专业英语_练习题_考试复习题-2015
2015职称英语考试真题
2015职称英语考试真题The 2015 Professional English Exam is a significant milestone for many individuals seeking to advance their careers. It serves as a test of one's proficiency in English, which is a crucial skill in today's globalized world. For many test-takers, this exam represents an opportunity to showcase their language abilities and potentially open doors to new job opportunities or promotions. Preparing for the exam can be a daunting task, as it requires a thorough understanding of English grammar, vocabulary, and comprehension skills. Many candidates spend months studying and practicing to ensure they are well-preparedon exam day. The pressure to perform well can be intense, as the results of the exam can have a significant impact on one's career prospects. On exam day, test-takers may experience a range of emotions, from nervousness and anxiety to excitement and anticipation. The exam itself is a test of not only one's language skills but also one's ability to perform under pressure. The time constraints and the need to accurately answer each question can add to the stress of the situation. Despite the challenges and pressures of the exam, many candidates find a sense of accomplishment and pride in successfully completing the test. For some, passingthe exam can be a validation of their hard work and dedication to improving their English skills. It can also be a confidence booster, knowing that they have the language abilities necessary to succeed in their chosen field. However, not everyone may achieve the results they were hoping for. Failing the exam can be disheartening and may require candidates to reevaluate their study methods andmake adjustments for future attempts. It is important for individuals to not be discouraged by setbacks and to use them as learning opportunities for growth and improvement. In conclusion, the 2015 Professional English Exam is a significant event for many individuals seeking to advance their careers. It represents an opportunity to showcase language abilities, but also comes with challenges and pressures. Regardless of the outcome, it is important for test-takers to approach the exam with determination, perseverance, and a willingness to learn and improve.。
2015英语专业四级考试听写模拟试题第1-10篇
第1篇TeamworkTeamwork is just as important in science as it is on the playing field or in the gym. Scientific investigations are almost always carried out by teams of people working together. Ideas are shared, experiments are designed,data are analyzed, and results are evaluated and shared with other investigators. Group work is necessary, and is usually more productive than working alone.Several times throughout the year you may be asked to work with one or more of your classmates. Whatever the task your group is assigned, a few rules need to be followed to ensure a productive and successful experience.What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone's ideas deserve consideration and each group member can make his or her own contribution. Secondly, it makes a job easier to divide the group task among all group members. Thirdly, always worktogether, take turns, and encourage each other by listening, clarifying, and trusting one another. Mutual support and trust often make a great difference.Useful words and expressions:playing field n. 运动场productive adj. 多产的，有生产价值的productive force 生产力productive labor 有价值的劳动a productive farm 肥沃的农场a productive writer 多产作家investigation n. 调查，研究(be) under investigation 在调查研究中bear investigation 经得起考查，不怕追查keep an open mind 不抱成见，抱着虚心态度make a great difference 有很大差别，有很大影响听力源文件下载地址：/s/1i3iV5Tb第2篇Mistakes Are Good TeachersAfter the birth of my second child，I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced waitress for a few days，I was allowed to wait on tables on my own. When Saturday night came，I was luckily given the tables not far from the kitchen.However，I still felt a little hard to carry the heavy trays. So I moved slowly, minding every step. I remembered how happy I was when I saw a tray standing next to the tables. It looked different from the one I was trained on，and it had nice handles which made it easier to move around. I was pleased with everything and began to believe I was natural at this job. Then, an old man came to me and said that was his wife's walker. I stood frozen as ice，but my face was on fire. Since then, I have learned to be more careful and not to be too sure of myself. (164 words)Useful Words and Expressions :tray [trei] ；n.盘子，托盘handle ['heendl] n.把手，手柄frozen (freeze的过去分词）adj.冷冻的，冷藏的frozen food冷冻食品frozen assets冻结的资产keep. . . frozen 冷藏听力源文件下载地址：/s/1i3iV5Tb第3篇Time Has the Power to Change AttitudeLast week, my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home.My earliest memories of my father are of a tall, handsome, successful man devoted to his work and family but uncomfortable with his children. As a child, I loved him；as a school girl and young adult, I feared him and felt bitter about him.On the first day of my visit, we did some shopping，ate on the street table，and laughed over my son's funny facial expressions. Gone was my father's critical air and strict rules. Who was this person I knew as my father who seemed so friendly and interesting to be around?The next day, my dad pulled out his childhood pictures and told me quite a few stories about his own childhood. Although our times together became easier over the years, I never felt closer to him until that moment. After so many years, I'm at last seeing another side of my father.Useful Words and Expressions:devote [di'vaut] 投人于，献身be devoted to 专心于devote oneself to sth.献身于，致力于He's devoted to me.他对我忠心耿耿。
英语专业四级六级复习-2015年英语专八真题及答案
