测绘专业英语_大地测量和平面测量

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测绘专业术语中英文对照

工程测量学engineering surveying测量学gematics, surveying大地水准面geoid surface平均海水面mean sea level高程elevation, height平面坐标horizontal coordinate高程基准height datum铅垂线plumb line三角高程测量trigonometric heighting水准测量direct leveling, leveling精密水准测量precise leveling水准仪level水准尺leveling staff附合水准路线link route闭合水准路线loop route水准支线open route水准网leveling Network闭合差misclosure水准点Bench Mark, or BM后视backsight前视foresight水平角horizontal angle竖直角vertical angle经纬仪theodolite光学经纬仪optical theodolite电子经纬仪electric theodolite对中centering整平leveling指标差index error水平度盘horizontal circle竖盘vertical circle视准轴line of collimation (LOC)距离测量distance measurement平距horizontal distance斜距slope distance高差height difference/difference in height 钢尺steel tape钢尺量距steel taping 视距法测距stadia tacheometry电磁波测距electromagnetic distance measurement (EDM)全站仪total station直线定向line orientation方位角azimuth象限角bearing粗差gross error, mistake, blunder or outlier系统误差systematic error偶然误差random/accidental error误差传播定律error propagation law测量（值）measurement/observation真误差true error真值true value精度指标precision indicator方差variance中误差standard deviation (SD)容许误差allowable error相对误差relative error极限误差limited error最或然值most probable value算术平均值arithmetic mean权weight测站station转点turning point控制网control network水平控制网horizontal control network高程控制网vertical control network工程控制网engineering control network控制测量control survey导线traverse导线测量traverse survey导线转折角traverse angle导线边长traverse leg坐标正算direct coordinate computation坐标反算inverse coordinate computation。

测绘专业英语翻译第二单元

Unit 2 Geodetic Surveying and Plane Surveying（大地测量与平面测量）Surveying has been traditionally defined as the art and science of determining the position ofnatural and artificial features on, above or below the earth’s surface; and representing thisinformation in analog form as a contoured map, paper plan or chart, or as figures in report tables, or in digital form as a three dimensional mathematical model stored in the computer. （测量传统定义为确定地表、地下和地上的自然与人工地貌特征；并使之按比例测绘成地形图、平面图或图表，或形成报告图表，或以数字形式形成三维立体数学模型存储进计算机。

）As such, the surveyor/geodesist dealt with the physical and mathematical aspect of measurement. （同样的，测量员/大地测量学家处理的就是测量出的物理的和数学的特征）The accurate determination and monumentation of points on the surface of the Earth is therefore seen as the major task. （因此精确确定并标定地表点位便成为测量的主要任务）Though these surveys are for various purposes, still the basic operations are the same---they involve measurements and computations or, basically, fieldwork and office work. （虽然测量工作有不同目的，基本的操作却都一样――他们包括测量和计算，或更基本地称之为，外业工作和内业工作）There are many different types of surveys such as land surveys, route surveys, city surveys, construction surveys, hydrographic surveys, etc., but generally speaking, surveying is divided into two major categories: geodetic and plane surveying. （测量分为许多不同的类型，如土地测量，路线测量，城市测量，建筑测量，水道测量等等，但是总的来说，测量分为两个主要的种类：大地测量和平面测量）Surveys will either take into account the true shape of the Earth （Geodetic surveys）or treat the earth as a flat surface(Plane surveys). （是考虑地球真实形状的大地测量还是将地球当成一个平面的平面测量）Additionally, surveys are conducted for the purpose of positioning features on the ground(Horizontal surveys), determining the elevation or heights of features(Vertical surveys) or a combination of both.（另外，测量还分为确定平面位置的水平测量和确定海拔的高程测量或两者的综合。

测绘工程专业英语翻译(1-8章)

测绘工程专业英语翻译Uuit1 What is Geomatics? （什么是测绘学） 2 Unit 2 Geodetic Surveying and Plane Surveying（大地测量与平面测量）7 Unit 3 Distance Measurement（距离测量）12 Unit 4 Angle and Direction Measurement（角度和方向测量）15 Unit 5 Traversing （导线测量）18 Unit 6 Methods of Elevation Determination（高程测量方法）22 Unit 7 Robotic Total Station （智能型全站仪）26 Unit8 Errors in Measurement（测量工作中的误差）30Uuit1 What is Geomatics? （什么是测绘学）Geomatics Defined（测绘学定义）Where does the word Geomatics come from?（Geomatics－测绘或地球空间信息学，这个名词是怎么来的呢？）GEODESY+GEOINFORMATICS=GEOMATICS or GEO- for earth and – MATICS for mathematical or GEO- for Geoscience and -MATICS for informatics. （大地测量学＋地理信息学＝GEOMATICS 测绘学或者geo 代表地球，matics 代表数学，或者geo 代表地球科学，matics 代表信息学）It has been said that geomatics is many things to many people.（据说测绘学这个词对不同的人有不同的理解）The term geomatics emerged first in Canada and as an academic discipline; it has been introduced worldwide in a number of institutes of higher education during the past few years, mostly by renaming what was previously called “geodesy” or “surveying”, and by adding a number of computer scienceand/or GIS-oriented courses.（这个术语【term 术语】作为一个学科【academic discipline 学科】第一次形成【emerge】于加拿大；在过去的几年里被全世界的许多高等教育研究机构所熟知，通常是以前的“大地测量学” 或“测量学”在引入了许多计算机科学和GIS 方向【或“基于GIS” 】的课程后重新命名的。

测绘工程专业英语Unit 1

Unit 1What Is Geomatics?Geomatics DefinedWhere does the word Geomatics come from? GEODESY + GEOINFORMATICS =GEOMATICS or GEO-for earth and -MATICS for mathematical or GEO-for Geoscience and -MATICS for informatics.It has been said that geomatics is many things to many people. The term geomatics emerged first in Canada and as an academic discipline; it has been introduced worldwide in a number of institutes of higher education during the past few years, mostly by renaming what was previously called " geodesy"or"surveying", and by adding a number of computer science--and/ or GIS-oriented courses. Now the term includes the traditional surveying definition along with surveying steadily increased importance with the development of new technologies and the growing demand for a variety of spatially related types of information, particularly in measuring and monitoring our environment. Increasingly critical are areas of expanding populations, appreciating land values, dwindling natural resources, and the continuing stressing of the quality of our land, water and air from human activities. As such, geomatics bridges wide arcs from the geosciences through various engineering sciences and computer sciences to spatial planning, land development and the environmental sciences. Now the word geomatics has been adopted by several international bodies including the International Standards Organization (ISO), so it is here to stay.The term "surveyor" is traditionally used to collectively describe those engaged in the above activities. More explicit job descriptions such as Land Surveyor, Engineering Surveyor or Hydrographic Surveyor for example, are commonly used by practitioners to more clearly describe and market their specialized expertise.The term geomatics is a recent creation to convey the true collective and scientific nature of these related activities and has the flexibility to allow for the incorporation of future technological developments in these fields. Adoption of the term also allows a coherent marketing of the profession to industry and schools on a worldwide basis."As a result,both course and award titles in the traditional Land Surveying sector at many of the world's leading universities are being changed to. "Degree in Geomatics". This does not suggest the demise of the term " surveyor" and graduates will still practice as land surveyors or photogrammetrists,etc. as appropriate to their specialization.In the last decade, there has been dramatic development and growth in the use of hardware and software solutions to both measure and process geo-spatial data. This has created and will continue to create new areas of application, with associated job opportunities for suitably qualified graduates. As a result, the role of the " surveyor" is expanding beyond traditional areas of practice, as described above, into new areas of opportunity. In addition, recent advances in the technology of data collection and processing have blurred the boundaries of practice and activity between what were previously regarded as related but separate areas. Such developments are forecast to continue and will create new career paths for graduates whose education and training is broadly based and of a high academic standard.To enable graduates to take full advantage of these developments, significant changes in education and training are required. Academic and professional oinstitutions are also responding, in part, by adopting the term geomatics both as a course and as an award title. A working definition of geomatics, which reflects current thinking and predicted change, is:The science and technology of acquiring, storing, processing, managing ,canalyzing and presenting geographically referenced information (geo-spatial data).This broad term applies both to science and technology, and integrates the following more specific disciplines and technologies including surveyingand oimapping, geodesy,m satellite o positioning,photogrammetry, remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS) , land management, computer systems, environmental visualization and computer graphics.Several terms such as "geomatics,""geomatic engineering," and"geoinformatics" are now in common use pertaining to activities generally concerned with geographic information. These terms have been adopted primarily to represent the general approach that geographic information is collected, managed,and applied. Along with land surveying,photogammetry,remote sensing,and cartography,GIS is an important component of geomatics.Branches of GeomaticsData acquisition techniques include field surveying, global positioning system (GPS)satellite positioning, and remotely sensed imagery obtained through aerial photography and satellite imagery. It also includes the acquisition of database material scanned from older maps and plans and data collected by related agencies.Data management and process are handled through the use of computer programs for engineering design, digital photogrammetry,image analysis, relational data base management, and geographic information systems (GIS). Data plotting ( presentation)is handled through the use of mapping and other illustrative computer programs; the presentations are displayed on computer screens ( where interactive editing can occur) and are output on paper from digital plotting devices.Once the positions and attributes of geographic entities have been digitized and stored in computer memory,they are available for use by a wide variety of users. Through the use of modem information technology (IT), geomatics brings together professionals in the following disciplines: surveying, mapping, remote sensing, land registration, civil and marine engineering, forestry,agriculture, planning and development, geology,geographical sciences,infrastructure management, navigation, environmental and natural resources monitoring, and computer science.Other Definitions of GeomaticsAs defined by the Canadian Institute of Geomatics in their quarterly journal Geomatica:Geomatics is a field of activities which, using a systemic approach, integrates all the means used to acquire and manage spatial data required as part of scientific,administrative, legal and technical operations involved in the process of the production and management of spatial information.The definition of Geomatics is evolving. A working definition might be "the art, science and technologies related to the management of geographically-referenced information.Geomatics includes a wide range of activities, from the acquisition and analysis of site specific spatial data in engineering and development surveys to the application of GIS and remote sensing technologies in environmental management. It includes cadastral surveying, hydrographic surveying, and ocean mapping, and it plays an important role in land administration and land use management.Geomatics is the modern scientific term referring to the integrated approach of measurement, analysis, management, storage and display of the descriptions and location of Earth-based data, often termed spatial data. These data come from many sources, including earth orbiting satellites, air and sea-borne sensors and ground based instruments. It is processed and manipulated with state-of-the-art information technology using computer software and hardware. It has applications in all disciplines which depend on spatial data, including environmental studies,planning, engineering,navigation,geology (and geophysics, oceanography, land development and land ownership and tourism. It is thus fundamental to all the geoscience disciplines which use spatially related data.[ from the School of Geomatic Engineering, Univ. of New South Wales]Geomatics is concerned with the measurement, representation, analysis,management,retrieval and display of spatial data concerning both the Earths physical features and the built environment. The principal disciplines embraced by Geomatics include the mapping sciences, land management, geographic information systems,i1environmental visualisation, geodesy, photogrammetry, remote sensing and surveying.[ from the Dept. of Geomatics at Univ. of Melbourne]Geomatics comprises the science, engineering, and art involved in collecting andmanaging geographically-referenced information. Geographical information plays animportant role in activities such as environmental monitoring, management of land andmarine resources, and real estate transactions.[ from the Dept. of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering at UNB]The science of Geomatics is concerned with the measurement, representation , analysis management, retrieval and display of spatial information describing both the Earth'g physical features and the built environment. Geomatics includes disciplines such as:Surveying, Geodesy,Remote Sensing & Photogrammetry, Cartography, Geographic Information Systems, Global Positioning Systems.[ from the Dept. of Surveying and Spatial Information Science at the Univ. of Tasmania]□ Notes:①测绘学（Geomatics）这个术语最初作为一门学科专业出现于加拿大，在过去几年里已被世界各地众多的高等教育机构所采纳，大多数是由以前的“大地测量学”或“测量学”并引入许多计算机科学和地理信息系统方向的课程后重新命名的。

