. When two clouds collide, the gas is compressed into a shock front.The first stars in a galaxy form in this manner. With the production of its first photons by thermonuclear fusion, the galaxy becomes a primeval galaxy.After their formation, galaxies can still change their appearance and star formation rates by interactions with other galaxies. Galaxies orbit each on in clusters. Those orbits can sometimes cause two galaxies to pass quite close to each other to produce interesting results.Solid objects, like planets, can pass near each other with no visible effects. However, galaxies are not solid, and can undergo inelastic collisions, which means some of the energy of the collision is transferred internally to the stars and gas in each galaxy.Lecture 4Leonardo was notorious for incorporating landscapes behind his subjects in the foreground, utilizing dramatic chiaroscuro and rugged terrain, possibly as psychological cues. As the Renaissance revived the classical ideals, naturalistic elements like scenery and landscape sparked a new interest in studying Nature and its importance.Derivative of the Dutch word, idealized landscapes truly began in the Netherlands, the location of a steadily growing population of Protestants that wanted a secular option to the contemporary religious subject-matter. Aelbert Cuyp was one of the most poetic, drawing from his surroundings to paint bright and imaginative scenes. By the seventeenth century, the landscape was perfected, displaying an idealized, classical harmony where Nature was balanced and serene, evoking a classical simplicity. Landscapes were still not the highest form of painting recognized by the royal academies, but they remained popular, steadily growing in importance. Finally, late in the eighteenth century, the Academy recognized landscapes as historic and important, documenting nature as an educational study.By the late nineteenth century, some of the world’s most beloved landscapes were being painted by artists like Van Gogh and M onet, practicing the technique of en plein air, or painting outdoors. Now that pre-mixed boxed paints were readily available, the artists could travel outdoors to paint amids a more natural setting, further developing the quickly changing social customs and the idea of the weekend. The bourgeoisie could take the train to the countryside on the weekends, escaping the drab of the city. Moments like these were captured by the Impressionists and their contemporaries, documenting this new lifestyle in paintings of landscapes and social scenes. Their modern masterpieces broke ground for today’s contemporary landscape artists.Speaking1、Describe a subject of academy you enjoy learning and explain why you enjoy it.2、Do you agree or disagree: Children should help their parents with house chores when they are old enough?3、R: There is a proposal that the theater assistants should be paid and trained.L: The man holds a positive attitude towards it.1) Firstly, he says that most assistants have their main job. For example, one of his friends gave up the rehearsal because it conflicts with his boss’s job.2) Furthermore, he says the training will help the assistants work better. Some professional staffs teach the assistant how to use the equipments will also improve the quality of the play.R: The term is the subject-expectancy effective, it means that the thoughts of people will depends on what they already know.L: (The professor) Well, today we will talk about the subject-expectancy effective. I will give some examples to illustrate this term. For instance, a manager told a group of officers that they will be offered more works and they should be more concentrated on it. However, the amount of works was the same as the amount before the officers were told, the results showed that the officers work harder before they were told, just because they knew there will be more works. Another experiment is a company gave their fatigue and tired workers a kind of vitamin which can energy people up, but actually the pills are normal placebo, the results showed that the work efficient improved after works took the fake vitamin.5、The girl’s parents will come to her apartment this weekend, but her apartment is in a mess.Two suggestions, 1) The girl’s parents will arrive in the evening, but she has a chemistry meeting in the afternoon. She coul d skip that class to clean her apartment, but this class is quite important and if she skip it, she can not make it up.2) She can go back to apartment immediately after the class and clean quickly after the meeting, although the room will not be that clear, her parents will understand her. Above