结核病的有效诊断治疗和控制英文

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结核病培训试题

结核病防治习题一、单选题1、肺结核属于（）类传染病。

BA．甲类B．乙类C．丙类D．未分类2、肺结核病是由哪种途径传播的？（)BA．消化道传播B．呼吸道传播C．虫媒传播D．血液传播3、1993年4月23日,在伦敦召开的第46届世界卫生大会上，世界卫生组织史无前例地宣布了什么？ AA．全球结核病处于紧急状态B．遏制结核病行动刻不容缓C．信守承诺控制结核病D．建立遏制结核病伙伴关系4、DOTS是什么的英文缩写? AA．直接面视下的短程督导化疗B．全程管理C．自服药D．强化期督导管理5、“世界防治结核病日”是哪一天？ CA．4月7日B．4月25日C．3月24日D．12月1日6、结核菌繁殖一代的时间为？ DA．10－20分钟B．1－3小时C．1—3天D．18-24小时7、结核分枝杆菌常用的物理消毒方法有哪些？ DA．煮沸消毒B．高压蒸气灭菌C．紫外线消毒D．以上都是8、萋尼氏染色法痰菌镜检结果分级报告标准中，抗酸杆菌阳性（1＋)：条/100视野，连续观察300个视野。

BA．1~8B．3～9C．1~9D．3~89、萋尼氏染色法痰菌镜检结果分级报告标准中，报告1+时至少观察（）个视野，报告2+至少观察（ )个视野,3+、4＋时至少观察（ )个视野。

A A．300 100 50B．300 200 100C．200 100 50D．200 50 1010、对当日不能进行涂片检查的痰标本，须置于( )冰箱保存，注意防止痰液干涸或污染。

BA．0℃B．4℃C．10℃D．20℃11、连续阅读10～12张涂片后，应休息（）分钟左右。

CA．10B．15C．20D．3012、根据室内质量控制标准，采用自查和互查方式，至少抽查复检当日（）涂片。

AA．10％B．15％C．20%D．30％13、实验室对新收到的培养基要进行检测,一般是抽取多少比例？AA．5%B．10%C．15％D．20%14、LAMP技术针对靶基因的6个区域而设计4种特异引物,利用链置换DNA聚合酶在等温条件下几十分钟就可扩增出109靶序列拷贝。

结核病题库3

一、选择题1、结核病的主要传染途径为( D )A、皮肤B、消化道C、泌尿道D、呼吸道2、能够导致视力障碍的抗结核药物是( C )A、异烟肼B、利福平C、乙胺丁醇D、吡嗪酰胺3、我国结核病发病人数居世界第( B ) 位A 、 1B 、 2C 、 3D 、44、能够引起前庭神经损害的抗结核药物是( B )A、异烟肼B、链霉素C、乙胺丁醇D、利福平5、能够导致“流感综合征”的抗结核药物是( C )A、异烟肼B、乙胺丁醇C、利福平D、吡嗪酰胺6、常规抗结核药物剂量条件下，血清浓度达到或超过最低抑菌浓度( MIC ) ( B)以上才能起杀菌作用。

A、 5B、 10C、 15D、 207、 PZA 对 ( C )菌群具有特殊杀灭作用。

A 、AB 、 BC 、 CD 、 D8、关于结核病发病机制错误的是( C )A、机体受结核菌感染后产生免疫力，同时也产生变态反应B、结核变态反应属Ⅳ型变态反应C、结核的免疫主要是体液免疫D、结核变态反应在一定条件下与免疫是平行一致的9、休眠结核菌群是指( D )A、A 菌群B、 B 菌群C、C 菌群D、 D 菌群10、下列哪项不是异烟肼的主要不良反应( A)A、视力障碍B、肝功能损害C、皮疹、药物热等过敏反应D、周围神经炎11、肺结核病人最常见的症状是( C )A、疲乏无力B、午后低热C、咳嗽、咳痰D、恶心、呕吐12、初治结核病人如果坚持进行规则治疗，有( C )以上的病人可以被治愈。

A、 50%B、 70%C、 85%D、 95%肺结核病的正规彻底治疗疗程必须达到( C )A、 3-4 个月B、4-6 个月C、 6-8 个月D、 8-10 个月13、目前抗结核药物中最有效的快速杀菌性药物是( A)A、异烟肼、利福平B、异烟肼、乙胺丁醇C、异烟肼、链霉素D、利福平、吡嗪酰胺14、在结核病随访中应做到的主要工作是( D )A、询问病人症状改善情况B、服药有无不良反应 C 、询问病人痰菌转阴情况 D、以上都是15、如果怀疑得了结核病最好应去( C)看病A、市级以上医疗机构B、市县级医疗机构C、疾病预防控制中心门诊部D、以上都是16、下列哪项不是肺结核的主要症状( A)A、腹疼、腹泻、食欲不振B、咳嗽、咳痰C、胸痛及呼吸困难等D、疲劳、乏力、低热、盗汗等全身症状17、从未接收过抗结核药物的结核病人，其体内结核菌株对一种或多种抗结核药物耐药，一般是由耐药结核菌传播引起，这种耐药称之为( B )A、获得性耐药B、原发性耐药C、继发性耐药D、多药性耐药18、初、复治涂阳病人在疗程满 2 个月时痰菌仍为阳性者，应在治疗满( A)个月时增加痰检一次。

肺结核(pulmonary tuberculosis)

• 1985年来，全球结核病疫情呈逐渐上升趋势，再次成为世界严重公共卫生问题
• 1993年世界卫生组织宣布: 全世界已处于结核病紧急状态
全球每年新发现病人
1990年
1999年
发病病例死亡病例
750 万 250 万
1020 万 350 万
• HIV 感染和艾滋病破坏了机体的免疫系统，加剧了结核的发病，1/3HIV病人死于结核
3特殊表现＿结核变态反应综合征
结核病的诊断
一结核病诊断方法
（一）、病史症状体征
1. 病史和症状体征（1）症状体征情况：症状一般没有特异性，体征对肺结核的诊断有限。（2）诊断治疗过程：确定是初发病例或是复发病例，以及治疗史。（3）肺结核接触史：主要是家庭接触史，邻居、同事、宿舍等有无肺结核患者。
肺结核（pulmonary tuberculosis）
2020/4/26
概述
– 结核病（Tuberculosis，TB）：由结核杆菌引起的慢性传染病，可以侵犯全身各器官，以肺结核最为常见。
– 传染源：Open TB。 – 病理特点：结核结节、干酪样坏死、空洞形成。 – 临床表现：慢性经过，全身结核中毒症状、呼吸道
高死亡
0.72%（每年） 5.5亿曾受感染活动性TB 367/10万涂阳（122/10万）菌阳（160/10万）总耐药率27.8% 初始耐药 18.6％，MDR 7.6% 继发耐药 46.5％ MDR 17.1% 13万/年，死亡率8.8/10万
我国情况
中青年患病多: 61.6% 地区患病率差异大:西高东低实施督导治疗地区患病率低。
再次感染
小儿多见
成人多见
局部反应轻
局部反应剧烈（空洞）

结核检测结果英文版模板

结核检测结果英文版模板Title: Tuberculosis Screening Results English Template. Introduction:Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Accurate and timely screening for TB is crucial in preventing its spread and ensuring prompt treatment. This document provides an English template for communicating tuberculosis screening results to patients and healthcare providers. It ensures consistency, clarity, and adherence tointernational standards.Patient Information:1. Full Name:2. Date of Birth:3. Gender:4. Nationality:5. Contact Information:Screening Details:1. Screening Date:2. Screening Method Used: (e.g., sputum smear microscopy, culture, X-ray, etc.)。

3. Screening Location: (e.g., hospital, clinic, community health center, etc.)。

Screening Results:1. Test Result: (e.g., positive, negative, indeterminate)。

结核病的有效诊断,治疗和控制-英文

If 2/3 positive: Anti-TB Rx
Broad-spectrum antibiotic 10-14 days
If symptoms persist, repeat AFB smears, X-ray
If consistent with TB
Anti-TB Treatment
12
Microscopy is more objective and reliable than X-ray
EUR AMR EMR 6% 5% 8%
AFR 18%
SEAR 38%
WPR 25%
2
TB is the leading single infectious
cause of death in South-East Asia
800
Number of deaths (1000s)
700
600
Deaths from infectious
Proportion of patients with pulmonary TB who have positive AFB smears
AFB positivity in
70
HIV
Negative
TB patients
60
Early HIV
50
40
Late HIV
30
20
10
0
17
X-ray findings in TB patients with HIV infection
21
Severe and less severe forms of extra-pulmonary TB
Severe
Less Severe

结核病ppt课件

一般治疗
休息护理营养
对因治疗：两个关键控制炎症控制颅高压
控制炎症
抗结核治疗
抗结核治疗
抗结核治疗的原则：早期、联合、适量、规律、全程
结脑的抗结核治疗的两个阶段：强化治疗阶段巩固治疗阶段
抗结核治疗
强化治疗阶段： 3HRZS（E）or 4HRZS（E）开始1~2周内，INH半量静脉使用，半量口服，病情好转全量口服。
儿童无症状性结核感染
结核菌素试验阳性胸部影像学检查正常无明显阳性体征
结核性脑膜炎
Tuberculous Meningitis
定义病原发病机制和病理改变临床表现诊断治疗预后
结核性脑膜炎是小儿结核病中最严重的类型。
常在结核原发感染后1年以内发生，尤其在初染结核3～6个月最易发生结脑。
Stop TB, Fight Poverty.
World TB Day 2019
World TB Day, March 24, 2019
Definition
结核病(tuberculosis)是由结核杆菌引起的慢性感染性疾病。
原发性肺结核是儿童最常见的结核病类型。
概述病因流行病学发病机制诊断
Diagnosis
Assist Examination
免疫学检查
结核菌素试验(PPD or OT test)
结核菌素接种后，多长时间观察结果？接触结核后，多长时间结素试验出现反应？
ELISA检测PPD-IgM、IgG
Diagnosis Assist Examination
分子生物学方法
PCR/ Polymerase Chain Reaction Southern Blot Northern Blot

结核病常用英文词汇及术语

For personal use only in study and research; not forcommercial use结核病常用英文词汇及术语抗酸杆菌Acid-Fast Bacilli（AFB）获得性耐药Acquired Resistance副作用Adverse Reaction双目显微镜Binocular Microscope病人管理Case Management化疗方案Chemotherapy Regimen 队列分析Cohort Analysis顺应性Compliance继续期Continuation Phase直接涂片Direct Smear耐药率Drug Resistance Rate流行Epidemic综合医院General Hospital健康教育Health Education发病率Incidence传染源Infectious Source初治Initial Treatment粟粒结核Miliary Tuberculosis死亡率Mortality主动发现Active Case Finding年感染率Annual Infection Rate杀菌的Bactericidal病人发现Case Finding化学预防Chemoprophylaxis因症就诊Clinical Consulation控制策略Control Strategy县County治愈率Cure Rate乙胺丁醇Ethambutol胸透Fluoroscope政府承诺Government Commitment 咯血Hemoptysis感染率Infection Rate初始耐药Initial Resistance强化期Intensive Phase异烟肼Isoniazid 监察Monitoring地（市）Prefecture(City)初级卫生保健Primary Health Care(PHC) 原发耐药Primary Resistance肺结核Pulmonary Tuberculosis质量控制Quality Control递降率Reduction Rate复治Re-treatment利福平Rifarmpicin即时痰Spot Sputum标准方案Standard Regimens消毒Sterilizing督导Supervision转入（出）Transfer in(out)结核菌素试验Tuberculin Test结核病防治所Tuberculosis Dispensary 结核病脑膜炎Tuberculous Menigitis可持续发展Sustainable Dispensary世界结核病日World Tuberculosis Day被动发现Passive Case Finding患病率Prevalence省Province吡嗪酰胺Pyrazinamide季报表Quarterly Report复发率Relapse Rate利福喷丁Rifapentine继发性肺结核Secondary Tuberculosis涂阳Smear Positive染色Staining灭菌Sterilization符合率Accordance Rate链霉素Streptomycin可疑者检查Suspect Examination完成治疗Treatment Completed结核病控制Tuberculosis Control结核病监测Tuberculosis Surveillance世界卫生组织World Health Organization省卫生厅Provincial Health Bureau卫X项目Health-X Project; Project of Health X 归口管理Convergence Case-management治疗覆盖率Coverage Rate of Treatment固定剂量复合剂Fixed Dose Combination HIV Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus 完成治疗率Completion Rate of Treatment培养污染率Contamination Rate of Culture 药物敏感性试验Drug Susceptibility Test肺外结核Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis菌型鉴定Identification of Mycobacterium结核病常用英文词汇及术语多耐药结核病Multi Drug Resistance Tuberculosis结核分支杆菌Mycobacterium Tuberculosis国家结核病规划National Tuberculosis Programme新生儿卡介苗接种率Newborn BCG Vaccination Rate菌阳（失败）Bacteriological Positive(Failure)短程化疗Short Course Chemotherapy(SCC)治疗中断Treatment Interrupted(default)病人发现与治疗（化疗）Case Finding and Treatment/Chemotherapy2个月痰检转阴率The Sputum Conversion Rate at the two months国家结核病控制中心National Tuberculosis Control Center(NTCC)涂阳新登记率New Case Registration Rate of Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis 结核菌素阳转率Tuberculin Positive Conversion Rate原发肺结核Primary Pulmonary Tuberculosis自服药Self Administrative Treatment初治涂阳肺结核Initial Smear-positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis国际防痨和肺病联合会International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease(IUATLD) 卡介苗Bacillus or Calmette and Guerin（BCG）Vaccination免疫扩大计划Expended Programme on Immunization(EPI)直接面试下短程化疗Directly Observed Treatment, Short-Course(DOTS)艾滋病Acquired Immuno-Deficinecy syndrome(AIDS)仅供个人用于学习、研究；不得用于商业用途。