测绘工程专业英语考试重点(包括单词)

测绘工程专业英语考试重点Geomatic测绘学Geosciences地球科学Geodesy大地测量学Cadastral surveying地籍测量Geodetic surveying 大地测量Marine survey 海洋测量Geological survey 地质测量Control survey 控制测量Horizontal survey 水平测量Vertical survey 高程测量Topographic survey 地形测量Tacheometry 视距测量Contour等高线Chart图表Fieldwork外业Officework内业Elevation高程Basic point 基准点Benchmark 水准基点Stations 测站Geoid 水准面Vertical垂直Theodolite经纬仪Monumentation埋石Latitude纬度Longitude经度Prime meridian 本初子午线Gravity field 重力场Curvature 曲率Fixed error 固定误差Proportionnal error 比例误差Multiplication constant 乘常数Angle 角度Zenith distance 天顶距Circle 度盘Azimuth方位角Triangulation 三角测量Traversing 导线测量Triangulateration 边角测量Control network 控制网Forward intersection 前方交会Resection 后方交会Side intersection 侧方交会Traverse angle 导线折角Open traverse 支导线Close traverse 闭合导线Close loop traverse闭合环导线Connecting traverse 符合导线Coordinate increment坐标增量Trigonometric leveling 三高程测量Horizontal 水平距Rod plate 尺垫Coordinates 坐标系Geodetic 大地基准Origin 原点Parameter 参数Map projection 地图投影Equidistant projection等距投影Equivalent projection 等积投影Orthographic projection 正射投影Differential correction 差分改正Real time kinematicRTK实动定位Cartograph制图学Raster 栅格光栅Embed 嵌入Resolution 分辨率Data classification 数据分类Topological relationship 拓扑关系aerial photogrammetry 航空摄测量Remote sensing 遥感InSAR干涉合成孔径雷达Prism 棱镜Blunder/gross error 粗差Index error 指标差Standard deviation 标准差Mean square error中误差Calibrate 校准Normal equation 法方程Space segment 空间部分--------------------------settlement observation 沉陷观测deflection observation 挠度观测property line survey 建筑红线放样cross-section survey 横断面测量geoid undulation 大地水准面差距orthometric height 正高very long baseline interferometry甚长基线干涉测量connecting traverse 附合导线zenith distance 天顶距hydrographic survey 水道测量工程测量engineering survey施工放样construction layout orsetting-out survey竣工测量as-built survey参考椭球reference ellipsoid 参考卫星激光测距satellite laserranging(SLR)重力场gravity field测量平差adjustment ofobservation or survey adjustment多余观测redundant observation点位中误差mean square error ofa point粗差检验gross error detection自动目标识别automatic targetrecognition(ATR水准尺level lod平面控制网horizontal controlnetwork地籍测量cadastral surveying orproperty survey1. Surveying is the art of making such measurements of the relative positions of points on the surface of the earth that, on drawing them to scale, natural and artificial features may be exhibited in their correct horizontal or vertical relationships.测量是测定地面上各点的相对位置，以便根据它们之间正确的水平或竖直关系，按比例展示出天然地物和人工地物的一种技术。

测量学英文专业术语

照准部 Collimation device
望远镜 Telescope,
竖直度盘 vertical dish, vertical circle
水准管 Level bubble
读数设备 Readings equipment
水平度盘 Horizontal dish
测微尺 Micro-distance measuring sensor
大地坐标系 Geodetic coordinate system
空间直角坐标系 spatial rectangular coordinates
独立平面直角坐标系 Independent plane rectangular coordinate system
高斯平面直角坐标系 Gauss plane rectangular coordinate system
第一章绪论
测绘 Surveying
测定 survey
测设 layout
普通测量学 General survey
大地测量学 geodetic survey
摄影测量与遥感学 Photogrammetry and remote sensing
海洋测绘学 Marine surveying
测量误差：surveying errors
系统误差：Systematic error
偶然误差：random error；accidental error
最或是值：The most probable value
多余观测：Redundant observation
算术平均值：arithmetic average ；Arithmetic means
光学对中器 Optical plummet telescope

测绘工程专业英语(1—8)章翻译

Uuit1 What is Geomatics? （什么是测绘学）Geomatics Defined（测绘学定义）Where does the word Geomatics come from?（Geomatics－测绘或地球空间信息学，这个名词是怎么来的呢？）GEODESY+GEOINFORMATICS=GEOMATICS or GEO- for earth and –MATICS for mathematical or GEO- for Geoscience and -MATICS for informatics. （大地测量学＋地理信息学＝GEOMA TICS 测绘学或者geo 代表地球，matics 代表数学，或者geo 代表地球科学，matics 代表信息学）It has been said that geomatics is many things to many people.（据说测绘学这个词对不同的人有不同的理解）The term geomatics emerged first in Canada and as an academic discipline; it has been introduced worldwide in a number of institutes of higher education during the past few years, mostly by renaming what was previously called ―geodesy‖ or ―surveying‖, and by adding a number of comput er scienceand/or GIS-oriented courses.（这个术语【term 术语】作为一个学科【academic discipline 学科】第一次形成【emerge】于加拿大；在过去的几年里被全世界的许多高等教育研究机构所熟知，通常是以前的―大地测量学‖ 或―测量学‖在引入了许多计算机科学和GIS 方向【或―基于GIS‖ 】的课程后重新命名的。

