Lecture 1-2 The nomenclature of inorganic compounds-2017-2

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2009_LA_lecture 2 Section__ 1-2

公务员的权利
★获得履行职责应当具有的工作条件； ★非因法定事由、非经法定程序，不被免职、降职、辞退或者处分； ★获得工资报酬，享受福利、保险待遇；参加培训； ★对机关工作和领导人员提出批评和建议； ★提出申诉和控告； ★申请辞职； ★法律规定的其他权利。
处理人事争议的法定途径
（1）申诉。（2）控告。（3）仲裁。（4）诉讼。
★1、结婚 ★2、家庭关系 ★ 3、离婚
案例：
张某（男）与何某（女）是同乡，从小一起长大，感情很好，初中毕业后一起回家务农。1995年3月，在张某20岁生日时，俩人经父母同意决定结婚，由于当时张某还没有达到法定婚龄，不能办理结婚登记，所以在双方父母的操办下，按当地的习俗举行了婚礼，开始了共同生活，并于1996年10月生育一子。1998年，张某外出打工，何某为照顾孩子留下与公婆共同生活，并承担了家庭的全部劳动。其间，张某定期给家里寄钱并于每年春节时回家探望, 2000年8月，张某打
◆所谓创业则是通过发挥自己的主动性和创造性，开辟新的工作岗位、拓展职业活动范围、创造新的业绩的实践过程。
树立正确的择业观和创业观，应做到：
择业观
◆树立崇高职业理想，重视人生价值实现。
◆服从社会需要，追求长远利益。
◆打下坚实基础，做好充分准备。
创业观
◆一是要有积极创业的思想准备。
◆二是要有敢于创业的勇气。
一是维护劳动者合法权益与兼顾用人单位
利益相结合的原则。二是按劳分配与公平救助相结合的原则。三是劳动者平等竞争与特殊劳动保护相结
合的原则。四是劳动行为自主与劳动标准制约相结合
的原则。
劳动者权利
●平等就业和选择职业的权利；取得劳动报酬的权利；休息休假的权利；获得劳动安全卫生保护的权利；接受职业技能培训的权利；享受社会保险和福利的权利；提请劳动争议处理的权利； ●法律、法规规定的其他权利

Lesson 4 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds

HNO2
Nitrous acid
2.4 Coordination Complex 配合物
① Ligands
Negative ions as ligands：Ligand = Element’s root –o
CN- Cyano NO3- Nitrato
NO2Cl-
Nitro
F- Fluoro
Chloro Br- Bromo
④有氧酸
高某酸根 per-ate
高某酸 per-ic
正酸根 –ate
正酸 –ic
亚酸根 –ite
亚酸 -ous
次酸根 hypo-ite
次酸 hypo-ous
H2CO3 Carbonic acid
H2SO4
Sulfuric acid
H2SO3 Sulfurous acid
HNO3
Nitric acid
2.2 Metal Compounds 金属化合物
① Naming metal ions (cations) 阳离子命名
Single valence ions Cation’s name = Element
例如：Na+
Sodium
Al3+ Aluminium
Multivalence ions Cation’s name = element(N)
since this is the property that determines its chemical behavior.
Nomenclature [‘nəʊmən,kleɪtʃə] n.命名法，术语
元素这一术语是指由单一种类的原子所组成的纯物质。对化学家而
言，原子的种类由它的原子数决定，因为原子数决定了它的化学行为。

Lesson 2 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds and Chemical Formulas

最大正氧化数通常与元素所在元素周期表中的基团数相同(除氟、氧、惰性气体、ⅠB和ⅧB基的几个元素和内部过渡元素外)。
• The sum of oxidation numbers of all atoms in a molecule is zero; in an ion, the sum is the charge of the ion.
• 【第三段】This “chemical alphabet” is very useful and an artificial language for expression of the structures of various compounds has been accepted on its basis. A chemical formula is a representation of the number and kind of atoms in molecule of a substance and it is used addition (or in place ) of the name of the substance in question.
教学重点难点
专业英语词汇、专业词汇构词法、专业英语特点、课文翻译。
inorganic [ˌinɔ:ˈgænik] adj.无机的 nomenclature [ˈnəumənˌkleitʃə] n.系统命名法 oxidation [ˌɔksiˈdeiʃən] n.氧化 anion [ˈænaiən] n.阴离子 hydroxide [haiˈdrɔksaid] n.氢氧化物 cyanide [ˈsaiəˌnaid] n.氰化物 sodium [ˈsəudi:əm] n.钠 potassium [pəˈtæsi:əm] n.钾 suffix [ˈsʌfiks] n.后缀 prefix [ˈpri:fiks] n.前缀

