曾铎老师：托福写作分类词汇之文明道德类

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托福写作常考十大类话题优选份

托福写作常考十大类话题优选份托福写作常考十大类话题 11. 全球化影响There is a disagreement on the impact of increased business and culture contact between countries on a country’s identity. What is your opinion?2. 政府投资People should keep all the money they earn and should not pay taxes to the state. Do you agree or disagree?3. 科技影响Many employees may work at home with modern technology. Some people claim that it benefits only workers, but not employers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?4. 文化类i. It is more important for a building to serve its purposes than to look beautiful. Architects do not need to worry about whether it is a real work of art. Do you agree or disagree?ii. The international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. To what extent do you think its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages? 5. 生活工作Some people think that changing jobs periodically is good. What is your opinion?6. 传媒类Some people suggest that there should be restrictions on a detailed description of crimes in the newspapers and on television. To what extent do you agree or disagree?7. 广告类There are many advertisements directed at children. Parents argue that children are misled, while advertisers consider advertising a source of useful information. What is your opinion?8. 环境类It is said tha t the best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the price of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?9. 动物类Far too little has been done to prevent animals and plants from dying out, although people have noticed this problem for a long time. Why have people failed to improve this situation? What are your suggestions?10. 教育类i. Some people believe that educating children altogether will benefit them. Others think intelligent children should be taught separately and given special courses. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.ii. Today, more school leavers are unable to find jobs. Discuss the causes of rising unemployment among young adults and suggest any solutions.。

托福分类词汇表(共17类863个常用单词)

托福分类词汇表(共17类863个常用单词)TOEFL Vocabulary List by Category (Total 17 Categories。

863 Common Words)Category 1: Psychology1.Mental - related to the mind2.Physical - related to the body。

material。

or physics3.Spiritual - related to the soul or spirit4.Conformity - the act of following the majority5.Majority - the larger group6.Minority - the smaller group7.XXX - XXX8.Subject - the object of study in an experiment9.Psychology - the study of the mind and rXXX - XXX XXX11.Mental Process - mental activity or cognitive process12.Mental State - mental n or mood13.Mental Activity - mental n or processness - awareness or XXX15.Internal Activity - mental activity within the mind16.General Psychology - the study of basic psychological principles17.XXX - the study of XXX18.ral Science - the study of r and its effects19.Mind-Body n - the n een the mind and body20.Heredity - XXX offspring21.Activity Theory - the theory that activity is XXX-being22.Central Processor Model - a model of cognitive processing in the brain23.n Storage - the process of storing n in the brain24.Artificial Intelligence (AI) - the development of computer systems that XXX intelligenceputer Analogy - the use of computer XXXputer n - the use of computer XXXputer Model - a computer program used to XXX28.XXX Detector - a device used to detect XXX29.n Error - an error in judgment due to n of a certain e30.Method of Right and Wrong Cases - a method used to test hypotheses31.Response - XXX32.Interview Method - a method of XXX interviews33.nnaire - a set of XXX data34.Method of n - a method of studying XXX35.n Method - a method of predicting XXX experience36.n - the ability to see37.Pupil - the opening in the center of the eye38.Visible Light - the n of XXX to the human eye39.Color Matching - the process of matching colors40.Color Contrast - the difference in color een two objects41.Color Mixture - the process of mixing colors42.Additive Color Mixture - the process of creating colors by adding light43.Color Weakness - XXX colorsGeography is the study of the Earth's surface。

慎小嶷写作136词汇

慎小嶷写作136词汇(总4页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--IELTS议论文6分必备136个词汇Education1 家长给小孩的教育parenting n.2 学校对学生的教育schooling n.3 培养cultivate vt.4 意识awareness = sense = recognition n.5 有创造力的creative / original adj.6 身体的physical adj.7 心理的psychological adj.8 同龄人peer n.9 动力motivation n. （形容词motivated, 有动力的）10 适应... adapt to11 纪律discipline n.12 记忆memorise(英式拼写) vt.13 获得acquire vt. （后面经常加knowledge / skills）14 有趣的stimulating adj. （在教育类作文中经常可以替代interesting）Media15 形容词“无处不在的” prevalent adj. 经常可以代替everywhere16 客观的objective adj.17 不客观的biased adj.18 名人celebrity n.19 记者journalists n.20 新闻界the press21 报道coverage n. （动词是cover）22 有误导性的misleading adj.23 可靠的dependable adj.24 非常及时的up-to-the-minute adj.25 媒体影响公众经常用sway后面加宾语的表达sway vt.26 信息量大的informative adj.27 娱乐性强的entertaining adj.Technology28 改变transform vt. 代替change29 突破breakthrough n.30 发展advance v. & n.31 惊人的速度 a staggering rate32 信息爆炸information overload33 提高，增强enhance = boost vt.34 创新，发明innovations n.35 远程通讯telecommunications n.36 高生产率的（它的名词productivity生产率在科技类话题也很常用）productive adj.Government37 首要任务priority n.38 稳定stability n.39 建立establish vt.40 解决... solve = combat = tackle = resolve = address vt.41 减轻，缓解alleviate = ease vt.42 对...投资invest in = allocate money to43 当局the authorities44 禁止ban = forbid = prohibit vt.45 监督scrutinise / monitor vt.46 管理administer = regulate vt.47 税收tax revenue48 民主的democratic adj.49 需求demand vt. & n.50 高效率的efficient adj.Tourism51 开阔人的眼界broaden one’s horizons / expand one’s outlook52 冲突conflicts n.53 探索explore vt.54 促进promote vt. （反义词是restrict，阻碍或限制）55 旅游点tourist attraction56 当地居民local residents = local inhabitants57 互相了解mutual understanding58 丰富人的经历enrich one’s experienceLanguages59 ...的大量扩散（比如英语，互联网，环境污染等）the proliferation of...60 在...占统领地位plays a dominant role in...61 灭绝go extinct62 小语种lesser-known languages63 ...的广泛使用t he widespread use of...Culture64 祖先ancestors n.65 后代（注意倒数第三个字母是a不是e，很容易拼错） descendants n.66 文化同化cultural assimilation67 盲目的indiscriminate adj.68 历史悠久的time-honoured n.69 文化遗产cultural heritage70 文化多样性cultural diversity71 文化特征cultural identity72 少数民族ethnic minoritiesDevelopment73 生活节奏the pace of life = the tempo of life74 城乡差距the gap between the urban area and the rural area75 消除eliminate vt.76 质量差的inferior adj.77 设施facilities n.78 （人与人之间）疏远的alienated adj.79 （人）物质化的，现实的materialistic adj.80 现状the present situation = the current situation = the status quo81 建筑的外观exterior n.82 功能function n.Globalisation83 席卷一切的潮流sweeping trends84 有机结合东西文化（culture表示种类时可以加复数）synthesize the Asian and the Western cultures85 侵蚀（本土文化）erode vt.86 普遍的universal adj.87 孤立的isolated adj.88 进口import vt. & n.89 出口export vt. & n.Women90 家庭暴力domestic violence91 性别平等gender equality92 歧视（后面的介词跟against）discrimination n.93 一个开明的社会an enlightened society94 家务事household chores95 被...所拖累be tied down byFamily96 后代offspring n.97 性格冲突personality clashes98 家庭的另一种写法household n.99 富裕的affluent adj.100 贫穷的impoverished adj.101 社区community n.102 家庭观念family values103 代沟generation gap104 亲情family bonds105 和谐harmony n.Crime106 犯罪crimes = offense = criminal acts n.107 犯罪（动词短语）commit a crime n.108 严厉的stringent adj.109 惩罚punishment / penalty n.110 犯罪率the crime rate = the incidence of crime 111 猖獗的rampant adj.112 违法violate the law113 限制（自由等）restrict vt.114 冲动的impulsive adj.115 后果consequence n.116 处境，状况circumstance n.117 改造罪犯reform / rehabilitate criminalsAnimals118 保护（某种资源，比如natural resources 或者old buildings）,如果保护某人可以用protect) preserve vt.119 残酷的inhumane adj.120 生物多样性biodiversity n.121 伙伴companions n.122 代替物（比如化妆品实验用动物作替代物而不用人做实验）replacements = alternatives n.123 栖息地habitat n.124 濒危动物endangered species125 兽皮（兽毛是fur）hide n.Environment126 可持续发展sustainable development127 开采自然资源exploit natural resources128 生态系统the ecosystem （许多eco-开头的单词都和生态有关）129 一次性的disposable adj. （比如disposable chopsticks）Environment130 节约，环境类题可以代替save conserve vt.131 恶化vt. deteriorate/aggravate vt. 如果某种现象自身恶化，就可以说deteriorate。

