新概念英语第四册原文翻译详细笔记

合集下载

新概念英语第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson6

【课⽂】

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。

How does the writer describe sport at the international level?

I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.

Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe -- at any rate for short periods -- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.

新概念英语第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson43

新概念英语第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson43【课文】

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What does the 'uniquely rational way' for us to communicate with other intelligent beings in space depend on?

We must conclude from the work of those who have studied the origin of life, that given a planet only approximately like our own, life is almost certain to start. Of all the planets in our solar system, we ware now pretty certain the Earth is the only one on which life can survive. Mars is too dry and poor in oxygen, Venus far too hot, and so is Mercury, and the outer planets have temperatures near absolute zero

and hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. But other suns, start as the astronomers call them, are bound to have planets like our own, and as is the number of stars in the universe is so vast, this possibility becomes virtual certainty. There are one hundred thousand million starts in our own Milky Way alone, and then there are three thousand million other Milky Ways,

新概念英语第四册原文翻译详细笔记

The modern city 现代城市

In the organization of industrial life the inﬂuence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible.

It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artiﬁcial mode of existence imposed by the factory.

The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants ofﬁces and apartments that please them. This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous ediﬁces and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.

新概念英语第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson37

【课⽂】

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。

What is the most important factor, both in government or business, for keeping running costs low?

If a nation is essentially disunited, it is left to the government to hold it together. This increases the expense of government, and reduces correspondingly the amount of economic resources that could be used for developing the country. And it should not be forgotten how small those resources are in a poor and backward country. Where the cost of government is high, resources for development are correspondingly low.

This may be illustrated by comparing the position of a nation with that of a private business enterprise. An enterprise has to incur certain costs and expenses in order to stay in business. For our purposes, we are concerned only with one kind of cost -- the cost of managing and administering the business. Such administrative overheads in a business are analogous to the cost of government in a nation. The administrative overheads of a business are low to the extent that everyone working in the business can be trusted to behave in a way that best promotes the interests of the firm. If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities. and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overheads will be low. It will be low because it will be necessary to have only one man looking after each job, without having another man to check upon what he is doing, keep him in line, and report on him to someone else. But if no one can be trusted to act in a loyal and responsible manner towards his job, then the business will require armies of administrators, checkers, and foremen and administrative overheads will rise correspondingly. As administrative overheads rise, so the earnings of the business after meeting he expense of administration, will fall; and the business will have less money to distribute as dividends or invest directly in its future progress and development.

新概念第四册Lesson46~48课文翻译及学习笔记

【导语】新概念英语作为家喻户晓的经典之作，它有着全新的教学理念，有趣的课⽂内容及其全⾯的技能训练，为⼴⼤的英语学习者提供帮助！如果你也想学好英语，⼜怎能错过新概念英语？下⾯为您提供了相关内容，希望对您有所帮助！

新概念第四册Lesson46课⽂翻译及学习笔记

【课⽂】

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。

Who, according to the author, are 'Fortune's favoured children'?

A gifted American psychologist has said, 'Worry is a spasm of the emotion; the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go.' It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. The stronger the will, the more futile the task. One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. And if this something else is rightly chosen, if it really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins.

新概念第四册课文新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson40、41、42】

新概念第四册课文新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记

【Lesson40、41、42】

新概念第四册课文新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记

【Lesson40、41、42】

【导语】新概念英语作为一套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课文内容和全面的技能训练，深受广大英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。为了方便同学们的学习，大为大家了最全面的新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记，希望为大家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!

First listen and then answer the following question.

What false impression does an ocean wave convey to the observer?

Waves are the children of the struggle between ocean and atmosphere, the ongoing signatures of infinity. Rays from the sun excite and energize the atmosphere of the earth, awakening it to flow, to movement, to rhythm, to life. The wind then speaks the message of the sun to the sea and the sea transmits it on through waves -- an ancient, exquisite, powerful message.