医学英语--诊断(疾病英文名称)[Diagnosis(disignation of diseases)]

诊断（疾病名称）[Diagnosis(disignation of diseases)]•病因诊断[pathogenic diagnosis (diagnosis of etiology)]•病理解剖诊断[diagnosis of pathological anatomy]•病理生理诊断[diagnosis of pathological physiology]•并发症[complication]•合并症（伴发疾病）[accompanying diseases](1)心内科疾病[heart d iseases]•cardiac insufficiency (heart failure)[心功能不全（心衰）] •cardiogenic (hypovolemic, septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic) shock[心原性（低血容量性，感染性，过敏性，神经原性）休克]•sinus tachycardia (bradycardia, arrhythmia, arrest)[窦性（心动过速，心动过缓，心律不齐，停搏）] •sinus rhythm[窦性心律]•sick si nus syndrome(SSS)[病窦综合征]•Adams –stokes syndrome[阿-斯综合征]•junctional (ventricular) escape beat[交界性（室性）逸搏]•escape rhythm[逸搏心律]•left atrial rhythm[左房心律]•chaotic atrial rhythm[房性紊乱心律]•wandering rhythm[游走心律]•premature atrial(ventricular, junctional) beats[房性（室性，交界性）早搏]•multifocal (multimorphic)[多源性（多形性）]•bigeminy (trigeminy)[二（三）联律]•paroxysmal atrial (supraventricular, ventricular) tachycardia[阵发性房性（室上性，室性）心动过速] •sustained ventricular tachycardia[持续性室速]•sinus nodal reentrant tachycardia[窦房结折返性心动过速]•To rsade de pointes (TDP)[尖端扭转型室速]•A-V(A-V nodal)reentrant tachycardia[房室（房室结）折返性心动过速]•atrial flutter (fibrillation)[房扑（颤）]•ventricular flutter (fibrillation)[室扑（颤）]•sino-auricular (intra-auricular, intra-ventricular)block[窦房（房内，室内）传导阻滞]•first (second, third) degree atrioventricular (A-V)block[I（II、III）度房室传导阻滞]•second degree, type I(II) A-V block[II度I（II）型房室传导阻滞]•Wenckebach phenomena[文氏现象]•Mobitz type I(II)[莫氏I（II）型]•complete (incomplete) left (right) bundle branch block[完全性（不完全性）左（右）束支传导阻滞] •advance d (high grade) A-V block[高度房室传导阻滞]•left anterior (posterior) fascicular block[左前（后）分支阻滞]•type A(B) wolff-parkinson-white syndrome (pre-excitation syndrome)[A（B）型预激（W-P-W）综合征] •Lown-Ganong-Levime (L-G-L) syndrome[L-G-L综合征（短P-R综合征）]•accelerated idioventri cular (idiojunctional) rhythm[加速性室性（交界性）自主心律]•ectopic (junctional, reciprocal) rhythm[异位（交界性，反复）心律]•ventricular hypertrophy[心室肥厚]•left(right) atrial enlargement[左（右）房扩大]•idiopathic[特发性]•interfering atrioventricular dissociation[干扰性房室分离]•Brugada syndr ome [Brugada 综合征]•cardiac arrest (sudden death)[心脏骤停（猝死）]•acute rheumatic fever [急性风湿热]•rheumatic carditis[风湿性心脏炎]•chorea[舞蹈病]•rheumatic heart disease[风湿性心脏病]•multivalve disease[多瓣膜病]•valvular heart disease[心瓣膜病]•mitral(aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid) stenosis[二尖瓣（主动脉瓣，肺动肪瓣，三尖瓣）狭窄] •mitral (aortic, tricuspid) regurgitation(insufficiency)[二尖瓣（主动脉瓣，三尖瓣）反流（关闭不全）] •coronary artery (heart) disease[冠心病]•acute coronary syndrome [急性冠脉综合征]•acute (old) myocardial infarction (MI)[急性（陈旧性）心肌梗死]•Q wave (non-Q wave) MI[Q波（非Q波）心梗]•unstable (stable) angina pectoris[不稳定（稳定）型心绞痛]•cardiogenic sudden death[心源性猝死]•initial onset angina peotoris[初发型心绞痛]•angina decubitus[卧位型心绞痛]•variant angina pectoris[变异型心绞痛]•intermediate syndrome [中间综合症]•post-infarction angina pectoris[梗死后心绞痛]•congenital heart disease[先天性心脏病]•pulmonary (aortic) stenosis[肺（主）动脉狭窄]•coartation of aorta[主动脉缩窄]•idiopathic (primary) pulmonary hypertension [原发性肺动脉高压]•persistent left superior vena cava[左侧上腔静脉永存]•superior vena caval obstruction syndrom e[上腔静脉阻塞综合征]•dextro cardia[右位心]医学全.在线.网.站.提供•marfan`s syndrome [马凡氏综合征]•atrial (ventricular) septal defect(ASD/VSD)[房（室）间隔缺损]•patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)[动脉导管未闭]•single atrium (ventricle)[单心房（室）]•endocardial cushion defect[心内膜垫缺损]•aortic sinus an eurysm[主动脉窦瘤]•coronary arteritis[冠状动脉炎]•coronary artery fistula[冠状动脉瘘]•malformation of coronary artery[冠状动脉畸形]•coronary arteriovenous fistula[冠状动静脉瘘]•tetralogy(trilogy) of Fallot[法乐氏四（三）联征]•complete (corrected) transposition of great vessels[完全性（纠正型）大血管转位]•double-outlet of right ventricle [右室双出口]•partial (complete) anomalous pulmonary venous drainage[部分（完全）性肺静脉畸形引流] •Eisenmenger (Ebstein) syndrome[艾生曼格综合征（埃勃斯坦畸形）]•persistent trumcus arteriosus[永存主动脉干]•congenital pulmonary arteriovenous fistula[先天性肺动静脉瘘]•primary (secondary) hypertension [原发（继发）性高血压]•hypertensive crisis (urgencies, emergencies)[高血压危象（急诊）]•hypertensive nephropathy (papillo-retinopathy, cerebral hemorrhage)[高血压性肾病（视乳头-视网膜病，脑出血）]•acute (subacute) becterial endocarditis[急（亚急）性细菌性心内膜炎]•infective endocarditis[感染性心内膜炎]•acute (chronic) cor pulmonale[急（慢）性肺原性心脏病]•chronic pulmonary heart disease[慢性肺心病]•acute (chronic) pericarditis [急（慢）性心包炎]•constrictive pericarditis[缩窄性心包炎]•purulent (tuberculous) pericarditis[化脓(结核)性心包炎]•syphilitic heart disease[梅毒性心脏病]•acute viral myocarditis [急性病毒性心肌炎]•primary (specific) cardiomyopathy[原发（特异）性心肌病]•dilated (hypertrophic, restrictive) cardiomyopathy[扩张（肥厚，限制）型心肌病]•hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)[肥厚型梗阻性心肌病]•arrhythmogenic right ven tricula dysplasia(ARVD)[致心律失常性右室发育不全]•tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy[心动过速性心肌病]•hypertensive(alcoholic,ischemic,diabetic,peripartum,hyperthyroid )cardio- myopathy[高血压（酒精，缺血，糖尿病，围生期，甲亢）性心肌病]•drug-induced cardiomyopathy[药物性心肌病]•keshan disease[克山病]•my xoma of left atrium[左房粘液瘤]•metastatic cardiac tumor[心脏转移性肿瘤]•cardiac neurosis[心脏神经官能症]•mitral prolapse syndrome[二尖瓣脱垂综合征]•long Q-T syndrome[长QT间期综合征]•aortic (dissecting) aneurysm[主动脉（夹层动脉）瘤]•multiple (primary) arteritis of aorta and main branches[多发性大动脉炎]•Takayasu arteritis [大动脉炎（高安动脉炎）]•Raynaud disease[雷诺氏病]•systemic vasculitis[系统性血管炎]•thromboangitis obliterans[血栓闭塞性脉管炎]•deep vein thrombosis[深静脉血栓形成]•superficial thrombophlebitis[血栓性浅静脉炎]•syndrome X[X 综合征]•peripheral arteriosclerosis obliterat ion[闭塞性周围动脉粥样硬化]•Churg-Strauss syndrome[变应性肉芽肿性血管炎]•radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA)[射频消融术]•percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty (PBMV)[经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术]•transluminal extraction catheter(TEC)[经皮腔内切吸导管]•percutaneous transluminal septal myocardial ablation(PTSMA)[经皮经腔间隔心肌消融术]•percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)[经皮腔内冠脉成形术]•acute left-sided heart failure [急性左心衰竭]•pulmonary (lung) edema[肺水肿]•chronic heart failure[慢性心衰]•systolic (diastolic) insufficiency heart failure[收缩（舒张）功能不全性心衰]•cardiac insufficiency (NYHA I-Ⅳ)[心功能不全（I~Ⅳ级）]•intractable heart failure[顽固性（难治性）心衰]•artificial cardiac pacing[人工心脏起搏]•subclavian steal syndrome[锁骨下动脉窃血综合征]•pulselessness disease[无脉症]•myocardial bridging[肌桥]•postpericardiostomy syndrome[心脏损伤后综合征]•cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)[心肺复苏]•aortic arch syndrome[主动脉弓综合征](2)呼吸内科疾病[lung diseases]•silicosis[矽肺]•acute (chronic) bronchitis[急（慢）性支气管炎]•tracheobronchitis[气管-支气管炎]•bronchial asthma[支气管哮喘]•status asthmatics[哮喘持续状态]•bronchiectasis[支气管扩张]•upper respiratory tract infection[上呼吸道感染]•lung fibrosis[肺纤维化]•allergic airway inflammation[变应反应性气道炎症]•bacterial (viral, mycoplasma, reckettsia, radiaton) pneumonia[细菌性（病毒性，支原体，立克次体，放射性）肺炎]•community acquited pneumonia(CAP)[社区获得性肺炎]•pneumococcal (sta phylococcal, streptococcal, gram-negative bacillus) pneumonia[肺炎球菌（葡萄球菌，链球菌，革兰氏阴性杆菌）肺炎]•influenza (common cold)[流行性（普遍）感冒]•pulmonary candidiasis (aspergillosis, mucormycosis, histoplasmosis, actinomycosis, nocardiosis)[肺念球菌（曲菌、毛霉菌，组织胞浆菌，放线菌，奴长菌）病]•pulmo nary mycosis[肺真菌病]•cryptococcosis[肺隐球菌病]•lung abscess[肺脓肿]•anaphylactic pneumonia (Leoffer`s syndrome)[过敏性肺炎（吕弗琉综合征）]•extrinsic allergic alveolitis[外源性过敏性肺泡炎]•pulmonary eosinophia(eosinophilosis)[肺嗜酸粒细胞浸润症]•chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)[慢性阻塞性肺病]•obstructive pulmonary emphysema[阻塞性肺气肿]•pulmonary embolism (PE)[肺栓塞]•pulmonary vascular thrombosis [肺血管血栓形成]•pulmonary edema[肺水肿]•respiratory failure (type I/II) [呼吸衰竭（I、II型）]•adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)[成人呼吸窘迫综合征]•lung (pul monary) tuberculosis[肺结核]•miliary TB [粟粒性肺结核]•endobronchial tuberculosis[支气管内膜结核]•pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[胞泡蛋白沉积症]•pulmonary encephalopathy[肺性脑病]•sleep apnea syndrome[睡眠呼吸暂停综合征]•respiratory alkalosis (acidosis)[呼吸性碱（酸）中毒]•acute lung injury[急性肺损伤]•interstitial lung disease[间质性肺病]•dry (exudative) tuberculosis pleuritis (pleurisy)[干性（渗出性）结核性胸膜炎] •empyema[脓胸]•pleural effusion [胸腔积液]•Legionella pneumonia(LP)[军团菌肺炎]•drug-induced lung disease[药物性肺病]•sarcoidosis[结节病]•pneumothorax[气胸]•lung eosi nophilic granuloma [肺嗜酸细胞肉芽肿]•primary mediastinal tumor[原发性纵隔肿瘤]•pleural mesothelioma[胸膜间皮瘤]•primary bronchogenic carcinoma[原发性支气管肺癌]•small cell lung cancer [小细胞肺癌]•metastatic tumor (carcinoma) of lung[肺结移瘤（癌）]•lung fibroma[肺纤维瘤]•undifferentiated ca rcinoma of lung[肺未分化癌]•paraneoplastio syndrome[副癌综合征]•bronchial adenoma[支气管腺瘤]•pulmonary hamartoma[肺错构瘤]•bronchogenic cyst [支气管囊肿]•amyloidosis[淀粉样变性]•middle lobe syndrome [肺中叶综合征]•cor pulmonale[肺心病]•pueumosclerosis[肺硬化]•lober atelectasis[肺叶不张]•pu lmonary lobectomy[肺叶切除术]•pulmonary hypertension[肺高压]•angio-pneumography[肺血管造影术]•foreign body in lung[肺异物]•intratracheal foreign body[气管内异物]•hyaline membrane disease[肺透明膜病]•lung consolidation[肺实变]•lung sequestration[肺内隔离症]•tracheostomy (tracheotomy)[气管造口（切开）术]•endotracheal intubation[气管插管术](3)消化内科疾病[GI diseases]•stenosis of esophagus[食管狭窄]•esophageal atresia[食道闭锁]•esophageal and gastric varices (varicosis) [食管-胃静脉曲张]•hiatus hernia[食管裂孔疝]•diverticulum of esophagus[食管憩室]•carcinoma of esophagus[食管癌]•reflux esophagitis[反流性食管炎]•esophageal