雅思专题大作文常用必备词汇

雅思写作大作文常用必备词汇A 教育类1. subject 科目（history历史；science科学；arts艺术）2. humanities 人文学科3. social sciences 社会学科（economics经济学, sociology社会学, psychology心理学, law法律等）4. natural sciences自然学科（chemistry化学，physics物理，biology生物等）5. basic sciences基础学科6. applied sciences应用学科7. distance education远程教育8. compulsory course必修课9. optional course选修课10. credits学分11. awareness意识（promote our awareness of…提高对…的意识）12. creative有创造性的13. original新颖的，原创的14. physical身体上的，生理上的15. emotional情感上的16. psychological心理上的17. peers同龄人18. motivation动力（highly motivated students有很强动力的学生）19. stimulating令人激动的20. acquire获取（acquire knowledge学习知识）21. practical实际的22. philosophical哲学的，抽象的（Nowadays many people prefer more practical subjects such as maths and physics to philosophical subjects such as history and arts.）23. develop培养（develop a sense of responsibility培养责任感）24. versatile全面发展的，多才多艺的25. theoretical knowledge理论知识26. draw inspiration获取灵感27. teaching method教学方法28. job skills就业技能29. expectation期望30.ambition志向31. competitive竞争激烈的32. self-esteem自尊33. think independently独立地思考34. think critically批判地思考35. evaluate评价36. feedback反馈37. sense of frustration挫败感38. a positive attitude toward life积极的人生态度B 科技类1.breakthrough突破2.advance进展，发展（scientific advances科技进步）3.advanced高级的4.potential潜在的5.available可以得到的；可以使用的6.enhance提升（enhance our awareness of…增强对…的意识）7.productivity生产力8.beneficial有益的9.positive积极的10.negative消极的11.double-edged sword双刃剑bor-consuming费力的13.time-consuming耗时的bor-intensive industry劳动密集型产业rmation explosion信息爆炸16.virtual classroom虚拟教室17.online fraud网络诈骗18.artificial intelligence（AI）人工智能19.alternative替换的，另一种的，不同的20.industrial revolution工业革命21.automation自动化22.considerably boost industrial efficiency极大地提高工作效率23.pervasive application广泛应用24.unreasonably high unemployment rate过高的失业率25.social dissatisfaction社会不满26.increase burden on the government提高政府的负担27.social welfare社会福利28.non-renewable fossil fuels不可再生的化石燃料29.hi-tech library高科技图书馆30.facility设施31.multimedia facility多媒体设备32.storage capacity储存容量33.improve working efficiency (time-conserving)提高工作效率（省时的）34.bring conve nience to people’s life给人们生活带来便利35.facilitate communication方便沟通交流36.entertainment / recreation, enrich people’s life娱乐，丰富生活ck face to face communication面对面交流变少38.infringe people’s privacy侵犯隐私39.intense radiation（failing eyesight, health hazard）强辐射（视力衰退，危害健康）40.promote / boost economic development促进经济发展41.improve people’s living standard提高人们生活水平42.provide opportunities of employment增加就业机会43.have access to all kinds of information接触各种各样的信息44.be flooded with negative information (pornography and violence)不良信息泛滥（色情与暴力）45.security (cyber crime)安全问题（网络犯罪）C 旅游类1.culture shock文化冲击2.explore探索；研究（explore the foreign culture探索外国文化；explore this problem研究这个问题）3.conflict冲突4.discord / dissension争端5.prejudice偏见（overcome the prejudices克服偏见）6.exotic异族的；异国风味的7.first-hand experience一手经验；亲身体验8.refreshing提神的9.tourist attractions / tourist spots / places of interest旅游景点10.expand one’s vision / horizons开阔眼界11.Tourists can interact with locals.游客可以和当地人互动12.promote cultural communication促进文化交流13.mutual understanding相互了解14.seclude / isolate the tourists from the locals把游客和当地人隔离15.tourist trap欺骗游客的手段D 媒介类1.popular流行的；受欢迎的2.objective客观的3.be biased against…对…有偏见（Today many people are biased against subjects such as history and arts.）4.celebrity名人5.journalist记者6.propaganda宣传7.right to know知情权8.popularity知名度9.cover报道（=report）10.misleading误导的（misleading report误导性报道）11.cheating欺骗性的12.trustworthy值得信任的rmative信息量很大的14.entertaining娱乐性质的15.responsible负责任的；有责任心的16.rising star新星17.advertising广告mercial电视广告19.audience ratings收视率20.current affairs时事21.have access to…可以获取或使用…22.exaggerate夸大23.insight洞察力24.sensational轰动的25.prevalent普遍的，流行的26.imperative重要的，必要的27.be abducted by受…的诱导28.purify one’s soul净化心灵29.meet different tastes满足不同口味30.invade one’s privacy侵犯某人的隐私31.provide sb. with sth.给某人提供某物32.follow the fashion blindly盲目地追逐时尚33.be inconceivable to sb.对某人来说是难以想象的34.impressive给人印象深刻的35.in the disguise of…打着…的幌子36.endanger social stability and safety危害社会稳定和安全37.live in virtual world生活在一个虚拟世界中38.be a great comfort to sb.对某人来说是一个巨大的安慰E 政府类1.alleviate减轻，缓和2.authorities当局；主管部门3.impose强加于（Government should impose high tax on high-fat food products, tobacco and alcohol.）4.democratic民主的5.efficient有效率的6.enact颁布（to enact laws to bring the crime under control）7.sensible policy明智的政策8. a long-term solution长远的解决方案9.eventually最后，终于，从长远看10.give priority to…优先处理…11.unemployment rate失业率12.be indifferent to…对…漠不关心的13.means of transport交通工具14.urbanization城市化15.rewarding有回报的16.flexible灵活的mit a crime犯罪18.arbitration调停19.deadlock僵局20.embargo禁运21.summit conference首脑会议，峰会22.abstain from voting弃权23.air of tension紧张气氛24.amendment修正案25.briefing meeting简要新闻发布会26.face-to-face talk会晤，面晤27.long-standing issue由来已久的问题28.poverty-stricken area 贫困地区29.highly-sophisticated technology尖端技术30.conspiracy阴谋31.imprisonment监禁32.release释放33.pardon特赦34.accusation谴责，指控35.welfare福利36.radical激进的37.overturning颠覆性的38.independent独立的39.breathtaking激动人心的F 性别类1.equality平等2.gender equality男女平等，性别平等3.gender discrimination性别歧视4.stereotype刻板印象，思维定势（stereotype image of a woman）5.feminism女性主义6.household chores家务活7.physical strength身体的力量8.intellectual智力的9.liberation解放10.job market工作市场G 家庭类1.family members家庭成员2.family tree家谱3.relations, relatives, kinfolk, kin亲属4.my people我家人5.next of kin近亲6.family life家庭生活7.spoil溺爱munity社区9.generation gap代沟10.harmony和谐11.protective保护性的12.excessive过多的13.a single-parent family单亲家庭14.a broken family破裂的家庭15.domestic violence家庭暴力16.emotional refuge情感避难所17.life expectancy人口平均寿命18.caste社会地位19.generation代20.branch支，系21.tribe部族，部落22.clan氏族23.race, breed种族24.lineage宗族，世系25.stock门第，血统26.of noble birth贵族出身27.of humble birth平民出身28.dynasty朝代29.origin出身30.ancestry祖先，先辈31.ancestors, forebears, forefathers祖先32.extraction家世33.descent后代，后辈34.descendants后代，晚辈35.progeny后裔36.succession继承37.consanguinity, blood relationship血缘38.kinsmen by blood血亲39.affinity姻亲关系，嫡戚关系40.kinsmen by affinity姻亲H 社会类1.put forward valuable suggestions提出宝贵建议2.play a major role in easing traffic在缓解交通压力上扮演了重要角色3.participate in reconstruction of the city参与城市重建4.raise the environmental management level提高环境管理水平5.create a pleasant ecological environment创造出一种和谐的生态环境6.give priority to优先关注7.catch much attention引起很大关注8.resource allocation资源配置9.perfect the construction of urban infrastructure完善城市基础设施建设10.reduce the number of vehicles减少车辆11.water scarcity水短缺12.the environmental pollution环境污染13.over-industrialization过度工业化14.over-crowdedness过度拥挤15.unemployment失业16.wealth distribution财富分配17.social instability社会动荡18.urban construction城市建设19.population explosion人口激增20.drain of energy and resources能源和资源消耗21.offer more job opportunities提供更多的就业机会22.a rapid pace of life快节奏生活23.stress-related illnesses与压力有关的疾病24.high cost of living高额生活费用25.pastoral life田园生活26.class polarization 阶级两级分化27.social welfare社会福利28.give special care to…给予…特殊关照29.urban sprawl城市扩张30.convenient transport means便捷的交通工具31.better medical services更好的医疗服务32.pressure of modern life in city现代城市生活压力33.be vulnerable to…易于患上…34.melting pot熔炉35.on the brink of…处于…的边缘36.pollutant污染性物质37.waste disposal废物处理38.put the blame on…归咎于…39.be attributable to…归因于…40.ways of consumption消费方式41.suffer heavy losses遭受重大损失42.citizen居民43.be confronted with…面临着…44.vicious cycle恶性循环45.a feasible measure一种可行的措施46.city planners城市规划者I 犯罪类1.crime (murder, theft, robbery, bribery)罪行（谋杀，偷盗，抢劫，贿赂）mit a crime犯罪3.criminal罪犯4.victim受害者5.violate the law违法6.consequence后果7.youngster年轻人8.teenager青少年9.juvenile crime青少年犯罪10.punishment惩罚11.capital punishment死刑12.life imprisonment无期徒刑；终身监禁w-abiding citizens守法公民14.benefit from…从…中受益15.a rising crime rate犯罪率上升16.breed crimes滋生犯罪17.put the blame on…归咎于…J 动物类1.endangered species濒危动物2.on the verge of extinction处于灭绝边缘3.become extinct灭绝的panion伴侣5.harmonious和谐的6.co-exist / coexistence共存7.animal rights动物权益8.animal rights activists动物权益保护主义9.artificial人造的10.food chain食物链11.afford their masters consolation and comfort给主人心理安慰12.replacements / substitutes / alternatives替代boratory实验室14.vaccine疫苗15.animal experiments动物实验16.medical research医学研究17.vivisection活体解剖18.anesthetic麻醉19.alleviate / ease animals’ pain减轻动物的痛苦20.extremist极端主义者21.be brought to justice被绳之以法22.cruel / merciless / inhuman / callous / brutal残忍的23.poaching偷猎24.perform experiments on animals在动物身上做试验25.test animals用于实验的动物26.be subjected to experiments被迫接受试验27.clinical research临床研究28.medical research医学研究29.origin of species物种起源30.diversity of species物种多样性31.biological diversity生物多样性32.equilibrium of ecosystem生态平衡33.shameless无耻的34.barbaric野蛮的35.live and let live与万物共存36.dominant species优势物种37.infringement践踏38.right to live生存权39.torture折磨40.anti-science反科学的41.life-threatening diseases危及生命的疾病42.scientific gains科学成果43.evolution进化puter simulation电脑模拟45.groundless没有理由的46.humane人道的47.medical technology医疗技术48.anatomy解剖49.equal公平的50.unreliable不可信赖的51.valid有效的，正当的52.be convicted of被判有…罪，宣布有罪K 环境类1.disposable一次性的2.pollute污染3.consume消费4.shortage短缺5.recycle循环利用6.sustainable development可持续发展7.exploit开发，利用8.ecosystem生态系统9.ecological balance生态平衡10.environmentalist生态主义者11.deforestation砍伐森林12.renewable energy可再生能源13.alternative energy替换能源14.chain reaction连锁反应15.the greenhouse effect温室效应16.over-grazing过度放牧17.desertification沙漠化18.industrial waste工业废料19.acid rain酸雨20.chemical plant化工厂21.destroy the ozone layer破坏臭氧层22.endanger existing species危害现存物种23.set up a foundation建立一笔基金24.appeal to the government向政府呼吁25.adopt several strong measures采取一些强有力的措施26.raise people’s awareness of the environment提高人们的环境意识27.deterioration of the ecology生态恶化28.break the ecological balance破坏生态平衡29.enhance the quality of life提高生活质量30.for the future generations / for our descendants为了子孙后代31.bring about a lot of losses / disasters造成巨大损失/ 灾难32.pursue one’s short-term interest追求眼前利益L 工作/ 生活类1.ambitious雄心壮志的，野心勃勃的2.adaptability适应性3.adapt oneself to…使自己适应…4.prosperity繁荣5.be disadvantageous to…对…不利6.flow of personnel人才流动7.mechanism of personnel flow人才流动机制8.survival of the fittest适者生存9. a sense of accomplishment成就感10.potentiality潜能11.learn to cooperate and comprise学习合作和妥协12.be deeply impressed with…对…印象很深pany philosophy企业文化14.flexibility灵活性15.arena舞台16.team-work spirit团队合作精神17.treasure opportunity珍惜机会18.a fat salary收入颇丰19.a harmonious interpersonal relationship和谐的人际关系20.a sense of responsibility责任感21.material gains物质待遇22.promising future光明的前途23.bright prospect光明的前景24.a challenging job一份句有挑战性的工作25.turning point转折点26.be closely related to…与…息息相关27.get advanced in society出人头地28.a decent job一份体面的工作29.chance of promotion升职机会30.stability and satisfaction稳定感和满足感31.keep skills fresh and up-to-date使技能可以不断更新32.expand one’s horizons开阔视野33.balance work and life平衡工作和生活34.from-nine-to-five朝九晚五一族35.shoulder / undertake one’s responsibilities承担起自己的责任36.upgrade oneself提升自我37.a well-paid job高收入工作38.creative work创造性工作39.stand up to / meet the challenge迎接挑战40.realize the value of life实现人生价值41.enrich one’s social experience丰富一个人的社会阅历42.cultivate one’s independence and toughness培养自己的独立性和坚韧性43.seek for personal development追求个人发展44.display one’s talent展示才能45.a sense of self-fulfillment自我实现感46.promotion opportunity提升机会47.meet one’s personalized needs满足某人个性化需求48.define one’s role确定自己的角色49.social recognition社会认可50.accumulate experience积攒经验51.inspiring鼓舞人心的52.motivation动机53.workaholic工作狂54.working environment工作环境55.work overtime加班56.improve one’s capabilities提高某人能力57.deve lop one’s talents培养才智58.ideal workplace理想工作场所59.master interpersonal skills掌握人际交往技能M 文化语言类1.preserve保存，保护2.ancestor祖先3.cultural heritage文化遗产4.cultural diversity文化多样性5.cultural conflict文化冲突6.tradition传统7.cultural relics / sites文化遗迹8.custom习俗9.carry / pass down from generation to generation代代相传10.conservative保守的11.cling to old ideas守旧12.universal language世界语言，通用语言13.means of communication交流工具14.develop linguistic skills培养语言技能15.cultivate logical thinking培养逻辑思维16.obscure晦涩难懂的17.cultural insights文化视角18.linguistically diverse语言多样性19.diversity and inclusiveness多样性和包容性20.distinct culture独特的文化21.culture gap文化差异22.national identity民族特色23.quintessence精粹24.an essence of immortality永恒的精髓25.multicultural多文化的26.break with old traditions打破传统十大增分小词1.perhaps / probably也许，或许2.yet仍然，还，但是3.hardly几乎不4.certainly当然5.even甚至6.just / merely仅仅，只是7.also也8.by doing…通过做…9.quite相当10.around大约十大增分形容词/ 副词1.specifically具体地说2.virtually几乎3.obviously很明显4.increasingly越来越5.accordingly相应地6.eventually最后，终于7.consequently结果，因此8.undoubtedly毫无疑问地rgely在很大程度上10.partly部分地十大增分连接词1.for the sake of…因为…的缘故2.in terms o f…在…方面3.likewise / similarly / by the same token同理4.in spite of虽然，尽管5.as well as以及6.regardless of…不管7.as a result所以，因此8.in addition to…除…之外9.like / unlike像/不像…一样10.in regards to就…来说十大增分词组1.benefit from从…受益2.have access to…可以使用…3.provide sth. for sb. / provide sb. with sth.为…提供…4.find something adj.发现…5.gain a better understanding of…更好地理解…6.on the rise / decline在上升/下降7.in conclusion总之8.from this perspective从这个角度9.be likely to do …可能做…10.take measures to do sth.采取措施做…。