新概念英语第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson34

【课⽂】 First listen and then answer the following question. 听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。 What do adolescents respect in parents? Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed. They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents. Such loss of dignity and descent into childish behaviour on the part of the adults deeply shocks the adolescents, and make them resolve that in future they will not talk to their parents about the places or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves . Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it. The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. What the child cannot forgive is the parent's refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true. Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt. Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent. It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment. DOTID OFLUM Journey Through Adolescence 【New words and expressions ⽣词和短语】 adverse adj. 不利的 adolescence n. 青春期 slur n. 抵毁 adolescent n. 青少年(12-18岁) disloyalty n. 不忠实 spiteful adj. 恶意的，怀恨的 dignity n.端庄，⾼贵，尊严 disillusionment n.幻灭感 evaluation n. 评价 infallibility n. ⼀贯正确 resent v. 怨恨 sincerity n. 诚挚 victorian adj. 维多利亚式的 retreat v. 后退 unreasoning adj. 不凭理智的 authoritarian adj.专制的 cow v. 吓唬【课⽂注释】 1.slur n. 诽谤, 耻辱, 污点, 污迹例句：He took the remarks as a slur on his reputation. 他把这些话当作是对他的名誉的中伤。 She had dared to cast a slur on his character. 她竟敢对他的⼈品加以诋毁。 2.spiteful adj. 恶意的,怀恨的例句：Walter's spiteful remarks were quite uncalled for. 沃尔特恶意的话完全是多余的。 He had been a spiteful sort of man. 他是⼀个善于怀恨的男⼈。 3.descent n. ①下降, 下坡例句：There was a descent of temperature after rain. ⾬后⽓温下降了。 ②家世, ⾎统例句：He traces his descent back to an old norman family. 他追踪⾃⼰的世系上溯⾄⼀个古⽼的诺曼家族。 4.on the part of 在......⼀边例句：Contentment, on his part, took no vulgar form. 就他⽽⾔，满⾜从来没有以庸俗的⽅式表现出来。 5.resolve v. ①决定例句：He resolved that nothing should hold him back. 他下决⼼不让任何事情阻挡他。 ②解决例句：Intensive efforts are being made to resolve the dispute. 现正全⼒以赴来解决这场纠纷。 ③分解例句：We can resolve the problem into more elementary items. 我们能够把这个问题分解成更基本的细⽬。【词义辨析】 decide, determine, resolve, settle 这些动词都含“决定”之意。 decide: 侧重指经过思考、⽐较、讨论或询问之后做出的决定。 determine:指经过深思熟虑，决⼼去做某事并坚持施⾏。 resolve: 语⽓较强，强调以坚定不移的信念去做或不做某事，暗含有远⼤抱负和坚强决⼼。 settle: 指排除犹豫、怀疑和争论之后作出明确的最终结论。 resolution, decision, determination, resolve 这些名词均含“决定、决⼼”之意。 resolution: 指⾃觉地正式表⽰的决⼼，含极强的主观能动意味，⽐如new year's resolution。 decision: 既可指重⼤的或⼀般的决定或决⼼，⼜可指在多种情况下作出果断的抉择，毫不犹豫地采取⾏动。 determination: 侧重坚定不移的顽强意志⼒。 resolve: 语⽓较强，强调克服感情上的软弱，下决⼼⼲具体的⼀件事。 solve, resolve 这两个动词均含“解决”之意。 solve: 普通⽤词，含义⼴，指为有⼀定难度的问题找到满意的解法或答复。 resolve: 主要指对问题或情况进⾏细微的分析或思索，以得出结论或解决途径。 6.they have brought this on themselves 他们是咎由⾃取 7.stand up to 经得起例句：That is why they cannot stand up to any serious test. 这就是为什么他们经受不住任何严重的考验。 Will this car stand up to winter conditions here? 这汽车经得起这⼉冬天的⽓候条件吗? 8.retreat v. 撤退，后退例句：After several reverses the enemy was forced to retreat. ⼏经失败之后，敌军被迫后撤。 9.cow vt. 恐吓，吓唬例句：The generals tried to cow opposition to their military rule by imprisoning their leaders. 这些将军通过监禁领导⼈来威吓反对军事统治的⼈。 10.face up to 正视例句：He must face up to the fact that he is no longer young. 他应该勇於正视⾃⼰不再年轻这⼀事实。【参考译⽂】当家长听到孩⼦赞扬⾃⼰朋友的家时，总感到不安，认为孩⼦在嫌弃⾃家的饭菜、卫⽣、或家具，⽽且愚蠢地让孩⼦看出⾃⼰的烦恼。他们甚⾄责备孩⼦不忠，或者讲些⼩朋友家长的坏话。家长这种有失⾝份和孩⼦⽓的作法使青春期的孩⼦⼤为震惊，决⼼以后不再向⽗母讲述去过的地⽅和见过的⼈。不要很久,家长就会抱怨孩⼦守⼝如瓶，什么事也不告诉他们，殊不知这是他们⾃找的。不管家长的⼈品有多么好，作为⽗母有多么合格，孩⼦们对家长幻想的破灭在某种程度上是不可避免的。除⾮⽗母⾃⾝不能令⼈满意，⼤多数孩⼦对⽗母估价过⾼，以致这种估价很难指望经受住现实的考验。如果家长意识到孩⼦们通常是多么相信家长的品⾏和绝对正确，意识到孩⼦们的这种信念会对孩⼦产⽣多么⼤的影响，那么家长会⼤为吃惊和深受感动的。如果家长对青少年的这种反应有思想准备，并且意识到这象征着孩⼦们正在成熟和正在发展宝贵的观察⼒、独⽴判断⼒，那么他们就不会那样伤⼼，也就不会由于怨恨和抵触这种反应，⽽把孩⼦推到⾃⼰的对⽴⾯去。青少年酷爱真诚，对于能够承认错误或⽆知、甚⾄承认⾃⼰做得不公平或不公正的⽗母，他们总是尊敬的，孩⼦们所不能原谅的是：⽗母错了，孩⼦们也看出来了，可是做⽗母的还不肯承认。维多利亚时代的⽗母认为，他们可以靠⽆理的权威⽓派来维护⾃⼰的尊严，实际上那是根本不⾏的。孩⼦们只不过被吓得不敢让⽗母知道⾃⼰的想法罢了。虽然现在我们倾向于⾛向另⼀个极端，但总地来看，孩⼦和家长双⽅态度都⽐较端正。遇事采取⾯对现实的态度总是⽐较明智和稳妥的，尽管会有暂时的痛苦。