英语专业 四级/六级真题解析2015年英语专八真题及答案2015英语专八听力答案Section A Mini-lecture1. parts of language2. other features3. rhythm4. having the ability5. a particular subject6. knowledge or experience7. reinterpreting8. predicting/making predictions9. types of predictions10. contentsSection B Interview1. Theresa thinks that the present government is ________.[A] doing what they have promised to schools[B] creating opportunities for leading universities[C] considering removing barriers for state school pupils[D] reducing opportunities for state school pupils2. What does Theresa see as a problem in secondary schools now?[A] Universities are not working hard to accept state school pupils.[B] The number of state pupils applying to Oxford fails to increase.[C] The government has lowered state pupils’ expectations.[D] Leading universities are rejecting state school pupils.3. In Theresa’s view, school freedom means that schools should ____.[A] be given more funding from education authorities[B] be given all the money and decide how to spend it[C] be granted greater power to run themselves[D] be given more opportunities and choices4. According to Theresa, who decides or decide money for schools at the present?[A] Local education authorities and the central government.[B] Local education authorities and secondary schools together.[C] Local education authorities only.[D] The central government only.5. Throughout the talk, the interviewer does all the following EXCEPT____.[A] asking for clarification[B] challenging the interviewee[C] supporting the interviewee[D] initiating topicsSection C News BroadcastNews Item 16. What is the main idea of the news item?[A] Fewer people watch TV once a week.[B] Smartphones and tablets have replaced TV.[C] New technology has led to more family time.[D] Bigger TV sets have attracted more people.News Item 27. How many lawmakers voted for the marijuana legalization bill?[A] 50. [B] 12.[C] 46. [D] 18.8. The passing of the bill means that marijuana can be________.[A] bought by people under 18[B] made available to drug addicts[C] provided by the government[D] bought in drug storesNews Item 39. What did the review of global data reveal?[A]Diarrhea is a common disease.[B]Good sanitation led to increase in height.[C]There were many problems of poor sanitation.[D] African children live in worse sanitary conditions.10. The purpose of Dr. Alan Dangour’s study was most likely to ________.[A] examine links between sanitation and death from illness[B] look into factors affecting the growth of children[C] investigate how to tackle symptoms like diarrhea[D] review and compare conditions in different countries2015专八阅读理解答案PartⅡ Reading ComprehensionText A11. According to the author, shoppers are returning their purchases for all the following reasons EXCEPT that ____.[A] they are unsatisfied with the quality of the purchase[B]they eventually find the purchase too expensive[C] they change their mind out of uncertainty[D] they regret making the purchase without forethought12. What is the purpose of the experiment in the bookstore?[A] To see which promotion method is preferred by customers.[B]To find out the strengths and weaknesses of both methods.[C] To try to set up a new retailer-customer relationship.[D] To see the effect of an approach on customers' decisions.13. Why does the author cite the study by Bangor University and the Royal Mail Service?[A]To compare similar responses in different settings.[B] To provide further evidence for his own observation.[C] To offer a scientific account of the brain's functions.[D] To describe emotional responses in online shopping.14. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Real satisfaction depends on factors other than the computer.[B] Despite online shopping we still attach importance to gift buying.[C] Some people are still uncertain about the digital age.[D] Online shopping offers real satisfaction to shoppers.Text B15. In the first paragraph, the author suggests that____.[A]a person can either have a high IQ or a low EQ[B]her professor brother cares too much about IQ[C]we need examples of how to follow one's heart[D]she prefers dogs that are clever and loyal16. According to the passage, all the following are Twist's characteristics EXCEPT____.[A]resignation[B]patience[C]forgiveness[D]tenacity17. According to the context, the meaning of the word "square"is closest to____.[A]fast[B]blindly[C]straight[D]stubbornly18.ThatTwist's devotion keeps my girls on a benevolent leash means that____.[A]Twist is capable of looking after the girls[B]Twist and the girls have become friends[C]Twist knows how to follow the girls[D]Twist's loyalty helps the girls grow up19. What does the author try to express in the last paragraph?[A]Difficulties in raising her children.[B]Worries about what to buy for kids.[C]Gratitude to Twist for her role.[D]Concerns about schooling and religion.Text C20. That it tottered on the borders of senile decay means that the lorry was_________.[A] about to break down[B] a very old vehicle[C] unable to travel the distance[D] a dangerous vehicle21. Which of the following words in the first paragraph is used literally?[A] Flush.[B] Borders.[C] Operations.[D] Gasping.22. We learn from the first paragraph that the author regards the inadequacies of the lorry as _________.[A] inevitable and amusing[B]. dangerous and frightening[C] novel and unexpected[D] welcome and interesting23. All the following words in the last but one paragraph describe the lorry as a humanEXCEPT______ .[A] trembling[B] spouting[C] shuddering[D] crept24. We can infer from the passage that the author was ________.[A] bored by the appearance of the grasslands ahead[B] reluctant to do any walking in so hot a climate[C] unfriendly towards the local driver and boys[D] a little surprised to have to help drive the lorry25. A suitable title for the passage would be _______.[A] A journey that scared me[B] A journey to remember[C] The wild West African lorry[D] A comic journey in West AfricaText D26. According to the passage, which of the following serves as the BEST reason for the similarity in urban green space throughout the West?[A]Climate.[B]Geography.[C] Functional purposes.[D]Design principles.27. The following are all features of future urban green space EXCEPT that________ .[A]each city has its distinct style of urban green space[B]urban landscape will focus more on cultural history[C] urban green space will be designed to serve many uses[D]more green cover will be seen on city roofs and walls28. Why are some local residents opposed to "xeriscaping"?[A]It cannot reduce water requirements.[B]It has proved to be too costly.[C] It is not suited for the local area.[D]It does not have enough advantages.29. According to the passage, if planners adopt an asset-based approach, they will probably .[A]incorporate the area's natural and cultural heritage into their design[B]make careful estimation of the area's natural resources before designing[C] combine natural resources and practical functions in their design[D]envision more purposes for urban landscaping in their design30. According to the passage, future landscaping designs will rely more on .__ .[A]human assumptions[B]field work[C] scientific estimation[D]laboratory work2015英语专八人文答案2015年专八考试已于3月21日考完，新东方在线为考生们整理了2015专八人文答案，仅供参考。