托福阅读历史类单词

托福阅读历史类单词1. Civilization 文明，指人类社会发展到一定程度的社会组织、文化和科技水平。

2. Dynasty 朝代，指一系列统治者的连续统治，通常以家族为基础。

3. Empire 帝国，指一个国家或地区的统治者拥有广泛的领土和权力。

4. Revolution 革命，指社会、政治或经济方面的彻底变革或转变。

5. Colony 殖民地，指一个国家或地区在其他地方建立的属地，通常用于资源开发或政治控制。

6. Independence 独立，指一个国家或地区摆脱外部控制，自主决定自己的事务。

7. Monarchy 君主制，指由君主统治的政治制度，君主通常是国家的最高统治者。

8. Republic 共和制，指由选举产生的代表性政府，通常没有君主。

9. Treaty 条约，指两个或多个国家之间达成的正式协议，用于解决争端或规定行为准则。

10. Democracy 民主制，指由公民直接或间接参与决策的政治制度。

11. Industrialization 工业化，指经济和社会的转型，从农业为主导转变为工业为主导。

12. Nationalism 民族主义，指对自己民族的忠诚和对民族利益的追求。

13. Revolutionaries 革命家，指参与或领导革命运动的人。

14. Enlightenment 启蒙运动，指18世纪欧洲的一场思想运动，强调理性、科学和人权。

15. Renaissance 文艺复兴，指14至17世纪欧洲的文化和艺术复兴运动。

以上是一些常见的托福阅读历史类单词，掌握这些单词将有助于理解和解答相关的阅读题目。

请注意，这只是一小部分单词，还有许多其他单词和术语也可能在历史类阅读中出现。

托福综合写作必备词汇

[rəʊm]
罗马
87. clay
[kleɪ]
n. 粘土；泥土
42. Roman Empire
罗马帝国
88. jar
[dʒɑːr]
n. 罐；广口瓶
43. navy
[ˈneɪvi]
n. 海军
89. ritual
[ˈrɪtʃuəl]
n. 仪式；惯例
44 resemble
[rɪˈzembl] v. 类似，像
26. circulation [ˌsɜːrkjəˈleɪʃn] n. 传播，流传 72. parabola [pəˈræ bələ] n. 抛物线
27. documentation
[ˌdɑːkjumenˈteɪʃn] n.证明文件,文件记载
73. flame
fleɪm]
n. 火焰；热情
28. memoir
[niːʃ,nɪtʃ]
n. 壁龛,环境
[ɪ'læ bərət] adj.精心制作的 v.详细描述 150 airborne
[ˈerbɔːrn]
adj. 空运的,空气传播的
[ˈskʌlptʃər] n. /v.雕塑；雕刻 151 lineage
[ˈlɪniɪdʒ]
n. 血统
[bʌst]
n.半身像
152 infect
143 arthropod [ˈɑːrθrəpɑːd] adj./n.节肢动物(的)
[skrɪpt]
n. 脚本；手迹 144 reptile
[ˈreptaɪl]
adj./n. 爬行动物(的)
[tɑːr] [pɪt]
沥青坑
145 amphibian [æmˈfɪbiən] adj./n.两栖动物(的)

托福分类词汇(可编辑)