测绘专业名词中英文大地测量学

02.001 大地测量geodetic surveying02.002 几何大地测量学geometric geodesy02.003 椭球面大地测量学ellipsoidal geodesy02.004 大地天文学geodetic astronomy02.005 物理大地测量学(又称“大地重力学”) physical geodesy 02.006 空间大地测量学space geodesy02.007 卫星大地测量学satellite geodesy02.008 动力大地测量学dynamic geodesy02.009 海洋大地测量学marine geodesy02.010 月面测量学lunar geodesy，selenodesy02.011 行星测量学planetary geodesy02.012 天文大地网(又称“国家大地网”) astro--geodetic network 02.013 参考椭球reference ellipsoid02.014 贝塞尔椭球Bessel ellipsoid02.015 海福德椭球Hayford ellipsoid02.016 克拉索夫斯基椭球Krasovsky ellipsoid02.017 参考椭球定位orientation of reference ellipsoid02.018 大地基准geodetic datum02.019 大地坐标系geodetic coordinate system02.020 弧度测量arc measurement02.021 拉普拉斯方位角Laplace azimuth02.022 拉普拉斯点Laplace point02.023 三角测量triangulation02.024 三角点triangulation point02.025 三角锁triangulation chain02.026 三角网triangulation network02.027 图形权倒数weight reciprocal of figure02.028 菲列罗公式Ferreros formula02.029 施赖伯全组合测角法Schreiber method in all combinations02.030 方向观测法method of direction observation，method by series 02.031 测回observation set02.032 归心元素elements of centring02.033 归心改正correction for centring02.034 水平折光差(又称“旁折光差”) horizontal refraction error 02.035 基线测量base measurement02.036 基线baseline02.037 基线网base network02.038 精密导线测量precise traversing02.039 三角高程测量trigonometric leveling02.040 三角高程网trigonometric leveling network02.041 铅垂线plumb line02.042 天顶距zenith distance02.043 高度角elevation angle， altitude angle02.044 垂直折光差vertical refraction error02.045 垂直折光系数vertical refraction coefficient02.046 国家水准网national leveling network02.047 精密水准测量Precise leveling02.048 水准面level surface02.049 高程height02.050 正高orthometric height02.051 正常高normal height02.052 力高dynamic height02.053 地球位数geopotential number02.054 水准点benchmark02.055 水准路线leveling line02.056 跨河水准测量river－crossing leveling02.057 椭球长半径major radius of ellipsoid02.058 椭球扁率flattening of ellipsoid02.059 椭球偏心率eccentricity of ellipsoid02.060 子午面meridian plane02.061 子午圈meridian02.062 卯酉圈prime vertical02.063 平行圈parallel circle02.064 法截面normal section02.065 子午圈曲率半径radius of curvature in meridian02.066 卯酉圈曲率半径radius of curvature in prime vertical02.067 平均曲率半径mean radius of curvature02.068 大地线geodesic02.069 大地线微分方程differential equation of geodesic02.070 大地坐标geodetic coordinate02.071 大地经度geodetic longitude02.072 大地纬度geodetic latitude02.073 大地高geodetic height，ellipsoidal height02.074 大地方位角geodetic azimuth02.075 天文大地垂线偏差astro—geodetic deflection of the vertical 02.076 垂线偏差改正correction for deflection of the vertical02.077 标高差改正correction for skew normals02.078 截面差改正correction from normal section to geodetic02.079 大地主题正解direct solution of geodetic problem02.080 大地主题反解 inverse solution of geodetic problem02.081 高斯中纬度公式Gauss mid—latitude formula02.082 贝塞尔大地主题解算公式Bessel formula for solution of geodetic problem02.083 高斯一克吕格投影Gauss－Kruger projection又称“高斯投影”。

测绘工程专业英语(中国地质大学长城学院)

一、名词解释：1、Surveying (测量学）is the art of making such measurements of the relative positions of points on the surface of Earth that,on drawing them to scale natural and artificial features may be exhibited in their correct horizontal or vertical relationships.2、Plane surveying （平面测量)is of wide scope and utility,and its methods are e mployed in the vast majorit y of surveys undertaken for various purposes,such as en gineering ,architectural,legal,c ommercial,scientific,geograph ical,exploratory,military,and n avigational.3、Geodetic surveys（大地测量）are usually of a nati onal character,occasionally w orks of international coopera tion,and they are undertaken as basis for the production of accurate maps of wide areas.4、Leveling（水准测量) is t he general term applied to a ny of the various processes by which elevations of point s or differences in elevation are determined.5、The theodolite （经纬仪）is an instrument designed for the measurement of hori zontal and vertical angles.It is the most precise instrume nt available for such observ ations,and is of wide applica bility in surveying.6、A traverse（导线）is a series of consecutive lines whose lengths and directions have been determined from field measurements7、Traversing(导线测量）,the act of establishing traverse stations and making the ne cessary measurements,is one of the most basic and wid ely practiced means of deter mining the relative locations of points.8、Azimuths（方位角）are measured clockwise from th e north end of the meridian through the angle points. 9、Topographic surveys（地形测量）are made to deter mine the configuration (relie f) of the earth’s surface and to locate natural and cultur al features on it.10、A topographic map（地形图）is a large scale repres entation of a portion of theEarth’s showing culture, relief, hydrography, and perhaps vegetation.11、Systematic-Error(系统误差）:These-errors conformto mathematical and physical laws.Their magnitude maybe constant or variable depending on conditions.12、Radom error(偶然误差）：These are errors that remain after mistakes and systematic errors have been eliminated.13、Precision(精度)refers to the degree of refinementor consistency of a group of measurements.14、Accuracy(准确度）which denotes the absolute nearness of measured quantities to their true values.二、填空1、The metal case is attached to some part of the instrument in such a way as topermit some (adjustment) of the position.2、Transits,are instrumentswhich ..... Along the verticalplane (altitude) as well asthe horizontal plane (azimuth).3、These instruments are (tripods),plane tables,(level rods),chains,and (tapes).4、As can be observed ,EDM systems are made up ofthree components-(a transmitter),(a reflector),and (a receiver).5、....the telescope must becapable of rotation about a(horizontal axis),for measurement of horizonal angles,the instrument must be rotatedabout a (vertical axis).6、There must be an (indexmark) on the rotating part,placed so that readings canbe taken against it on the(graduated circle).7、.....the observer operatesa setting device to obtain a(mean reading) free from(eccentricity error).8、If the (plumb bob) is not over the point,the (centering screw) can be loosenedand the.......9、These notes include directions.....stations with (fourdifferent positions).Two readings were taken on each position (one with the telescope normal or direct and onewith the instrument (reversed or plunged)).10、The line is determinedby a telescope with the usual components consisting of(object glass),(focusing arrangement),(diaphragm withcross-lines), and (eye-piece).11、A level fitted with (horizontal circle) and (stadia lines) can be used to make acomplete (three-dimensional) survey of a limited area round the instrument.12、Levels are used to obtain the direct measurement of （height differences）between two points.13、Which transmit either (modulated laser) or (infrared light) having wavelengths within or slightly beyondthe ......14、Which transmits (microwaves) with (frequencies) in the range of 3 to 35GHZcorresponding to wavelength of about 1.0 to 8.6 mm.15、The methods used in measuring angles or directionsof traverse lines vary,and include (compass bearings），（interior angles),(deflection angles),(angles to the right),(azimuths).16、The instrument is oriented at each station by (backsighting) on the previous point with （the back bearingset) on the plates.17、(Electronic devices) and (taping) are used most often and provide the highestorder of accuracy.18、On construction work,(allowable limits of closure)depend on the use and extent of the traverse and typeof project.Bright location, for example ,demands a highdegree of precision.19、Vertical control is provided by bench marks in or near the tract to be surveyed.It becomes the foundation for correctly portraying reliefon a map,A （vertical control net)is established by (lines of levels）starting fromand closing on bench marks.三、翻译：1、It is convenient to considerthat a bubble tube has anaxis,which may be taken as astraight line parallel to the freesurface of the liquid when thebubble is in the centralposition determined by thegraduation marks.当气泡处于分划线所确定的中心位置时，我们可以很容易想像水准管有一个轴，这个轴可以看作是一条与液体的自由表面平行的直线。