计算机专业英语复习题
一、判断对错1. The software system is the physical equipment that you can see and touch.2. Typically, a data value is set to zero to represent FALSE and 1 value for TRUE.3. In the earliest general-purpose computer, most input and output media were magnetic disks.4. Supercomputers are largest, fastest, and most expensive computer available.5. A computer system consists of hardware system and software system.1. The data bus always receives data from the CPU, and the CPU never reads the data bus.2. Main memory holds whatever programs and data are available for immediate use by theCPU.3. Dynamic RAM does not have to be refreshed.4.Dot-matrix printer work by squirting tiny droplets of liquid ink at the paper.5. The auxiliary memory is very small, relatively expensive, and has very high access speed.1. Shift registers operate in serial fashion all the bits of the word at a time.2. RISC processors have larger instruction sets that often include some particularly complexinstructions.3. SIMD represents an organization that includes many processing units under the supervisionof a common control unit.4. Parallel processing is established by distributing the data among the multiple functional units.5. RISC is a complex instruction set computer.1. A number of different algorithms can exist for solving a computational problem, and each ofthese algorithms could have a same running time complexity.2. The divide-and-conquer algorithm is a bottom-up technique that usually begins by solvingthe smallest subproblems, the dynamic programming solves problems in a top-down fashion.3. An important property of arrays is that their size and shape are constant.4. If all of the elements stored in a list are of the same type, then the list is said to beheterogeneous. However, if different types of elements are stored in the list, then the list is said to be homogeneous.5. A queue is a dynamic set that obeys the LIFO property.1. The computer hardware recognizes only assembly language instruction.2. A program written in the assembly language of one microprocessor can run on a computerthat has a different microprocessor.3. Assembly languages are platform-independent, but high-level languages are notplatform-independent.4. The 4GLs are also called nonprocedural languages.5. Each assembly language instruction corresponds to one unique machine code instruction.二、完形填空Unit 1This chapter introduces digital computer, data types, the evolution of computers, and types of computers. 1 is known to all, it’s hard to find a field in 2 computers are not being used. Digital computer, also called electronic computer or computer, is a digital system that 3 various computational tasks. Digital computers use the 4 number system, which has two digits: 0 and 1.By using various coding 5 , groups of bits can be made to represent not only binary numbers 6 other discrete symbols, such as decimal digits or letters of the alphabet. A computer system consists of hardware system and software system. Programs tell the hardware what to do. 7 software is designed to accomplish real-world tasks in fields such as accounting, entertainment, and engineering. Computers are usually 8 into four broad categories: microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and supercomputers. It’s hard to give a 9 definition to each type because computer speeds and storage 10 change rapidly.1. A. As B. It C. As it D. That2. A. what B. which C. where D. when3. A. performs B. carries C. makes D. integrates4. A. decimal B. binary C. Arabian D. American5. A. technique B. technologyC. techniquesD. technologies6. A. instead of B. rather thanC. but alsoD. as well7. A. Application B. System C. Word D. Excel8. A. put B. made C. conducted D. classified9. A. precious B. progress C. proceeding D. precise10. A. capacities B. capable C. capabilities D. capacity1.A2. B3. A4. B5. C6. C7. A8. D9. D 10.AUnit 2A computer system 1 of hardware system and software system. The hardware of the computer is usually divided into three major parts or three 2 subsystems: the CPU, the memory subsystem, and the I/O 3 . The CPU is made up of three major parts, Register Set, the 4 logic unit, or ALU, and Control Unit. It performs many operations and controls computer. Memory is also known as 5 memory or main memory, which is cataloged into two major types of memory: Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM).It refers to the 6 in the computer that hold whatever programs and data are available 7 immediate use by the CPU, along with the program’s data. Computer systems include special hardware 8 between the CPU and peripherals to supervise and synchronize allinput and output transfers. These components are called 9 units because they interface between the processor bus and the peripheral device. The I/O subsystem allows the CPU to 10 with input and output devices.1. A. consists B. makes upC. constitutesD. comprise2. A. premier B. primaryC. preliminaryD. elementary3. A. system B. machine C. subsystem D. device4. A. mathematic B. authorativeC. arithmeticD. authoritative5. A.external B.exterior C. Interior D. internal6. A. circuits B. wires C. lines D. hardware7. A.by B. for C. with D. in8. A.software B. setting C. listing D. components9. A. singular B.dual C. interface D. compact10. A.handle B. interact C. respond D. link1. A2. B3. C4. C5. D6. A7. B8. D9. C 10. BUnit 3In computer engineering, computer architecture is the ___1___ design and fundamental operational structure of a computer system. It is a ___2___ and functional description of requirements, especially speeds and interconnections, and design implementations for the various parts of a computer —___3___ largely on the way by which the central processing unit (CPU) performs internally and accesses addresses in memory. Computer system architecture ___4___ the design of the four ___5___: parallel processing, pipelining, vector processing and RISC. Parallel processing system is used to provide simultaneous data-processing tasks for