天使的托福分类词汇打印版part 1. 天文类： 1part 2. 地理类： 2part 3. 地质类： 3part 4. 考古，人类 3part 5 生态类 4part 6 气象类 4part 8 物理类 5part 9 数学类 6part 10 农业类7part 11 动物类8part 12 植物类9part 13 政治类10 part 14 教育类10 part 15 音乐类11 part 16 心理类11 part 17 人物类111 ASTRONOMY 天文astronomy 天文学astronomical 天文的astronomical observatory 天文台astronomer 天文学家astrophysics 天文物理学astrology 占星学pseudoscience 伪科学cosmos(universe) 宇宙cosmology 宇宙学infinite 无限的cosmic 宇宙的cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射cosmic rays 宇宙射线celestial 天的celestial body (heavenly body) 天体celestial map (sky atlas) 天体图celestial sphere 天球dwarf (dwarf star) 矮星quasar 类星体，类星射电源constellation 星座galaxy (Milky Way) 新河系cluster 星团solar system 太阳系solar corona 日冕solar eclipse 日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet 行星planetoid (asteroid) 小行星revolve 旋转，绕转twinkle 闪烁naked eye 肉眼Mercury 水星Venus 金星Earth 地球Mars 火星Jupiter 木星Saturn 土星Uranus 天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星orbit 轨道spin 旋转satellite 卫星lunar 月球的meteor 流星meteor shower流星雨meteoroid 流星体meteorite 陨石comet 彗星space (outer space) 太空，外层空间spacecraft (spaceship) 宇宙飞船spaceman ( astronaut) 宇航员，航天员space suit 宇航服，航天服space shuttle 航天飞机space telescope空间望远镜astronaut 宇航员star 恒星stellar 恒星的intergalactic 星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary 行星间的asteroid 小行星nebula 星云space debris 太空垃圾ammonia 氨corona 日冕chromosphere 色球photosphere 色球层convection zone 对流层vacuum 真空infrared ray 红外线chondrite 球粒absolute magnitude 绝对量级radiation 辐射emission 发射，散发high-resolution 高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪2 GEOGRAPHY 地理geography 地理geographer 地理学家hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线，经线parallel 平行圈，纬线latitude 经度longitude 精度elevation 海拔altitude 高度temperate latitudes 温带地区horizon 地平线equator 赤道tropics 热带地区Arctic 北极Antarctic(Antarctica) 南极expedition 探险time zone 时区topography 地形，地形学plain 平原plateau (highland) 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地cavern (cave) 洞穴terrain 地域subterranean ( underground) 地底下coastland 沿海地区island 岛屿continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island 珊瑚岛islet 小岛peninsular 半岛continent 大陆continental shelf 大陆架ranges 山脉valley 峡谷canyon 峡谷channel (strait) 海峡remote-sensing 遥感的terrestrial 地球的，陆地的terrestrial heat (geothermal) 地热terrestrial magnetism (geomagnetism) 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学说sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation 蒸发salinity 含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉淀物，沉积物tropical 热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的formation 形成frost heaving 冻胀现象fieldstone 卵石3 geology 地质学geologist 地质学家crust 地壳mantle 地幔core 地核continental crust 大陆地壳oceanic crust 海洋地壳layer (stratum,复数strata) 地层plate 板块fault 断层fault plane 断层面fault zone 断层带rift (crack; split) 断裂disintegration (decomposition) 分解erosion 腐蚀fossil 化石igneous rock 火成岩sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩quartz 石英limestone 石灰岩marble 大理石granite 花岗岩lithogenous 岩成的lithosphere 岩石圈magma 岩浆mineral 矿物ore 矿石deposit 矿床platinum 白金，铂silver 银copper 黄铜aluminum 铝tin 锡lead 铅zinc 锌nickel 镍mercury 汞，水银sodium 钠gem 宝石diamond 钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby 红宝石glacier 冰川glacial 冰川的glacial epoch ( age, period) 冰川期glacial drift 冰渍iceberg 冰山volcano 火山active volcano 活火山extinct volcano 死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山eruption 火山喷发crater 火山口lava 火山岩浆volcanic 火山的volcanic dust 火山尘volcanic ash 火山灰earthquake ( quake; tremor; seism) 地震seismic 地震的seismology 地震学magnitude 震级seismic wave 地震波cataclysm 灾变4 anthropologist 人类学家paleoanthropologist 古人类学家ecological anthropologist 生态人类学家psychological anthropologist 心理人类学家origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品relic 遗物，文物antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学skull 颅骨cranial 颅骨的5 ECOLOGY 生态学ecologist 生态学家ecosystem 生态系统balance (of nature) 自然界生态平衡fauna 动物群flora 植物群rain forest 雨林food chain 食物链acid rain 酸雨greenhouse effect 温室效应infrared radiation 红外线辐射ozone layer (ozonosphere) 臭氧层ultraviolet radiation 紫外辐射pollution 污染pollution control 污染控制air pollution 空气污染water pollution 水污染noise pollution 噪音污染soil pollution 土壤污染pollution-free 无污染pollutant 污染物noxious (toxic) 有毒的fumes （有毒）废气waste 废物solid waste 固体垃圾sewage (wastewater) 污水sewage purification 污水净化sewage disposal 污水处理decibel （噪音）分贝6 meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水breeze 微风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风funnel 漏斗，漏斗云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾7 chemistry 化学chemical property 化学特性，化学性质chemical composition ( makeup ) 化学成分chemical agent 化学试剂chemical reaction 化学反应chemical change 化学变化chemical bond 化学键chemical apparatus 化学器械substance (matter; material) 物质element 元素periodic table 周期表hydrogen 氢oxygen 氧nitrogen 氮helium 氦carbon 碳calcium 钙silicon 硅sulfur 硫iodine 碘compound 化合物hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物derivative 衍生物alchemy 炼金术petroleum (oil) 石油petroleum products 石油产品crude oil 原油refine 提炼，精炼gasoline 汽油methane 甲烷solution 溶液dissolve 溶解solvent 溶剂solubility 可溶性cohesive 聚合力adhesive 粘合力atom 原子nucleus 原子核electron 电子neutron 中子proton 质子molecule 分子particle 粒子ion 离子particle accelerator 粒子加速器catalysis （复数catalyses）催化作用catalyst 催化剂artificial 人造的synthetic 合成的synthetic fiber 人造纤维polymer 聚合物polymerization 聚合作用plastic 塑料dye 染料cosmetics 化妆品8 PHYSICS物理physics 物理mechanics 力学thermodynamics 热力学acoustics 声学electromagnetism 电磁学optics 光学dynamics 动力学force 力velocity 速度acceleration 加速度equilibrium 平衡statics 静力学motion 运动inertia 惯性gravitation 引力relativity 相对gravity 地心引力vibration 震动medium (media) 媒质frequency 频率wavelength 波长pitch 音高intensity 强度echo 回声resonance 回声，洪亮sonar 声纳ultrasonics 超声学electricity 电static electricity 静电magnetism 磁性，磁力magnet 磁体electromagnet 电磁magnetic field 磁场electric current 电流direct current (DC) 直流电alternating current (AC) 交流电electric circuit 电路electric charge 电荷electric voltage 电压electric shock 触电electric appliance 电器conductor 导体insulator 绝缘体semiconductor 半导体battery (cell) 电池dry battery 干电池storage battery 蓄电池electronics 电子学electronic 电子的electronic component (part) 电子零件integrated circuit 集成电路chip 集成电器片，集成块electron tube 电子管vacuum tube 真空管transistor 晶体管amplification (名词)放大amplify （动词）放大amplifier 放大器，扬声器oscillation 震荡optical 光（学）的optical fiber 光学纤维lens 透镜，镜片convex 凸透镜concave 凹透镜microscope 显微镜telescope 望远镜magnifier 放大镜spectrum 光谱ultraviolet 紫外线X rays X射线Gamma rays γ射线infrared rays 红外线microwaves 微波dispersion 色散transparent 透明translucent 半透明opaque 不透明的9 mathematics 数学mathematician 数学家arithmetic 算术calculation 计算calculator 计算器abacus 算盘numeral 数字sum 和total (sum total) 总和，总数aggregate 总计fraction 分数，小数decimal 十进制，（十进）小数digit 数字，数字percentage 百分比addition 加法plus 加上subtraction 减法minus 减去multiplication 乘法multiplication table 乘法表multiply 乘以times乘以power 乘方square 平方division 除法divide 除以algebra 代数quantity 表示量的数（或符号）equation 方程式，等式formula 公式root 根geometry 几何geometric 几何的dimension 维parallel adj. 