高中英语 Module 2《The Renaissance-Reading and Vocabula

Reading and Vocabulary外研版Step 1 PresentationThe teachers words: Look at the title . Renaissance usually means a new growth of something , especially art, literature or music. Judging from the title, what do you think Renaissance will refer to in this article? What time, what place and what persons do you guess will be mentioned here？On this basis , finish the activity 1 .1.Classical (c) refer to ancient Greece and Rome2.Medieval (a) refers to the Middle Ages(from about 1100 to1500)3.Gothic (d) refers to a typical style of art andarchitecture in theMiddle Ages4.Renaissance (b) refers to the period which followed theMiddleAgesStep 2 Go through each paragraph.Read the first paragraphCheck the following sentences are facts (F) or opinions (O ) … the Mona Lisa is a mysterious masterpiece. (O )What is the main idea of the first paragraph?the introduction of the Mina LisaPara 2 1.Questions1)Why was the Renaissance given this name?Because it has the concept of “rebirth”2)When and where did the Renaissance begin?It took place in the 14th---16th century in Italy.2. It was as if Europe was waking up after the long sleep of the Middle Ages. (facts or opinions )3. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?The implication of the RenaissancePara 3What does it mean that Europe was getting richer, too?This means that people had money to spend on the arts ; and it becameeasier for artists to find people who could afford to buy their works oremploy them.What is the main idea of the third paragraph?The development of trade becomes one of the factors of the RenaissancePara 41.What was new about ( a ) painting (b) music (c) architecture?(a)p erspective and effects of light (b) polyphonic music (c)lighter building2. Renaissance artists found new ideas for their work in classical Greece and Rome. (facts or opinions )What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph?They formed the new ideas on panting, music, and architecture. Para 5 How did philosophy change at this time?People, not religion, were at the center of the universe. What is the main idea of the fifth paragraph?A change in ideas about religionFind out the factors that made the Renaissance possible.1.better living conditions2.the discovery of the new world3.international business4.a change in ideas about religion5.a change in climateThe key : 2,3, 4Para 6The Renaissance was a time of scientific invention, too.(facts or opinions)Why do people think Leonardo was an extraordinary genius aswell as a great artist？Besides being a famous painter, he was also a skilled worker inventor , who was well-known for his astonishing drawings of aeroplanes, parachutes, tanks and submarine.What is the main idea of the fifth paragraph?something that Leonardo did as a skilled inventor.Para 7 But even if his only contribution to history had been the Mona Lisa, it would have been genius enough for all time.(facts or opinions)What is the main idea of the last paragraph?His influence to history.Step 3 Finish activity 3 . The Key:1.architecture2. philosophy3. contribution4. employ5. trade6. art7. literature8. talentStep 4 Finish activity 4.1. mysterious2. perspective3. cathedral4. motivate5. go handin hand。

专英第二章(无机化学)

二。2
Company Logo
2.3 无氧酸
命名规则：hydro-词根-ic acid 举例： HCl: hydrochloric acid H2S : hydrosufuric acid
二。2
Company Logo
2.4 含氧酸与含氧酸根阴离子
❖ 化学专业英语用前后缀的不同组合显示不同价态的含氧酸和含氧酸根阴
❖ Inorganic chemistry is the study of the synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds. It has applications in every aspect of the chemical industry–including catalysis, materials science, pigments, surfactants, coatings, medicine, fuel, and agriculture. Inorganic chemists are employed in fields as diverse as the mining and microchip industries, environmental science, and education.
Aluminium Silicon
Phosphorus Sulfur
Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium
Indium Tin Thallium Lead
Antimony Tellurium Bismuth Polonium
Fluorine Helium Chlorine Neon Bromine Argon Iodine Krypton Astatine Xenon

Nomenclature

(Numerical Heat Transfer - Ms. #NHT95/1711 ) ABSTRACT
The primary objective of this study is to develop a numerical scheme for accurate and e cient simulation of phase change and transport processes of industrial importance. These processes may include a variety of heat transfer and ow mechanisms in irregularly shaped domains with moving and/or free boundaries. Based on the multizone adaptive grid generation (MAGG) technique 1], a curvilinear nite volume scheme has been developed to discretize the governing equations. The combination of these two techniques provides a powerful tool for numerical modeling of complex transport processes. Several problems are considered to demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of the proposed method. They are (a) natural convection in a di erentially heated eccentric annuli, (b) solidi cation of a pure material in a rectangular enclosure, (c) solidi cation in an open cavity with shrinkage due to volume change, and (d) Czochralski crystal growth of silicon. The predictions show a good agreement with experimental data, much better than the previously reported numerical solutions. 1

2 Naming Inorganic Compounds

9

Most of the metals that can form more than one cation are transition metals. The charges of these ions are indicated by Roman numerals. The metals that form only one cation are those of group 1A (Na+, K+, and Rb+) and group 2A (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2), as well as Al3+ (group 3A) and two transition-metal ions: Ag+(group 1B) and Zn2+ (group 2B). Charges are not expressed explicitly when naming these ions. However, if there is any doubt in your mind whether a metal forms more than one cation, use a Roman numeral to indicate the charge. It is never wrong to do so, even though it may be unnecessary.
11

(c) Cations formed from nonmetal atoms have names that end in –ium:
NH4+ H3O+

ammonium ion hydronium ion

lesson 4 nomenclature

The majority of these compounds contain a metal and nonmetal. The chemical name is composed of the name of the metal, which is written first, followed by the name of the nonmetal, which has been modified to an identifying stem plus the suffix “-ide”.
FeCl2 CuCl
Ferrous chloride Cuprous chloride
FeCl3 CuCl2
Ferric chloride Cupric chloride
Exercises
Try to write down the two systems of nomenclature of Hg2O & HgO Hg2O：mercurous oxide; mercury (Ⅰ)oxide HgO： mercuric oxide； mercury (II) oxide
Formula Cu+ official name Copper (Ⅰ) Classical name cuprous
Cu2+
Fe2+ Fe3+
Copper (II)
Iron (II) Iron (Ⅲ)
cupric
ferrous ferric
(3) Binary compounds containing two nonmetals. 含两种非金属的…
NH4Cl
(ammonium chloride); NaOH Sodium hydroxide; KCN Potassium cyanide.