基本常用测绘英语

测绘专业最常用英语(软件开发特别版)总结：Kiseigo 2008.08.22eve 来自：《测绘工程专业英语》尹晖主编武汉大学出版社2005年1月第一版一．基础篇1. 概率What is Geomatics?geomatics 测绘学geodesy 大地测量学surverying and mapping 测绘fieldwork 外业工作theodolite 经纬仪allowance 容许误差latitude 纬度longitude 经度meridian 子午线gravity 重力curvature 曲率geoid 大地水准面2. 大地测量和平面测量Geodetic Surveying and Plane Surveying geodetic surveying 大地测量(学)plane surveying 平面测量control survey 控制测量vertical survey 高程测量topographic survey 地形测量detail survey 碎部测量land survey 地籍测量route survey 路线测量hydrographic survey 水道测量marine survey 海洋测量mine survey 矿山测量geological survey 地质测量Multiple channel 多通道dual-frequency sounder 双频Single Frequency Depth Sounder 单频multibeam echosounding 多波束3. 距离测量Distance Measurementfundamental 基本原则，基本原理revolution n.旋转stadia n. 视距，视距仪器telescope 望远镜terrain n. 地形infrared adj. 红外线的electronic distance measurement 电子测距仪distance measuring instrumentdistance-measuring error 测距误差fixed error 固定误差proportional error 比例误差sighting distance 视距multiplication constant 乘常数addition constant 加常数tape 卷尺4. 角度和方向测量Angle and Direction Measurement projection n.投影radius n. 半径，范围compass 罗盘，指南针clockwise adj. 顺时针方向的counterclockwise adj. 反时针方向的compensator n. 补偿器azimuth n. 方位，方位角bearing n. 方向，方位horizontal angle 水平角vertical angle 垂直角elevation angle 高度角5. 导线测量Traversingtraverse n. 导线traversing 导线测量law of sines 正弦定律law of cosine 余弦定律terminate v. 停止evenly adv. 均匀地control network 控制网control point 控制点forward intersection 前方交会6. 高程测量的方法Methods of Elevation Detemination elevation 海拔reference datum 参考基准面Huanghai vertical datum of 1956 1956黄海高程系统national vertical datum of 1985 1985国家高程基准direct leveling, spirit leveling 几何水准测量BM (benchmark) 水准基点level rod 水准尺level 水准仪backsight (BS) 后尺foresight (FS) 前尺height of instrument (HI) 仪器高height of target (HT) 目标高elevation difference 高差annexed leveling line 附合水准路线closed leveling line 闭合水准路线spur leveling line 支水准路线elevation of sight 视线高程optical level 光学水准仪electronic level 电子水准仪automatic level, compensator level 自动安平水准仪laser level 激光水准仪7. 全站仪Robotic Total Stationprism 棱镜instrument of geomatics engineering 测绘仪器geodetic instrument 大地测量仪器optical theodolite 光学经纬仪total station 全站仪geo-robot 测量机器人data recorder 电子手簿，数据采集器data transfer 数据转换8. 测量误差Erros in Measurementlaw of probability 概率论theory of error 误差理论true error 真误差observation error 观测误差instrumental error 仪器误差personal error 人为误差gross error 粗差systematic error 系统误差random error, accident error 随即误差，偶然误差probable error 或然误差constant error 常差average error 平均误差absolute error 绝对误差relative error 相对误差error of closure, closing error, closure 闭合差error propagation, propagation of error 误差传播error test 误差检验gross error detection 粗差检验tolerance 限差limit error 极限误差error of focusing 调焦误差index error of vertical circle 竖盘指标差9. 随机误差的基本统计分析Basic Statistical Analysis of Random Errors statistical adj. 统计的，统计学的mean n. 平均数stochastic adj.随机的irregular adj. 不规则的probability n. 概率，可能性normal n. 正态divisor n. 除数，约数rationale n.基本原理error distribution 误差分布most probable value (MPV) 最或然值expectation, expected value 期望值index of precision 精度指标variance 方差standard deviation 标准差mean square error (MSE) 中误差mean square error of a point 点位中误差mean square error of azimuth 方位角中误差mean square error of cordinate 坐标中误差mean square error of height 高程中误差variance of unit weight 单位权方差，方差因子error ellipse 误差椭圆10. 准确度和精确度Accuracy and Precisionaccuracy n. 准确precision n. 精确calibrate v. 校准methodology n. 方法论11. 最小二乘法Least-Squares Adjustmentadjustment n.平差parameter n.参数least square method 最小二乘法least-squares adjustment 最小二乘平差function model 函数模型stochastic model 随机模型redundant observation 多余观测variance 方差covariance 协方差normal equation 法方程conditional 条件平差direct adjustment 直接平差condition equation 条件方程parametric adjustment 参数平差indirection adjustment 间接平差adjusted value 平差值inverse of weight matrix 权逆矩阵weight coefficient 权系数geoidal undulation 大地水准面高earth’s flattening地球扁率12. 大地测量学的概念Geodesy Conceptsvery long baseline interferometry (VLBI) 甚长基线干涉测量13. 大地水准面和参考椭球Geoid and Reference Ellipsoidmean sea level (MSL) 平均海水面reference ellipsoid 参考椭球semi-major axis of ellipsoid 椭球长半轴semi-minor axis of ellipsoid 椭球短半轴orthometric heights (H) 正高geodetic height, ellipsoidal height (h) 大地高geoidal height, geoid undulation (N) 大地水准面高,大地水准面差距quasi-geoid 似大地水准面normal height 正常高height anomaly 高程异常Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS80) 1980大地测量参考系统Krasovsky ellipsoid 克拉索夫斯基椭球14. 坐标转换Datums, Coordinatesgeodetic datum 大地基准geodetic coordinate 大地坐标geodetic origin 大地原点geodetic latitude 大地纬度geodetic longitude 大地经度world geodetic system 1984 (WGS-84) 1984世界大地坐标系rectangular grid 直角坐标网independent coordinate system 独立坐标系coordinate conversion 坐标转换translation parameters 平移参数rotation parameters 旋转参数scale parameter 尺度参数Xi’an Geodetic Coordinate System 1980 1980西安坐标系15. 地图投影Map Projectionmap projection 地图投影arbitrary projection 任意投影conformal projection 正形投影Mercator projection/ Mercator’s projection 墨卡托投影transverse projection 横轴投影Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) 通用横轴墨卡托投影Lambert projection/ Lamber’s projection 兰勃特投影16. 重力测量Gravity Measurementgravity measurement 重力测量law of universal gravitation 万有引力定律centrifugal force 离心力gravitational constant 重力常数gravimeter, gravity meter 重力仪17. 大地网的最佳解决方案Optimal Design of Geomatics Network specification n. 规格，说明书，规范sensitivity n. 灵敏度deformation n. 变形18. 施工测量Construction Layoutengineering survey 工程测量construction control network 施工控制网deformation observation变形观测reliability 可靠性construction survey 施工测量setting-out survey, construction layout 施工放样road engineering survey 道路工程测量cross section 横断面profile survey 纵断面测量19. 变形监测Deformation monitoring of Engineering Structure deformation monitoring(observation) 变形监测(观测) displacement observation 位移观测settlement (subsidence) observation 沉陷观测二．高级篇20-21. 了解GPS Understanding the GPSionosphere 电离层troposphere 对流层antenna 天线GPS (global positioning system) 全球定位系统GPS receiver GPS接收机broadcast ephemeris 广播星历precise ephemeris 精密星历precise code 精码pseudorange 伪距ionospheric delay 电离层延迟tropospheric delay 对流层延迟multipath effect 多路径效应reference receiver 基准接收机roving receiver 流动接收机receiver antenna 接收机天线real-time kinematic (RTK) 实时动态定位differential GPS (DGPS) 差分GPSdifferential correction 差分改正post-processed differential correction 后处理差分改正22. 各种卫星系统Competition in Space OrbitGlobal Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) 全球导航卫星系统GLONASS (GLObal Navigation Satellite System) 全球导航卫星系统(俄) GALILEO 伽利略系统satellite clock 卫星钟dual-frequency 双频precise positioning service (PPS) 精密定位服务standard position service (SPS) 标准定位服务geo-synchronous satellite 地球同步卫星23-25. GIS基础GIS BasicsGIS (geographic information system) 地理信息系统raster n. 光栅vector n. 向量，矢量image data 图像数据vector data 矢量数据raster data 栅格数据data capture 数据采集data classification 数据分类data compression 数据压缩data transmission 数据传输digital terrain model (DTM) 数字地面模型digital elevation model (DEM) 数字高程模型27. 摄影测量的发展Developments of Photogrammetryaerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量homologous points 同名点image point 像点picture element / pixel 像素intensity value 强度值，亮度值relative orientation 相对定向absolute orientation 绝对定向block adjustment 区域网平差image rectification 影像纠正digital raster graph DRG 数字栅格图29. RS应用Digital Image Processing and Its Applications in RS digital image processing 数字图像处理digital image 数字影像optical image 光学影像gray value 灰度值grey level 灰度等级image analysis 图像分析image processing 图像处理image transformation 图像变换image coding 图像编码image correlation 影像相关image digitization 图像数字化image matching 影像匹配image overlaying 影像重合32.interferometry 干涉测量interometry SAR 干涉雷达常用数学表达1/2 a half; one half1/4 a fourth; a quarter; one quarter1/1234 one over a thousand, two hundred and thirty-four 2x x square; x squared; x to the second power3x x cube; x cubed; x to the third powernx the nth power of x; x to the power of n10x y to the minus tenth power1:2 the ratio of one to twob' b primeb'' b double prime; b second primeb b sub one1F'the first derivative of func)(xa square root of a±plus or minus= is equal to; equals≤equal(s) to or less than≥equal(s) to or larger thana≈ a is approximately equal to b (a approximately equals b)ba +b =c a plus b is (are; equals; is equal to ) c(a + b – c×d) / e = f a plus b minus c multiplied by d, all divided by equals to f a ×b a times b; a multiplied by bc - b = a c minus b equals to a; b from c leaves av = s / t v equals to s divided by t10 + 20 + 30 = 60 10,20, and 30 added together are 6020 / 5 = 4 20 divided by 5 equals (is) 4a a approaches infinity∞=A×B vector product of A and BA⋅scalar product of A and BBlength, width, height, thickness, depthThe big apple weights 100g.China has an area of 9.6 million square kilometers.The length of the railway is 2,000 miles.The gate has a width of 2ft.运算过程中的套语假设if ……(then/ therefore/ consequently)Suppose thatNow assume thatLete.g. if a – b = b – a; then 2a = 2b; hence a = b解释和说明For……, we have……This shows that……The face that……is / has……The graph is shown in……The following is……As discussed/ mentioned above求证To prove this formula, note that……Prove the following,Prove that……The calculation/ formula is……This can be expressed as follows:基本常用测绘英语参考文献：《测绘工程专业英语》尹晖主编武汉大学出版社2005年1月第一版11 / 11。

测绘工程专业英语 (2)