新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记（Lesson13~15）

【导语】学习新概念英语并不难啊。你还在为英语成绩低拖后腿⽽烦恼吗？不要着急，⼩编为⼤家提供了“新概念第四册课⽂翻译及学习笔记（Lesson13~15）”。相信加⼊学习当中的你，很快便不再受英语的困扰！还在等什么？和⼩编⼀起来学习吧！

新概念第四册课⽂翻译及学习笔记（Lesson13）

【课⽂】

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。

What do oilmen want to achieve as soon as they strike oil?

The deepest holes of all are made for oil, and they go down to as much as 25,0000 feet. But we do not need to send men down to get the oil out, as we must with other mineral deposits. The holes are only borings, less than a foot in diameter. My particular experience is largely in oil, and the search for oil has done more to improve deep drilling than any other mining activity. When it has been decided where we are going to drill, we put up at the surface an oil derrick. It has to be tall because it is like a giant block and tackle, and we have to lower into the ground and haul out of the ground great lengths of drill pipe which are rotated by an engine at the top and are fitted with a cutting bit at the bottom.

新概念英语第四册课文翻译及学习笔记：Lesson45

【课⽂】

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。

What is the most influential factor in any human society?

In man's early days. competition with other creatures must have been critical. But this phase of our development is now finished. Indeed, we lack practice and experience nowadays in dealing with primitive conditions. I am sure that, without modern weapons, I would make a very poor show of disputing the ownership of a cave with a bear, and in this I do not think that I stand alone. The last creature to compete with man was the mosquito. But even the mosquito has been subdued by attention to drainage and by chemical sprays.

新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson7~9

【导语】新概念英语⽂章短⼩精悍，语句幽默诙谐，语法全⾯系统。适合各个阶层的⼈群学习参考。相信有了新概念英语，你也可以成为“⼤神”级别的⼈物！还在等什么？快来加⼊学习吧！⼩编与您⼀起学习进步！

新概念第四册课⽂翻译及学习笔记Lesson7

【课⽂】

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。

In what way does echo-location in bats play an utilitarian role?

Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echo-location in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly utilitarian role.

To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions. Everyone knows that if he shouts in the vicinity ofa wall or a mountainside, an echo will come back. The further off this solid obstruction, the longer time will elapse for the return of the echo. A sound made by tapping on the hull of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, and by measuring the time interval between the taps and the receipt of the echoes, the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated. So was born the echo-sounding apparatus, now in general use in ships. Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying according to the size and nature of the object. A shoal of fish will do this. So it is a comparatively simple step from locating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish. With experience, and with improved apparatus, it is now possible not only to locate a shoal but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish, by the pattern of its echo.

新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson1、2、3】

【导语】新概念英语作为⼀套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课⽂内容和全⾯的技能训练，深受⼴⼤英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。为了⽅便同学们的学习，为⼤家整理了⾯的新概念第四册课⽂翻译及学习笔记，希望为⼤家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!

Lesson1

【课⽂】

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。

Why are legends handed down by storytellers useful?

We can read of things that happened 5,000 years ago in the Near East, where people first learned to write. But there are some parts of the world where even now people cannot write. The only way that they can preserve their history is to recount it as sagas -- legends handed down from one generation of story tellers to another. These legends are useful because they can tell us something about migrations of people who lived long ago, but none could write down what they did. Anthropologists wondered where the remote ancestors of the Polynesian peoples now living in the Pacific Islands came from. The sagas of these people explain that some of them came from Indonesia about 2,000 years ago.