achalasia[食道贲门失弛缓症]•esophageal perforation[食管穿孔]•benign esophageal tumor[食管良性肿瘤]•esophageal mucosa erosion[食管粘膜糜烂]•esophageal polyp[食管息肉]•foreign body in esophagus[食管异物]•congenital esophageal anomaly[食管先天性畸形]•Barrett esophagus [Barrett 食管]•acute simple (corrosive, phlegmonous, hemorrhagic erosive) gastritis[急性单纯性（腐蚀性，化脓性，糜烂出血性）胃炎]•chronic superficial (atrophic,hypertrophic, erosive) gastritis[慢性浅表性（萎缩性，肥厚性，糜烂性）胃炎]•bile regurgitation gastritis[胆汁反流性胃炎]•peptic ulcer[消化性溃疡]医学全在线•gastric ulcer[胃溃疡]•prolapse of gastric mucosa[胃粘膜脱垂]•gastrinoma (zollinger-Ellison syndrome) [胃泌素瘤（卓-艾综合征）]•acute gastric dilation[急性胃扩张]•gastric retention[胃潴留]•postgastrectomy syndrome[胃切除术后综合征]•gastroduodenoscopy[胃十二指肠镜检查]•polyp of stomach (intestinal tract)[胃（肠道）息肉]•carcinoma (benign tumor, leiomyosarcoma, malignant lymphoma) of stomach[胃癌（良性肿瘤，平滑肌肉瘤，恶性淋巴瘤）]•foreign body of stomach [胃内异物]•dumping syndrom e[倾倒综合征]•late postprandial hypoglycemia[餐后低血糖症]•stomal ulcer[吻合口溃疡]•syndrome of the gastric remnant[残胃综合征]•duodenal ulcer[十二指肠溃疡]•duodenitis[十二指肠炎]•upper (lower) gastrointestinal bleeding[上（下）消化道出血]•crohn disease[克隆病]•intestinal tuberculosis[肠结核]•acute hemorrhage necrotizing enteritis[急性出血性坏死性肠炎]•intestinal malabsorption syndrome[小肠吸收不良综合征]•enteric volvulus[小肠扭转]•small intestinal (duodenal) stasis syndrome[小肠（十二指肠）淤滞综合征]•adhesion of small intestine[小肠粘连]•short bowel syndrome[短肠综合征]•malignant (benign) tumor of small intestine[小肠恶（良）性肿瘤]•carcinoid tumor (carcinoid syndrome)[类癌（类癌综合征）]•intestinal fibroma (sarcoma, diverticulum, diverticulitis)[小肠纤维瘤（肉瘤，憩室，憩室炎）] •enteritis[小肠炎]•ulcerative colitis[溃疡性结肠炎]•intestinal obstruction[肠梗阻]•carcinoma of the colon (rectum)[结（直）肠癌]•gastrointestinal neurosis[胃肠神经宫能症]•irritable bowel syndrome[肠易激综合征]•motility diarrhea [肠运动功能异常性腹泻]•functional constipation (gastrointestinal disorders)[功能性便秘（胃肠病）]•functional dyspepsia [功能性消化不良]•intestinal allergic purpu ra[小肠过敏性紫癜]•tuberculous peritonitis[结核性腹膜炎]•chronic diarrhea[慢性腹泻]•inflammatory bowel disease (diarrhea)[炎症性肠病（腹泻）]•spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)[自发性细菌性腹膜炎]•Helicobacter Pylori(HP)[幽门螺旋杆菌]•toxic magacolon [中毒性巨结肠]•acute (chronic) hepatitis[急（慢）性肝炎]•drug-induced liver disease[药物性肝病]•post hepatitis (schistosomal, alcoholic) cirrhosis[肝炎后（血吸虫性，酒精性）肝硬化] •nodular (biliary) cirrhosis[结节（胆汁）性肝硬化]•alcoholic liver disease [酒精性肝病]•primary carcinoma of the liver [原发性肝癌]•hepatocellular carcinoma[肝细胞癌]•hepatocellular jaundice[肝细胞性黄疸]•hepatic fibrosis[肝纤维化]•hepatic encephalopathy[肝性脑病]•hepatic cyst [肝囊肿]•carvernous hemangioma[海绵状血管瘤]•hepatic coma [肝性昏迷]•acute (chronic) hepatic failure [急（慢）性肝功能衰竭]•portal hypertension[门脉高压]•hepatorenal syndr ome[肝肾综合征]•liver parasitosis (abscess, aneurysm, hamartoma)[肝寄生虫病（脓肿，动脉瘤，错构瘤）] •cholecystitis[胆囊炎]•cholelithiasis[胆囊结石]•cholecystic carcinoma[胆囊癌]•cholangiohepatoma[胆管细胞癌]•cholestatic jaundice[胆汁淤积性黄疸]•pancreatic cyst(pseudocyst)[胰腺（假性）囊肿]•pancreati tis[胰腺炎]•acute necrotising (interstitial) pancreatitis[急性坏死（水肿）型胰腺炎] •pancreatic carcinoma[胰腺癌]•insulinoma (gastrinoma)[胰岛素（胃泌素）瘤]•retroperitoneal tumor(abscess)[后腹膜肿瘤（脓肿）] •hypersplenism [脾亢]•fatty liver[脂肪肝](4)神经内科疾病[neurological diseases]•optic neuritis[视神经炎]•trigeminal neuralgia[三叉神经痛]•facial neuritis[面神经炎]•meniere`s disease[美尼尔尼症]•polyneuritis[多发性神经炎]•sciatica(ischialgia)[坐骨神经痛]•garpal tunnel syndrome[腕管综合征]•acute (purulent) myelitis[急性（化脓性）脊髓炎]•syringomyelia[脊髓空洞症]•hereditary atexia[遗传性共济失调症]•compression of spinal cord[脊髓压迫症]•bifid spine[脊柱裂]•transverse injury of spinal cord[脊髓横贯性损伤]•poliomyelitis[脊髓灰质炎]•myelocyst[脊髓囊肿]•myelocele[脊髓膨出]•deformity of spine[脊柱畸形]•migraine[偏头痛]•vascular headache[血管性头痛]•headache due to muscular co ntraction[肌肉收缩性头痛] •traumatic headache[外伤性头痛]•epilepsy[癫痫]•focal seizure[局限性发作]•grand mal[大发作]•petit mal[小发作]•status epilepticus[癫痫持续状态]•transient ischemic attack(TIA)[短暂脑缺血发作]•cerebral embolism(infarction, hemorrhage)[脑栓塞（梗塞，出血）]•subarachnoid hem orrhage(SAH)[蛛网膜下腔出血]•encephalitis (encephalopathy)[脑炎（脑病）]•delayed neuropathy (encephalopathy)[迟发性神经病（脑病）]•meningitis[脑膜炎]•cerebral echinococcosis[脑包虫病]•cerebral aneurysm[脑动脉瘤]•hydrocephalus[脑积水]•cerebroma[脑瘤]•cerebromalacia[脑软化]•intracerebral he matoma[脑内血肿]•concussion of brain[脑震荡]•postconcussion syndrome[脑震荡后综合征]•neuroglioma[神经胶质瘤]•meningioma[脑膜瘤]•neurofibroma [神经纤维瘤]•neurinoma[神经鞘瘤]•brain abscess[脑脓肿]•intracranial hypertension[颅内高压]•arkinson`s disease(paralysis agitans)[帕金森氏病（震颤麻痹）]•hepatolenticular degeneration [肝豆状核变性]•athetosis[手足徐动症]•spasmodic torticollis[痉挛性斜颈]•myasthenia gravis[重症肌无力]•periodic paralysis[周期性麻痹]•progressive muscular dys trophy[进行性肌营养不良症]•Bell paralysis[贝耳氏面瘫]•chorea minor (rheumatic caorea) [小舞蹈病]•polymyositis[多发性肌炎]•inclusion body myositis[包涵体肌炎]•dermatomositis[皮肌炎]•Hypothalamus syndrome[下丘脑综合征](5)血液科疾病[hematological diseases]•iron deficiency (megaloblastic, apl astic, hemolytic) anemia[缺铁性（巨幼细胞性，再生障碍性，溶血性）贫血]•pernicious (refeactory) anemia[恶性（难治性）贫血]•paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)[阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿]•hereditary spherocytosis[遗传性球形细胞增多症]•favism[蚕豆病]医学全在线网站•thalassemia[地中海贫血]•sickle cell disease[镰刀细胞病]•methemoglobinemia[高铁血红蛋白血症]•hemolytic disease of newborn[新生儿溶血症]•autoimmune hemolytic anemia (ATH)[自身免疫性溶血性贫血]•post-hemorrhagic anemia[失血性贫血]•leukopenia (agranulocytosis)[白（粒）细胞减少（缺乏）症]•po lycythemia vera [真性红细胞增多症]•eosinophilia[嗜酸性粒细胞增多症]•hereditary spherocytosis[遗传性球形红细胞增多症]•acute (chronic) myelocytic (lymphocytic) leukemia [急（慢）性粒（淋巴）细胞性白血病] •acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL)[急性非淋巴细胞性白血病]•acute monocytic leukemia [急性单核细胞性白血病]•acu te promyelocytic leukemia[急性早幼粒细胞性白血病]•chloroma[绿色瘤]•plasma-cell(megakaryocytic) leukemia[浆（巨核）细胞性白血病]•hairy cell leukemia[多毛细胞白血病]•preleukemia[白血病前期]•leukemoid reaction[类白血病反应]•myelofibrosis[骨髓纤维化]•McCune-Albright syndrome[多发性骨纤维营养不良]•primary thro mbocythemia[原发性血小板增多症]•Hodgkin disease[何杰金氏病]•non-Hodgkin lymphoma[非何杰金氏淋巴瘤]•multiple myeloma(MM)[多发性骨髓瘤]•eosinophilic granuloma[嗜酸性肉芽肿]•malignant histiocytosis[恶性组织细胞病]•hypersplenism[脾功能亢进症]•anaphylactoid (Henoch-Schonlein) purpura[过敏性紫癜]•idiopath ic (selondary) thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)[原发（继发）性血小板减少性紫癜] •hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia[遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张] •thrombasthenia (thrombopathia)[血小板无力症（病）]•von Willebrand disease (VWD)[血管性假血友病]•hereditary (acquired) hypofibrinogenemia[遗传性（获得性）纤维蛋白原缺乏症] •disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)[弥漫性血管内凝血]•myelodysplastic syndrome[骨髓增生异常综合征]•myeloproliferation disease[骨髓增生性疾病]•osteoporosis (OP) [骨质疏松症]•heterogenous (autologous) bone marrow transplantation[异体（自体）骨髓移位] •hemapoietic stem cell (cord bl ood) transplantation (HSCT)[造血干细胞（脐血）移植] •hypercoagulable states (hypercoagulability)[高凝状态](6)肾内科疾病[nephrological diseases]•multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)[多器官功能障碍综合征]•acute renal failure pre-renal (post-renal)[肾前（后）性急性肾衰]•（non）oliguric acute renal failure[（非）少尿型急性肾衰]•acute tublar necrosis[急性肾小管坏死]•chronic renal failure[慢性肾衰]•uremia[尿毒症]•azotemia[氮质血症]•acute(chronic)nephritis(glomerulonephritis)[急性(慢性)肾炎（肾小球肾炎）]•crescentric glomerulonephritis[新月体性肾炎]•pulmonary-renal (Goodpasture )syndrome[肺出血肾炎综合征]•latent (focal) glomerulonephritis[隐匿（局灶）性肾炎]•malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis[恶性肾小动脉硬化]•rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis[急进性肾小球肾炎]•proliferative (sclerosing) glomerulonephritis[增生性（硬化性）肾炎]•mesangial proliferative (capillary) glomerulonephritis[系膜增生性（毛细血管性）肾炎] •membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis[系膜增生性肾炎]•hereditary nephritis[遗传性肾炎]•interstitial nephritis[间质性肾炎]•endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis[毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎]•tubulointerstitial nephritis[肾小管间质性肾炎]•membra nous nephropathy[膜性肾病]•nephrotic syndrome[肾病综合征]•renal artery stenosis (embolism)[肾动脉狭窄（栓塞）]•renal vein thrombosis[肾静脉血栓形成]•renal tubular acidosis[肾小管性酸中毒]•nephrogenic diabetes insipidus[肾性尿崩症]•yelonephritis [肾盂肾炎]•polycystic kidney[多囊肾]•nephrolithiasis[肾积石]•diabetic(hypertensive,lupus) nephropathy[糖尿病（高血压，狼疮）性肾病]•minimal change nephropathy[微小病变性肾病]•hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)[溶血性尿毒症综合征]（7）内分泌科疾病[endocrine diseases]•hypothalamus (empty sella) syndrome[下丘脑（空泡蝶鞍）综合征]•hypopituitarism[腺垂体功能减退症]•pituitary dwarfism[垂体性侏儒症]•hypothalamic-pituitary amenorrhea[下丘脑-垂体性闭经]•Simons (Sheenhan) disease[西蒙（席汉）氏病]•gigantism (acromegaly)[巨人（肢端肥大）症]•pituitary tumor[垂体瘤]•central diabetes insipidus[中枢性尿崩症]•adrenal crisis (acute adrenocortical hypofunction)[肾上腺危象（急性肾上腺皮质功能减退症）] •Addison’s disease(chronic adrenocortical hypofunction)[阿狄森氏病（慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退症）] •congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)[先天性肾上腺皮质增生]•syndrome of i nappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)[抗利尿激素不适当分泌综合征] •Cushing syndrome (hypercortisolism)[柯兴氏综合征（皮质醇增多症）]•primary (secondary) aldosteronism[原（继）发性醛固酮增多症]•pheochromocytoma[嗜铬细胞瘤]•hyperthyroidism(hypothyroidism)[甲亢（甲减）]•subclinical hype rthyroidism[亚临床甲亢]•simple (toxic diffuse, toxic