外研社学术英语(第二版)综合Unit 2 (教师用书U2

Unit 2 EconomicsI Teaching ObjectivesAfter learning Unit 2, students (Ss) are expected to develop the following academic skills and knowledge:II Teaching Activities and ResourcesReadingText ALead-inTeaching StepsAsk Ss to work in pairs and do the task in Lead-in. Then invite several Ss to share their answers with the whole class.Answer Keys1.The invisible hand.2.Our economic life is made possible by the skill and labor of vast numbers of totalstrangers.The activities of countless far-flung men and women have to be intricately choreographed and precisely timed. However, no one coordinates it, and yet they do cooperate. It’s “the invisible hand” —the mysterious power that leads innumerable people, each working for his own gain, to promote ends that benefit many. Out of the seeming chaos of millions of uncoordinated private transactions emerges the spontaneousText AnalysisTeaching Steps1.OverviewAsk Ss to preview Text A before class. Or, allocate some time for Ss to read the text quickly in class. Then invite several Ss to summarize the main idea of Text A.2.In-Depth Analysis1)Show Ss the following words and ask them to contribute to the class as muchas possible with what they know about these words. Provide additional information in Supplementary Information when necessary.•the invisible hand•free-market economy•economic downturn•An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations2)Explain some important language points in Language Support to Ss.3)Discuss with Ss the invisible hand in the author’s eyes by doing Task 1 inCritical reading and thinking.4)Organize a group discussion about the questions from Task 2 in Criticalreading and thinking. Encourage Ss to think independently, critically and creatively and share their ideas with each other.Supplementary Information1.free-market economyIn a free market economy, the laws and forces of supply and demand, rather than a central government, regulate production and labor. The prices for goods and services are self-regulated by buyers and sellers negotiating in an open market.Most companies and resources are not owned by the state. Instead, they are owned by private individuals or entities who are free to trade contracts with each other. 2.economic downturnAn economic downturn is a general slowdown in economic activity over a sustained period of time. It occurs when the value of stocks, property, and commodities fall, productivity either grows more slowly or declines, and GDP shrinks, stands still or expands more slowly. It can happen in a specific region (e.g.the Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s) or on a global scale (e.g. the global financial crisis in the late 2000s). The main features of an economic downturn include rising unemployment, falling share and house prices, low consumer confidence and declining investment.4．An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations（《国富论》）An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, usually abbreviated as The Wealth of Nations, is Adam Smith’s masterpiece. It was first published in 1776, and is widely considered to be the first modern work in economics. Through reflection over the economics at the beginning of theIndustrial Revolution, the book touches upon broad topics such as the division of labor, productivity and free markets.Language Support1.Individual buyers and sellers will act according to what is in their own bestinterests. (Para. 2)The phrase “in one’s interest” means “for one’s benefit or advantage”（为了……的利益；为……着想）. There are some relevant expressions, such as “in the interest of one”, “in one’s own interest”, and “in one’s best interest”.e.g. It’s obviously in their interest to increase profits.I suspect it’s in your own best interest to quit now.2.Customers are likewise typically looking out for their self-interests. (Para. 4)The word “likewise” is used to signal a comparison that explains how things are similar（同样的；此外）.e.g. In this episode, we will likewise deal with another extremely commonquestion.Just water these plants twice a week, and likewise the ones in the bedroom.Other special words and expressions are often used to signal the comparison of two or more people, places, things, ideas, etc. Here are some examples of these signposts for your reference:similarly, both, just as, and also, resemble, parallel, in the same manner, inthe same way, alike, equally3.The market becomes more efficient as buyers and sellers move in the samedirection—as if directed by an invisible hand. (Para. 5)这里的as if用于省略句。

