2021版高考英语一轮复习Unit4Pygmalion课时跟踪新人教版选修8

Unit 4 Pygmalion———————————◄课时跟踪·一练而就►———————————Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2020届辽宁省五校高三联考)How old is too old to go trick­or­treating? Chesapeake of Virginia says the answer to that question is anyone over the age of 12.City officials recently announced that doorbell­ringing candy seekers over the age of 12 could face a charge, up to six months in jail, and $ 25 to $100 fines. They're far from alone. Meridian of Mississippi, Bishopville of South Carolina, and Boonsboro of Maryland, also have set the age at 12. The phenomenon isn't limited to the US: In 2017, Bathurst, a town in Canada, banned anyone older than 16.Officials say they won't be actively looking to catch teenage trick­or­treaters in the act. The age limits are part of a broader push to limit pranks and tricks. Some parents think that preventing older kids from participating in Halloween traditions will have the opposite effect. A Facebook post last year argued that all kids, regardless of age, should be allowed to take part in trick­or­treating. It was shared more than 4，000 times, with close to 700 comments.Some parents argued that kids shouldn't be spoiled. A lot more argued that even older kids should be encouraged to take part in it in the sense of wonder and excitement, and most said they were willing to give candy to whoever dressed up. That seems consistent with the scientific studies that play is essential to help children develop into healthy, well­adapted people, and that play encourages kids to develop collaboration and creativity.Given how over­scheduled, anxious, and unhappy today's teens are, maybe a little Halloween magic is exactly in order.【语篇解读】美国的一些城市给万圣节的传统活动trick­or­treating设立了年龄限制，年龄在12岁以上的青少年不能参加此项活动。

大多数人对此持反对意见。

1．How many American cities that have set the limit on going trick­or­t reating are mentioned?A．One city. B．Two cities.C．Three cities. D．Four cities.解析：选D 细节理解题。

根据第一段和第二段中的Chesapeake，Meridian，Bishopville 和Boonsboro可知，文中一共提到四座城市设立了trick­or­treating的年龄限制。

故选D。

2．Why did the officials decide to prevent teens from going trick­or­treating?A．Because the teens are too old to go trick­or­treating.B．Because it is thought that the teens will do something harmful.C．Because some parents are afraid that kids can be spoiled.D．Because that seems consistent with the scientific studies.解析：选B 细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“The age limits are part of a broader push to limit pranks and tricks.”可知，市政府官员决定阻止青少年参加trick­or­treating 是因为人们认为青少年会做一些有害的事情。

故选B。

3．What may most people agree with according to the passage?A．All people should take part in the Halloween traditional activities.B．Halloween tradition is no longer as attractive as before.C．It's not a good idea to limit the age of going trick­or­treating.D．Play is necessary to help children develop into healthy and well­adapted people.解析：选C 细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段中的“A lot more argued that even older kids should be encouraged to take part in it in the sense of wonder and excitement, and most said they were willing to give candy to whoever dressed up.”可知，大部分人认为限制参加trick­or­treating活动的人的年龄不是一个好主意。

故选C。

4．What is the author's attitude towards the age limit of going trick­or­treating?A．Disapproving. B．Objective.C．Favorable. D．Indifferent.解析：选 A 观点态度题。

根据最后一段“Given how over­scheduled, anxious, and unhappy today's teens are, maybe a little Halloween magic is exactly in ord er.”可知，作者对限制参加trick­or­treating活动的人的年龄是不支持的。

故选A。

B(2020届湖北省武汉市外国语学校高三质检)What's small, buzzes here and there and visits flowers? If you said bees or hummingbirds, you got it. You wouldn't be the first if you mixed the two up. Now a group of researchers even say we should embrace our history of considering the two together in the same group. The way scientists study bees could help them study hummingbird behavior, too.Scientists first compared the two back in the 1970s when studying how animals search for food. The idea is that animals use a kind of math to make choices in order to minimize the work it takes to earn maximum rewards. Researchers at the time focused on movement rules, like the order in which they visited flowers, and where flowerswere locat ed relative to others. It was “almost like an algorithm (算法)” for efficient searching, said David Pritchard, a biologist at the University of St. Andrews in Scotland. Hummingbirds and bees had similar solutions.As the field of animal cognition (认知) appeared, hummingbird and bee research parted. Neuroscientists and behavioral ecologists developed ways to study bee behavior in naturalistic settings. Hummingbird researchers compared hummingbirds to other birds and borrowed methods from psychology to study their ability to learn in the lab. To be fair, hummingbirds and bees differ. For example, hummingbirds have more advanced eyes and brains than bees. Honeybees and bumblebees are social; hummingbirds typically aren't.But however they perceive(感知) or process information, they both experience similar information, Dr. Pritchard said. In day­to­day searching for food, for example, hummingbirds may rely on more of a bee's­eye view than a bird's­eye view. Like other birds, they rely on landmarks, distances and directions to make maps when traveling long distances, but they don't use these cues to find flowers. Move a flower just an inch or so away from where a hummingbird thought it was and it will hover over the flower's original location. Dr. Pritchard is investigating if, like bees, hummingbirds engage in view matching—hovering, scanning snapshots of a place to its memory and using those as references later.【语篇解读】科学家们从运动规律、认知、感知或处理信息等方面对比了蜜蜂和蜂鸟的相同点和不同点。