测绘工程专业英语1. Introduction测绘工程是一门综合性较强的学科，需要使用专业的英语术语来进行交流和沟通。

本文将介绍一些与测绘工程相关的常用英语词汇和表达，以帮助读者更好地理解和运用专业英语。

2. Surveying and Mapping 测绘2.1 Surveying 规划测量•Geodetic surveying大地测量•Cadastral surveying (land) 地籍测绘•Engineering surveying工程测量•Topographic surveying地形测量•Control surveying控制测量•Hydrographic surveying水文测量•Deformation monitoring变形监测2.2 Mapping 制图•Cartography制图学•Digital mapping数字制图•Geographic information system (GIS)地理信息系统•Remote sensing遥感•Image interpretation图像解译•Orthophoto正射影像•Contour lines等高线•Land cover classification土地覆盖分类3. Instruments and Equipment 仪器设备•Theodolite经纬仪•Total station全站仪•GPS receiver GPS接收机•Levels水准仪•Laser scanner激光扫描仪•Data collector数据采集器•GIS software GIS软件•Mapping software制图软件4. Measurements 测量数据•Distance measurement距离测量•Angle measurement角度测量•Coordinate measurement坐标测量•Elevation measurement高程测量•Height measurement高度测量•Area measurement面积测量•Volume measurement体积测量5. Data Analysis 数据分析•Data processing数据处理•Error analysis误差分析•Statistical analysis统计分析•Spatial analysis空间分析•Data visualization数据可视化•Interpolation插值•Extrapolation外推•Regression analysis回归分析6. Project Management 项目管理•Survey project planning测量项目规划•Budget estimation预算估算•Resource allocation资源分配•Scheduling进度安排•Quality control质量控制•Risk assessment风险评估•Project documentation项目文档7. Conclusion本文介绍了一些与测绘工程专业相关的英语词汇和表达，涵盖了测绘、制图、仪器设备、测量数据、数据分析和项目管理等领域。

测绘英语单词

geomatics测绘学geodesy大地测量学photogrammetry摄影测量学remote sensing遥感global positioning system全球定位系统geographicinformation systems地理信息系统Permanent monument永久标石theodolite经纬仪gravity field重力场plumb line铅垂线geoid大地水准面geodetic surveying大地测量学plane surveying平面测量学control survey控制测量horizontal survey水平（平面）测量vertical survey高程（垂直）测量topographic survey地形测量detail survey碎步测量elevation /height高程tacheometry视距测量法distance measurement距离测量法stadia hair视距丝、视距线stadia interval视距间隔plumb bob垂球leveling staff水准尺level rod/staff水准尺vertical angle垂直角horizontal angle水平角depression angle俯视角zenith distance天顶距elevation angle高度角field book外业手簿grid north坐标北方向open traverse支导线magnetic north磁北方向control network控制网horizontal control network平面、水平控制网vertical control network高程控制网control point控制点traversing导线测量closed traverse闭合导线closed loop traverse闭合环导线connecting traverse附和导线survey specifications测量规范reference datum参考基面，参考基准面direct/spirit leveling几何水准测量differential leveling微差水准测量trigonometric leveling三角高程测量BM（benchmark）水准基点level rod水准尺level水准仪true error真误差observation error观测误差instrumental error仪器误差gross error粗差systematic error系统误差tolerance限差random/accident error随机（偶然）误差potential潜能、潜力、电压geoid大地水准面orthometric height正高reference ellipsoid参考椭球geodetic/ellipsoidal height大地高geoidal height；geoid undulation大地水准面差距，大地水准面高engineering survey工程测量construction survey施工测量free station自由设站法as-built survey竣工测量setting-out survey施工放样空间部分space segment控制部分control segment用户部分user segmentGPS接收机GPS receiverGPS星座GPS constellation主控站master control station监控站monitor station原子钟atomic clock精码precise code伪距pseudorange实时动态定位（RTK ）real-time kinematic 差分GPS differential GPS多路径效应multipath effect使降级、堕落、退化degrade电离层ionosphere对流层troposphere太阳黑点、雀斑sunspot干扰、冲突、干涉interference星历表、历书ephemeris空间分析spatial analysis空间数据spatial data属性数据attribute data矢量数据vector data栅格数据raster data图像数据image data变形检测deformation monitoring航空摄影测量aerial photogrammetry地形摄影测量terrestrial photogrammetry近景摄影测量close-range photogrammetry航空摄影aerial photography摄影比例尺photographic scale航高flight altitude摄影主距photographic principal distance模拟摄影测量analogue photogrammetry解析摄影测量analytical photogrammetry数字摄影测量digital photogrammetry全数字摄影测量full digital photogrammetry 同名射线homologous ray立体像对stereopair，stereo photopair同名像点homologous points像点image point数字正射影像digital orthoimage相对定向relative orientation绝对定向absolute orientation空中三角测量aerial triangulation数字正摄影像图digital orthophoto map内定向internal orientation合成孔径雷达（SAR）synthetic aperture radar 遥测传感器、遥感器remote sensor电磁波谱、电磁光谱、电磁波频谱electromagnetic spectrum电磁辐射electromagnetic radiation热红外探测仪thermal infrared detector被动式遥感passive remote sensing主动式遥感active remote sensing。