平行的n. 并行线quadrilateral 四边形square 正方形area 面积rectangle 长方形，矩形polygon 多边形cube 立方形volume 体积sphere 球形circle 圆形ellipse (oval) 椭圆形cone 圆锥形circumference 圆周diameter 直径radius 半径triangle 三角形angle 角degree (角) 度calculus 微积分differential calculus 微分学integral calculus 积分学function 函数probability 概率statistics 统计quantitative 量的，数量的qualitative 质的，品质的deduction (inference) 推论，演绎induction 归纳10 agriculture (farming) 农业agricultural 农业的land (soil) 土壤；土地soil conservation 土壤保护soil erosion 泥土流失silt 粉砂，泥沙clay 黏土，湿土clod 土块agrarian 土地的，农业的pilot (experimental ) 试验性的harrow( rake) 耙，耙土ridge 田埂furrow 犁沟plot （patch）小块地ranch 农场，牧场plantation 种植园orchard 果园nursery 苗圃seedbed 苗床sickle 镰刀spade 铲，锹shovel (平头) 铲pick 稿tractor 拖拉机cultivate (till) 耕作sow(seed) 播种harvest 收割weed 除草irrigate 灌溉manure(fertilizer) 肥料spray 喷洒（农药）insecticide(pesticide)杀虫剂pest 害虫rust 锈病grain (cereal) 谷物，谷粒granary(grain store) 粮仓mill 碾，磨wheat 小麦corn 玉米rice 大米barley 大麦sorghum 高粱oats燕麦rye 黑麦millet 粟，小米vegetable 蔬菜horticulture 园艺学hydroponics 水栽法，营养液栽培法greenhouse(glasshouse, hotbed) 温室cabbage 洋白菜lettuce 生菜mustard 芥菜spinach 菠菜broccoli 花椰菜cucumber 黄瓜eggplant 茄子pepper 辣椒pumpkin 番瓜tomato 西红柿beet 甜菜carrot 胡萝卜radish 小红萝卜pea 豌豆soybean 大豆celery 芹菜garlic 大蒜leek 韭菜onion 洋葱头potato 土豆peanut 花生sesame 芝麻cotton 棉花husbandry (animal husbandry) 畜牧业pasture 牧场livestock 家畜fowl (poultry) 家禽cattle 牛，家畜buffalo 野牛dairy (dairy cattle) 奶牛dairy farm 乳牛场hay （作饲料用）干草haystack 干草堆fodder (feed) 饲料trough 饲料槽barn(shed) 牲口槽stable 厩，马厩cowshed 牛棚pigpen (hog pen, pigsty) 猪圈sheepfold (sheep pen) 羊栏roost (hen house) 鸡舍fish farm 养鱼场aquaculture 水产养殖11 ANIMAL 动物Darvinism 达尔文学说natural selection 自然选择class 纲order 目family 科genus 属suborder 亚目species 种invertebrate 无脊椎动物vertebrate 脊椎动物aquatic( life) 水生动物reptile 爬行动物amphibian (amphibious animal) 两栖动物dinosaur 恐龙bird 鸟类extinction 灭绝mammal 哺乳动物primates 灵长目动物insect 昆虫antenna (复数antennae) 触须larva 幼虫，幼体camouflage 伪装pest 害虫worm 虫，蠕虫hibernate 冬眠lizard 蜥蜴chameleon 变色蜥蜴regeneration 再生turtle 龟beast 野兽domesticate 驯养predatory (carnivorous ) 食肉的predator 捕食者prey （动词）捕食（名词）被捕食的动物scavenger 食腐动物migrate 迁移wing 翅膀，翼bill （鸟）嘴beak （鹰等的）嘴nest 筑巢dolphin 海豚whale 鲸鱼bat 蝙蝠gorilla 大猩猩chimpanzee 黑猩猩habitat 栖息地rodent 啮齿动物（如松鼠）primate 灵长动物plankton 浮游生物mollusk 软件动物coelenterate 腔肠动物（如珊瑚）shrimp 小虾prawn 对虾lobster 对虾crab 螃蟹clam 蛤蜊sponge 海绵coral 珊瑚starfish 海星canary 金丝雀chirp (鸟，虫的叫声)唧唧squeak （老鼠等）吱吱porpoise 海豚sloth 树懒slothful 懒惰的hygiene 卫生sanitation 卫生parasite 寄生虫moth 蛾caterpillar 毛虫hordes (昆虫等)群swarms (昆虫等)群flock （鸟，羊等）群community 动物的群落或人的部落herd 兽群bunch （花等）束，捧beaver 海狸monogamous 一夫一妻的polygamous一夫多妻的，一雄多雌的polyandrous 一妻多夫的，一雌多雄的trapper 诱捕动物者rhinoceros 犀牛niche 小生态环境vestige 退化器官，遗迹oyster 牡蛎fertilizer 使…受精larvae 幼虫tentacle 触角homotherm 恒温动物poikilotherm 变温动物metabolism 新陈代谢baboon 狒狒breed (名词)品种，（动词）繁殖multiply （reproduce）繁殖hatch 孵spawn (鱼、虾、蛙等)孵offspring (young) 解剖学anatomy 解剖学appetite 食欲creature 生物microbe 微生物herbivorous 食草的carnivorous 食肉的omnivorous 杂事的12 PLANT 植物botany 植物学botanist 植物学家botanical (botanic) 植物的plant 植物aquatic plant 水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root 根canopy 树冠层，顶棚foliage (leaf) 叶leaflet 小叶rosette (叶的)丛生stem 茎stalk 杆leafstalk 叶柄shoot (sprout ) 嫩芽，抽枝flower 花bud 花蕾petal 花瓣peel(skin) 果皮shell (硬) 果壳husk （干）果壳；（玉米）苞叶trunk 树干branch 树枝bough 大或者粗的树枝twig 小树枝bark 树皮jungle 丛林lawn 草坪meadow 草地，牧场prairie 大草原shrub (bush) 灌木cluster 一簇（灌木）fern 蕨类植物herb 草photosynthesis 光合作用symbiosis 共生wither (shrivel, fade) 凋谢pollen 花粉pollinate 传授花粉pollination 授粉cell 细胞tissue 组织organ 器官system 系统seeds 种子everlasting 永久的orchid 兰花pollinate 授粉crossbreed 杂交shrub 灌木sequoia 红杉root pressure 根压cohesion-tension 凝聚压力bore 腔，肠column 花柱symbiotic 共生的immunity 免疫organism 生物，有机物necrosis 坏死barren 贫瘠futile 无用的carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉），糖类glucose 葡萄糖starch 淀粉fat 脂肪protein 蛋白质vitamin 维他命calorie 卡路里（热量单位）malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养13 POLITICS 政治constitution 宪法legislation 立法Democrats 民主党Republicans 共和党Amendment 修正案Congress 美国国会Senate 参议院House of Representatives 众议院monarchy 君主制anarchism 无政府主义federal system 联邦制presidential system 总统制municipal 市的，市政的metropolitan 大都市的centralized 中央集权的ideology 意识形态maneuver 擦略tariff 关税immigrant 移民institutionalize 机构化election 选举vote 投票officeholding 任职veto 否决American Revolution 美国革命Independence War 美国独立战争American Civil War 美国内战radical 激进的,根本的overturning 颠覆性的independent 独立的breathtaking 激动人心的military 军事的colonize 拓殖，殖民per capita 人均treason 叛国conspiracy 阴谋imprisonment 监禁release 释放pardon 特赦accusation 谴责，指控welfare 福利patronage 资助，赞助unionization 联合，结合14 EDUCATION 教育educator 教育家higher education 高等教育moral character 道德质量domain 领域faculty 全体教员alumni 校友treasurer 生活委员，财务大臣elective system 选课制度curriculum 课程（总称）discipline 学科，管理learn by rote 死记硬背15 MUSIC音乐musical instrument 乐器orchestra 乐队string 弦乐wind 管乐shook rattle 摇拨浪鼓pound drum 击鼓footbeat 点脚，跺脚percussion 震荡，打击乐器note 音符score 乐谱movement 乐章fanatical 狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music 民间音乐pop music 流行音乐classical music 古典音乐Jazz 爵士乐16 PSYCHOLOGY 心理mental 心理的physical 身体的，物质的，物理的spiritual 心灵的conformity 从众majority 多数人minority 少数人threshold judgment （心理学）初始性判断subject 受实验物件17 PEOPLE 人物artist 艺术家choreographer 舞蹈编排家critic 批评家satirist 讽刺作家inventor 发明家biographer 自传作家sculptor 雕塑家feminist 女权主义者humanitarian 人道主义者imagist 意象派诗人philanthropist 慈善家proprietor 业主mortal 犯人precursor 先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice 学徒mechanic 机械工minimalist 简单抽象派艺术avant-garde 前卫派territory 领域genre 风格，体裁eccentric 古怪的odd 怪诞的，奇数的erratic 奇怪的weird 怪异的，不可思议的unique 独一无二的romantic 浪漫的innocent 天真的，无罪的lovelorn 相思病苦的emotional 情绪的，情感的sentimental 感伤的，多愁善感的cheerless 无精打采的，无生命力的patriarchal 家长的，族长的rigid 僵化的spare 简朴的clumsy 笨拙的nervous 紧张的zigzag 曲折的contemporary 当代的acclaimed 受欢迎的preeminent 杰出的outstanding 杰出的versatile (人)多才多艺的，（物体）多功能的household 家庭的，家喻户晓的genuine 真正的authentic 逼真的symbolic 象征性的immortal 不朽的，神nostalgia 怀旧主义，思乡emotive 感人的prodigious 巨大的classic 经典的posthumous 死后的11。