the purpose of increasing the ___6__ speed of a computer systemand is able to perform ___7___ data processing to achieve faster execution time. A pipeline is a set of data processing elements connected in series, so that the output of one element is the input of the next one. The elements of a pipeline are often ___8___ in parallel or in time-sliced fashion. A vector processor, is a CPU design that is able to run mathematical operations on multiple data elements simultaneously. Computers with vector processing capabilities are in demand in 9___ applications. RISC processors have fewer and __10___ instructions than CISC processors. As a result, their control units are less complex and easier to design.1. A. lastest B. conceptual C. ideal D. simple2. A. plan B. design C. blueprint D. concept3. A. relying B. depending C. attaching D. focusing4. A. refers B. speaks C. involves D. interacts5. A. ingredients B. types C. kinds D. lists6. A. computational B. computerC. computationD. computing7. A. current B. compoundC. concurrentD. massive8. A. displayed B. carriedC. accomplishedD. executed9. A. special B. specialized C. specific D. especial10. A. simple B. simplifying C. singular D. simpler1. B2. C3. D4. C5. A6. A7. C8. D9. B 10.D Unit 4Algorithms are essential to the way computers process information, because a computer program is 1 an algorithm that tells the computer what specific 2 to perform in certain order in order to carry out a speci fied task, such as calculating employees’ paychecks or printing students’ report cards. Thus, an algorithm can be considered to be 3 sequence of operations that can be performed by a turning-complete system. In fact, a data structure is a way of 4 data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently. Often a carefully 5 data structure will allow the 6 efficient algorithm to be used. The choice of the data structure often begins from the choice of an 7 data type.A well-designed data structure allows a variety of critical operations to be performed, using as few resources, both execution time and memory space, as possible. Data structures are implemented by a 8 language as data types and the references and operations they provide. Moreover, different kinds of data structures are 9 to different kinds of applications, and some are highly specialized to certain tasks. For example, B-trees are particularly well-suited for implementation of databases, 10 networks of machines rely on routing tables to function.1. A. essentially B. essential C. partially D. mainly2. A. methods B. steps C. plans D. exercises3. A. some B. a C. the D. any4. A. receiving B. storing C. input D. output5. A. chosen B. madeC. programmedD. picked6. A. very B. most C. more D. less7. A. abstract B.concrete C. special D. certain8. A. basic B. runningC. programmingD. advanced9. A. comforted B. suited C. compared D. hooked10. A. therefore B. with C. when D. while1. A2. B3. D4. B5. A6. B7. A8. C9. B 10. DUnit 5A total computer system includes both hardware system and software system. Hardware consists of the 1 components and all associated equipment. Software refers to the programs that are 2 for the computer. It is possible to be familiar with various3 of computer software without being concerned with details of how the computer hardware operates.A programming language is a language used to write computer programs, which involve a computer 4 some kind of computation or algorithm and possibly control over 5 devices such as printers, robots, and so on. Programming languages differ from 6 languages in that natural languages are only used for interaction between people, while programming languages also allow humans to communicate 7 to machines. Some programming languages are used by one device 8 control another. A prominent 9 of programming languages is to provide instructions to a computer. Thousands of different programming languages have been 10 , and new languages are created every year.1. A. mental B. possible C.essential D. physical2. A. design B. spoken C. writtenD. made3. A. parts B. kinds C.types D. aspects4. A.performed B. to performC. performingD. performs5. A.intenal B. external C. inside D. outside6. A. natural B. Human C. computer D. artificial7. A.orders B. instructions C. codes D. calls8. A. to B. for C. with D. over9. A. show B. research C. purpose D. study10. A. creatingB. created C. to create D. creation1. D2. C3. D4. C5. B6. A7. B8. A9. C 10. B三、汉译英1.coding techniques 编码技术2. application software 应用软件3. floating point data 浮点数据4.timesharing分时，分时技术5. storage capacities 存储容量1. system buses 系统总线2. virtual memory 虚拟存储器3. computer architecture 计算机体系结构4. instruction set 指令集5. direct memory access 直接存储器存取1.parallel processing 并行处理2. pipeline processing流水线处理3. vector processing 向量处理4. scalar processor标量处理器5. backward compatibility 向下兼容1. parallel algorithm并行算法2. exhaustive search穷举搜索3. dynamic programming 动态规划4. doubly-linked list 双向链表5. two-dimensional array 二维数组1. derived class派生类2. Inheritance 继承3. markup languages 标记语言4. Hyperlinks 超链接5. Java virtual machine Java虚拟机四、翻译句子1. By using various coding techniques, groups of bits can be made to represent not only binary numbers but also other discrete symbols.2. System software includes not only the complex programs used by technicians to create application software in the first place but also the organizational programs needed to start up the computer and govern its use of other programs.3. Data are numbers and other binary-code information that are operated on to achieve required computational results.4. Rather than arithmetically or logically manipulating characters, a computer may concatenate strings of characters, replace some characters with others, or otherwise manipulate character strings.5. Software applications like word processing, electronic spreadsheets, database management programs, painting and drawing programs, desktop publishing, and so forth became commercially available, giving more people reasons to use a computer.1. By asserting these internal and external control signals in the proper sequence, the control unit causes the CPU and the rest of the computer to perform the operation needed to correctly process instructions.2. In a computer with virtual memory, less-used parts of programs are shifted from RAM to a hard disk and are moved back only when