multinodular) toiter[单纯性（毒性弥漫性，毒性多结节性）甲状腺肿] •autonomic hyperfunctional adenoma[自主性功能亢进性甲状腺瘤]•T3(T4)-thgrotoxicosis [T3 (T4)型甲亢]•acute (chronic lymphocytic, subacute) thyroiditis[急性（慢性淋巴细胞性，亚急性）甲状腺炎] •Hashi moto thyroiditis[桥本甲状腺炎]•thyroid adenoma (carcinoma, nodule)[甲状腺腺瘤（癌，结节）]•hyper (hypo) thyroid heart disease[甲亢（减）性心脏病]•thyrotoxic myopathy (exophthalmos,encephalopathy)[甲状腺素毒性肌病（突眼，脑病）] •thyrotoxic (parathyroid) crisis[甲状（旁）腺危象]•hyperthyroidsim crisis[甲亢危象]•hypo-(hyper-) parathyroidism[甲状旁腺功能减退（亢进）]•total (subtotal, partial) thyroidectomy[甲状腺全部（次全，部分）切除术]•goitrous cretinism[甲状腺肿呆小症]•thyreoprival tetany[甲状腺切除后手足搐搦]•premenstrual tension[经前紧张症]•menopausal syndrome[绝经期综合征]•oophoritic (ovarian) poly cyst[卵巢多发性囊肿]•pinealoma (pinealocytoma)[松果体瘤]•gynaecomastia[男性乳房发育症]•diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)[糖尿病酮症酸中毒]•diabetic hyperosmotic coma[糖尿病高渗性昏迷]•nonketotic hyperosmolar diabetic coma[糖尿病非酮症高渗性昏迷]•lactic acidosis[乳酸性酸中毒]•diabetic microangiopathy (macr oangiopathy, nephropathy)[糖尿病性微血管病变（大血管病变，肾病）] •hypoglycemia[低血糖症]•glucagonoma[胰高糖素瘤]•β-cell tumor of pancrease islet[胰岛β细胞瘤]•insulinoma [胰岛素瘤]•hepatogenous (alcoholic, reactive, drug-induced) hypoglycemia[肝源性（酒精性，反应性，药物性）低血糖]•insulin resistance syndr ome[胰岛素抵抗综合征]•obesity[肥胖症]•glycogen storage disease[糖原累积病]•xanthoma[黄色瘤]•gout (hyperuricemia) [痛风（高尿酸血症）]•porphyria [血卟啉病]•hemochromatosis[血色病]•amyloidosis[淀粉样变性]•osteoporosis[骨质疏松]•hyperlipoproteinemia[高脂蛋白血症]•hypercholesterolemia[高胆固醇血症]•hyper triglyceridemia[高甘油三酯血症]•hyperlipemia[高脂血症]•rheumatoid arthritis[类风湿性关节炎]•still disease[幼年型类风关]•Felty (Reiter) syndrome[弗尔提（赖特尔）综合征]•systemic (discoid) lupus erythematosus (SLE/DLE)[系统性（盘型）红斑狼疮] •dermatomyositis[皮肌炎]•systemic vasculitis[系统性血管炎]•Sjog ren`s syndrome [干燥综合征]•ankylosing spondylitis[强直性脊柱炎]•seronegative spondyloarthropathy[血清阴性脊柱关节病]•scleroderma[硬皮病]•polyarteritis[结节性多动脉炎]•Wegener`s granulomatosis[韦格纳肉芽肿]•candidiasis-endocrinopathy syndrome[念珠菌-内分泌病综合征] •abnormal glucose tolerance[糖耐量异常]•psoriatic arthritis[银屑病关节炎](8)精神病科疾病[psychosis]•mental disturbance[精神障碍]•general paralysis of insanity[麻痹性痴呆]•infective (toxic, physical) psychosis[感染性（中毒性，躯体性）精神病] •somopsychosis[躯体性精神病]•senile (presenile) dementia [老年性（老年前期）痴呆]•Traumatic ps ychosis [外伤性精神病]•schizophrenia[精神分裂症]•menic-depression (affective psychosis)[狂躁抑郁症（情感性精神病）] •involutional melancholia[更年期忧郁症]•menopausal syndrome[更年期综合征]•reactive (psychogenic) psychosis[反应性（心因性）精神病]•paranoid psychosis (paranoia, paranoid)[偏执性精神病（偏执狂，类偏执狂）] •neurosis (nervous exhausation) [神经官能症（神经衰弱）]•anxiety (obsession) [焦虑（强迫）症]•hysteria[癔症]医学全在线网站•mental retardation (obigophrenia)[精神发育不全]•offective disorder[情感障碍]•anorexia nervosa[神经性厌食]•anxious mania[焦虑性躁狂]•aquaphobia[恐水症]•concussion of brain[脑震荡]•dilirious mania[谵妄性躁狂]•organic (inborn, traumatic) dementia[器质性（先天性，外伤性）痴呆]•fugue[神游症]•fetishism[恋物癖]•exhibitionism[露阴癖]•voyeurism[窥淫癖]•transvestism[易装癖]•pica[异食症]•schizoid pe rsonality[人格分裂](9)皮肤科疾病[skin diseases]•contact (autosensitive, allergic, seborreic, atopic, diaper, infections eczematoid, light sensitive) dermatitis[接触性（自身致敏性，过敏性，脂溢性，遗传过敏性，尿布，传染性湿疹样，光敏性）皮炎] •eczema[湿疹]•acute (chronic) urticaria[急（慢）性荨麻疹]•papular u rticaria[丘疹性荨麻疹]•cold (factitial, pressure, solar) urticaria[冷性（人工性，压迫性，日光性）荨麻疹] •dermatographism[皮肤划痕症]•angioedema[血管性水肿]•dermatomyositis[皮肌炎]•discoid (systemic) lupus erythematosus[盘状（系统性）红斑狼疮]•foot and mouth disease[口蹄病]•drug eruption[药疹]•common warts (verruca planae, condyloma acuminata)[寻常（扁平，尖锐湿）疣]•herpes simplex[单纯疱疹]•herpes zoster[带状疱疹]•impetigo bullosa[大疱性脓疱疮]•impetigo vulgaris[寻常脓疱疮]•folliculitis[毛囊炎]•furuncle[疖]•leprosy[麻风病]•skin tuberculosis[皮肤结核]•erysipelas (erysipeloid) [（类）丹毒]•candidiasis[念珠菌病]•tinea capitis(corporis, cruris, manus, pedis, versicolor)[头（体，股，手，足，甲）癣]•primary (secondary, tertiary) syphilis[一（二、三）期梅毒]•acquired (congenital) syphilis[获得（先天）性梅毒]•scabies[疥疮]•bee sting[蜂螫]•mite dermatitis[螨皮炎]•gaterpillar derma titis[毛虫皮炎]•pruritus[瘙痒症]•neurodermatitis[神经性皮炎]•psoriasis [银屑病]•erythema multiform[多形性红斑]•lichen planus[扁平苔癣]•solar dermatitis[日光皮炎]•miliaria rubra[痱子]•pernio[冻疮]•clavus (callus)[鸡眼（胼胝）]•rhagadia manus et pedis[手足皲裂]•radiodermatitis[放射性皮炎]•ich thyosis[鱼鳞病]•keratoderma (keratosis)[角化病]•erythema nodosum[结节性红斑]•allergic purpura[过敏性紫癜]•circumscribed (diffuse) scleroderma[局限（弥漫）性硬皮病]•mixed connective tissue disease[混合性结缔组织病]•pemphigus (pemphigoid) [(类)天疱疮]•acne[痤疮]•rosacea[酒渣鼻]•anhidrosis (dyshidrosis, hyperhidrosis, bromidrosis)[无汗症（出汗不良，多汗症，腋臭）] •canities[白发]•alopecia areata (totalis)[斑（全）秃]•freckles (chloasma) [雀（黄褐）斑]•vitiligo [白癜疯]•nevus pigmentosus[色素痣]•mixed (intradermal) naevus [混合（皮内）痣]•hemangioma cavernosum[海锦状血管瘤]•leukoplak ia[粘膜白斑]•squamous cell carcinome in situ [原位癌]•aget`s disease[湿疹样癌]•basal cell carcinoma[基底细胞癌]•granuloma[肉芽肿]•squamous cell carcinoma[鳞状细胞癌]•allergic (nodula r, systemic) vasculitis[过敏（结节，系统）性血管炎]•ulcer [溃疡]医学全在.线提供•tuberous sclerosis[结节性硬化症]•thrush [鹅口疮]•Behcet`s syndrome[白塞（口-眼-生殖器）综合征]•sunburn[晒斑]•steatocystoma multiplex[多发性皮脂囊肿]•roseola[玫瑰疹]•pretibial myxedema[胫前粘液性水肿]•paronychia[甲沟炎]•melasma[黄褐斑]•lipoid proteinosis[类脂蛋白沉积症]•livedo reticularis[网状青斑]•hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia[遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症]•hirsutism (hypotrichosis)[多（少）毛症](10)传染科疾病[infectious diseases]•healthy (chronic, permanent, temporary) carrier[健康（慢性，终身，暂时）带菌者]•bacteremia (septicemia, pyemia, toxemia)[菌（败，脓毒，毒）血症]•septic shock [感染性休克]•upper respiratory infection (influenza, common cold)[上呼吸道感染（流感，普通感冒）]•viral myocarditis (pneumonia)[病毒性心肌炎（肺炎）]•double (cross, general) infection[双重（交叉，全身）感染]•chickenpox (varicella)[水痘]•r ubella (German mealses)[风疹]•measles[麻疹]•smallpox (variola)[天花]•herpes simplex (zoster)[单纯（带状）疱疹]•infectious lymphocytosis [传染性淋巴细胞增多症]•infectious mononucleosis[传染性单核细胞增多症]•acute viral (chronic persistent, fulminant, chronic, chronic active) hepatitis[急性病毒性（慢性迁延性，暴发性，慢性，慢性活动性）肝炎]•icteric (anicteric) hepatitis[（非）黄疸型肝炎]•viral hepatitis type A(B,C,D,E,non A and non B)[甲（乙，丙，丁，戊，非甲非乙）型肝炎] •Dengue (Dengue hemorrhagic, epidemic hemorrhagic) fever[登革（登革出血，流行性出血）热] •relapsing (rat-bite)fever[回归（鼠咬）热]•Q (ye llow, lassa ,scarlet) fever [Q （黄，拉沙，猩红）热]•rabbit fever (tularemia)[ 兔热病]•foot-mouth disease[口蹄病]•forest (influenzal) encephalitis[森林（流感性）脑炎]•panencephalitis[全脑炎]•epidemic encephalitis B[流行性乙脑]•poliomyelitis[脊髓灰质炎]•meningitis[脑膜炎]•epidemic myalgia[流行性肌痛]•viral (human rotaviral) enteritis[病毒性（人轮状病毒性）肠炎]•epidemic parotitis (mumps)[流行性腮腺炎]•roseola infantum [婴儿玫瑰疹]•infantile diarrhea[婴儿腹泻]•rabies (hydrophobia) [狂犬病（恐水症）]•scrub typhus (tsatsugamushi disease)[恙虫病]•acute streptococcal tonsillitis[急性链球菌性扁桃体炎]•pertussis (whooping cough)[百日咳]•laryngeal (pharyngeal) diphtheria [喉（咽）白喉]•cholera[霍乱]•bacillary dysentery[菌痢]•anthrax[炭疽病]•anaerobic infection[厌氧菌感染]•kuru[库鲁病]•leptospirosis[钩端螺旋体病]•mycoplasma pneumonia[支原体肺炎]•syphilis[梅毒]•Lyme diseas e[莱姆病]•rickettsia disease[立克次体病]•epidemic (endemic) typhus[流行（地方）性斑疹伤寒]•typhoid (paratyphoid) [伤寒（副伤寒）]•botulism[肉毒中毒]•bacterial food poisoning[细菌性食物中毒]•plague [ 鼠疫]•tetanus[破伤风]•leprosy[麻风]•trachoma [沙眼]•yaws[雅司]•pulmonary (bronchial, lymph nod e, intestinal, liver, renal, skin) tuberculosis[肺（支气管，淋巴结，肠，肝，肾，皮肤）结核]•tuberculous peritonitis (meningitis, pleurisy)[结核性腹膜（脑膜，胸膜）炎]•aspergillosis[曲霉菌病]•deep candidiasis[深部念珠菌病]•cryptococcosis[隐球菌病]•mucormycosis[毛霉菌病]•mycosis[真菌病]•tinea[癣]•actinomy cosis[放射菌病]•amebic liver abscess[阿米巴肝脓肿]•intestinal amebiasis[阿米巴肠病]•malaria[疟疾]•kala-azar[黑热病]•schistosomiasis[血吸虫病]•fasciolopsiasis[姜片虫病]•paragonimiasis[肺吸虫病]•taeniasis[绦虫病]•cysticercosis[囊虫病]•echinococciasis[包虫病]•filariasis[丝虫病]•ascariasis[蛔虫病]•enterobiasis[蛲虫病]•trichuriasis[鞭虫病](11)普外科疾病[surgical diseases]•furuncle (carbuncle)[疖（痈）]•cellulitis (abscess)[蜂窝织炎（脓肿）]•lymphangitis (lymphadenitis)[淋巴管（结）炎]•paronychia[甲沟（周）炎]•subungual abscess[甲下脓肿]•tenosynovitis[腱鞘炎]•dry (moist,gas) gan grene[干（湿，气）性坏疽]•necrosis (ulcer)[坏死（溃疡）]•sinus (fistula)[窦道（瘘）]•wart (cyst)[疣（囊肿）]•fibroma (neurofibrom)[（神经）纤维瘤]•imperforatus (atresia)[闭锁]•stenosis[狭窄]•dipoma (hemangioma)[脂肪（血管）瘤]•nevus (melanoma)[黑痣（黑色素瘤）]•thyroglossal cyst [甲状舌骨囊肿]•tubercul osis of cervical lymph node[颈淋巴结结核]•thyroid adenoma (carcinoma)[甲状腺腺瘤（癌）]•nodular goiter[结节性甲状腺肿]•tracheo-esophageal fistula[气管-食管瘘]•esophageal atresia (cicatricial stricture of esophagus) [食管闭锁（疤痕性狭窄）]医学全.在线.网.站.提供•esophageal adenoma (polyp,fibroma,leiomyoma)[食管腺瘤（息肉，纤维瘤，平滑肌瘤）]•carcinoma of esophagus[食管癌]•cyst of sebaceous gland[皮脂腺囊肿]•fibrosarcoma [纤维肉瘤]•adenocarcinoma[腺癌]•direct (indirect) inguinal herina[腹股沟直（斜）疝]•femoral (umbilical,incisional, internal)hernia[股（脐，切口，腹内）疝] •acute (tubercu lous) peritonitis[急性（结核性）腹膜炎]•subphrenic (pelvis) abscess[膈下（盆腔）脓肿]•retroperitoneal abscess(tumor)[后腹膜脓肿（肿瘤）]•abscess of iliac fossa[髂窝脓肿]•torsion of omentum [大网膜扭转]•gastric (duodenal) ulcer[胃（十二指肠）溃疡]•acute perforation (massive hemorrhage)[急性穿孔（大出血）]•pyloric obstruction[幽门梗阻]•polyp (adenoma, papilloma, carcinoma) of stomach[胃息肉（腺瘤，乳头状腺瘤，癌）]•gastric sarcoma[胃肉瘤]•acute dilatation of stomach [急性胃扩张]•ulcerative colitis [溃疡性结肠炎]•acute necrotizing enteritis [急性坏死性肠炎]•adhesive (adynamic, complete, incomplete, high ,low, mechanical,。