基本常用测绘英语

测绘专业最常用英语(软件开发特别版)总结：Kiseigo 2008.08.22eve 来自：《测绘工程专业英语》尹晖主编武汉大学出版社2005年1月第一版一．基础篇1. 概率What is Geomatics?geomatics 测绘学geodesy 大地测量学surverying and mapping 测绘fieldwork 外业工作theodolite 经纬仪allowance 容许误差latitude 纬度longitude 经度meridian 子午线gravity 重力curvature 曲率geoid 大地水准面2. 大地测量和平面测量Geodetic Surveying and Plane Surveying geodetic surveying 大地测量(学)plane surveying 平面测量control survey 控制测量vertical survey 高程测量topographic survey 地形测量detail survey 碎部测量land survey 地籍测量route survey 路线测量hydrographic survey 水道测量marine survey 海洋测量mine survey 矿山测量geological survey 地质测量Multiple channel 多通道dual-frequency sounder 双频Single Frequency Depth Sounder 单频multibeam echosounding 多波束3. 距离测量Distance Measurementfundamental 基本原则，基本原理revolution n.旋转stadia n. 视距，视距仪器telescope 望远镜terrain n. 地形infrared adj. 红外线的electronic distance measurement 电子测距仪distance measuring instrumentdistance-measuring error 测距误差fixed error 固定误差proportional error 比例误差sighting distance 视距multiplication constant 乘常数addition constant 加常数tape 卷尺4. 角度和方向测量Angle and Direction Measurement projection n.投影radius n. 半径，范围compass 罗盘，指南针clockwise adj. 顺时针方向的counterclockwise adj. 反时针方向的compensator n. 补偿器azimuth n. 方位，方位角bearing n. 方向，方位horizontal angle 水平角vertical angle 垂直角elevation angle 高度角5. 导线测量Traversingtraverse n. 导线traversing 导线测量law of sines 正弦定律law of cosine 余弦定律terminate v. 停止evenly adv. 均匀地control network 控制网control point 控制点forward intersection 前方交会6. 高程测量的方法Methods of Elevation Detemination elevation 海拔reference datum 参考基准面Huanghai vertical datum of 1956 1956黄海高程系统national vertical datum of 1985 1985国家高程基准direct leveling, spirit leveling 几何水准测量BM (benchmark) 水准基点level rod 水准尺level 水准仪backsight (BS) 后尺foresight (FS) 前尺height of instrument (HI) 仪器高height of target (HT) 目标高elevation difference 高差annexed leveling line 附合水准路线closed leveling line 闭合水准路线spur leveling line 支水准路线elevation of sight 视线高程optical level 光学水准仪electronic level 电子水准仪automatic level, compensator level 自动安平水准仪laser level 激光水准仪7. 全站仪Robotic Total Stationprism 棱镜instrument of geomatics engineering 测绘仪器geodetic instrument 大地测量仪器optical theodolite 光学经纬仪total station 全站仪geo-robot 测量机器人data recorder 电子手簿，数据采集器data transfer 数据转换8. 测量误差Erros in Measurementlaw of probability 概率论theory of error 误差理论true error 真误差observation error 观测误差instrumental error 仪器误差personal error 人为误差gross error 粗差systematic error 系统误差random error, accident error 随即误差，偶然误差probable error 或然误差constant error 常差average error 平均误差absolute error 绝对误差relative error 相对误差error of closure, closing error, closure 闭合差error propagation, propagation of error 误差传播error test 误差检验gross error detection 粗差检验tolerance 限差limit error 极限误差error of focusing 调焦误差index error of vertical circle 竖盘指标差9. 随机误差的基本统计分析Basic Statistical Analysis of Random Errors statistical adj. 统计的，统计学的mean n. 平均数stochastic adj.随机的irregular adj. 不规则的probability n. 概率，可能性normal n. 正态divisor n. 除数，约数rationale n.基本原理error distribution 误差分布most probable value (MPV) 最或然值expectation, expected value 期望值index of precision 精度指标variance 方差standard deviation 标准差mean square error (MSE) 中误差mean square error of a point 点位中误差mean square error of azimuth 方位角中误差mean square error of cordinate 坐标中误差mean square error of height 高程中误差variance of unit weight 单位权方差，方差因子error ellipse 误差椭圆10. 准确度和精确度Accuracy and Precisionaccuracy n. 准确precision n. 精确calibrate v. 校准methodology n. 方法论11. 最小二乘法Least-Squares Adjustmentadjustment n.平差parameter n.参数least square method 最小二乘法least-squares adjustment 最小二乘平差function model 函数模型stochastic model 随机模型redundant observation 多余观测variance 方差covariance 协方差normal equation 法方程conditional 条件平差direct adjustment 直接平差condition equation 条件方程parametric adjustment 参数平差indirection adjustment 间接平差adjusted value 平差值inverse of weight matrix 权逆矩阵weight coefficient 权系数geoidal undulation 大地水准面高earth’s flattening地球扁率12. 大地测量学的概念Geodesy Conceptsvery long baseline interferometry (VLBI) 甚长基线干涉测量13. 大地水准面和参考椭球Geoid and Reference Ellipsoidmean sea level (MSL) 平均海水面reference ellipsoid 参考椭球semi-major axis of ellipsoid 椭球长半轴semi-minor axis of ellipsoid 椭球短半轴orthometric heights (H) 正高geodetic height, ellipsoidal height (h) 大地高geoidal height, geoid undulation (N) 大地水准面高,大地水准面差距quasi-geoid 似大地水准面normal height 正常高height anomaly 高程异常Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS80) 1980大地测量参考系统Krasovsky ellipsoid 克拉索夫斯基椭球14. 坐标转换Datums, Coordinatesgeodetic datum 大地基准geodetic coordinate 大地坐标geodetic origin 大地原点geodetic latitude 大地纬度geodetic longitude 大地经度world geodetic system 1984 (WGS-84) 1984世界大地坐标系rectangular grid 直角坐标网independent coordinate system 独立坐标系coordinate conversion 坐标转换translation parameters 平移参数rotation parameters 旋转参数scale parameter 尺度参数Xi’an Geodetic Coordinate System 1980 1980西安坐标系15. 地图投影Map Projectionmap projection 地图投影arbitrary projection 任意投影conformal projection 正形投影Mercator projection/ Mercator’s projection 墨卡托投影transverse projection 横轴投影Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) 通用横轴墨卡托投影Lambert projection/ Lamber’s projection 兰勃特投影16. 重力测量Gravity Measurementgravity measurement 重力测量law of universal gravitation 万有引力定律centrifugal force 离心力gravitational constant 重力常数gravimeter, gravity meter 重力仪17. 大地网的最佳解决方案Optimal Design of Geomatics Network specification n. 规格，说明书，规范sensitivity n. 灵敏度deformation n. 变形18. 施工测量Construction Layoutengineering survey 工程测量construction control network 施工控制网deformation observation变形观测reliability 可靠性construction survey 施工测量setting-out survey, construction layout 施工放样road engineering survey 道路工程测量cross section 横断面profile survey 纵断面测量19. 变形监测Deformation monitoring of Engineering Structure deformation monitoring(observation) 变形监测(观测) displacement observation 位移观测settlement (subsidence) observation 沉陷观测二．高级篇20-21. 了解GPS Understanding the GPSionosphere 电离层troposphere 对流层antenna 天线GPS (global positioning system) 全球定位系统GPS receiver GPS接收机broadcast ephemeris 广播星历precise ephemeris 精密星历precise code 精码pseudorange 伪距ionospheric delay 电离层延迟tropospheric delay 对流层延迟multipath effect 多路径效应reference receiver 基准接收机roving receiver 流动接收机receiver antenna 接收机天线real-time kinematic (RTK) 实时动态定位differential GPS (DGPS) 差分GPSdifferential correction 差分改正post-processed differential correction 后处理差分改正22. 各种卫星系统Competition in Space OrbitGlobal Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) 全球导航卫星系统GLONASS (GLObal Navigation Satellite System) 全球导航卫星系统(俄) GALILEO 伽利略系统satellite clock 卫星钟dual-frequency 双频precise positioning service (PPS) 精密定位服务standard position service (SPS) 标准定位服务geo-synchronous satellite 地球同步卫星23-25. GIS基础GIS BasicsGIS (geographic information system) 地理信息系统raster n. 光栅vector n. 向量，矢量image data 图像数据vector data 矢量数据raster data 栅格数据data capture 数据采集data classification 数据分类data compression 数据压缩data transmission 数据传输digital terrain model (DTM) 数字地面模型digital elevation model (DEM) 数字高程模型27. 摄影测量的发展Developments of Photogrammetryaerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量homologous points 同名点image point 像点picture element / pixel 像素intensity value 强度值，亮度值relative orientation 相对定向absolute orientation 绝对定向block adjustment 区域网平差image rectification 影像纠正digital raster graph DRG 数字栅格图29. RS应用Digital Image Processing and Its Applications in RS digital image processing 数字图像处理digital image 数字影像optical image 光学影像gray value 灰度值grey level 灰度等级image analysis 图像分析image processing 图像处理image transformation 图像变换image coding 图像编码image correlation 影像相关image digitization 图像数字化image matching 影像匹配image overlaying 影像重合32.interferometry 干涉测量interometry SAR 干涉雷达常用数学表达1/2 a half; one half1/4 a fourth; a quarter; one quarter1/1234 one over a thousand, two hundred and thirty-four 2x x square; x squared; x to the second power3x x cube; x cubed; x to the third powernx the nth power of x; x to the power of n10x y to the minus tenth power1:2 the ratio of one to twob' b primeb'' b double prime; b second primeb b sub one1F'the first derivative of func)(xa square root of a±plus or minus= is equal to; equals≤equal(s) to or less than≥equal(s) to or larger thana≈ a is approximately equal to b (a approximately equals b)ba +b =c a plus b is (are; equals; is equal to ) c(a + b – c×d) / e = f a plus b minus c multiplied by d, all divided by equals to f a ×b a times b; a multiplied by bc - b = a c minus b equals to a; b from c leaves av = s / t v equals to s divided by t10 + 20 + 30 = 60 10,20, and 30 added together are 6020 / 5 = 4 20 divided by 5 equals (is) 4a a approaches infinity∞=A×B vector product of A and BA⋅scalar product of A and BBlength, width, height, thickness, depthThe big apple weights 100g.China has an area of 9.6 million square kilometers.The length of the railway is 2,000 miles.The gate has a width of 2ft.运算过程中的套语假设if ……(then/ therefore/ consequently)Suppose thatNow assume thatLete.g. if a – b = b – a; then 2a = 2b; hence a = b解释和说明For……, we have……This shows that……The face that……is / has……The graph is shown in……The following is……As discussed/ mentioned above求证To prove this formula, note that……Prove the following,Prove that……The calculation/ formula is……This can be expressed as follows:参考文献：《测绘工程专业英语》尹晖主编武汉大学出版社。

学生专业英文介绍测绘专业介绍

ruments
Level (水准仪)
height measurement
The most precise method of determining elevations and most commonly used method is direct leveling or spirit leveling(几何水准测量) which means measuring the vertical distance directly.
share a doggerel（打油诗） about :
测绘人
远看测区像天堂，近看测区像银行，走进测区像牢房，不如回家放牛羊，人人都说测量好，傻帽才往测区跑，测区挣钱测区花，根本没钱寄回家，漂亮老婆娶不上，娶了老婆用不上，生了孩子管不上，买了房子住不上，青春撒在荒山上，CAD画没了我的青春，全站仪测走了我的梦想，水准仪压碎了我的希望， GPS也不能缝合我的悲伤，控制一声声敲击我的心脏，等高线一圈圈束缚我的肩膀，RTK曾经让我感觉英姿飒爽，能不背上它如今变成我的渴望。
A total station integrates the functions of an electronic theodolite（电子经纬仪） for measuring angles,an DEM for measuring distances,digital data and a data recorder.
无人机
轻型低空遥感（无人机）低空无人机获取数据（汶川）
CCD camera（CCD相机） POS system(动态定位定姿) sensor（传感器）
…………
Geomatics（测绘学）
GPS （ Global Positioning System ）全球定位系统

测绘专业英语

Geomatics is a relatively new scientific term created by Pollock and Wright in 1969, with the intention of combining the terms geodesy and geoinformatics.It includes the tools and techniques used in Surveying and Mapping, Remote Sensing (RS), Cartography, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS, i.e.,GPS, Glonass, Galileo, Compass),Photogrammetry, Geography, Geosciences, Computer Sciences, Information Science and various spatial observation technologies, land development and environmental sciences, etc.测绘学是一种相对较新的科学术语由波洛克和赖特在1969年提出，目的是将大地测量学与地理信息学结合起来。

它包括的工具和技术应用于测绘、遥感(RS)、地图学、地理信息系统(GIS)、全球导航卫星系统(GNSS,即。

、GPS、Glonass、伽利略、北斗),摄影测量、地理学、地球科学、计算机科学、信息科学和各种空间观测技术、土地开发、环境科学等。

Surveying may be defined as the tec hnology and science of the study of earth’s shape and size, as well as making measurements of the relative positions of natural and man-made features on, above or below the earth’s surface, and representing these information in analog forms as contoured maps or sections, paper plan or chart, or as figures in report tables, or in digital form as a three dimensional mathematical model stored in the computer.测量的技术和科学可以定义为研究地球的形状和大小,以及测量位于地球表面上或者低于或者高于地球表面的自然的或人造的物体的相对位置,并将这些信息以模拟形式的波状外形的地图、剖面图、论文计划、图表、数据报告表中呈现或以数字形式存储在计算机三维数学模型中。