needed.3. A technique used to compensate for the mismatch in operating speeds is to employ an extremely fast, small cache between the CPU and main memory whose access time is close to processor logic clock cycle time.4. The data transfer rate of peripherals is usually slower than the transfer rate of the CPU, and consequently, a synchronization mechanism may be needed.5. In some computers the interrupt vector is an address that points to a location in memory where the beginning address of the I/O service routine is stored.1. The purpose of parallel processing is to speed up the computer processing capability and increase its throughput, that is, the amount of processing that can be accomplished during a given interval of time.2. It is characteristic of pipelines that several computations can be in process in distinct segments at the same time.3. To achieve the required level of high performance it is necessary to utilize the fastest and most reliable hardware and apply innovative procedures from vector and parallel processing techniques.4. In general, the greater the number of instructions in an instruction set, the larger the propagation delay is within the CPU.5. Although CISC processors are more complex, this complexity does not necessarily increase development costs.1. In short, communication problems arise when the language used for an algorithm's representation is not precisely defined or when information is not given in adequate detail.2. Another common algorithmic structure involves that the need to continue executing a statement or sequence of statements as long as some condition remains true.3. In many algorithms, running time will vary not only for inputs of different sizes, but also for different inputs of the same size.4. Thus, dynamic programming is a bottom-up technique that usually begins by solving the smallest subproblems, saving these results, and then reusing them to solve larger and larger subproblems until the solution to the original problem is obtained.5. The conversion from this conceptual one-dimensional array organization to the actual arrangement within the machine’s memory is straight forward and the data can be stored in a seguence of 24 memory cells with consecutive address in the same order envisioned by the programma.1. Documentation is needed for everyone who will be involved with the program——users, operators, and programmers.2. Rather, programs written in a high-level language or assembly language are converted to machine language, which is then executed by the computer.3. The corresponding programs set forth precise procedures, or series of instructions, and the programmer has to follow a proper order of actions to solve a problem.4. 4GLs may not entirely replace third-generation languages because they are usually focused on specific tasks and hence offer fewer options.5. Inheritance is the means by which objects of a class can access member variables and functions contained in a previously defined class, without having to restate those defi nitions.。
2015年河南省普通专升本考试《专业英语》真题+答案
2015年河南省普通专升本考试《专业英语》真题Part I Vocabulary and Structure(1x30)Directions:There are30incomplete statements in this part.You are required to complete each one by choosing the most appropriate word or expression from the four choices marked A.B,C and D.then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.1.The patient screamed in his sleep last night.He a terrible dream.A.must have beenB.must haveC.must beD.must have had2.The headmaster really doesn’t know for the students’bad behavior.A.who is to blameB.who is blamedC.who to be blamedD.who is to be blamed3.Though widely-accepted on the Interent,"Duang"is a character which does not even exist in the Chinese dictionary.However,it like wildfire online in China since it appeared.A.spreadB.had spreadC.has spreadD.would spread4.Evidence came up specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as six months old.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.as5.The sales manager promised to keep the general manager of how the business was going on.A.to be informedrmedC.to informingrming6.It is quite imperative for a qualified teacher to have good manners and knowledge.A.extensiveB.expansiveC.expensiveD.intensive7.In no country Britain,it has been said,can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.A.more thanB.rather thanC.other thanD.better than8.-Bob has made great progress recently.-,and.A.So he has;so you haveB.So he has;so have youC.So has he;so have youD.So has he;so you have9.The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecrafts.the most recent at the end of last March.A.has been launchedB.having been launchedC.being launchedD.to be launched10.Misunderstandings from lack of social communication,unless with properly,may lead to serious problems.A.resulted;dealtB.resulted;dealingC.resulting;dealingD.resulting;dealt11.When he does something,Mr.Green feels that his children are always.A.in the wayB.under wayC.by the wayD.on the way12.Peter,help John climbed the mountain,was one of the most professional guides.A.whoB.WhoseC.thatD.with whose13.We cannot choose whether we will pay income tax or not,because payment of income tax is.pulsiveprehensivepulsoryD.impulsive14.The suggestions put forward by the workers to improve their working conditions were by the factory owner.A.turned awayB.turned downC.turned over D turned through15.Qingdao is a seashore city you can enjoy yourselves much by visiting the local scenic spots.A.whereB.whichC.whatD.that16.Since you did not follow our instructions,the problem has.A.arousedB.arisenC.raisedD.risen17.-Who is your favorite singer on the reality show I Am a Singer3?-Li Jian is.But his quiet life might have continued if Wang Fei his song,Legend,at2010’s CCTV spring Festival Gala.A.hadn’t sungB.hasn’t sungC.didn’t singD.hasn’t been singing18.My supervisor once told me a sensible saying,It is the energy and perseverance one has conquer all things.