新概念英语第四册原文翻译详细笔记

Royal espionage 王室谍报活动

Alfred the Great acted his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel. In those days wandering minstrels were welcome everywhere. They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport. Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring. While Alfred's little army slowly began to gather at Athelney, the king himself set out to penetrate the camp of Guthrum, the commander of the Danish invaders. There had settled down for the winter at Chippenham: thither Alfred went.

He noticed at once that discipline was slack: the Danes had the self-confidence of conquerors, and their security precautions were casual. They lived well, on the proceeds of raids on neighboring regions.

新概念英语第4册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson25~27

【导语】新概念英语⼀共144课。整本书⽆论是语法还是词汇，题材还是语句，都有其出彩之处。正是因为如此，新概念英语更是经久不衰，深受⼴⼤英语学习者的喜爱。⽆忧考为您整理了“新概念英语第4册课⽂翻译及学习笔记Lesson25~27”，希望可以帮助到您！

新概念英语第4册课⽂翻译及学习笔记Lesson25

【课⽂】

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。

What conclusion does the author draw about noise and health in this piece?

May people in industry and the Services, who have practical experience of noise, regard any investigation of this question as a waste of time; they are not prepared even to admit the possibility that noise affects people. On the other hand, those who dislike noise will sometimes use most inadequate evidence to support their pleas for a quieter society. This is a pity, because noise abatement really is a good cause, and it is likely to be discredited if it gets to be associated with had science.

新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记Lesson31~33

【导语】为了⽅便同学们的学习，⽆忧考为您精⼼整理了“新概念第四册课⽂翻译及学习笔记Lesson31~33”，希望有了这些内容的帮助，可以为⼤家学习新概念英语提供帮助！如果您想要了解更多新概念英语的相关内容，就请关注⽆忧考吧！

新概念第四册课⽂翻译及学习笔记Lesson31

【课⽂】

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录⾳，然后回答以下问题。

What do you have to be able to do to appreciate sculpture?

Appreciation of sculpture depends upon the ability to respond to form in three dimension. That is perhaps why sculpture has been desc ribed as the most difficult of all arts; certainly it is more difficult than the arts which involve appreciation of flat forms, shape in only two dimensions. Many more people are 'form-blind' than colour-blind. The child learning to see, first distinguishes only two-dimensional shape; it cannot judge distances, depths. Later, for its personal safety and practical needs, it has to develop (partly by means of touch) the ability to judge roughly three-dimensonal distances. But having satisfied the requirements of practical necessity, most people go no further. Though they may attain considerable accuracy in the perception of flat form, they do not make the further intellectual and emotional effort needed to comprehend form in its full spatial existence.

新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson46、47、48】

【导语】新概念英语作为⼀套世界闻名的英语教程，以其全新的教学理念，有趣的课⽂内容和全⾯的技能训练，深受⼴⼤英语学习者的欢迎和喜爱。为了⽅便同学们的学习，⽆忧考为⼤家整理了⾯的新概念第四册课⽂翻译及学习笔记，希望为⼤家的新概念英语学习提供帮助!

Lesson46

【课⽂】

Punctuality is a necessary habit in all public affairs in civilized society. Without it, nothing could ever be brought to a conclusion; everything would be in state of chaos. Only in a sparsely-populated rural community is it possible to disregard it. In ordinary living, there can be some tolerance of unpunctuality. The intellectual, who is working on some abstruse problem, has everything coordinated and organized for the matter in hand. He is therefore forgiven if late for a dinner party. But people are often reproached for unpunctuality when their only fault is cutting things fine. It is hard for energetic, quick-minded people to waste time, so they are often tempted to finish a job before setting out to keep an appointment. If no accidents occur on the way, like punctured tires, diversions of traffic, sudden descent of fog, they will be on time. They are often more industrious, useful citizens than those who are never late. The over-punctual can be as much a trial to others as the unpunctual. The guest who arrives half an hour too soon is the greatest nuisance. Some friends of my family had this irritating habit. The only thing to do was ask them to come half an hour later than the other guests. Then they arrived just when we wanted them.

新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson10、11、12】

新概念第四册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson10、11、

12】

【课文】

First listen and then answer the following question.

听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What does the computer industry thrive on apart from anarchy?

Technology trends may push Silicon Valley back to the future. Carver Mead, a pioneer in integrated circuits and a professor of computer science at the California Institute of Technology, notes there are now work-stations that enable engineers to design, test and produce chips right on their desks, much the way an editor creates a newsletter on a Macintosh. As the time and cost of making a chip drop to a

few days and a few hundred dollars, engineers may soon be

free to let their imaginations soar without being penalized