2012年新版自考英语（二）讲义第1课至第4课

2012年新版自考英语（二）讲义第1课至第4课2013年自考“英语（二）”备考资料（新版教材unit 1）Unit 1 T he P o wer of L angu ageI. Ne w w or ds a nd ex p r es s ionsNe w wor ds1. c r itic a l a dj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的2. no n-f ic tion n. 纪实文学3. pos iti on n. 观点；态度；立场4. s tatem ent n. 说明；说法；表态5. qu es tio n v. 表示疑问；怀疑out of ques ti on / ou t of the q ues ti on6. e va luat e v. 估计；评价；评估7. c ont ex t n. 事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉8. v al ue n. v al ues [p l.]是非标准；价值观va lu abl ein va lua bl e=pr ic el es sva lu eles s9. r epr es e nt v. 描述；表现r epr es ent ati ve adj./n.10. as s er ti on n. 明确肯定；断言11. s uf f ic ient a dj. 足够的；充足的s uf f ic ienc yins uf f ic ient12. s tat is tic n. s tat is ti c s [pl.]统计数字；统计资料13. inte gr ate v.（使）合并，成为一体14. a uth or it y n.专家；学术权威；泰斗an/the aut hor it y on s th.aut hor i ze15. c om par e v. 比较；对比c om par e A wit h Bc om par e A to B16. s ubj ec t n. 主题；题目；题材17. c ons is tent adj. 相符的；符合的18. inc ons is t enc y n. 不一致19. as s um ption n. 假定；假设20. c as e n. 具体情况；事例in c as ein c as e of f ir ein c as e th at…a c as e in poi ntc onf ir m ed/s us pec ted c as es21. d ir ec tl y a d v. 直接地；径直地22. ide ntif y v. 找到；发现23. va lid adj. 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的v al idi t y n. 有效性，正确（性）in va li d24. c r ed ib le a dj. 可信的；可靠的inc r ed ib le=u nbe li e vab le25. lan dm ark n.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑26. r e le van t adj. 紧密相关的；切题的r ele va nc y n. 关联；恰当ir r el ev ant27. c ur r ent adj. 现时发生的；当前的28. a ppr o pr iat e adj. 合适的；恰当的in appr opr ia teIt's (not) a ppr o pr ia te th at ….29. b ias n. 偏见；偏心；偏向30. c ons ider a bl y a dv.非常；很；相当多地c ons id erc ons id er in gc ons id er ab lec ons id er atec ons id er at ion31. D em oc r at n. （美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者民32. R epu bl ic an n. （美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者33. r ef lec t v. 显示；表明；表达34. inf or m ed adj. 有学问的；有见识的we ll-i nf orm edi ll-i nf orm edPhr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons1. ap pl y t o 使用；应用2. pu t f or th 提出；产生3. tak e … i nto ac c oun t 考虑到；顾及4. ac c ept/tak e … at f ac e v alu e 相信表面；信以为真5. wi th a gr ai n of s alt有保留地；持怀疑态度地II. T ex t Lear n ingCr itic a l R e ad ing① (1)Cr itic a l r e adi ng app lies t o n on-f ic tion wr i tin g i n whic h t he a uthorputs f or th a p os it ion or s eek s to m ak e a s tatem ent. Cr it ic al r e ad ing is ac tiv e r ea di ng. I t i nv o lv es m o r e than j us t（不只是，不仅仅是）under s ta nd ing what a n aut hor is s a yi ng. Cr itic a l r eadi ng in vol vesques ti on ing an d e va lu atin g wh at t he a uth or is s a yi ng, an d f orm ing yo ur o wn o pi nio ns ab out w hat t he a uth or is s a yi ng. H er e ar e the thi n gs yo u s houl d do to be a c r iti c al r ead er.（启下句）本部分重点及难点：1. C r it ic al r ead ing ap pli es to non-f ic tio n wr iti ng in whic h t he aut horputs f or th a p os it ion or s eek s to m ak e a s tatem ent.app l y to s b./s th.= b e ap pl ic abl e to s b./s t h.app l y的派生词：app lic at ion, ap pl ic ant, ap plic a bl e② Cons ider t he c o nte x t of wh at is wr itte n. You m a y be r ea di ngs om ethin g th at was w r itten b y an aut hor f r om a diff er ent c ultur alc ontex t th an yo ur s. (2)O r, you m a y be r ead i ng s om ething wr itt en s ome tim e ago i n a dif f er ent tim e c ontex t th an yo ur s. (3)In ei ther c as e,yo u m us t r ec ogni ze and t ak e into ac c ou nt a n y dif f er enc es bet we en yourva lues a nd atti tud es and t hos e r e pr es ent e d b y th e au thor.本部分重点及难点：2. O r, yo u m a y be r ea din g s om ething wr itt e n s om e tim e ago in adif f er ent tim e c ontex t than yo ur s.s om e tim e注意区分：s om etim e / s om etim es / s om e tim es3. In eit her c as e, yo u m us t r ec ogni ze and t ak e into acc ou nt a n ydif f er enc es bet we en your v alu es an d at tit ud es and thos e r epr es e ntedb y t he auth or. 不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。

学术综合英语1-5课课文及翻译

Presenting a speech（做演讲）Of all human creations，language may be the most remarkable。

Through language we share experience, formulate values，exchange ideas, transmit knowledge，and sustain culture。

Indeed，language is vital to think itself. Contrary to popular belief］, language | does not simply mirror reality but also helps to create our sense of reality ［by giving meaning to events］.在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。

我们用语言来分享经验，传递价值观,交流思想,传播知识，传承文化。

事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。

和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实,语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。

——语序的调整。

Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker's craft。

They have special uses，just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately，clearly,vividly,and appropriately。

Fermion in the Nonabelian Gauge Field Theory in 2+1 Dimensions

2 2 −1 ˜)2 )[γ µ (pµ + gAµ ) + m]− (p 2 − (m − θ S (p) = [(p2 − m2 eﬀ 1 )(p − meﬀ 2 )]
Aa µ =
(a)
θ aµ (a) δ χλω , 2g
(2)
with normalized constant vector χλω = (λi, λωi, ω ) satisfy the ﬁeld equations with the ChernSimons term without external currents. In (2) λ = ±1 and ω = ±1 take its values independently. The Kronecker delta δ aµ in (2) implies that directions 1, 2, 3 in the color space correspond to directions 1, 2, 0 in the Minkowski 2 + 1 space-time, respectively. In what follows, like in [2], where corrections to the gluon energy were considered, these solutions are chosen as the background. Considering the one-loop corrections, it is suﬃcient to retain only the terms in the Lagrangian (1) quadratic in the quantum ﬁelds. They determine the quark energy spectrum in the gauge ﬁeld (2) 2 2 2 2 ε2 ε2 1 = p + meﬀ 1 , 2 = p + meﬀ 2 , where ˜2 m2 eﬀ 1 = (m − θ ) , ˜ ˜ m2 eﬀ 2 = (m − θ )(m + 3θ ) (3)