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.as19.According to recent psychological studies,many children develop fears of dangers.A.imaginationB.imaginativeC.imaginaryD.imaginable20.Hard he worked,his boss never promoted him.A.althoughB.HoweverC.sinceD.as21.Students must take performance tests at monthly in some advanced courses.A.gapsB.DistancesC.lengthsD.intervals22.If this type of fish becomes,future generations may never taste it at all.A.minimumB.ScarceC.ShortD.seldom23.The shop assistant was fired as she was of cheating customers.A.accusedB.scoldedC.chargedD.cursed24.Experts are trying hard to find out the of the man killed in the traffic accident.A.evidenceB.identityC.statusD.recognition25.The British constitution is a large extent a product of the historical events described above.A.inB.onC.toD.by26.The teacher suggested all the students should themselves to their new conditions.A.adjustB.adoptC.suitD.adapt27.This book more attention to the problem of cultural interference in second language acquisition.A.cares forB.allows forC.applies forD.calls for28.In the past ten year Jack has been teaching in the remote village.I think he respect from all of us.A.preservesB.deservesC.reservesD.conserves29.The basketball game comes to the audience from Chicago.A.liveB.livingC.livelyD.alive30.I don t think she has heard of him before,?A.don't IB.do IC.hasn't sheD.has shePartⅡReading Comprehension(2×20)Directions:There are4passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or incomplete statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage oneUndoubtedly,leading a low-carbon lifestyle is a popular trend in modem society,where a considerable number of individuals begin to undertake the responsibility to protect the environment.One of my Chinadialogue colleagues in Beijing recently bought a Philips energy-saving light bulb to replace a standard one.He was happy with his choice.It may have cost30Yuan(just under4.50dollars)-ten times the price of a filament(灯丝)bulb-but he wanted to save energy as part of hislow-carbon lifestyle.And according to the shopkeeper,he would save,in the long run,much more than the30Yuanhe was spending.Yet only one month later,his expensive light bulb blew up,before he had saved even a small part of the purchase price.Will he stick to his high-cost,low-carbon lifestyle?China's environmental organizations have started to advocate low-carbon lifestyles and the decrease of carbon footprints to help fight against climate change.But they have overlooked one fact:in China,low-carbon living comes at a high cost.It means buying energy-saving bulbs and appliances,and environmentally friendly building materials and daily goods.Cost can no longer be the only standard for purchases.An energy-saving and environmentally friendly product is more expensive than a standard alternative-whether it's a simple light bulb or the house it shines.For average consumers,even buying an ordinary house is a huge burden.How can we persuade ordinary people to choose an energy-saving residence?This is not a trend they can afford to follow;perhaps this fashion is only for the rich.Most consumers today do not cause huge carbon dioxide(CO2),emissions.Their responsibility lies not in choosing a low-carbon lifestyle today,but in avoiding a higlr-carton life in the future.The principle of"common but differentiated responsibility"-a basis of sustainable development-can be applied here as well.In China,low-carbon living is still resisted by a lack of social infrastructure.Even if your salary allows you to make that choice,nobody is there to help you accomplish it.Many so-called energy-saving buildings are even more energy-hungry than the average home.31.What may probably be the best title of this passage?.A.To Purchase a Cheap Bulb--Your Wise AlternativeB.To Choose an Energy-saving Residence-a Must of Your LifeC.To Live a Low-carbon Lifestyle-a Promising but Difficult PurposeD.To Live a low-carbon Lifestyle-Each Citizen's Responsibility32.Why did the writer’s colleague get an energy-saving light bulb?.A.He wanted to save some moneyB.He wanted to try living his low-cabon lifestyleC.He was asked to do so by some organizationsD.He wanted to use a more powerful light bulb33.The underlined phrase"blew up",in paragraph2,is closest in meaning to.A.improved a lotB.saved much energyC.got outdatedD.broke down34.We can infer from the passage that.ing energy-saving bulbs and appliances is a fashionB.not all citizens have the same responsibility-live a low–carbon lifestyleC.it's difficult for most Chinese to try to live a low-carbon lifestyleD.Chinese families cannot afford to purchase an energy-saving residence35.What is the writer's attitude towards the low-carbon lifestyle?A.supportive but cautiousB.optimistic and entertainingC.negative but wiseD.Positive and activePassage TwoAccording to certain research,highway crashes can be cut by optical illusion(错觉).Japan is a case in point.It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly75percent using B simple optical illusion.Bent stripes,called chevrons(人字形),painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are,and thus drivers slow down.Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C.is planning to repeat Japan’s success.Starting next year,the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents,according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents,the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are thegreatest-curves,exit slopes,traffic circles,and bridges.Some studies suggest that straight,horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half.However,traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.Chevrons,scientists say,not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear lo be narrower.The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.36.Drivers tend to feel that on roads painted with chevrons.A.they should avoid speed-related hazardsB.they are driving in the wrong laneC.they are approaching the speed limitD.they should slow down their speed37.The advantage of chevrons over straight,horizontal bars is that the former.A.will have a longer effect on driversB.can cut road accidents in halfC.can keep drivers awakeD.will look more attractive38.The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to.A.replace straight,horizontal bars with chevronsB.change the road signs across the countryC.try out the Japanese method in certain areasD.repeat the Japanese road patterns39.What does the author say about straight,horizontal bars painted across roads?.A.They are falling out of use in the United StatesB.They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of timeC.They are applicable only on broad roadsD.They cannot be applied suecessfully to traffic circles40.The passage mainly discusses.A.a new type of optical illusionB.a new pattern for painting highwaysC.a new approach to training driversD.a new way of highway speed controlPassage ThreeAs well as peers of my generation,I have a weakness for hero worship.At some point,however,we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them.This leads us to ask:What is a hero?Despite immense differences in cultures,heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth talking about.A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a Community who will listen.But a hero goes beyond mere fame.Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves.Like high-voltage transformers,heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation.Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm,and meaning.A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve?What are they willing to live and die for?If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame,they may he famous persons but not heroes.Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous,but who would claim that their fans find life more morally abundant?Heroes are catalysts(催化剂)for change.They have a vision from the mountaintop.They have the skill and the charm to move the masses.They create new possibilities.Without Gandhi,India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King,Jr,we might still have segregated(隔离的)buses restaurants,and parks.It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magenetic personalities,but the pace of change would be slow,the vision uncertain,and the committee meetings endless.41.Although heroes may come from different cultures,they.A.are often influenced by previous generationsB.all unknowingly attract a large number of fansC.generally possess certain inspiring characteristicsD.probably share some weaknesses of ordinary people42.According to the passage,heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that.A.they have warm feelings and emotionsB.they can serve as concrete examples of noble principlesC.they can make people feel stronger and more confidentD.they have a vision from the mountaintop43.Madonna and Michael Jackson are not regarded as heroes because.A.their primary concern is their own financial interestsB.they are not clear about the principles they should followC.they are popular only among certain groups of peopleD.their performances do not improve their fans morally44.Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who.A.can move the masses with their distinctive charm and skillB.are good at demonstrating their charming charactersC.can provide an answer to the problems of their peopleD.are capable of meeting all challenges and hardships45.The author concludes that historical changes would.A.take place if there were heroes to lead the peopleB.be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualitiesC.not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrificesD.produce leader with attractive personalitiesPassage FourAfter graduation,I was assigned to teach a writing class.Teaching was a profession I had never seriously considered,though several of my stories had been published.I accepted the job without hesitation,as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr.Davis.My father went by the same name,and I liked to imagine people getting the two of us confused."Wait a minute"someone might say,"are you talking about Mr.Davis the retired man,or Mr. Davis the respectable scholar?”The position was offered at the last minute,and I was given two weeks to prepare,a period I spent searching for briefcase and standing before my full-length mirror,repeating the words,“Hello,class,I'm Mr.Davis.Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice.Sometimes I would sound experienced.But when the day eventually came,my nerves kicked in and the true Mr.Davis was there.I sounded not like a thoughtful professor,but rather a12-year-old boy.I arrived in the classroom with paper cards designed in the shape of maple leaves.I had cut them myself out of orange construction paper.I saw nine students along a long table.I handed out the cards,and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required.“All right then,”I said.“Okay,here we go.”Then I opened my briefcase and realized that I had never thought beyond this moment.I had been thinking that the students would be the first to talk,offering their thoughts and opinions on the events of the day.I had imagined that I would sit.At the edge of the deak,overlooking a forest of hands.Every student would yell.“Calm down,you'll all get your turn.One at a time,one at a time!”A terrible silence ruled the room,and seeing no other opinions,I inspected the students to pull out their notebooks and write a brief essay related to the theme of deep disappointment.46.The author took the job to teach writing because.A.he had written some storiesB.he wanted to be respectedC.he wanted to please his fatherD.he had dreamed of being a teacher47.What can we learn about the author from Paragraph2?.A.He got nervous upon the arrival of his first classB.He was well-prepared for his first classC.He would be aggressive in his first classD.He waited long for the arrival of his first class48.Before he started his class the author asked the students to.A.write don their suggestions on the paper cardsB.cut maple leaves out of the construction paperC.write down their names on the paper cardsD.cut some cards out of the construction paper49.What did the students do when the author started his class?.A.They raised their handsB.They shouted to be heardC.They began to talkD.They stayed silent50.The author chose the composition topic probably because.A.he had prepared the topic before classB.he got frustrated with his first classC.he wanted to calm down the studentsD.he thought it was an easy topicPartⅢCloze(1×20)Directions:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.The year of2014is bound to be an unordinary year for the poet Yu Xiuhua.Before2014,Yu was only a39-year-old farmer and lived a51life in a tiny village in Hubei Province,More unfortunately,she52cerebral palsy(脑瘫)and had serious movement problems,which made her53senior high school.Having been writing poems for16years unknowably,she