all, her parents know that she is a lazy girl who do not like to clean up.6、Birds migration at a long distance.1) First reason is that birds will eat enough food to store energy. For example, humming bird eat much food to store energy a few weeks before the migration, the food they eat will turn into body fat and its weight can added at least 40%2) Second reason is to take advantage of the air flow. For example, hawk can save energy by soaring-flying without flapping wings by thermals.WritingIntegrated WritingReading:Three benefits of establishing an international fund to preserve forests.Preventing agricultural damage.2) Developing forest village.3) Promoting the biodiversity.Listening:Disagree.1) The limited farm land has nothing to do with food demand, so the farmer will use more intensive farming ways, thus making harmful damage to lands.2) The money goes to real landowners and central government but not people who live in the forest village.3) Not all trees will help improve the biodiversity. For example, only signal species like robber trees and oil palm trees are in the forests which are for commercial usage. There is no positive impact on biodiversity.Independent Writing:People who cannot accept criticism from others will not be successful at working in a group.[文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意!]。
2014年雅思大作文真题汇总(经典)
2014年雅思写作( 大作文）真题汇总2014/1/9 政府类Some people think the best way to solve traffic congestions in cities is to provide free public transport 24 hours a day, 7 days a week。
To what extent do you agree or disagree？2014/1/11 就业工作类Many young people choose to change their job after few years。
Why? Do the disadvantages overweight the advantages?2014/1/18 教育类Children find it difficult to concentrate on or pay attention to school. What are the reasons？How can we solve this problem?2014/1/25 能源环境类International community should act immediately to reduce all countries consumption of fuels such as gas and oil。
To what extend do you agree or disagree？2014/2/1 社会生活类Some people believe that the best way to produce a happier society is to ensure that there are only small differences between the richest and the poorest members. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2014/2/13 政府类Some people think local governments should spend money on art projects of major cities，because these works of art （statues or painting）could make the landscape more attractive. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2014/2/15 社会生活类Some people think success in life is based on hard work and determination, but others think there are more important factors like money and appearance. Discuss both views and give your own opinion。
20140621托福考试听力考题回顾
新托福听力考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心周韵考试日期2014.06.21是否加考是场景话题内容描述考题回忆Listening 1 讲一个teaching preparation program, 男生要申请一个做老师的project, 涉及teaching schedule plan。
校工说她会综合考量申请者的素质。
男生本来觉得做老师很简单，其实不然。
在经过交谈后，男生申请拿回他最初的申请书，重写一份，校工说你要抓紧，下礼拜交。
Listening 2 讲两种北极人。
一开始老师说北极条件很恶劣，没有食物，天气也差，但有两种人还是生活下来了，一种是D 种族，一种是T种族，但是D种族最后灭绝了。
D人会盖snow house, 他们其实是用能得到的一切材料盖房子，比如动物皮，但是如果没有动物就用雪。
然后他们能用陨石里的铁做武器来捕杀动物，什么都捕，除了鲸。
老师说这种人很厉害，但学生说他们不是灭绝了吗？老师说是啊（有题）。
T人专门捕鲸，他们是从东边来的，和D人同时期出现，但他们不是导致D人灭绝的原因。
他们生活在东加拿大和格陵兰岛一带，他们学D人用陨石里的铁做spear, 也学盖雪屋，还会用雪橇拉雪橇犬。
最后老师说他们会学习别的文化，也会适应恶劣环境，所以活下来了。
Listening 3 介绍一种会发光的鱼。
老师说深海很不适合生活，不止缺乏氧气和食物，最重要的是没有光。
很多人都觉得深海这么黑，肯定都是一群瞎子鱼生活在里面。
其实不是的，很多会发光的鱼生活在里面。
一个很大的误区就是很多人都以为大部分鱼是因为细菌才发光的，确实有部分鱼是这样的，但大部分鱼都是因为体内的化学物质发光。
鱼发光有什么用？老师介绍了发光鱼有两种生存模式，一种是主动发光吸引猎物过来，还有一种是吸引predator的predator过来保护自己不被吃掉。
被动生存模式有实验验证，介绍了这个实验。
然后讲到大部分鱼都是发蓝光的，因为蓝光穿透力好，而且大部分鱼只能看到蓝光。
2014年6月英语六级真题及答案
2014年6月英语六级真题及答案全面的！请好评哦！PartI Writing ( 30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to put all your eggs in one basket. You can give examples to illustrate your point .You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise a person by their appearance. You can give examples to illustrate your point .You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to jump to conclusions upon seeing or hearing something. You can give examples to illustrate your point .You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section A Directions:In this section,you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be a pause.During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
北美托福IBT考试2014年真题1_真题无答案-交互