常用医疗、医药英文翻译

常用医疗、医药名称（MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY）Billy(刘志新) Medical Student 2011医药 Yi yao (Medical Terminology)中文名称汉语拼音英文名称中文名称汉语拼音英文名称过敏Guo min Allergy 血压Xue ya Blood Pressure 检查Jian cha Examination 麻醉Ma zui Anesthesia健康诊断Jian kangZhen duan General Check Up,PhysicalExamination麻醉全身Ma zuiquan shengGeneral Anesthesia入院Ru yuan Admission tohospital 静脉麻醉Jing maiMa zuiIntraveounsAnesthesia退院Tui yuan Discharge fromhospital 脊椎麻醉Ji zhuiMa zuiSpinal Anesthesia症状Zheng zhuang Symptom 局部麻醉Jv buMa zuiLocal Anesthesia 营养Ying yang Nutrition 手术Shou shu Operation 病历Bing li Clinical History 切除Qie chu Resection 诊断Zhen duan Diagnosis 副作用Fuzuoyong Side effect 治疗Zhi liao Treatment 洗净Xi jing Irrigation 预防Yu fang Prevention 注射Zhu she Injection 呼吸Hu xi Respiration X线X xian X –ray 便通Bian tong Bowel Movement 红外线Hong wai xian Ultra red ray 便Bian Stool急性的Ji xing de Acute 血液Xue ye Blood 体格Ti ge Build 脉搏Mai bo Pulse rate 亲戚Qin qi Relative 尿Niao Urine 遗传Yi chuan Heredi t y脉搏数Mai bo shu Pulse, Pulsation 慢性的Man xing de Chronic 免疫Mian yi Blood type 血清Xue qing Serum流行性的Liu xing xing de Epidemic 潜伏期间Qian fu qi jian Incubation period 滤过性病毒Lv guo xing dbingduVirus 消毒Xiao du Sterilization抗生素kang sheng su Antibiotic 脑波Nao bo E.E.G 洗肠Xi chang Enema 结核反应Jie he fan ying Tuberculin Reaction 华氏Hua shi Farenheit 摄氏She shi Celsius, Centigrade药品 yao pin (Medicine)中文名称汉语拼音英文名称中文名称汉语拼音英文名称冰袋Bin dai Ice Bag 舌下锭She xia ding Sublingual tablet药Yao Medicine (drug) 胶囊Jiao nang Capsules绷带Ben dai Bandage 软膏Ruan gao Ointment胶带Jiao dai Adhesive tape 眼药Yanyao Eye medicine 剪刀Jian dao Scissors 止咳药Zhe keyao Cough medicine 体温计Ti wen ji Therometer 阿司匹林 A si pi lin Aspirin坐药Zuoyao Suppository 止痛药Zhi tongyao Pain killer药丸Yaowan Tablet. Pill 药方Yaofang Prescription症状及名称zheng zhuang ji ming chen (Symptoms)一般症状 yi ban zheng zhuang (General)中文名称汉语拼音英文名称中文名称汉语拼音英文名称发烧Fa shao Fever 剧痛Jv tong Severe pain 高烧Gao shao High fever 打喷嚏Da pen ti Sneeze发冷Fa len Chills 打嗝Da ge Hiccup发汗Fa han Sweats 痒Yang Itch盗汗Dao han Night sweats 腰痛Yaotong Lower back pain 倦怠Juan dai Tiredness 头痛Tou tong Headache失眠Shi nian Insomnia 痛Tong Pain (ache)急性疼痛Ji xingTen tong Acute pain 一跳一跳的痛Yi tiaoyi tiaoDe tongThrobbing pain肩头发硬Jian touFa ying Stiffness in shoulder 针扎似的痛Zhen zha siDe tongPrickling pain钝痛Dun tong Dull pain 裂痛Lie tong Tearing pain 压痛Ya tong Pressing pain 持续痛Chi xu tong Continous pain 刺痛Ci tong Sharp pain 不舒服Bu shu fu Umcomfortable 戳痛Chuo tong Piercing pain 继续痛Ji xu tong Pain comes inintervals烧痛Shao tong Burning Pain 绞痛Jiao tong Colic放射痛Fang she tong Radiation pain血尿Xue niao Bloody urine 溃烂痛Kui lan tong Sore pain 脓尿Nong niao Pyuria痉挛痛Jin luan tong Crampy pain 粘液便Nian ye bian Mucous stool 蛋白质Dan bai zhi Albumunria 粘土样便Nian tu yangbianClay colored stool 轻疼Qing ten Slight pain 验血Yan xue Blood analysis 红血球Hong xue qiu Red blood cells 呼吸数Hu xi shu Respiration rate 白血球Bai xue qiu Whi t e blood cells 呼气Hu qi Expriation慢脉Man mai Bradycardia 吸气Xi qi Inspiration 呼吸困难Hu xi kun nan Difficulty breathing 不规则脉Bu gui ze mai Irregular pulse脉搏数Mai bo shu Pulse rate 尿混浊Niao hun zhuo Cloudy urine 快脉Kuai mai Tachycardia 瘦Shou Thin, skinny 肥fei Fat 糖尿Tang niao Glycosuria呼吸系统 hu xi xi tong (respiratory system)中文名称汉语拼音英文名称中文名称汉语拼音英文名称气管Qi guan Bronchus 哮喘Xiao chuan Asthma 肺Fei Lung 痰Tan Sputum 咳嗽Ke sou Cough 吐血Tu xue Blood spitting 干咳Gan ke Dry cough 咳血Ke xue Hemoptysis 有痰咳You tan ke Moist cough 背痛Bei tong Back pain 气喘性咳Qi chuan xing ke Wheezing stridor 支气管炎Zhi qi guan yan Bronchitis 支气管气喘Zhi qi guan yan Bronchal asthma 肺结核Fei jie he Pulmonarytuberculosis 胸痛Xiong tong Chest pain 粗嘎Cu ge Huskiness 气喘Qi chuan Wheezing 感冒Gan mao Common cold 沙哑Sha ya Hoarseness 肺炎Fei yan Pneumonia 胸膜炎Xiong mo yan Pleurisy 肺结核Fei jie he PulmonaryTuberculosis 肺气肿Fei qi zhong Pulmonary 肺癌Fei ai Lung cancer循环系统xun huan xi tong (circulatory system)中文名称汉语拼音英文名称中文名称汉语拼音英文名称心脏Xin zang Heart 心房Xin fang Atrium 血管Xue guan Blood vessels 心室Xin shi Ventricle 淋巴腺Lin ba xian Lymph 贫血Pin xue Anemia 动脉Dong mai Artery 静脉Jing mai Vein 心悸Xin ji Palpitation 水肿Shui zhong Edema贫血的Pin xue de Anemic 心脏发作Xinzang fa zuo Heart attack 不能呼吸Bu neng hu xi Shortness of breath 颜面苍白Yanmianchangbai Pallor of face 青紫Qing zi Cyanosis 低血压Di xue ya Hypotension 高血压Gao xue ya Hypertension 动脉瘤Dong mai liu Aneurysm 动脉硬化症Dong mai ying huazhengArteriosclerosis 狭心症Xiao xin zheng Angina心脏喘息Xin zang chuan xi Cardiac asthma 心肌梗塞Xin ji geng se Myocardialinfarction血栓症Xue shuan zhen Thrombosis 先天性心脏疾病Xian tian xing xinzang bing Congenital heartdisease心脏衰弱Xin zang shuan rui Heart failure 心内膜炎Xin nei mo yan Endocarditis 心脏神经症Xin zang shen jing Cardiac neurosis 心肌炎Xin ji yan Myocarditiszheng消化系统 Xiao hua xi tong (Digestive system)中文名称汉语拼音英文名称中文名称汉语拼音英文名称腹Fu Abdomen 恶心 E Xin Nausea食道Shi dao Esophagus 吐Tu Vomit 胃Wei Stomach 压迫感Ya po gan Sense of pressure 十二指肠Shi er zhi chang Duodenum 吞咽困难Tu yan kun nan Difficulty swallowing 大肠Da chang Large intestine 全腹痛Quan fu tong General abdominalpain小肠Xiao chang Small intestine 吞咽困难Tun yan kun nan Difficulty swallowing 直肠Zhi chang Rectum 吐血Tu xue Hematemesis肛门Gang men Anus 便秘Bian mi Constipation肝脏Gan zang Liver 腹泻Fu Xie Diarrhea胰脏Yi zang Pancreas 肠鸣Chang ming Rumbling sound 胆囊Dan nang Gall bladder 放屁Fang pi Pass gas盲肠Mang chang Appendix 软鞭Ruan bian Loose stool食欲Shi yu Appetite 血便Xue bian Bloody stool口渴Kou ke Thirst 食欲不振Shi yu bu zheng Anorexia腹部膨胀Fu bu peng zhang Abdominalenlargement 食道癌Shi dao ai Cancer of theesophagus胃炎Wei yan Gastritis 胃癌Wei ai Gastric carcinoma 胃溃疡Wei kui yang gastric ulcer 胃酸过多症Wei suan guo duozhengHyperacidity十二指肠溃疡Shi er zhi chang kuiyang Duodenal ulcer 肛门周围脓疡Gang men zhou weinong yangPerirectal abscess肠捻转Chang nian zhuan volvulus 肠黏膜炎Chang nian mo yan Intestinal catarrh 盲肠炎Mang chang yan appendicitis 肠结核Chang jie he Intestinaltuberculosis大肠炎Da chang yan colitis 肠套肠Chang tao chang Intussusception 痔漏Zhi lou Anal fistula 痔疮Zhi chuang Hemorrhoids (piles) 肝硬化Gan ying hua Cirrhosis 胆结石症Dan jie shi zheng Gall stones小肠癌Xiao chang ai Cancer of theintestine直肠癌Zhi chang ai Rectal cancer腹膜炎Fu mo yan Peritonitis 肝癌Gam ai Liver cancer黄疸Huang dan Jaundice 肝炎Gan yan Hepatitis胰脏炎Yi zang yan Pancreatitis 胆炎Dan yan Cholecystitis 神经系统Shén jīng xì tŏng (Nervous system)中文名称汉语拼音英文名称中文名称汉语拼音英文名称脑Năo Brain 惊厥Jīng juéConvulsion大脑Dà năo Cerebrum 麻木Má mù Numbness小脑Xiăo năo Cerebellum 震颤Zhèn chàn Tremor脊髓Jĭ suĭSpinal cord 晕厥Yūn juéSyncope神经Shén jīng Nerver 错乱Cuò luàn Confused头昏Tόu hūn Dizziness 思睡Sī shuìDrowsy轻度头痛Qīng dùtόu tòng Light headedness 意识丧失Yì shí sàng shīUnconciousness 意识朦胧Yì shí méng lόng Dazed confusion 兴奋状况Xīn fèng zhuàng tài Excited condition 幻觉Huàn jué Illusion 昏迷Hūn míComa瘫痪Tān huàn Paralysis 无力Wú lìHyposthenia语言障碍Yŭ yán zhàng ài Disturbance ofspeech 视力受损Shì lì shòu sŭn Disturbance ofvision紧张Jĭn zhāng Nervous 失眠Shī mián Insomnia 神经炎Shén jīng yán Neuritis 神经痛Shén jīng tòng Neuralgia面神经麻痹Miàn shén jīng mábìFacial palsy 肋间神经痛Lèi jiān shén jīngtòngIntercostalspain坐骨神经痛Zuò gŭ shén jīngtòngSciatica 歇斯底里症Xiē sī dĭ lĭ zhèng Hysteria 脑膜炎Năo mό yán Meningitis 脑缺血Năo quē xiĕCerebral ischemia 脑出血Năo chū xuĕApoplexy 脑血栓Năo xuè shuān Cerebral thrombosis 癫痫Diān xián Epilepsy 脑炎Năo yán Encephalitis精神错乱Jīng shén cuò luàn Delirium 出血ChūxiĕBleeding 脑瘤Nă.o liúBrain tumor 卒中Zú zhōng Stroke 帕金森症Pà jīn sēn zhèng Parkinson’s disease泌尿科Mì niào kē (Urinary system)中文名称汉语拼音英文名称中文名称汉语拼音英文名称肾上腺Shèn shàng xiàn Adrenal gland 前列腺Qián liè xiàn Prostate膀胱Páng guāng Bladder 多尿Duō niào polyuria尿道Niào dào Urethra 少尿Shăo niào oliguria睾丸Găo wán Testicles 尿急Niào jíUrinary urgency 阳痿Yáng wĕi Impotence 糖尿Táng niào Glycosuria尿痛Niào tòng Pain on urination 无尿Wú niào Dysuria肾盂Shèn yú Pelvis of the kidney 肾炎Shèn yán nephritis肾瘤Shèn liú Tumor of thekidney尿毒症Niào dú zhèng Uremia 导尿Dăo niào Catheritize 前列腺增生Qián liè xiàn zēng Hypertrophy of theshēng prostate肾萎缩Shèn wĕi suōNephrosis 肾结石Shèn jié shíRenal stones膀胱炎Páng guāng yán Cystitis 肾盂炎Shèn yú yán pyelonephritis尿道炎Niào dào yán Urethritis 早泄Zăo xièPrematureejaculation 结石Jié shíCalculus (stones) 淋病Lín bìng Gonorrhea包皮Bāo píPhimosis 肾结核Shèn jié hé Tuberculosis of thekidney肾脏Shèn zàng Kidney 阴茎Yīn jīng penis外科wái kē (Surgery)中文名称汉语拼音英文名称中文名称汉语拼音英文名称出血ChūxiĕBleeding 镇痛剂Zhèn tòng jìPainkiller内出血Nèi chū xiĕInternal bleeding 瘀伤Yū shāng bruise淤斑Yū