测绘专业英语

一、geomatics 测绘学geodesy 大地测量学surveying and mapping 测绘photogrammetry 摄影测量学re mote sensing ( RS) 遥感global positioning system ( GPS) 全球定位系统satellite positioning 卫星定位geographic information systems ( GIS) 地理信息系统land management 土地管理computer graphics 计算机图形学二、geodetic surveying 大地测量,大地测量学plane surveying 平面测量, 平面测量学control survey 控制测量horizontal survey 水平测量, 平面测量vertical survey 高程测量, 垂直测量topographic survey 地形测量detail survey 碎部测量land survey ( property survey, boundary survey, cadastralsurvey)土地测量,地籍测量route survey 路线测量pipe survey 管道测量city survey 城市测量hydrographic survey 水道测量marine survey 海洋测量mine survey 矿山测量geological survey 地质测量三、distance measurement 距离测量precise ranging 精密测距pacing 步测, 定步distance measuring instrument, rangefinder 测距仪E D M (electronic distance measurement) 电子测距仪geodimeter 光速测距仪, 光电测距仪electro magnetic distance measuring instrument 电磁波测距仪electro-optical distance measuring instrument 光电测距仪long-range E D M instrument 远程电子测距仪infrared ED M instrument 红外测距仪laser distance measuring instrument,laser ranger 激光测距仪microwave distance measuring instrument 微波测距仪satellite laser ranger 卫星激光测距仪two-color laser ranger 双色激光测距仪distance- measuring error 测距误差fixed error 固定误差proport ional error 比例误差sighting distance 视距m ult ipl ication constant 乘常数addition constant 加常数stadia multiplication constant 视距乘常数stadia addition constant 视距加常数standard f ield of length 长度标准检定场nominal accuracy 标称精度stadia hair 视距丝,视距线stadia interval 视距间隔四、horizontal angle 水平角vertical angle 垂直角depression angle 俯角,俯视角zenith distance 天顶距elevation angle 高度角horizontal circle 水平刻度盘vertical circle 垂直度盘true north 真北geodet ic azim uth 大地方位角grid bearing 坐标方位角gyro azim uth 陀螺方位角m agnetic azimuth 磁方位角m ethod by series, method of direction observation 方向观测法m ethod in al l com binations 全组合测角法五、control network 控制网horizontal control network 平面控制网,水平控制网vertical control network 高程控制网control point 控制点triangulat ion 三角测量tri lateration 三边测量triangulaterat ion 边角测量forward intersection 前方交会resection 后方交会side intersection 侧方交会l inear-angular intersection 边角交会法l inear intersect ion 边交会法traversing 导线测量traverse point 导线点traverse leg 导线边traverse angle 导线折角open traverse 支导线closed traverse 闭合导线closed loop traverse 闭合环导线connecting traverse 附和导线angle closing error of traverse 导线角度闭合差totallength closing error of traverse 导线全长闭合差closing error in coordinate increment 坐标增量闭合差traverse network 导线网triangulaterat ion network 边角网triangulat ion network 三角网trilateration network 三边网survey specif ications,specif ications of surveys 测量规范六、reference datum 参考基面, 参考基准面Huanghai vertical datum of 1956 1956 黄海高程系统national vertical datum of 1985 1985 国家高程基准Direct leveling, spirit leveling 几何水准测量Differential leveling 微差水准测量trigonometric leveling 三角高程测量barometric leveling 气压水准测量gravimetric leveling 重力水准测量river-crossing leveling 跨河水准测量B M (bench mark) 水准基点level rod 水准尺level 水准仪backsight ( BS) 后尺foresight ( FS) 前尺height of instrument ( HI) 仪器高height of target ( H T ) 目标高elevation difference 高差annexed leveling line 附和水准路线closed leveling line 闭合水准路线spur leveling line 支水准路线refraction correct ion 折光差改正elevation of sight 视线高程Optical level 光学水准仪electronic level 电子水准仪automatic level, compensator level 自动安平水准仪laser level 激光水准仪1-1、The term geomatics emerged first in Canada and as an academic discipline; it has been introduced worldwide in a number of institutes of higher education during the past few years, mostly by renaming what was previously called “geodesy” or “surveying”, and by adding a number of computer science and/or GIS-oriented courses.（这个术语作为一个学科第一次形成于加拿大；在过去的几年里被全世界的许多高等教育研究机构所熟知，通常是以前的“大测量学”或“测量学”在引入了许多计算机科学和 GIS 方向的课程后重新命名的。