高级英语第二册第四课学习辅导资料

symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. For I have sworn before you and Almighty God the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago.abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe, the belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state but from the hand of God.word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.loyalty of faithful friends. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.word that one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny. We shall not always expect to find them supporting our view. But we shall always hope to find them strongly supporting their own freedom, and to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.bonds of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves, for whatever period is required, not because the Communists may be doing it, not because we seek their votes, but because it is right. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.our good words into good deeds, in a new alliance for progress, to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. Let all our neighbors know that we shall join with them to oppose aggression or subversion anywhere in the Americas.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace, we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak, and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run.not a pledge but a request: that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction.beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.our present course--both sides overburdened by the cost of modern weapons, both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom, yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war.weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.problems which divide us.the inspection and control of arms and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce.to "undo the heavy burdens...(and) let the oppressed go free".both sides join in creating a new endeavor, not a new balance of power, but a new world of law, where the strong are just and the weak secure and the peace preserved.in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin.failure of our course. Since this country was founded, each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. The graves of youngAmericans who answered the call to service surround the globe.we need; not as a call to battle, though embattled we are; but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle, year in and year out, "rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation," a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease and war itself.South, East and West, that can assure a more fruitful life for all mankind? Will you join in the historic effort?role of defending freedom in its hour of maximum danger. I do not shrink from this responsibility; I welcome it. I do not believe that any of us would exchange places with any other people or any other generation. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.what you can do for your country.together we can do for the freedom of man.here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. With a good conscienceour only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love, asking His blessing and His help, but knowing that here on earth God's work must truly be our own.(from A Treasury of the World's Great Speeches, 1965)1. inaugural address: since 1937, Inauguration Day has been changed to Jan. 20. On this day every four years the newly elected president of the United States faces the people for the first time, takes the presidential oath of office and delivers his inaugural address.2. solemn oath: the presidential oath, traditionally administered by the Chief Justice, is prescribed in Article II, section 1 of the Constitution of the United States. The oath runs as follows: "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States. "3. The belief that the rights of man.., hand of God: refers to a passage in the American Declaration of Independence: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. "4. command of Isaiah: one of the greatest Hebrew prophets whose writings are extant (late 8th century B. C. ) ; venerated by rabbis as 2nd only to Moses. The Book of Isaiah, a book in the Old Testament of the Bible of the Christian, is believed to be a work of two authors of different periods; chapters 1--39 relate to the history of the Israelites; chapters 40--66 foretell the coming of the Messiah. The quotation in the text is taken from chapter 58, verse 6: "Is not this the fast that I have chosen? to loose the bands of wickedness, to undo the heavy burdens, and to let the oppressed go free, and that ye break every yoke?"1.To know the features of a political speech.2.To analyze the structure of this address3.To appreciate the language features of Kennedy’s address4.To be acquainted with some English speechesTeaching Contents1.J.F. Kennedy2.The characteristics of a political speech3.Detailed study of the textanizational patternnguage features6.Exercises7.English speechTime allocation1.John Kennedy (15 min.)2.The characteristics of a political speech (10 min.)3.Detailed study of the text (100 min.)4.Structure analysis (15 min.)nguage appreciation (15 min.)6.English speeches (25 min)词汇(Vocabulary)inaugural (adj.) : of an inauguration就职(典礼)的signify (v.) : be a sign or indication of；mean表明；意味almighty (adj.) : having unlimited power；all—powerful有无限权力的；全能的forebear (n.) : an ancester 祖先，祖宗prescribe (v.) : set down as a rule or direction；order；ordain；direct命令；指示；规定，订立generosity (n.) : the quality of being generous慷慨；宽宏大量heir (n.) : person who appears to get some trait from a predecessor or seems to carry on in his tradition继承者；后嗣foe (n.) : enemy；opponent敌人undoing (n.) : the act of bringing to ruin，disgrace，or destruction毁灭；破坏at odds : in disagreement；quarreling意见不一致；有争执asunder (adv.) : into parts or pieces分成碎片；分散prey (n.) : a person or thing that falls victim to someone or something牺牲品；掠夺品subversion (n.) : a subverting or being subverted．ruin 颠覆(活动)；破坏sovereign (adj.) : independent of all others独立自主的outpace (v.) : surpass；exceed在速度上超过；胜过invective (n.) : a violent verbal attack．strong criticism，insults, curses, etc.; vituperation 抨击；辱骂，谩骂shield (n.) : any person or thing that guards，protects，or defends; protection保护人；防护物；保护writ (n.) : a formal legal document ordering or prohibiting some action命令；律令；文书；传票adversary (n.) : a person who opposes or fights against another; opponent；enemy对手，反对者；敌手，敌方anew (adv.) : again重新，再unleash (v.) : release from or as from a leash(解开皮带以)释放engulf (v.) : swallow up；overwhelm 吞没，淹没，压倒civility (n.) : politeness．esp. in a merely formal way 礼貌，客气belabor (v.) : talk about at unnecessary length唠唠叨叨地反复讲formulate (v.) : put together and express (a theory．plan ,etc.)a systematic way系统地阐述(或提出)(理论、计划等)tap (v.) : draw upon；make use of开发、发掘heed (v.) : pay close attention to；take careful notice of注意, 留神，留心beachhead (n.) : a position established by invading troops on an enemy shore；a position gained as a secare starting point for any action；foothold滩头堡，登陆场；立足点endeavor (n.) : an earnest attempt or effort努力，尽力testimony (n.) : any form of evidence，indication. etc.；proof证明，证据embattle (v.) : [常用于被动语态]prepare，array，or set in line for battle使准备战斗，使严阵以待tribulation (n.) : great misery or distress, as from oppression；deep sorrow苦难；困苦；忧伤forge (v.) : move forward steadily，as if against difficulties; form；produce(似乎迎着困难)稳步前进；形成；结成alliance (n.) : a close association for a common objective as of nations，political parties，etc．联盟，联合，同盟短语(Expressions)at issue : in dispute；to be decided；at variance；in disagreement意见不一致例：What is at issue is the ex tent to which exam results reflect a student’s ability.意见的分歧之处在于考试对于学生能力的影响程度。