道德类英语单词(一篇)

道德类英语单词(一篇)道德类英语单词 11).morality n.道德，道义My brother was condemned for violating the social morality 我哥哥因违反社会道德而受谴责。

2).ethic n.道德准则l really appreciate that you are a staunch supporter of the work ethic对于你坚决支持勤奋工作的道德原则，我真的很欣赏。

3).virtue n.美德，优秀品质There is an old saying in China,”Patience is a virtue”中国有句古老的谚语“忍耐是美德”。

4).goodness n.善良，美德Nowadays, few youngsters have the goodness to raise the old people who have fallen down如今，几乎没有年轻人能好心地去扶摔倒的老人。

5).good-natured adj.本性善良，和蔼可亲的Although Hart has a good-natured face, he is cruel to animals尽管哈特长着一张善良的面孔，但他对动物十分残忍。

6).high-minded adj.高尚的The man was not high-minded as the news reported, because the drowning boy he saved was his son那个人并不像新闻报道的那样高尚，因为他救下的那个溺水的孩子是他儿子。

7).dishonorable adj.不名誉的，可耻的He is looked down upon by his relatives because of his dishonorable behaviors因为他的可耻行为，亲戚们都看不起他。

雅思写作分类词汇

雅思写作高频词汇分类汇总一．科技类1.advanced science 尖端科学2.scientific invention 科学发明3.exert a far-reaching impact on…对…产生一种深远的影响4.double-edged sword 双刃剑5.earth-shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变6.pay the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路y a solid foundation for…为…打下良好的基础8.energy crisis 能源危机9.depletion of resources 能源消耗estone 里程碑11.sophisticated equipment 尖端设备12.technical innovation 科技创新13.expediency 权宜之计14.antithetical 与…背道而驰的15.over-commercialized 过渡商业化的16.a heated discussion 热烈的讨论17.exhaust gas 废气18.disastrous 灾难性的19.overshadow 使…相形见绌pared to/with…与…相比her in 引领22.speedy and comfortable 既快捷又舒适23.opposite forces 负面影响24.a fatal breakdown 致命故障25.potential hazards 潜在危险26.pose a threat to…对…有一种威胁27.promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展28.accelerate 加速…29.means of transportation 交通方式30.transportation tools 交通工具31.social status 社会地位32.environmentally-friendly resources 环保的能源33.make people’s life easier 使人们生活更方便34.alternative fuel 可替代燃料35.sustainable development 可持续性发展36.scientific exploration 科学探索37.air travel 航空旅行38.ridiculous 可笑的39.absurd 荒唐的40.substitute 取代41.overcome difficulties 克服困难42.make progress 取得进步43.a sense of national pride 民族自豪感44.unprecedented 前所未有的46.give a great push to the economic growth 极大地推动了经济发展47.see dramatic breakthroughs 取得突破性进展48.aggravate 使恶化49.optimize 优化50.cure-all solution 万能良药二．文化类1.cultural insights 文化视角2.learn about the world 了解世界3.a thrilling experience 一种令人激动的经历4.abstract 抽象的5.concrete 具体的1.cultural diversity 文化多元化2.cultural treasures 文化宝藏3.cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流4.cultural reconstruction 文化重建5.spiritual civilization 精神文明6.heritage 遗产7.achievements of art 艺术成就8.tear down 拆除9.humane historical sites 人文历史遗址10.preserve the cultural relics 保护文化遗产11.blueprint 蓝图13.high-rise office buildings 高层写字楼14.city construction 城市建设15.well-structured 结构良好的16.crystallization 结晶17.visual enjoyment 视觉享受18.driving force 驱动力19.reconstruct 重建20.destruct 破坏21.architectural industry 建筑工业22.map out 制定出23.city designing 城市设计24.beautify our life 美化我们的生活25.human civilization 人类文明26.cradle of culture 文化摇篮27.mainstream culture 主流文化28.cultural traditions 文化传统29.national pride 民族自豪30.local customs and practices 风土人情31.attract people’s eyes 吸引人们的眼球32.artistic taste 艺术品味33.cornerstone 基石34.be closely interrelated with…与…有密切关系35.adhere to the tradition 坚持传统36.architectural vandalism 破坏建筑行为37.carry forward …弘扬…38.cultural needs 文化需求39.reputation 声望40.maintain the world peace 维护世界和平41.artistic reflection 艺术反映42.give publicity to…宣传…43.burden 负担44.cause irreversible damage 造成不可逆转的损失45.national identity and value 民族特性和价值观46.remove prejudice and misunderstanding 消除偏见和误解47.symbol 象征48.artistic standards 艺术水准49.enjoy great popularity 广受欢迎50.cultural devolution 文化退化三．教育类1.adapt oneself to the development of使自己适应…的发展2.scope of knowledge知识面3.narrow the gap between缩小了…的鸿沟4.lighten the burden of减轻了…的负担prehensive knowledge广博的知识6.distance education远程教育7.enrich the teaching method丰富教育手段8. be attractive to somebody对…具有吸引力9. eye-catching极好的、极快的10. eye-dazzling极好的、极快的11. fascinating极好的12. appealing极好的13.multimedia teaching多媒体教学14.solid professional working experience扎实的职业工作经验15. vocational education职业教育16. down-to-earth切合实际的17. stress-related illness与压力有关的疾病18. enjoy equal rights享有平等权利19. receive education接受教育20.thought-provoking引人深思的21. enlightening予以人启迪的22. far-reaching深远的23. never-ending永不停息的24. perplexing令人困惑的25. overwhelming压倒一切的26. the cultural diversity文化的多元性27. insightful富有洞察力的,有深刻见解的28.exchange experience交流经验29. undertake the due obligations承担责任30. offer a chance of education提供一种教育机会31.give a big push to the development of education给予教育极大的推动33. vocational training职业训练34.face possible pressure and competition迎接可能的压力和竞争35.Be easily taken in by容易受到某人或某事的欺骗36.exam-oriented education应试教育37.knowledge-intensive知识密集型的cation for all-round development全面发展教育39.have quick and easy access to something更快地接触到…东西40.Develop Our Creative Mind培养我们创造性思维41. Fake Diplomas假文凭42. Embracing the Knowledge Economy Age拥抱知识经济时代43. Renew Knowledge革新知识44. People-oriented以人为本的45. compulsory education义务教育46. keep skills fresh and up-to-date使得技能可以与时俱进47. widen one’s knowledge拓展知识面48. enrich one’s social and life experience丰富了社会和生活阅历49. enlarge one’s view拓展知识面50. broaden one’s horizons拓展知识面51. realize the value of life实现生命价值52. grasp good communication skills掌握良好的交流技能53. remove misunderstanding and discrimination消除误解和歧视54. improve cultural integration and globalization促进了文化的融合和文化全球化55. cultivate a strong sense of responsibility培养了强烈的责任感56.promote social skills and competence提高了社会能力和竞争力57.make contribution to society对社会做出贡献58.quality Education素质教育59.cross-cultural communication跨文化交流60.rote learning死记硬背61. concentrate one’s attention on关注…62.student-oriented education以学生为主体的教育63.bias of culture文化偏见64. cradle of culture文化摇篮65. mainstream culture主流文化66.system of education教育体制67.tap one’s potential挖掘某人的潜能68. go astray误入歧途69. commit crimes犯罪70. Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.教育不是注满木桶水，而是点燃生命的火ambiguity歧义71.denotation字面意思72. connotation暗含意思73. impractical不切实际的74.intellectual development智力发展75.interaction交流76. thinking capacity思考能力77. universal language世界语78. linguistic studies语言学研究79. a means of communication一种交流工具80. mechanical translation机械翻译81. untranslatable不宜翻译的82. develop linguistic skills培养语言技能83. verbal communication口头交流84. grammatical rules语法规则85. context语境86. core核心87. translation笔译88. interpretation口译89. a complex progress一个复杂过程90. cream精华91. cultivate logical thinking培养逻辑思维92. obscure晦涩的93. readability朗朗上口94. an unrealistic dream一个不切实际的梦想95. comprehensive knowledge全面的知识96. communicate with others directly, and freely与他人直接自由交流97. face-to-face communication面对面交流98. stimulate one’s interest激发了…的兴趣99. artificial intelligence人工智能100. help children learn a foreign language in a more vivid and interactive way 帮助孩子更生动，互动地学习一门外语101. miraculous令人惊叹的102. increase efficiency提高效率103. easy accessibility易于操作104. make astounding advances突飞猛进105. enrich the teaching and learning methods丰富了教学手段106. expertise专业知识107. flourishing繁荣兴旺的108. speedy communication快速的交流109. read between the lines读懂暗含的意思110. language acquisition语言习得111. term术语112. implication含义113. be fully aware of…充分意识到…114. optimistic乐观的115. pessimistic悲观的116. drawback弊端117. precious gift宝贵的礼物118. linguist语言学家119. mission impossible不可能的任务四．媒体类1.paparazzi 狗仔队2.mass media 大众媒体3.entertainment 娱乐4.journalism 新闻业5.journal 期刊6.the latest news 最新消息7.exclusive news 独家新闻8.news agency 新闻社9.news blockout 新闻封锁10.news censorship 新闻审查11.freedom of the press 新闻自由12.coverage 新闻报道13.do reportage on …报导…14.hit the headlines 上头条15.issue 出版、发行16.newsstand 报摊17.free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人18.chief editor 总编19.editorial 社论20.newsworthy 值得报道的21.barometer 晴雨表22.the barometer of public opinion 舆论的晴雨表23.live broadcast 直播24.quiz show 智力竞争节目25.game show 游戏节目26.variety show 综合节目27.talk show 脱口秀28.sitcom 情景喜剧30.movie star 电影明星31.movie king 影帝32.movie queen 影后33.affair 绯闻34.celebrity 名人35.fame 名声36.rise to fame 声名鹊起37.fan 粉丝38.invade one’s privacy 侵扰了…的隐私39.misleading 误导性的40.cheating 欺骗性的41.popularity 知名度42.scandal 丑闻43.sensational 轰动的44.prevalent 普遍的、流行的45.imperative 重要的、必要的46.audience ratings 收视率47.propaganda 宣传48.be abducted by 受…诱导49.purify one’s soul 净化心灵50.live in virtual world 生活在一个虚拟世界中51.be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是一个巨大安慰52.meet different tastes 满足不同口味53.provide somebody with something 给…提供…54.follow the fashion blindly 盲目追逐时尚mit crimes 犯罪56.be inconceivable to somebody 对…来说是难以想象的57.impressive 给人印象深刻的58.right to know 知情权59.in the disguise of …打着…的幌子60.endanger social stability and safety 危害社会稳定和安全rmation era 信息时代2.keep one informed about something 使人们了解…3.audience/viewers 观众4.have unhealthy and harmful effects on…对…有不良影响rmation-explosion society 信息爆炸的社会6.influential 有影响的7.revolutionize the way we acquire information 彻底改变了我们获取信息的方式8.blessing 福9.curse 祸10.various thrilling programs 各种各样激动人心的节目11.poor-quality programs 低质量节目12.ever-accelerated 不断发展的13.exaggerate 夸张14.enjoyable 令人享受的15.fashionable 时尚的16.electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射17.psychological illnesses 心理疾病18.isolated 孤僻的19.unimaginative 缺乏想象力的20.unsociable 不好社交的21.deprive somebody of one’s imagination and creativity 使…丧失了想象力和创造力22.jeopardize one’s health 危害健康23.be exposed to…了解到…接触到…24.find its way into every family 进入千家万户25.global village 地球村26.be indulged in…沉溺于…27.be addicted to …对…上瘾28.be fascinated by …被…所吸引29.be dependent on …依赖…30.second-hand information 二手信息31.go astray 误入歧途32.embark on the criminal road 走上犯罪道路33.irresistible 无法抵制的34.hallmark 标志35.create topics of discussion 制造交谈话题36.critical thinking 批判性思维37.powerful means of communication 有力的交流工具38.main cause 主因40.reliable 可靠的41.family attachment 家庭归属感42.mutual understanding 相互了解43.alienation of affection 感情疏远44.be sick of …对…厌倦45.generation gap 代沟46.exchanges of feelings 感情交流47.emotional bond 感情纽带48.strengthen family ties 加强家庭纽带关系49.be detached from reality 与现实隔绝50.distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非51.edifying 有教育意义的52.couch potato 电视迷53.be harmful to …对…有害54.imitate 模仿55.inexpressible 难以形容的56.physical and mental health 身心健康57.stimulate one’s imagination and creativity 激发某人想象力和创造力58.unwholesome lifestyle. 