测绘专业英语单词

Chapter 1Geomatics 测绘学Surveying 测量学Geodesy 测地学Geosciences 地球科学Surveying and mapping 测绘学Surveying and mapping engineering 测绘工程Geoinformatics 地理信息学Geodetic network 大地控制网Land Surveyor 土地测量员Photogrammetriest 摄影测量员Practitioner 从业者Topographic map 地形图Geographic information system 地理信息系统Aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量学Remote sensing 遥感Cartography 地图制图学Computer graphics 计算机图形学Global navigation satellite system GNSS Global position system GPS Environmental visualization 环境可视化Geographic information system GIS Geographic referenced information 地理参考信息Landforms 地形Underground geological structure 地下地质构造Hydrology 水文学Mineral resources 矿产资源Topographic maps 地形图Geodynamic phenomena 地球动力学现象Polar motion 极移Crustal motion 地壳运动Earth tides 地球潮汐Sphere 球（体）Spheroid 球体Ellipse 椭圆Ellipsoid 椭圆体，椭球Surveying station 测站Geodetic control points 大地控制点With permanent monuments 永久标志Curved surface 曲面Straight line 直线Plane 平面Precise instrument 精密仪器Reference coordinat e 参考坐标Contour maps 等值线图Three dimensional model 三维模型Analog or digital forms 模拟或数字形式Specialized illustration software专业插图软件Data acquisition 数据获取Data representation 数据表达Manipulate 处理，操作Data storage 数据存储Data preprocessing 数据预处理Longitude latitude altitude 经度、纬度、高度Regional navigation system 地区导航系统Analog photogrammetry 模拟摄影测量Analytical photogrammetry 解析摄影测量Digital photogrammetry 数字摄影测量Plotter 绘图机Passive remote sensing/active remote sensing Film photography 胶片Infrared sensors 红外感应Charge coupled devices 电荷耦合器件Radiometer 辐射计Backscattered 反向散射Passive/active sensor/reflector 被动/主动传感器/反射器Henan polytechnic universityGeographic data 地理数据Reference spheroid 参考椭球体Curved surface 曲面Analogy form 模拟模式Radio signal 无线信号Laser 激光Chapter 2Analog forms 模拟形式Paper plan 平面图Report table 报告表Three dimensional mathematical model 三维数学模型Horizontal and vertical distances 水平距离和垂直距离Determining Elevations 确定高程Direction 方向Location 位置V olume 体积（量）Portray graphically生动描绘Profile/cross section 侧面/横断面Longitudinal section 纵剖面Diagram 图表/示意图Optical theodolite 光学经纬仪Digital level 数字水准仪Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM) Total station 全站仪Aerial photogrammetry 航空摄影Satellite observation 卫星观测Inertial surveying 惯性测量Laser ranging techniques 激光测距技术Large volume of data 大量数据Rigorous processing 严密加工工艺Field/office work 野外/室内工作Conventional construction engineering projects 传统建设工程项目Property surveying 权属调查Geology 地质学geophysics地球物理biology生物agriculture 农业forestry 林业hydrology 水文oceanography 海洋学Geography地理学Distance measurement 距离测量Linear 线性物non-Spherical earth 球面地Slant 倾斜Tape 卷尺Telescope view望远镜视场electro-optical distance measuring 光电测距Earth gravity field 地球重力场Plume lines 铅垂线plastic tapes 塑料尺Poly tapes 塑料尺Steel types 钢尺Marking pole 花杆marking pin 测杆spring balance 弹簧秤Collimation axis 视准轴plumb bob 铅锤Invar tapes 因瓦尺Coefficient 系数Metric units 米制单位Foot units 英制单位Metric 公制，米制Meter 米Decimeter 分米Centimeter 厘米Minimeter 毫米Kilometer 千米Tacheometry 视距测量Theodolite tacheometryoptical resolutionOrdinary taping 普通丈量Precise taping 精密丈量Thermal expansion 热膨胀fixed-angle intercept截取一个固定角stadia interval factorstadia system 视距系统level rod 水准尺Plane table 平板仪line of sight 视线horizontal stadia principle 水平视距原理stadia interval 视距间隔factor 常数stadia hairs 视距丝Principle focus 主焦点detail surveys 碎步测量topographic surveys 地形测量Leveling 水准测量electronic distance measurement 电子测距仪Geodimeter Inc光电测距仪公司terrain conditions 地形条件Radio waves 无线电波Identical velocities 相同速度Light velocity 光速Vacuum 真空operational range 测距Microwave systems 微波系统Light wave systems 光波系统Infrared systems 红外系统Wavelength band 波段Transmitted signals 传播信号airborne particles 浮尘Traversing 导线测量Precise taping 精密丈量Curvature 曲率Mean sea level MSLPermanent points/benchmarks 基准参照Trigonometric or indirect leveling 三角高程测量direct or spirit leveling 水准测量stadia leveling 视距测量different leveling 差分水准Point in question 待求点self-reducing tacheometer 自降速测仪Barometric leveling 气压高程测量Gravimetric leveling 重力高程测量mutually perpendicular axesStandard deviations 标准差earth curvature and refractionAnnexed leveling line 附和水准路线spur leveling line 支水准路线closed leveling line 闭合水准路线preclude 排除slope distance 斜距vertical angle 竖直角Zenith angle 天顶角National vertical datum 国家高程基准theodolite 经纬仪transitangles of elevation 仰角minus angles angles of depression 俯角down angles reciprocal vertical angle observation 垂直角对测degree minute second 度分秒the sexagesimal system 六十进制系统radian 弧度topographic detail points 地形碎部点points to be set out 待放样点clinometer 测角仪/倾斜仪sextant 六分仪compass 罗盘true meridian direction 真子午线方向true north direction 正北方向meridian plane 子午面gyro theodolite 陀螺经纬仪magnetic meridian direction 磁北方向azimuths 方位角coordinate north direction 坐标北方向coordinate axies directionclockwise direction 顺时针方向counterclockwise direction 逆时针方向bearing/orientation 方位、方向quadrant 象限horizontal circle 水平度盘circular protractors 圆形量角器geometric conditions 几何条件astronomic 天文学的，极大的magnetic poles 磁极gauss coordinate system 高斯坐标系coordinate azimuth 坐标方位角meridian 子午圈/线azimuthal projection 方位角投影commencing on 开始face left 盘左bisected bisect 一分为二binary 二进制的horizontal scale 水平度盘比例尺upper plate clamp 上盘制动夹subtract 减法，扣除arbitrary points 任意点primary control 一级控制triangulation 三角法trilateration 三边法intersection 交会法resection 后方交会traversing 导线测量trigonometric proposition 三角定理law of sines 正弦定理law of cosines 余弦定理forward intersection 前方交会side intersection 侧方交会steel tapes 钢尺hydrographic surveyspur/stub traverse 支导线geometric closure 几何形状闭合connection/annexed traverse 附合导线Closed traverse 闭合导线Normal calculation 坐标正算inverse calculation 坐标反算Stadia hair 视距丝Cross hair 十字丝Pulse method 脉冲法Phase different method 相差法Modulated light beam 调制光束Dividing scale tape 刻线尺Reflect 反射disperse散射radiate 辐射Refract折射diffract 衍射diffuse漫射Compensator 补偿器Ralative precision 相对精度Absolute precision 绝对精度Horizontal distance 水平距离Benchmark 水准基准点Alidade 照准部Automatic level 自动安平水准仪Nominal factor 名义因子Construction maps 施工图Air density 空气密度Horizontal braking screw 水平制动螺旋Charpter 3plane trigonometry 平面三角orthogonal projection 正射投影reference ellipsoid 参考椭球面geoid 大地水准面landmass 陆地equipotential surface 等势面theoretical surface 理论面perpendicular 垂直gravity potential 重力势planimetric position 平面位置orthometric heights 正高Geodetic height 大地高semi-major axis 长半径minor axis 短轴plumb bob line 垂线spirit bubble 水准泡horizontalized 使整平flattening 扁率ellipsoidal/geodetic distance 大地距best fitting 最佳拟合global geocentric ellipsoid 全球地心参考系geodetic reference system 1980 大地测量参考系portrary 描绘conformality 正形性at expense of 以牺牲—为代价Arbitrary projection 任意投影Equidistant projection 等距投影Easel plane 承影面Cylindrical projection 圆柱投影Conic projection 圆锥投影Azimuthal/planar projection 方位投影Normal/regular axis tangent conic projection 正轴切圆锥投影Normal/regular axis secant conic projection 正轴割圆锥投影Tangent planar projectionNormal axis tangent planar projection正轴切面投影Transverse axis tangent planar projection横轴切面投影Oblique axis tangent planar projection斜轴切面投影Graticule of normal conic projection正轴圆锥投影格网Cylinder 圆柱体Gauss kruger projection=conformal（equal angle）transverse tangent elliptic cylindrical projectionUniversal transverse mercator UTMRules of thumb 经验法则Geodetic datum 大地测量基准World geodetic system 84Standard parallels 标准纬线Meridian 子午线，子午圈，经线Mass anomaly质量异常Geodetic latitude 大地维度Geodetic longitude 大地经度Translation parameter 平移参数Rotation parameter 旋转参数Scale parameter 尺度参数Rotation axis 旋转轴Backsight 后视Leveling rod reading 水准尺读数Height difference 高差Notional leveling origin 国家水准原点Coordinate conversion 坐标转换Smooth surface 光滑表面Normal calculation 正算Normal line 法线Survey specification 测量规范Dimension of the ellipsoid 椭圆的尺寸Chapter 4Direct measurement 直接测量Geometric formulas 几何公式Three broad categories 三大范畴Blunders/mistakes=gross errors Systematic errors 系统误差Magnitude 量级Algebraic sign 代数符号Calibration 校准，标准化Random errors 随机误差Gaussian distribution 高斯分布Law of probability 概率Most probable value 最或然值Points of inflexion 拐点Square root 平方根Probability density function 概率密度函数Normal error distribution curve 正态分布曲线Normal random variable 正态随机变量Frequency histogram 频率直方图Standard deviation 标准差Arithmetic mean 算术平均值Error propagation 误差传播Partial derivative 偏导数Mean square error 中误差Least squares adjustment 最小二乘平差Superfluous measurement 多余测量Instrumental error 仪器误差Redundant measurement 冗余误差Optimal combination 最优组合Matrix/array 矩阵Functional model 函数模型Stochastic model 随机模型Statistical properties 统计特性Variance/covariance matrix 方差/协方差矩阵Weighting matrix 权阵Weihted adjustment 加权平差Conditional adjustment 条件平差Parametric adjustment 参数平差Algebraic sum 代数和Geometric check 几何检核Chapter 5Cartography 地图制图学Map compilation 地图编制Map decoration 地图整饰Contour map 等高/值线图Neat line 图表边线Coordinate gratitude/grid 坐标网格Inset 嵌图Bar scale 图解比例尺Thematic map 专题图Topographic map 地形图topological map 拓扑地图Electronic map 电子地图Analytic stereo plotter 解析立体绘图仪Data visualization 数据可视化Image processing 图像处理Spatial analysis 空间分析Specialized illustration software 专门插图软件Laser rangefinders 激光测距仪Computer aided design CAD 计算机辅助设计VectorRasterGeometrical principles 几何原理Geospatial information 地理空间信息Zoom in 放大out 缩小Graphic scale bar 图解比例尺Map page space 图面空间C++ application programming interface API Chapter 6Global navigation satellite system GNSS Global position system GPSOrbital plane 轨道平面Orbital altitude 轨道高度Medium earth orbit /MEO 中地球轨道Carrier wave 载波Absolute positioning 绝对定位Relative positioning 相对定位Static positioning 静态定位Dynamic positioning 动态定位Base station 基站Real time kinematic RTK 实时动态定位Antenna 天线Post processing 后处理Ground based transmitter 地面发射机Geostationary orbit 对地静止轨道GPS receiver GPS接收机Monitor station 监控站Mobile /Roving station 流动站Differential GPSChapter 7Remote sensing RSElectronic scanning 电子扫描Multi-spectral 多光谱Multispectral scanner 多光谱扫描仪Hyper-spectral 高光谱Ultraviolet 紫外线Near-infrared 近红外Active microwavePassive microwaveThermal infrared 热红外Aerial camera 航空摄影机Spectroradiometers 光谱辐射计Side look airborne radar 机载侧视雷达Airborne platform 机载平台Aerial platform 航空平台Space borne platform 太空平台Map revision 地图修订space shuttle 航天飞机Electromagnetic energy 电磁能Image interpretation 图像解译radiation budget equation 辐射传输方程Radiant flux 辐射通量Spectral reflectance characteristics 光谱反射特性Photogrammetry 摄影测量学Hemisphere 半球Homogeneous region 同特性区High resolution 高分辨率Image rectification 图像矫正Image restoration 图像修复Geometric registration 几何配准Resampling 重采样Atmosphere scattering 大气散射Noise elimination 噪声消除Image enhancement 图像增强Image classification 图像分类Data merging 数据归并Discriminant function 判别函数Feature extraction 特征提取Data integration 数据集成Principle components analysis 主成分分析Image processing algorithms Linear array 线阵排列Pixel size 像元尺寸Analogue signal 模拟信号Multipath efforts 多路径效应Field of view 视场Sythetic aperture radar SAR Geometric distortion 几何变形Multi temporal 多时相Chapter 8Geographic information system GIS Agricultural rehabilitation 农地复耕Land inventory 土地普查Marginal landsData manipulation 数据操作Archives 档案文件Repositories 库Data format conversion 数据格式转换Virtual reality VRHuman computer interaction technology人机交互技术Artificial intelligence 人工智能Computer simulation technology 计算机仿真技术Network parallel processing technology网络并行处理技术3D terrain model 三维地形模型OrthophotosMunicipal facilities 市政工程设施Urban architecture 城市建筑Dataset 数据集Geographic entry 地理实体Digital lineData generalization 数据概化Relief map 地势图Digital terrain model 数字地面模型Digital elevation model 数字高程模型Solid model 实体模型。