bān Petechiae 斜颈Xié jĭng Wryneck, torticollis 炎症Yán zhèng Inflammation O型腿O xíng tŭi Bowlegged糜烂Mí làn Erosion X型腿X xíng tŭi Knock kneed手术Shŏu shùOperation 扁平足Biăn píng zúflatfoot切除Qiē chúResection 外伤Wài shāng Injury移植Yí zhíTransplation 割伤Gē shāng Cut畸形Jī xíng Malformation 刺伤Cì shāng Puncture疤痕Bā héng Scar 骨折Gŭ zéFracture粘着Nián zhuó Adhesion 扭转Niŭ zhuăn Torsion麻醉Má zuìAnesthesia 脱臼Tuō jiùDislocation撞伤Zhuàng shāng contusion 关节炎Guān jié yán Arthritis抓伤Zhuā shāng scratches 关节积液Guan jie ji ye Joint hydropsy 脓Nóng pus 五十肩Wŭ shí jiān Frozen shoulder 疔疮Dīng chuāng furuncle 指扭伤Zhĭ niŭ shāng Sprained finger 颈扭伤Jĭng niŭ shāng Whiplash injury 淋巴腺炎Lín bā xiàn yán Lymphaeni t is肿脓nóng zhŏng abscess 溃疡Kùi yáng Ulcer冻伤Dòng shāng Frost bite 坏疽Huài jūGangrene 疝Shàn hernia 颅内出血Lú nèi chū xiĕIntracranialhemorrhage骨膜炎Gŭ mó yán periostitis 脑挫伤Năo cuò shāng Cerebral contusion 骨髓炎Gŭ suĭ yán osteomyelitis 乳腺炎Rŭ xiàn yán Mastitis乳腺病Rŭ xiàn bìng mastopathy 腱鞘炎Jiàn qiào yán Mastopathy皮肤科pí fú kē (Dermatology)中文名称汉语拼音英文名称中文名称汉语拼音英文名称皮炎Pí yán Dermatitis 药疹Yào zhĕn Drug eruption接触性皮炎Jiē chù xìng pí yán Contact dermati t is 脂溢性湿疹Zhĭ yì xìng pí zhĕn Seborrheic eczema 湿疹Shī zhĕn Eczema 皮疹Pí zhĕn Rash小儿湿疹Xiăo ér shī zhĕn Infantile eczema 干燥皮肤Gān zào pí fūDry skin 疣Yóu Wart 风疹Fēng zhĕn Urticaria胎记、痣Tāi jì/zhìBirthmark 狼疮Láng chuāng Lupus 黑痣Hēi zhìMole 晒伤Shài shāng Suburn 狐臭Hú chòu Hircismus 鸡眼Jī yăn Corn 脱毛症Tuō máo zhèng Baldness 雀斑Què bān Freckle 癣Xiăn ringworm 皮肤癌Pí fū ái Skin cancer 香港脚Zú xiăn Athelete’s foot红疹Hóng zhĕn Red rash 牛皮癣Niú pí xiăn Tinea 挫伤Cuò shāng Bruise脱毛Tuō máo Falling out of hair 玫瑰疹Méi guī zhĕn Roseloa肿瘤Zhŏng Liú中文名称汉语拼音英文名称中文名称汉语拼音英文名称良性肿瘤Liáng xìng zhŏngliúBenign tumour 恶性肿瘤è xìng zhŏng liúMalignanttumours转移Zhuăn yímetastasis 肉瘤Ròu liúsarcoma 癌ái cancer耳鼻喉科ĕr bí hóu kē中文名称汉语拼音英文名称中文名称汉语拼音英文名称鼻腔Bí qiāng Nasal cavity 半规管Bàn guī guăn Semicircularcanals扁桃体Biăn táo tĭtonsil 鼓膜Gŭ móEar drum咽扁桃体Yān biăn táo tĭPharyngeal tonsil 流鼻血Liú bí xiĕEpistaxis流鼻涕Liú bí tìRunning nose 舌Shé tongue 鼻涕Bí tìNasal discharge 声带Shēng dài Vocal cord 鼻塞Bí sāi Stuffy nose 外耳Wài ĕr External ear 喉咙痛Hóu lóng tòng Sore throat 内耳Nèi ĕr internal ear 喉咙痒Hóu lóng yăng Itchy throat 中耳Zhōng ĕr Middle ear 声音沙哑Shēng yīn shāyăHoarse voice耳分泌物ĕr fēn mì wùEar discharge 失声Shī shēng Loss of voice 耳痛ĕr tòng Earache 嗅觉不灵Xiù jué bù líng Cant distinguishsmells耳鸣ĕr míng Ringing of the ear 听力困难Tīng lì kùn nán Difficulty hearing眼科Yăn kē (Ophthalmology)中文名称汉语拼音英文名称中文名称汉语拼音英文名称眼球Yăn qiúEye ball 视力障碍Shì lì zhàng ài Poor disturbance 角膜Jiăo mócorneal 视力不良Shì lì bù liáng Poor vision 瞳孔Tóng kŏng Pupil 复视Fù shìDiplopia虹膜Hóng mó iris 眼分泌物Yăn fēn mì wùEye discharge 晶体Jīng tĭlens 流泪Liú lèi Tearing视网膜Shì wăng móretina 针眼Zhēn yăn Style视力Shì lìVisual acuity 倒睫Dào jié Trichiasis泪管炎Lèi guăn yán Lacrimal duct 畏光Wèi guāng photophobia 砂眼Shā yăn trachoma 视网膜炎Shì wăng móyánRetinitis青光眼Qīng guāng yăn Glaucoma 角膜炎Jiăo mó yán Keratitis白内障Bái nèi zhàng Cataract 视神经炎Shì shéng jīngyánOptic neuritis色盲Sè máng Color blindness 鼻泪管狭窄Bí lèi guăn xiázhăi Obstruction of thenose结膜炎Jié mó yán Conjunctivitis 斜视Xié shìCross eyed视力模糊Shì lì mó hú Blurred vision 视网膜剥离Shì wăng mó bōlíRetina detachment眼内异物Yăn nèi yì wùForeign body ineyes牙科Yá kē (Dental)中文名称汉语拼音英文名称中文名称汉语拼音英文名称牙石Yá shíCalculus 牙冠Yá guàn Crown牙齿正畸Yá chĭ zhèng jīOrthodontics 金牙冠Jīn yá guàn Gold crown 假牙Jiă yáDenture 磁牙冠Cí yá guàn Ceramic crown 环镶Huān xiāng Veneer crown 填补Tián bŭFilling根管治疗Gēn guăn zhìliáo Root canaltreatment切牙Qiē yáIncisor齿龈Chĭ yín gum 犬齿Quăn chĭcanine妇产科 Fu chan ke (Obgyn)中文名称汉语拼音英文名称中文名称汉语拼音英文名称子宫Zi gong Uterus 月经过期Yue jing guo qi Menstrual cycle 子宫口Zi gong kou Cervix 月经痛Yue jing tong Dysmenoorhea 阴道Yin dao Vagina 无月经Wu yue jing Amenorrhea 月经Yue jing menstruation 更年期症状Ge nian qi zhengzhuangMenopause 下腹部痛Xia fu bu tong Low abdominalpain怀孕Huai yun Pregnancy阴道分泌物Ying dao feng mi wuVaginal discharge预产期Yu chan qi Date of delivery害喜 Hai xi Morning sickness阵痛 Zheng tong Labor pain胎儿心音 Tai er xin yin Fetal heart sounds 早期破水 Zao qi po shui Premature rupture 流产 Liu chan Miscarriage 腿抽筋 Tui chou jing Leg cramp 坠胎 Duo tai Abortion 排卵 Pai luan Ovulation 破水 Poshui Membrane rupture受精 Shou jing Conception 胎儿 Tai er fetus 着床 Zhao chuang Implantation 胎动Tai dongFetal movement胞状奇胎Bao zhuang qitaiHydatid mole静脉瘤 Jing mai liu Varicose veins 子宫外孕 Zi gong wai yun Ectopic pregnancy 怀孕线纹Huai yun xianwenStriations of pregnancy 卵管怀孕Luan guan huai yunTubal pregnancy蛋白尿症Dan bai niao zhengalbuminuria产道Chan dao Birth canal尿道发炎Niao dao fa yan Urinary trust直肠检查Zhi chang jianchaRectal exam子痫Zi yong Eclampsia阴道检查Ying dao jianchaVaginal exam羊水过多Yang shui guoduoPolyhydramnion分娩Fen mian Delivery生产第一期 Sheng chan di yi qiFirst stage of labor 生产第二期 Sheng chan di er qi Second stage oflabor 子宫收缩Zi gong shousuoContraction生产第三期Sheng chan disan qi Third stage oflabor 会阴切开 Hui yin qie kai Episiotomy 早产 Zao chan Premature birth会阴缝合Huiyin feng hePerineorrhaphystitch死产Si chanStill birth产后 Chan hou After birth 双胞 Shuang bao Twins 脐带 Qi dai Umbilical cord 多胎 Duo bao Multiple birth 胎盘Tai panPlacenta一卵双胞胎Yi luan shuangbao taiIdentical twins恶露E luLochia二卵性双胞胎Er luan xing shuang bao taiFraternal twins胎盘分离Tai pan fen liSeparation of theplacenta前置胎盘 Qian zhi tai pan Placenta praevia 前置胎盘 Qian zhi tai pan Forecpts delivery 狭骨盘Xia gu panNarrow pelvic盘卷脐带Pan juan qi daiCoiling of the umbilical cord胎盘附着Tai pan fu zhe Adherence of the狭骨盆Xia gu penNarrow pelvicplacenta卵管破裂Luan guan po lie Tubal rupture 胎盘附着Tai pan fu zhe Adherence of theplacenta会阴裂伤Hui yin lie shang Laceration of theperineum卵管破裂Luan guan po lie Tubal rupture子宫破裂Zi gong po lie Tubal rupture 会阴裂伤Hui yin lie shang Laceration of theperineum产褥热Chan ru re Puerperal fever 子宫破裂Zi gong po lie Tubal rupture 剖腹生产pao fu shengchanc-section 产褥热Chan ru re Puerperal fever 钳子分娩Qian zi fen mian Forceps delivery 剖腹生产Pofu sheng chan c-section初乳Churu Colostrums 钳子分娩Qian zi fei mian Forcepts delivery 新生儿Xin sheng er Newborn baby 喂养母乳Wei yang mu ru Breast feeding怀孕中毒症Hui run zhongdu zheng人工喂养Ren gong weiyangBottle feeding 精神科 jing shen ke (Psychiatry)中文名称汉语拼音英文名称中文名称汉语拼音英文名称精神病Jing shen bing Mental disorder 忧郁症You yu zheng depression遗传性精神病Yi chuan xingjing shen bing Heredi t arypsychosis精神分裂症Jing sheng fenlie zhengschizophrenia健忘症Jian wang zheng Amnesia 神经官能症Shen jing guanneng zhengneurosis躁狂zao kuang mania 神经衰弱Shen jing shuairuoneurasthenia小儿科 xiao er ke (Pedatrics)中文名称汉语拼音英文名称中文名称汉语拼音英文名称早产儿Zao chan er Premature baby 麻疹Ma zhen Measles新生儿黑粪Xin sheng er hei fen Meconium of thenewborn腮腺炎Sai xian yan Mumps 脱脐Tuo qi Umbilical hernia 德国麻疹De guo ma zhen German measles 新生儿黄疸Xin sheng er huangdanjaundice B型肝炎 B xing gan yan Influenza B 肠炎Chang yan Stomach virus 脑炎Nao yan hemophilus腹股沟疝脱Fu gu gou shan tuo Inguinal hernia 脊髓型小儿麻痹Ji sui xing xiao erma bi Spinal infantile paralysis传染病 chuan ran bing (Epidemics)中文名称汉语拼音英文名称中文名称汉语拼音英文名称流行性感冒Liu xing xing ganInfluenza 麻疹Ma zhen Measlesmao腮腺炎Sai xian yan mumps 德国麻疹De guo mazhen German measles 黄热Huang re Yellow fever 天花Tian hua Smallpox 狂犬病Kuang quan bing Rabies 水痘Shui dou Chicken pox 鼠疫Shu yi Plaque 伤寒Shan han Typhoid fever 破伤风Poshang fen Tetanus 霍乱Huo luo Asiatic cholera 猩红热Xing hong re Scarlet fever 百日咳Bai ri ke Whooping cough 赤痢Chi li dysentery 白喉Bai hou Diphtueria寄生虫 ji sheng chong (Parasite)中文名称汉语拼音英文名称中文名称汉语拼音英文名称钩虫病Gou chong bing Hookworm disease 滴虫病Di chong bing Tape worminfestation 蛲虫病Rao chong bing Pineworm 蛔虫病Hui chong bing Ascariasis其他 qi ta (Other)中文名称汉语拼音英名称中文名称汉语拼音英文名称贫血Pin xue Anemia 脚气病Jiao qi bing Beri-Beri白血病Bai xue bing Leukemia 坏血病Huai xue bing Scurvy紫斑症Zi ban zheng Purpura 糖尿病Tang niao bing Diabete Mellitus血友病Xue you bing Hemophilia 痛风Tong fen Gout甲状腺肿大Jia zhuang xianGoiter 风湿病Fen shi bing Rheumatic feverzhong da末端肥大症Mo duan fei daAcromegaly 风湿Fen shi Rheumatismzheng巨大症Jv da zheng Gigantism 中毒Zhong du Posioning克与氏病Ke yu shi bing Cushing’s disease酒精中毒Jiu jing zhong du Alcoholism蒙古肿症Meng gu zhongMongolism 一氧化碳Yi yang hua tan Carbon Monoxidezheng阿狄森氏病 A di seng shiAddison’s disease特异体质Te yi ti zhi Idisyncrasybing晕船病Yun chuan bing Motion sickeness 中暑Zhong shu Heatstroke高山症Gao shan zheng Mountain sickness 血清症Xue qing zheng Serum disease花粉症Hua fen zheng Hay fever2013 C类安全员复习判断单选多选案例——案例题1. C类对负责人处罚1、企业是安全生产管理的主体。