不健康的生活方式59.a great deal of information 大量的信息60.disinteresting 令人索然无味的五．旅游类词汇1．旅游景点tourist attractions/tourist spots/places of interest2．开阔眼界push back/expand one’s vision/horizons3．游客与当地人的互动tourists can interact with the locals4．促进文化交流promote cultural communication5．吸引draw/attract/appeal to (vts)/be a magnet for somebody6．亲身体验(n) first-hand experience7．多种感官体验的(如听觉，触觉等) multi-sensory(adj)8．相互了解mutual understanding9．把游客和当地人隔离seclude/isolate(vts) the tourist from the locals 10．商业化commercialise/commodity(vts)11．欺骗游客的手段tourist traps12．冲突conflict(n,vi+with)六．政府投资类词汇1．ordinary citizens 老百姓2．make concerned efforts3．eliminate poverty 消除贫困4．the department concerned 有关部门5．take effective measures 有效的措施6．invest… into 投入7．health and medical treatment 医疗卫生8．profit 收益利润盈利9．当局authorities(n)10．老百姓citizens/the citizenry11．规范，管理regulate/administer/overse(vts)12．实施implement(vt)13．立法legislate(vi)/make laws14．民主与开放的政府a democratic and progressive government15．严禁(v) strictly prohibit/ban altogether16．严格的法律stringent laws/legislation17．规章制度rules and regulations18．为……拨款allocate monety to sth./subsidise(vt)/be a patron of/investin/finance(vt)/fund(vt)/dedicate money to sth.19．预算budget20．税收tax revenue(n)21．政府在某方面的开支(n) 他和government spending/expenditure on sth.22．削减(v) curtail(vt)23．增加augment(vt)24．当务之急(n) priority25．把……当成当务之急give priority to sth.26．责任(n) responsibility/obligation27．人道主义救援humanitrian(adj) aid (n)28．管理administer/regulate29．军备竞赛arms race(n)30．自卫self-defence(BrE,n)七．环境和动物保护类1.vivisection 活体解剖2.perform. experiments on animals 在动物身上做试验3.test animals 用于实验的动物4.be subjected to experiments 被迫接受试验5.animal rights 动物权利6.clinical research 临床研究7.cruel 残忍的8.extremist 极端主义者9.medical research 医学研究10.origin of species 物种起源11.alternative method 替代的方法12.biological diversity 生物多样性13.natural balance 自然平衡14.equilibrium of ecosystem 生态平衡15.coexistence 共存16.endangered animals 濒危动物17.diversity of species 物种多样性18.shameless 令人羞愧的19.barbaric 野蛮的20.live and let live 活着就是与万物共存21.meaningless 没有意义的22.dominant species 优势物种boratory 实验室24.vaccine 疫苗25.infringement 践踏26.right to live 生存权28.anti-science 反科学的29.life-threatening diseases 危及生命的疾病30.scientific gains 科学成果31.an ever-lasting theme 一个永恒的主题32.evolution 进化puter simulation 电脑模拟34.groundless 没有理由的35.humane 人道的36.medical technology 医疗技术37.anatomy 解剖38.equal 公平的39.unreliable 不可信赖的40.valid 有效的、正当的31．the main industry 主要行业32．fishing and farming 农业和渔业33．the wastewater from some factories 工厂废水34．turn the water into a dark green color 把水染成墨绿色35．wash clothes in the rivers 在水里洗衣服36．keep away from it 远离37．water energy 水资源38．drink and wash every day 每天喝水、每天洗衣服39．gas energy 煤气40．rely on for heating 供热41．electric energy 电能42．solar energy 太阳能43．people can not do without them 没有不行44．is unequally distributed over China 不均匀地分布在中国45．with a great density in eastern region but rarity in the west 东部人口稠密、西部人口稀少46．in coastal cities 沿海城市47．the economy of eastern area 东部地区的经济48．seriously think about it 认真地思考49．is lack of some high technology 缺少高科技50．modern machines 现代化的机器51．gradually change our labor-intensive industry to technique-concentrated industry52．将劳动密集型产业转化成技术密集型产业53．protect environment 保护环境54．a basic state policy 基本国策55．enact laws and regulations 制定法律、法规56．environmental protection 环境保护57．environmental standards 环境标准58．see an unprecedented upsurge 出现了从来未有过的高潮59．give their support to the government’s work支持政府工作60．talk about environmental protection issues 讨论环保问题61．participate in environmental protection activities 参与环保活动62．use cloth bags 使用布袋63．plastic bags 塑料袋65．fight against sandstorms 与沙尘暴作战66．volunteer to plant trees and grass 自愿种草植树67．adopt various measures 采取各种各样的措施68．curb environmental pollution 抑制环境污染69．environmental protection funds keep rising 环保基金持续增长70．the UN standard of 0.8 percent for developing countries联合国规定的发展中国家0.8%的标准71．global warming 全球变暖72．have different effects 有不同的影响73．blame global warming for extreme weather events 指责全球变暖给天气带来不好的影响74．severe droughts 严重的干旱75．floods and storms 洪水和暴风76．climate changes 气候变化77．affect people everywhere 影响着所有地方的人们78．cause many disastrous crop losses79．为庄稼带来灾难性的损失80．sea level rise 海平面上升81．wildlife habitats 野生动物栖息地82．provide food, shelter and the right conditions for plants and animals83．为动植物提供实物、居所和适合生长的环境84．change with climate 随气候变化85．adjust themselves to the changes physically and mentally87．adjust your curtains or blinds to let in as much light as possible调好窗帘，让尽可能多的阳光照进屋子88．keep the bridge efficiently and cheaply 让冰箱高效率地工作89．site your fridge next to a cooker or boiler 把冰箱放在锅边上90．leave a gap between the fridge and the cooker 在冰箱和锅之间刘一条缝91．don’t put really wet clothes into a tumble dryer不要把湿衣服直接放进烘干机92．heat the amount of water you really need 用多少水烧多少水93．a dripping hot water tap 流水不断的水龙头94．waste energy 浪费能源95．Acute disease96．Biosphere生物圈97．Chemical substance98．Chronic disease 慢性病99．Commercial interest 商业利益100．Conducive to good health 有益健康的101．Deforestation 采伐森林102．Demolish 毁坏破坏103．Densely-populated 人口密集的104．Die out105．Domestic sewage家庭污水106．Ecology生态学107．Endangered108．Energy shortage能源缺乏109．Fatal disease 致命的疾病110．Greenhouse effect温室效应111．Indispensable112．Interdependent 相互依赖的113．Land clearing开荒114．Overgraze 过度放牧115．Posterity 后代子孙116．Reforestation 从新造林117．Remedial measure 补救措施118．Short-sighted119．Take revenge on human 报复120．Toxic 有毒的121．White pollution八．社会类1.urbanization 城市化2.centralization 集中化3.imbalance 不平衡4.in the long run 从长远角度而言5.infrastructure 基础设施6.booming 繁荣发展的7.tertiary industry 第三产业8.tranquility 宁静9.revenue 税收mercialization 商业化11.traffic congestion 交通拥挤12.water scarcity 水短缺13.the environmental pollution 环境污染14.over-industrialization 过度工业化15.over-crowdedness 过度拥挤16.unemployment 失业17.wealth distribution 财富分配18.social instability 社会动荡19.urban construction 城市建设20.population explosion 人口激增21.a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升22.drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗23.offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会24.a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活25.stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病26.high cost of living 高额生活费用27.pastoral life 田园生活28.class polarization 阶级两极分化29.social welfare 社会福利30.give special care to …给予…特殊关照31.urban sprawl 城市扩张32.convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具33.better medical services 更好的医疗服务35.be vulnerable to …易于患上…36.melting pot 熔炉37.on the brink of …处于…边缘38.pollutant 污染性物质39.waste disposal 废物处理40.put the blame on …归咎于…41.be attributable to …归因为…42.ways of consumption 消费方式43.suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失44.citizen 居民45.be confronted with…面临着…46.breed crimes 滋生犯罪47.vicious cycle 恶性循环48.a feasible measure 一种可行的措施49.give priority to …优先考虑…50.city planners 城市规划者九．犯罪类1．commit crimes 犯罪2．offender, criminal 罪犯，违法者3．school shooting 校园枪击4．death penalty ，capital punishment 死刑5．life-imprisonment 无期徒刑6．juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪female crime 妇女犯罪7．domestic violence 家庭暴力8．lengthy jail 长期监禁9．community service 社区服务10．deterent 威慑11．victim 受害者12．re-offence 重新犯罪13．law-abiding citizens 守法的公民14．innocent 无辜的15．go astray 误入歧途16．abandon evil and do good 弃恶扬善17．regulate 规范18．supervise 监督19．break the law 违法20．put other's life at risk 使别人的生命处于危险之中21．crime prevention 罪案防范22．embody 体现23．humanism 人道主义reform the convicts 改造犯罪分子correct one's misconduct 改过自新健康Healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式sedentary lifestyle久坐的an active lifestyle积极锻炼的excessive intake of…吃过多的……convenience food方便食品diabetes, diarrhea, respiratory diseasenutrition营养balanced diet均衡的饮食protein蛋白质vitamin维生素fibre纤维mineral矿物质incurable disease绝症depression抑郁症obesity肥胖症stress-related diseases和压力有关的疾病therapy （非药物）治疗treatment 治疗Relieve=ease=alleviate 减轻stressaerobic exercises有氧运动vigorous有活力的energetic经历充沛的refreshing提神的refresh your mind and body 提神train your muscle肌肉improve blood circulation血液循环increase flexibility提高灵活性rain 排出cultivate stamina and persistence培养耐力和毅力develop teamwork spirit 培养团队合作精神conduce to physical fitness身体健康jeopardize= damage 危害。