Unit11教学参考

Unit11教学参考Audio-visual-oral English Course of Contemporary Medicine当代医学英语视听说教程Unit 11Stress ManagementSection A Pre-audio-visual TasksTask 1 Glossary PreviewGet familiar with the words and expressions listed below,and then match the meaning description or synonym with aproper word or expression in the list.unavoidable adj. productive adj. stressful adj. uncontrollable adj. forgetful adj. genetics n. chronic adj. imbalance n.max n.deadline n. psychologist n.不可避免的有⽣产能⼒的有压⼒的难以控制的健忘的遗传学慢性的失衡最⼤化最后期限⼼理学家mobilize v. motivate v. heighten v. adrenalin n. trigger v. delicate adj. overstress v. buster n. curb v. fragile adj. tanking adj. impending adj. layoff n. executive n. acute bout of boost v. therapist n. hip paintake a toll on fertility n. asthma n. vice versa 动员，组织驱使，激发…的兴趣提⾼，加强肾上腺素引发，触发精致的；微妙的施加过多压⼒消除⽅法抑制，限制，约束易碎的，易损的损失惨重的即将发⽣的，迫在眉睫的解雇⾏政⼈员，经理，董事急性发作增强，促进治疗师髋关节疼痛对…造成损失、毁坏⽣育⼒哮喘反之亦然therapeutic adj. restrict v. shallowly adv. posture n. blackberry n. exhale v.fog v. exacerbate v.治疗的，具有疗效的抑制，限制浅地，浅显地姿势，姿态⿊莓呼⽓⽤雾⽓笼罩恶化，加剧1. to limit the movements or actions of someone, or to limit something and reduce its size or prevent it from increasing2. to cause something to become higher or more intense3. easily damaged, broken or harmed4. way in which a person holds himself as he stands, walks or sits5. being about to occur; going to happen soon6. to cause somebody to become ready for service or action restrictheightenfragile postureimpending mobilize7. lack of balance or proportion8. chronic allergic illness causing wheezing and difficulty in breathing9. specialist in a particular therapy10. (especially of a disease) lasting for a long time and continually recurring11. of the art of healing or the cure ofdisease12. the other way round; with the terms orconditions revered13. hormone produced by the adrenal glandsthat increases the heart rate and stimulates the nervous system, causinga feeling of excitement14. making you feel worried and nervous;causing mental or emotional stress 15. set an action or a process in suddenmotion; be the cause of sudden reaction 16. study of the ways in whichcharacteristics are passed from parents to their offspring17. to cause somebody to act in a particular imbalance asthmatherapist chronictherapeuticvice versaadrenalinstressful trigger genetics motivateway; inspire18. dismissal of a worker, usually for a shorttime19. to breathe out; to emit breath or vapor20. in the habit of forgetting; likely to forget layoffexhale forgetfulTask 2 Pair-work DiscussionPonder over the following questions and discuss briefly each of them with your deskmates.1. What is stress?2. What life events may cause stress?3. What do you think of those stressors?4. In what sense is stress good for us?5. What advice would you offer to deal with stress?Section B Audio-visual TasksTask 3 Spot DictationListen to a passage three times and while listening, you areto put the missing word in each numbered blank accordingto what you hear.Stress affects everybody every day. It is your body’s reaction to physical, chemical, emotional or environmentalinfluences. Some stress is (1) unavoidable and may even be good for us. Stress can keep our bodies and minds strong. It gives us the push we need to react to an (2) urgent situation. Some people say it makes them more productive at work and gives them more energy.Too much stress, however, can be harmful. It may make an (3) existing health problem worse. Or it can lead to illness if a person is at risk for the condition. For example, your body reacts to (4) stressful situations by raising your blood pressure and making your heart work harder. This is especially dangerous is you already have heart or (5) artery disease or high blood pressure. Stress is more likely to be harmful if you feel (6) helpless to deal with the problem or situation that causes the stress.Anything you see as a problem can cause stress. It can be caused by everyday situations or by (7) major problems. Stressresults when something causes your body to act as if it were under attack. (8)Sources of stress can be physical, such as injury or illness. Or they can be