Xpert

北京大学学报(医学版)・320・JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY!HEALTH SCIENCES)Vol.53No.2Apr.2021-著-Xperth MTB/RIF对我国人群活动性肺结核和利福平耐药肺结核诊断准确性的meta分析冯菁楠，高乐，孙一鑫，杨继春，邓思危，孙凤，詹思延！!北京大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系，北京100191)［摘要］目的：系统评价结核分枝杆菌/利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增检测方法！XpertP Mycobacterium tuberculosis/r ifampicin,Xpe/P MTB/RIF)对中国人群肺结核(活动性肺结核和利福平耐药肺结核)的诊断准确性。

方法:计算机检索SinoMed、CNKI、万方、维普、PubMed、Embase、The Cochrane Lidra/数据库，搜集于中国人群中应用XpertPMTB/RIF方法诊断的研究，检索时间限定为2000年1月1日一2017年9月15日。

由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料，使用诊断试验准确性研究的偏倚评估工具！Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies,QUADAS)R对纳入的研究进行质量评价。

采用Sdd13-0软件进行meta分析，使用双变量随机效应模型合并灵敏度与特异度等诊断准确性指标,根据患者类型和样本类型进行亚组分析。

结果：最终共纳入47篇文献，其中英文9篇，中文38篇，发表时间为2014—2017年,样本量范围为31~3151例,活动性肺结核共纳入40篇文献(42个比较组)，合并灵敏度为0.94(95%C20.92，0-95)，合并特异度为0.87(95%C/0.84，0-91)$亚组分析显示，对于不同的样本类型，灵敏度无明显差异，但痰液样本的特异度高于支气管灌洗液样本。