北美托福IBT考试2014年真题1(总分120, 做题时间90分钟)SPEAKINGSpeaking Question 1You will now be asked a question about a familiar topic. After you hear the question, you will have 15 seconds to prepare your response and 45 seconds to speak.1.Describe the most unforgettable success in your life and your feelings about it. Please include specific details in your explanation.SSS_TEXT_QUSTISpeaking Question 2You will now be asked a question about a familiar topic. After you hear the question, you will have 15 seconds to prepare your response and 45 seconds to speak.2.Some people think students should study in classrooms and others believe they should visit museums and zoos. Which do you prefer? Include reasons and details in your explanation.SSS_TEXT_QUSTISpeaking Question 3You will now read a short passage and then listen to a talk on the same topic. You will then be asked a question about them. After you hear the question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.3.A Proposal for Writing CenterWriting Center at Campion College provides all students with trained peer consultants to help them brainstorm, draft, or edit their writing. It has always been a sounding board for ideas and provides one-on-one service for students' paper writing. However, a letter from a student has currently criticized that the service is too crowded and no longer satisfies all the students requirements. Therefore, the student has suggested that the writing service should hire more tutors as well as be open to students over weekends since the current opening hours scheduled from Monday to Friday is notenough to meet students' increasing demands for writing tutoring.Now hear a conversation about the same topic.The woman expresses her opinion of the student's proposal about hiring more tutors in the writing center, state her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.SSS_TEXT_QUSTISpeaking Question 4You will now read a short passage and then listen to a talk on the same topic. You will then be asked a question about them. After you hear the question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.4.Generation EffectThe generation effect refers to the finding that information will be better remembered if it is generated rather than simply read, or we can say it is a way of committing information actively to memory. How well we retain new information depends on how actively we process it during learning. To simply read something several**mitting it to memory is not as effective as generating an answer to a question. In business, companies have found customers would remember the name of their products quickly if they generate themselves in the new information.Now hear a talk on the same subject.The professor gives an example to explain how generation effect helps customers remember the name of products. Explain how this example is related to the reading passage.SSS_TEXT_QUSTISpeaking Question 5You will now listen to a conversation. You will then be asked e question about it. After you hear the question, you will have 20 seconds to prepare your response end 60 seconds to speak.5.The speaking discusses two possible solutions to the woman's problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.SSS_TEXT_QUSTISpeaking Question 6You will now listen to part of a lecture. You will then be asked a question about it. After you hear the question, you will have 20 seconds to prepare your response and 60 Seconds to speak.6.Using points and examples from the talk, explain how the two types of ecotourism are helpful to our environment in the professor's lecture.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI1。
2014年全年托福独
2014年独立口语汇总1月12日Describe how your study habits different from others you know(Describe a good study habit of yours which is different from others)1月18日Your friend is concerned about a presentation that he has to give to the class. What advice would you give to help your friend to prepare for the presentation.2月22日Which means of transportation do you think is the most enjoyable? Bicycle, automobile or train?3月1日Describe an interesting style of clothing in your country3月2日A high school is planning to organize an after school activity for its students, what kind of activity would you recommend and why?3月15日Talk about a type of community work you want to take part in3月16日Talk about a friend that is special to you. Explain why this person is special to you.3月22日A: Which quality do you think students should have? Hard work, intelligence or self motivation.B: talk about an important friend of yours3月23日talk about an activity you would like to participate in the near future, explain your answer in details.4月12日A:How cell phones changed people’s livesB:talk about the ways internet has benefit people’s lives4月19日Talk about an important decision that you have made.Explain why this decision was important for you in details.4月27日describe a person you want to learn more about, explain why you want to know more about