mental, such as problems with your family, job, health or (9) finances. Many visits to doctors are for conditions related to stress.The tension of stress can interfere with sleep or cause (10) uncontrollable anger or sadness. A person may become more forgetful or find it harder to (11) concentrate. Losing one’s sense of humor is another sign of an unhealthy amount of stress.Stress can lead to many other health problems if people try to (12)ease it by smoking, drinking alcohol, taking drugs, or by eating more or less than normal.Task 4 Note-takingListen to a passage “Personality and Stress” twice. Whilelistening, you are to take notes according to the cues givenbelow.1. The concept of personality:The way a person acts, feels and thinks.2. Characteristics o f “Type A” personality:Aggressive and always in a hurry.3. Characteristics of “Type B” personality:More calm and able to deal with situations more easily.4. The reason for many women to be better able to deal with stress:Stronger social support systems help them.5. Reasons why many working women are under severe stress:The pressures of work, marriage and children.Task 5 Sentence DictationListen to each sentence, repeat it aloud, listen to it again,and then write down the whole sentence on the spaceprovided. You will listen to each sentence for a third time tohave a check.1. Mental and health experts believe personality is an important part in how we experience stress.2. Women usually have stronger social support systems to help them in times of trouble.3. Women are three times more likely to develop depression in reaction to the stress in their lives.4. Many working women are under severe stress because of the pressures of work, marriage and children.5. Some experts say that pressure can cause a chemical imbalance in the brain that can lead to depression.Task 6 Recognizing DetailsWatch a video clip “Benefits of Stress” twice and decidewhether each of the statements below is TRUE (T)or FALSE(F)._T_ _T_ _F_ _T_ _F_ _T_ _T_1. Stress actually may do us some good if it is not too much. 2. The bills, relationship tension or even childrencan be sources of stress.3. According to Dr. Romani Duvasla, stress iseverywhere and is all bad to people’s health. 4. The natural stress is our fight a flight response and it heightens our senses.5. Stress may trigger the inflammation, which doesno good to our body.6. Headaches and higher blood pressure may besigns of overstress.7. Exercise can be one of the best ways to changeyour overstressed state.Task 7 Overall ComprehensionWatch a video clip “Deep Breaths May Be Key to CurbingStress” twice and choose the best answer to each of thequestions below.1. Which of the following is mentioned as a real problem oftoo much stress?A) fragile financial marketsB) tanking retirement plansC) impending layoffsD) physical injuries and pain2. The business for East Bay physical therapistSchankliess is boosted because _______.A) many clients’ hearts need to be soothedB) many clients suffer from stress-related painsC) many clients enjoy the close relationship with herD) many clients’ economic condition gets improved3. The evidence that stress is harmful to your bodyincludes all of the following EXCEPT _______.A) a drop in fertilityB) a jump in blood pressureC) a rise in skin disordersD) an enhanced immune system4. Taking a deep breath in the right way may ________.A) be more therapeutic than you ever imaginedB) let you get too much oxygen flow sometimesC) require you to breathe much more slowlyD) change your posture and create problems5. People under a lot of stress are advised to ______.A) get enough sleep B) do muscle exerciseC) take deep breaths D) eat right and properlyKey to Task 71. D2. B3. D4. A5. CSection C Follow-up Oral TasksTask 8 Listening & InterpretationListen to the five sentences twice and interpret each intoChinese.1. Some stress is unavoidable and may even be good for us. Stress can keep our bodies and minds strong. It gives us the push we need to react to an urgent situation.2. Stress is more likely to be harmful if you feel helpless to deal with the problem or有些压⼒是不可避免的，甚⾄可能对我们有好处好。