托福独立写作素材【品德类】

托福独立写作素材整理-品德类046 What are the important qualities of a good son or daughter? Have these qualities changed or remained the same over time in your culture? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.好儿子或女儿的品质是什么？1 听家长的话段落大意：好的子女应该做到听家长的话，不违抗他们好的建议。

A child should always listen to his parents and should always keep in mind that whatever they say is always for his own benefits. He should never be disobedient or rude to them. So a child should always keep their aspirations in mind and the expectations parents have for them. And when their parents become old, he should make sure that they are able to lead a relaxing and peaceful life, free from worries and tensions.2 对父母要爱戴，尊敬段落大意：家长们都希望自己的孩子能爱自己，尊重自己。

Personally, I don't think that there have been any substantial changes over time in my culture regarding the qualities of good child. Even today a parent would demand love, affection and respect from his child as what rooted in our culture years ago. Earlier in the history an ordinary Brahmin Hindu wanted his child to become a pundit, now a clerk would like his child to become a doctor or an engineer. In short, a parent always wishes his children grow beyond what they could be in their lives. Generation gap is always there, be there yesterday, today or even tomorrow.3 理解父母段落大意：家长给孩子们最好的一切，子女们应该理解家长对他们的爱。

托福分学科词汇汇总

托福分学科词汇汇总以下是一些托福考试中常见的学科词汇：1. 数学 (Mathematics)- algebra 代数- calculus 微积分- geometry 几何- probability 概率- statistics 统计学2. 物理 (Physics)- force 力- motion 运动- energy 能量- gravity 重力- velocity 速度3. 化学 (Chemistry)- element 元素- reaction 反应- acid 酸- base 碱4. 生物 (Biology)- organism 生物体- cell 细胞-DNADNA- evolution 进化- ecosystem 生态系统5. 地理 (Geography)- continent 大陆- climate 气候- landform 地貌- river 河流- mountain 山脉6. 历史 (History)- civilization 文明- empire 帝国- revolution 革命- colony 殖民地- monarchy 君主制7. 政治学 (Political Science)- democracy 民主- dictatorship 独裁- government 政府- policy 政策- sovereignty 主权8. 经济学 (Economics)- supply and demand 供求关系- inflation 通货膨胀- recession 经济衰退-GDP国内生产总值- market market 市场9. 社会学 (Sociology)- culture 文化- society 社会- inequality 不平等- deviance 偏差- socialization 社会化10. 心理学 (Psychology)- behavior 行为- cognition 认知- emotion 情绪- personality 个性- memory 记忆这只是一小部分涉及不同学科的词汇，考试中还可能会出现其他学科相关的词汇。

托福写作文化类高分词汇

托福写作文化类高分词汇托福写作想要提高，必需要在平常多积累，不仅要积累写作素材还要积累一些高分词汇，这样写作才能得到更好地提升。

今日我给大家带来了托福写作高分词汇：文化类高分词汇整理,盼望能够关心到大家，一起来学习吧。

托福写作高分词汇：文化类高分词汇整理1.cultural insights文化视角2.learn about the would了解世界3.a thrilling experience一种令人感动的经受4.abstract抽象的5.concrete详细的6.move somebody to tears使…感动落泪7.get relaxed and entertained得到放松和消遣8.venue场所9.has its value有其自己价值10.inspiration灵感11.scope of knowledge学问面12.spread knowledge传播学问sting artistic works永恒的艺术作品14.abstruse浅显的15.break with old customs抛弃传统16.carry down from generation to generation代代相传17.advocate the new lifestyle.提倡新的生活方式18.entertainment消遣19.be different from… 与…不同20.direct experience直接阅历21.echo共识22.satiate people’s psychological demands满意心理需求23.attach more importance to… 更重视…24.spiritual enhancement精神升华25.a mirror of… 是…的一面镜子26.determinant打算性因素27.eclipse使…相形见绌28.contribute to… 有助于…29.a sense of cool and satisfaction一种满意的感觉30.pastimes消遣方式31.nurture imagination培育想象力32.meditation深思33.an essence of immortality永恒的精髓34.instructive有启发性的35.edification熏陶36.arouse one’s curiosity about something引发某人对某事的奇怪心37.enrich one’s knowledge丰富某人学问38.value of knowledge学问的价值39.cultural differences文化差异性40.time is fleeting and art is long时间飞逝，艺术永恒41.cultural diversity文化多元化42.cultural treasures文化宝藏43.cross-cultural communication跨文化沟通44.cultural reconstruction文化重建45.spiritual civilization精神文明46.heritage遗产47.achievements of art艺术成就48.tear down拆除49.humane historical sites人文历史遗址50.preserve the cultural relics爱护文化遗产51.blueprint蓝图52.skyscraper摩天大楼53.high-rise office buildings高层写字楼54.city construction城市建设55.well-structured结构良好的56.crystallization结晶57.visual enjoyment视觉享受58.driving force驱动力59.reconstruct重建60.destruct破坏61.architectural industry建筑工业62.map out制定出63.city designing城市设计64.beautify our life美化我们的生活65.human civilization人类文明66.cradle of culture文化摇篮67.mainstream culture主流文化68.cultural traditions文化传统69.national pride民族骄傲70.local customs and practices风土人情71.attract people’s eyes吸引人们的眼球72.artistic taste艺术品尝73.cornerstone基石74.be closely interrelated with… 与…有亲密关系75.adhere to the tradition坚持传统76.architectural vandalism破坏建筑行为77.carry forward… 弘扬…78.cultural needs文化需求79.reputation声望80.maintain the world peace维护世界和平81.artistic reflection艺术反映82.give publicity to… 宣扬…83.burden负担84.cause irreversible damage造成不行逆转的损失85.national identity and value民族特性和价值观86.remove prejudice and misunderstanding消退偏见和误会87.symbol象征88.artistic standards艺术水准89.enjoy great popularity广受欢迎90.cultural devolution文化退化托福考试作文独立写作范文：政府提升公众医疗保健真题回顾The mostimportant thing for government to improve health care is to clean theenvironment.点睛题目大意：对政府来说，提升公众医疗保健最重要的是去清洁环境。

曾铎老师：托福写作分类词汇之教育学习类

曾铎老师：托福写作分类词汇之教育学习类托福大作文的写作一直以来都是考生的难点，其原因主要有两个方面。

第一个，在于考生对托福写作话题是否“有话可说”，即是否对某一话题有自己的想法，并有合适的论据进行逻辑严密的论证；第二个，在于考生是否积累有充足的写作词汇和短语，游刃有余地用英语表达出自己的想法。

针对学生语料库薄弱（第二种）的情况，我在这里按照话题（本期为教育类）总结整理了一系列有用的表达方式，可有效帮助学生备考。

教育学习类Top 顶尖的Catalogue 目录Diploma 毕业证书Expertise 专业知识Specialized knowledge and skills 专业知识和技能Insightful 富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的Ability and wisdom智慧Enlightening 发人深省的Renew（借书）续借Far-reaching 深远的Never-ending 永不停息的Current issues 本期刊物Back issues 过期刊物Library card 借书卡Teaching facilities教学设施Multimedia teaching 多媒体教学First-rate facilities一流的设备Highly qualified、well-experienced teaching staff高素质、有经验的老师School authorities校方Scope of knowledge 知识面Broaden one's scope of knowledge扩大知识面Rudimentary knowledge 基础知识Comprehensive knowledge 广博的知识Broaden one’s horizon| Enlarge one’s view 扩大视野Knowledge-intensive 知识密集型的Rote learning 死记硬背Realize the value of life 实现生命价值Renew knowledge 革新知识Distance education 远程教育V ocational education 职业教育Receive education 接受教育Online education 网络教育Education system 教育体制Exam-oriented education 应试教育Quality education 素质教育Education for all-round development 全面发展教育Student-oriented education 以学生为主的教育Enrich the teaching method 丰富教学手段Get self-promotion 得到自我提升Stimulate one’s interest 激发兴趣Read between the lines 读懂暗含意思Cultivate a strong sense of responsibility 培养强烈的责任感Assume one's responsibility承担责任Promote social skills and competence 提高交际能力和竞争力Offer a chance of education 提供教育机会Enrich one’s social and life experience 丰富社会和生活阅历Teach students according to their aptitude 因材施教Improve the health and psychological quality 提高身心素质Expand enrollment 扩招Adjust to the social changes 适应社会的变化Meet the urgent needs of the society 满足社会的急需Development in an all-round way 全面发展Take part in the Entrance Exams for Postgraduate Schools 考研Guidelines for education 教育方针Education background 学历Bachelor’s (master’s, doctor’s) degree 学士（硕士、博士）学位Top ranking student 优等生Campus activity校园活动Fight for a balanced between club activities and study 在社团和学习之间保持平衡More opportunities to see the big world 更多接触外面世界的机会Gain a brighter future 收获光明的未来Make our university life more diversified 使得我们的大学生活多姿多彩A different perspective of the world 不同的世界观Confirm students’ abilities 证明学生的能力Take up various activities 参加各种各样的活动Good academic atmosphere 良好的学术氛围A harmonious dormitory environment 和谐的宿舍生活Go abroad for future study 出国深造Academic activities 学术活动Have an incomparable advantage over others具有别人不可比拟的优势Lack of confidence缺乏自信Adapt oneself to适应Simple-minded头脑简单Possess an apparent advantage over拥有明显优势Get rid of摆脱Full preparation充分准备Emotional contact感情交流Past glory and achievement过去的辉煌和成绩Active participation积极参加Social skill交际能力School teacher and administrator老师和校方领导A strong sense of loss强烈的失落感Acquaint oneself with使熟悉Remove loneliness and disorientation消除孤独感和不适应感Costly tuition fee昂贵的学费Lifelong memories 毕生的记忆Distinguish right from wrong辨明是非A sense of achievement成就感Resist the temptation抵挡住诱惑Independent thinking and learning独立思考和学习An immense asset极大的财富Advanced science 尖端科学Financial burden / strain 经济负担Widen one's horizon / broaden one's mind开阔视野Cross-cultural communication跨文化交际Be immersed in全身心投入Shortage of talent人才短缺Interpersonal skill人际交往能力Emotionally damaging伤感情的Be more adaptable适应性强的Throw oneself into投身于Stand out from the crowd脱颖而出曾铎老师：研究生毕业于英国爱丁堡大学（2014年排名全球第17位）莫雷学院TESOL （对外英语教学）专业。

托福听力必备词汇之文哲篇

托福听力必备词汇之文哲篇
上海环球雅思
今天，环球雅思的小编为大家带来了托福听力必备词汇之文哲篇，供大家参考使用。

环球雅思愿与您分享每一篇美文！
文学、哲学类题材的文章在托福听力中常常出现，这类文章中多多讨论作家作品及其文学流派，以及主要的哲学思想派系等专业术语，给大家的听力带来困难。

掌握基本的文哲类词汇和知识有助于提高听力对细节的把握，提高考试做题的准确率。

这里为大家准备了部分文哲类的必备词汇，希望能对托福备考的同学们有所帮助。

文学类：
Biography 传记
Allegory 寓言
Editorial 社论
Prose 散文
School of literature 文学派别
Romanticism 浪漫主义
Realism 现实主义
Modernism 现代主义
Literary criticism 文学评论
哲学类：
Rhetoric 修辞
Ethics 道德规范，伦理学
Moral 道德的
Universal 普遍的
Intrinsic 内部的
Conservative 保守的
Empirical 经验主义的
Doctrine 教义，学说
Idealism 唯心论，理想主义
Metaphysics 形而上学。