this person in details.5月11日talk about an activity you enjoyed doing with your family when your were a child5月17日talk about a special event you recently participated in.5月24日your friend often feels nervous when speaking in front of a large group of people. What suggestions would you like to give to this friend of yours.5月25日talk about two singers who are popular in your country. Explain why they are popular and how they are different.6月15日talk about a gift you gave to someone, and explain why you gave it to him/her.6月21日describe a subject you enjoy learning6月28日what kind of strategy do you use to handle an overwhelming important of work6月29日which of the following periods in life do you think is the hardest being a kid , ateenager or an adult7月6日talk about something you didn’t want to do, what was it? What was the result of it?7月12日describe a subject you like8月16日talk about an activity you enjoy doing with your family8月23日A: your university is going to replace paper books with electronic ones, what are the advantages and disadvantages of this plan?B:the university dinning hall is going to provide healthy food with lower calories8月30日1,your friend always shows up late for appointment. What suggestion will you give to avoid this kind of problem?9月14日talk a friend of yours and how you met this person9月21日Talk about a type of clothing that is popular in your country.9月27日A:Which of the following community service would you choose to do? Working with children, cleaning the city park or planting a campus garden.B:Describe a change that happened in your country, and how it has affected people’s life. Explain your answer in details.10月11日Which art form influence you the most?painting，poem or song?10月18日Which type of clothes do you prefer?10月26日Nowadays robots are widely used in society. What are the benefits or risks of this?11月2日Which type of film you dislike?action? romantic? science fiction?11月8日Talk about the most important characteristics of a good apartment or house. Explain your answer in details.11月9日Do you think college students should be allowed to keep pets in their dormitory？11月15日what kind of music do you like?11月23日Describe a person you want to learn more about, explain why you want to know more about this person in details.11月29日Which one of the following activities do you prefer to do by yourself rather than with a group of people?1.study 2.exercise3.shopping. Please include specific details.12月6日If you work as a volunteer at a local hospital, which work do you prefer to do: 1. Read to the patients 2. Talk with the patients 3. Take care of their friends and families.12月13日Which of the following activiti es do you think is the most beneficial for a child’s growth? Doing team sports, talking with others or traveling?12月14日Do you think it’s a good idea that some schools to require students to finish 40 hours of community service each year.12月21日Some schools require students to take part in community service activities after school. Which of the following do you think is the best activity for students? 1. Planting flowers in the community 2.Doing cleaning-ups in the garden 3. Recycling waste.12月27日University students often feel home sick when they are away from home. What do you often do to deal with home sickness?12月28日Your friend often feels afraid when speaking in front of a large group of people. What suggestions would you like to give to this friend of yours?。
6月21日雅思口语真题(网友版)
6月21日雅思口语真题(网友版)2014年6月21日雅思口语真题(网友版)：回忆1悉尼UNSW 都是好恶心的问题…趴1 职业为什么选这个专业为什么选这个学校上一次怎么过的生日周末怎么过…趴 2 一个有interesting job的人趴3 老人和小孩在你们国家怎么过生日大家都喜欢运动吗作为职员该有什么品质…只求低空飞过回忆2P1,work/study,birthday,p2good law,p3,quantification of police, international law,would it use the same in dif countries in the future?which aspect... Writing:maps/y pp changing career during working life n is it positive or negative.RMIT,Melbourne.回忆3口语刚考完，a family member & family time。
考口语的时候把自己说哭了因为说到去世的爷爷，声音有微点的颤，这样影响考试成绩么?我看到考官在part 2那打了8.5，part 3考完就让我出去了我就没看见。
回忆4621上外贸rm204 下午两点高鼻子白人大叔p1 travelling by train p2 a class p3 adult education 和我412一样一样的题是幸还是不幸!!!回忆5考场澳门，P1P2music,clothes, work or studies。
P3家中保存的有意思的object.....然后又问了许多关于museums，古代物品的意义之类的。
回忆6621 湖北大学3号楼Room10 又考了一个没准备的题目，怎么那么点背，这次不要口语拖后腿，跪求口语6回忆76月21日西安交通大学RM11 Part1:living place&favorite food&birthday Part2: a school u went to before Part3: the quality of being a teacher& why female teachers are more often seen in primary school?差不多就这些吧，攒人品求过!回忆8杭州room209，考官戴耳环，口齿不是很清楚，趴1gift问了很多，趴2foreign country you want to 趴3 travelling围绕问提前至6月15日至20日的考场回忆(重庆、杭州、天津、北京、石家庄、郑州、太原、沈阳、南京)回忆1中央广播大学room12P1 HometownP2 Family celebration，weddingP3 wedding 过去和现在的不同，谁付钱，为什么人喜欢奢华的婚礼，谁来负责婚礼琐碎的事情。