高1英语必修2 NO DRUGS 教案微格教学.doc

陕西理工学院外国语学院高（初）中英语教学（试讲）教案（Teaching Plan of Senior School）教案内容：—外研社高中英语必修2第2课______ No Drugs__________________ 姓名: _______ 康竞____________________班级：_______ 英语1103班_____________学号：______ 1106014085 ____________指导教师： ______ 展红梅____________________Teaching PlanModule 2 My New Teachers (Book I)Grade: Senior 1Period: 1st periodAims and Requirement:A. Knowledge aims: (1) learn some new words about drugs. Such as crack cocaine, cannabis,poppy.(2)master the collocation of verbs, like offer, continue , steal,addict.(3)learn to use some important adjectives. Such as addictive,died.B・ Ability aims: (1) train the students5 reading comprehension skills.(2)improve the students5 ability of organizing and analyzing anarticle.(3)get some information about drugs..C・ Emotional aims: (1) know and realize the danger of drugs.(2) let the students keep away from drugs.Teaching Important Points: (1) encourage the students to learn some new words related to drugs.(2)teach the students some difficult language points.(3)know the dangers of drugs.Teaching Difficult Points: (1) how to choose the topic for passage(2)learn how to understand the passage.(3)the words and knowledge about drug use.(4)learn how to make a conversation and deliver a speech.Teaching method: The method of elicitation; discussion and communicative teaching. Teaching Aids:.. .the computer ,PPT, pictures, blackboard and chalk.Teaching Procedures:I.Greeting and duty report. (30")(Purpose: To call students' attention for the new lesson)Teacher (T): Good morning, class!Students (S): Good morning, teacher!(t): Is everyone here ?(s) : no one is absent (monitor).(t) : sit down please ,last class we have learnt the friendship, this class we will learn some knowledge about drugs.II.Introductions. (l，30")(Purpose: Introduce the students to the new lesson)T; this article is about a drug addict and his story. In his story , he told us his own experience andthe dangers of using drugs in order to persuade us not to use drugs.diIII.Lead in (5，)Show the students some pictures on the screen.Questions: (1) is the flower beautiful?(2) what is the material of producing drugs?T; can you connect the beautiful flower with ugly people ?Ss : No ,the flower is beautiful, and it's red.T; Yes, but the beautiful flower can be made into drugs and the ugly people just use it ,so They have a close relationship with each other.T : Do you know that people who use drugs suffer a lot ?S ; Yes , they will be addicted to it..T; Here Jet's watch the video about the drugs which can enable you to learn more about the harm of drugs, later i will invite some students to his experience with us. Please be quiet.Conclusion : keep away from the drugs.IV.Presentation. (12，) ・T: after finsh watching the video, who can tell us some useful information about drugs ?S; poppy is the materical of drugs , cannabis and crack cocaine are powerfully addictive drug.T : good, thank you . sit down please. So what illnesses the drugs can bring to people ?S : three illnesses : cancer , heart disease, bronchtis.T : fine, but what the ways they use to take drugs ?S : some drug users inject cocaine.by using needles. Even some takes drugs by smoking.T : well after knowing the danger of taking drugs ‘let's keep away from the drugs.1: pre_reading (more details about drugs)2: learn some new words about passage (on the screen) , show some pictures to introduce words and movitate students to read them together.T ; let's study some words and pharases about the drug.3:Skimming : activity 1 : discuss with your classmates and try to answer the questions (what does the passager mainly tell us ?)_Activity 2 : individual study.T ; read parts 1_6 and decide which article they belong to ?S : Article 1 :a drug addict and his stoty , it contains part 2,3,5,6.Article2 : the dagers of using cocaine, it contanis part 1,4.4: Scanning : group work : careful readingT : read the whole passage carefully then discuss with your partners and try to answer the following questions .(1)which drugs did Adam Rouse use ?(2)how did Adam Rouse pay for drugs/ ?T ; talk with your partners and decide if the sentence are true or falseA : cocaine can be smoked and injected.B : people who inject cocanine are more danger if they share needles ?C : cocaine makes yor heart go more slowly ?D : smoking crack cocanine can change people 's behavior ?V.Reinforcement. (5,30，，)This class , we have learnt some sorts and dangers of drugs by watching video and reading the storyabout Adam. Life is beautiful, we shall keep off the drugs and value our lives.Important vocabulary: continue to do sth=continue doing sth.Offer sb sth 二offer sth to sb steal sth from splace as a result 表示结果as a result of 表示原因for example: Adam knew that taking drugs was bad, as a result he stopped.He stopped taking drugs as a result of metting the docto匚Break out 爆发Break into闯入打断插嘴Break off 中断Break down身体垮掉，汽车抛锚Break up 解散Some key words : bronchitis 支气管炎tobacco 烟草poppy 罂粟cannabis 大麻Crack cocaine 纯可卡因needle 针管addictive 上瘾的drug dealer 贩毒者VI.Assignment. (30'，)(Purpose:....)Write a short passage about the dangers of taking drugs ,we will share the passage with each other next lesson.。

专业英语第一章

Unit 1 The Rules of Inorganic Nomenclature
※Periodic table
※Ionic nomenclature
※Inorganic nomenclature
1. Periodic table（元素周期表）
Hydrogen is the lightest element. It is by far the most
lithium is a Group 1 (IA) element containing just a single
valence electron (1s22s1). Group 1 elements are called "alkali metals". Lithium is a solid only about half as dense as water and lithium metal is the least dense metal. A freshly cut chunk of lithium is silvery, but tarnishes in a minute or so in air to give a grey surface. Its chemistry is dominated by its tendency to lose an electron to form Li+. It is the first element within the second period. Lithium is mixed (alloyed) with aluminum and magnesium for light-weight alloys, and is also used in batteries, some greases, some glasses, and in medicine.

专业外语PPT4

One of the principal changes is that proposed by Albert Stock and now known as the Stock system for the naming of compounds of metals (oxides, hydroxides, and salts) in which the metal may exhibit more than one oxidation state. In these cases the oxidation state of the metal is shown by a Roman numeral in parentheses immediately following the English name of the metal which corresponds to its oxidation number1.
Naming Metal Oxides. Bases, and Salts
The student should have a good start in learning nomenclature if he has learned the Valence Table 3 which gives both charges on ions and names for the more common ones2.
If the metal has only one common oxidation number, no Roman numeral is used. Another important change is in the naming of complex ions and coordination compounds. We will defer the nomenclature of the latter until these compounds are discussed.

自考《英语二》2012版课程代码00015 课文英汉对照

Unit 1 The Power of LanguageText APre-reading Questions1.Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents? What do you think is active reading?2.What suggestions do you expect the author will give on reading critically?Critical ReadingCritical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying ,and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.批判性阅读批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。

批判性阅读是积极阅读。

它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。

成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。

Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.考虑写作背景。