利福平耐药肺结核共纳入33篇文献(38个比较组)，合并灵敏度为0.92(95%C20.89,0.94)，特异度为0-98(95%C/0.97,0-99)$Deeks法漏斗图显示，检测活动性肺结核方面可能存在发表偏倚!P=0.08),利福平耐药肺结核方面均不存在发表偏倚(P=0.24)$结论:使用Xpert®MTB/RIF方法检测活动性肺结核和利福平耐药肺结核具有较好的灵敏度和特异度，在检测利福平耐药方面具有较好的临床诊断价值。

原发性肺结核病情说明指导书

原发性肺结核病情说明指导书一、原发性肺结核概述原发性肺结核（primary pulmonary tuberculosis）是指结核分枝杆菌经呼吸道或其他途径首次侵入人体达到肺部而发生的原发感染性病变，以儿童和青少年多见。

可有低热、食欲缺乏、疲乏、盗汗、干咳等症状。

本病通常采用抗结核药物治疗，经积极正规治疗，预后较好。

英文名称：primary pulmonary tuberculosis。

其它名称：无。

结核病的有效诊断,治疗和控制-英文

8
Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Three specimens optimal
Spot specimen on first visit; sputum container given to patient Early morning collection by patient on next day
Actual cases
15
Role of Chest X-ray
No chest X-ray pattern is absolutely typical of TB 10-15% of culture-positive TB patients not diagnosed by X-ray 40% of patients diagnosed as having TB on the basis of x-ray alone do not have active TB
X-ray is unreliable for diagnosing and monitoring treatment of tuberculosis
结核病的有效诊断，治疗和控制-英文
South-East Asia accounts for nearly 40% of all tuberculosis cases
EUR AMR EMR 6% 5% 8%
AFR 18%
SEAR 38%
WPR 25%
2
Tuberculosis
A Global Emergency
1+
1-10 per oil immersion field
2+
> 10 per oil immersion field

病理学名词解释(英文)、简答、论述题

病理学常用名词解释（自行补充英文名称）1.萎缩(atrophy)发育正常的器官、组织或细胞体积缩小。

2.肥大(hypertrophy)细胞、组织或器官体积的增大。

3.增生(hyperplasia)由实质细胞数量增多而造成的组织、器官的体积增大。

4.化生(metaplasia)一种已分化组织转化为另一种相似性质的分化组织的过程。

5.变性(degeneration)由于物质代谢障碍,在细胞内或间质中出现异常物质,或正常物质数量增多。

6.水变性(hydropic degeneration)细胞内水分增多，造成细胞水肿。

7.脂肪变性(fatty change OR steatosis)除脂肪细胞外细胞内出现脂滴或脂滴明显增多。

8.玻璃样变(hyalinization)细胞内或间质中出现均质红染、半透明的玻璃样物质。

(透明变性)9.纤维素样变(纤维素样坏死)(fibrinoid necrosis)为间质胶元纤维及小血管壁的一种变性,病变处组织结构消失,成为一堆颗粒状、细丝状、红染无结构的物质，状似纤维素。

10.粘液样变性(mucoid degernation)组织间质内出现类粘液的积聚。

11.坏死(necrosis)活体内局部组织、细胞的死亡。

12.干酪样坏死(caseous necrosis)是一种特殊类型的凝固性坏死,由于坏死组织中含较多的脂质,外观呈淡黄色,松软,均匀细腻,似奶酪,称之。

常见于结核病。

13.坏疽(gangrene)肢体或与外界相通的内脏较大范围的坏死,同时伴有不同程度的腐败菌感染,呈黑色改变。

14.机化(organization)由新生肉芽组织逐渐取代坏死组织(血栓、脓液或其它异物等)的过程。

15.完全再生：再生的细胞和组织完全保持原有的结构和功能。

16.不完全再生：组织损伤后,由肉芽组织增生所代替,最后形成疤痕。

17.充血(hyperemia)局部器官或组织的血液含量增多。

18.淤血(静脉性充血)(congestion)静脉回流受阻而发生的充血。

防治结核病知识竞赛题库

2016 年安工学院防治结核病有奖知识竞赛题库第一部分：1、1993年4月23日，在伦敦召开的第46届世界卫生大会上，世界卫生组织史无前例地宣布了（A）。

A. 全球结核病处于紧急状态B. 遏制结核病行动刻不容缓C. 守信承诺，控制结核病D. 建立遏制结核病伙伴关系2、“世界防治结核病日”是为了纪念以下哪位科学家，他于1882 年首先在结核病人的痰中发现了结核杆菌：（C）。

A. 蒙特尼B. 汉森C. 科赫3、我国目前的结核病人数量居世界（一。

A. 第一位B. 第二位B），是世界上22 个结核病高负担国家之C. 第三位D. 第四位4、在《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》中，肺结核病被列为（B）类传染病。

A. 甲类B. 乙类C. 丙类D. 未被列入法定传染病5、2010 年全国结核病疫情监测显示，我国结核病年发病数（D）万A. 70B.80C.90D.100 6、结核病是传染病的叙述正确的是（B）。

A. 每种类型都具有传染性B. 痰菌检查阳性的病人具有传染性C. 治疗 2 个月后，痰菌检查阴性具有传染性D. 治疗 6 个月后，痰菌检查呈阳性的病人没有传染性7、“四高一低”指的是在我国结核病流行的特点，具体内容是（A）。

A.高患病率.高耐药率. 高死亡率.高感染率和低递降率B. 高发病率. 高耐药率. 高死亡率. 高感染率和低治疗率C. 高患病率.高耐药率. 高死亡率.高感染率和低治愈率D.高患病率.高耐药率. 高死亡率.高感染率和低发现率8、咳嗽. 咳痰3周以上或有咯血等肺结核可疑症状者应尽早采取（A）措施A. 及时到结核病防治机构就诊，进行痰涂片和胸部X 线检查精品D. 咖罗B. 到县人民医院进行三大常规和 CT 检查C. 到药店买感冒药治疗D. 由于没有时间，在等待一段时间去检查9、肺结核病分哪五类（ C ）B. ① ② ③ ④ ⑥ D. ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥10、传染性肺结核病人经过（ B ）的正规治疗一般就不具有传染性了A. 2-3 天B.2-3 星期C.2-3 月D. 半年11、政府对肺结核可疑症状者提供免费检查，主要包括（ B ）。

西医感染科术语英文翻译

西医感染科术语英文翻译以下是常见的西医感染科术语英文翻译：1. 病毒感染：Viral Infection2. 细菌感染：Bacterial Infection3. 真菌感染：Fungal Infection4. 寄生虫感染：Parasitic Infection5. 支原体感染：Mycoplasma Infection6. 立克次体感染：Rickettsial Infection7. 衣原体感染：Chlamydial Infection8. 性传播感染：Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)9. 医院获得性感染：Hospital-Acquired Infections (HAIs)10. 社区获得性感染：Community-Acquired Infections (CAIs)11. 抗药性感染：Antibiotic-Resistant Infections12. 病毒性肝炎：Viral Hepatitis13. 细菌性痢疾：Bacterial Dysentery14. 结核病：Tuberculosis (TB)15. 破伤风：Tetanus16. 梅毒：Syphilis17. 性病性淋巴肉芽肿：Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)18. 人乳头瘤病毒感染：Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection19. 钩端螺旋体病：Leptospirosis20. 疟疾：Malaria21. 阿米巴病：Amoebiasis22. 弓形虫病：Toxoplasmosis23. 细菌性食物中毒：Bacterial Food Poisoning24. 病毒性心肌炎：Viral Myocarditis25. 流行性感冒：Influenza (Flu)26. 登革热：Dengue Fever27. 黄热病：Yellow Fever28. 脑膜炎：Meningitis29. 败血症：Septicemia30. 脓毒症：Sepsis31. 脓肿：Abscess32. 发热待查：Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)33. 抗生素治疗：Antibiotic Therapy34. 对症治疗：Symptomatic Treatment35. 免疫疗法：Immunotherapy36. 支持性护理：Supportive Care37. 隔离措施：Isolation Measures38. 预防接种：Vaccination39. 手卫生：Hand Hygiene40. 环境清洁消毒：Environmental Cleaning and Disinfection41. 传染病监测与控制：Infectious Disease Surveillance and Control42. 人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染：Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection43. 人乳头瘤病毒疫苗（HPV疫苗）：Human Papillomavirus Vaccine (HPV vaccine)44. 克林霉素抗药性检测：Clindamycin Resistance Testing45. 卡介苗接种（BCG接种）：Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccination46. 内毒素检测（Endotoxin Detection）：Endotoxin Testing (LPS Testing)47. 白喉抗毒素治疗（Diphtheria Antitoxin）：Diphtheria Antitoxin Therapy (DAT)48. 结核病预防性治疗（TB Preventive Therapy）：TB Preventive Therapy (TPT)49. 人畜共患病（Zoonoses）：Zoonoses (Animal-borne Diseases)50. 人畜共患病预防和控制（Zoonosis Prevention and Control）：Zoonosis Prevention and Control。

呼吸系统英文总结

呼吸系统的英文单词总结问诊句型How long have you had cough?您咳嗽多久了?Do you have chest pain when you cough?您咳嗽的时候胸痛吗?Does your chest hurt when you breathe in and out?您呼吸的时候胸口痛吗?Do you have any sputum when you cough?您咳嗽的时候有痰吗?What’s the sputum like? What color is it?痰是怎样的? 什么颜色?It is yellow and thick，clear and thin．它是黄色黏稠痰／稀薄痰。

Do you suffer from asthma?您有哮喘病吗?I need to listen to your lungs．Would you help me?我需要听一听您的肺，请配合一下行吗?I need to take your temperature, feel your pulse and measure your bloodpressure．我需要量一下您的体温、脉搏和血压。

The results of your physical examination show that you suffer from mild pneumonia．You need to have intra-venous antibiotics．and I’ll prescribe some pain-killers for your chest pain．您的检查结果表明您有轻度肺炎。

您需要静脉点滴抗生素，我会给您开些止痛药缓解胸痛。

As your pneumonia is mild, I will also prescribe some oral tablets foryou．But if you do not feel better in three days, please come back to seeme．您患的是轻度肺炎，我会给您开些口服药。

肺结核治疗方案缩写

肺结核治疗方案缩写肺结核（Tuberculosis，简称TB）是一种由结核分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis）感染引起的慢性呼吸系统疾病。

肺结核是一种严重的全球性公共卫生问题，每年有数百万人受到感染，造成数百万人死亡。

为了更好地管理和治疗肺结核，医疗界开发了一系列的治疗方案。

1. 简介肺结核治疗方案缩写（Abbreviated Therapy Regimens for Tuberculosis，简称ATR-TB）是根据疾病的严重程度和患者的特定情况，制定的一套有效的肺结核治疗方案。

ATR-TB的目标是减少治疗时间和提高治愈率，同时减少治疗过程中的不良反应。

2. ATR-TB 方案ATR-TB方案在治疗过程中使用了多种抗结核药物，包括伊索韦胺（Isoniazid）、利福平（Levofloxacin）、吡嗪酰胺（Pyrazinamide）以及乙胺丁醇（Ethambutol）。

根据患者的病情和分组，ATR-TB方案分为以下几个阶段：2.1 初始治疗阶段•初始治疗阶段的主要目标是消除活动的结核菌感染。

这个阶段通常持续6个月。

•初始治疗阶段的药物组合包括伊索韦胺、利福平、吡嗪酰胺和乙胺丁醇。

•每天口服药物，按照医生的指示进行正规用药。

•在此阶段，患者要定期进行药物代谢监测和治疗反应监测。

2.2 缩短治疗阶段•缩短治疗阶段的主要目标是在初始治疗阶段之后进一步清除残留的结核菌。

•此阶段通常持续4个月。

•缩短治疗阶段的药物组合包括伊索韦胺、利福平和吡嗪酰胺。

•在此阶段，患者仍然需要定期进行药物代谢监测和治疗反应监测。

2.3 个体化治疗阶段•个体化治疗阶段是根据患者的具体情况和耐药情况进行的。

•在此阶段，医生会根据患者的病情选择适当的抗结核药物进行治疗。

•个体化治疗阶段的治疗时间和药物组合会因人而异。

3. 注意事项在进行ATR-TB治疗的过程中，患者需要注意以下事项：•患者需要按照医生的建议规律服药，并按时复诊。

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