attained54overnight,almost suddenly.In2014,Yu and her poetry were55widely across the Chinese websites and social media,attracting the attention of people from all walks of life.Her poetry collection Staggering in Secular World has been published and well received,with15,000 copies56within the first day.Another collection Moonlight Falls on the Left Hand has been vastly promoted in Beijing and is expected to be57on February6,2015.Even film companies have come to visit Yu,hoping to58her story into a film.Many media have59her and her poems but their perspectives have been somewhat60.Some media have61her poems and called her"China’s Emily Dickinson",saying they carry real feelings and the power to move hearts,62 others seem to focus more on her physical and social63to attract readers,and describe her as“a farmer poetess with cerebral palsy.”Without the media’s,offensive,Yu Xiuhua and her works would have64unknown to ordinay reader.The reports about her65disabilities and struggle have moved and even66many people.In fact,Yu rekindles(点燃)people’s-passion for poetry.But perhaps even more67than her poetry itself is the rural woman's68that fame is never something she hoped for.Such sudden and widespread personal-life69to the public has made Yu feel uneasy and even a little bit overwhelmed.All she hopes to do is stay at her home to create poems 70just as she used to.51.A.easy B.hard C.happy D.rich52.A.burst into B.suffered from C.objected to D.confessed to53.A.drop out of B.get rid of C.give rise to D.get down to54.A.respect B.chance C.achievements D.fame55.A.discovered B.exploded C.covered D.mastered56.A.sold B.consumed C.limited D.made57.A.applied B.evaluated C.littered D.published58.A.turn B.translate C.adapt D.offer59.A.convinced B.reported rmed D.intended60.A.different B.obvious C.optimistic D.pessimistic61.A.concluded B.criticized C.praised D.observed62.A.while B.when C.although D.since63.A.cases B.conditions C.qualities D.concepts64.A.remained B.proved C.appeared D.seemed65.A.spiritual B.physical C.rigid D.movable66.A.overcame B.sympathized C.inspired D.adored67.A.confident B.flexible C.classic D.impressive68.A.intention B.courage C.attitude D.hobby69.A.separation B.exposure C.persistence D.opposition70.A.peacefully B.gracefully C.hopefully D.passionatelyPart IV Error Correction(2×10)Directions:There are10sentences.Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D.You are required to identify the one that is incorrect,and then write the corresponding letter and the correct answer on the ANSWER SHEET.71.He was the very(A)person that(B)the author referred as(C)in his newly-published(D)book.72.Why don't(A)give him some(B)advice?He is sure(C)to need(D)your help.73.The number of the workers in(A)our factory are(B)greater that(C)in theirs(D).74.John should have(A)given up smoking a long time ago(B).After all(C),health is of the utmost important(D)to everybody.75.The goal at which(A)he had fought(B)all his life no longer(C)seemed important to(D)him.76.Since the train had already gone(A),they had nothing to do(B)but to(C)wait(D)in the hall.77.They are going to(A)have(B)the serviceman installed(C)an electric(D)fan in the office tomorrow.78.It(A)was very considerate(B)for(C)you to send me the information so promptly(D).79.The more frequent(A)a child expresses his interest(B)in(C)an activity,the stronger(D)it will become.80.The Internet,like a personal(A)assistant,making(B)you aware of(C)opportunities that(D)may elevate your career.Part V Translation(20points)Directions:Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(5×2)81.Sometimes it is interpersonal skills rather than professional skills that really count in your career.Interpersonal skills are nothing but the ability to be a good listener,to be sensitive toward others'needs,and to take criticism in a modestway.82.Our usual walk was to or from the subway on which he traveled to work.He went to work sick,and despite nasty weather.He would make it to the office even if others could not.It was a matter of pride.Directions:Translate following sentences into English and write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(2x5)83.与其说他饿，不如说他累。
重庆理工大学2015年 本科汽车专业英语试卷A
2014～2015 学年第 1 学期
班级
学号
姓名
考试科目
汽车专业英语
A卷
闭卷
共 4 页
· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 密· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·封· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·线· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 学生答题不得超过此线
2. A sedan has an enclosed body with a maximum of 4 doors to allow access to the passenger compartment. The design also allows for storage of luggage or other goods. A sedan can also be referred to as a saloon and traditionally has a fixed roof. There are soft-top versions of the same body design except for having 2 doors, and these are commonly referred to as convertibles.
-1-
重庆理工大学考试试卷
2014～2015 学年第 1 学期
班级
学号
姓名
考试科目
山东理工大学化工学院专业英语考试题库-2015-英语段落翻译
The development of science has been irregular and sometimes even illlogical......科学的发展已经变的不规则，有些时候甚至是不合逻辑的。
伟大的发现往往是许多工作者贡献和经验积累的结果，尽管通常把形成一个理论或定理仅仅归功于个人。
当然，在科学发现中有幸运元素的存在，但是，常言道“机会总是留给有准备的人”。
意识到偶然发现的重要性并且能充分利用的往往是一个留心并且经过专业训练的。
通常，大众仅仅学习重大的科学突破，然而，每一个成功的故事，科学家花数年时间研究项目，最后直到以失败告终，这样的例子有数百个。
积极的成就背后仅仅是许多错误的发生并且以不可预料的慢速度进行。
但死胡同有利于不断增长人们关于物理领域的知识。
科学家呆在实验室是他们对于研究的热爱。
Organic molecules are classified according to the functional groups they contains.......有机分子是根据它们所包含的官能团分类的，官能团是以单元形式发挥作用的原子结合。
大部分官能团是由它们所包含的杂原子来区别的。
碳原子可以以许多方式与另外的碳原子，氢原子成键，形成了令人难以置信的大量的烃。
但是碳原子也可以和其他元素的原子成键，进一步增加了可能的有机分子的数量。
在有机化学中，一个有机分子里面除了碳和氢，任何原子都称为杂原子，杂原子意味着不同于碳也不同于氢。
在确定每一分类的性能时，杂原子扮演的角色是潜在的主题。
当研究这些物质时，要注意各类化合物不同的化学和物理性质，这样才能更好的理解有机化合物间的显著差异和它们的不同应用。
Although chemistry is an ancient science.......虽然化学是一门古老的科学，但它的现代基础建立于19世纪，当时科学和技术的进步使科学家们对物质的认识进入更微观的世界，从而能更深入的揭示物质的物理和化学性质。
汽车专业英语复习题及答案
汽车专业英语复习题名词翻译：1、活塞环 piston ring2、电控系统electronic control system3、里程表speedometer4、发动机排量engine capacity5、自动变速器automatic transmission6、机油表oil gauge7、方向盘steering wheel8、做功冲程power stroke9、exhaust gas废气10. electric current电流11. high gear高速档12. automobile dealing汽车贸易13. sports car 跑车14. instrument panel仪表板15. accelerator pedal加速踏板16. physical property 物理性能17、电子燃油计量系统electronic fuel metering system18、减速slow down19、刹车蹄brake shoe20、General Motor 通用21、wheel drum 车轮毂22、TDC 上止点23、BDC 下止点翻译（中译英）：上海汽车工业总公司已与德国大众和美国通用两大汽车公司建立了合资公司。
The Shanghai Auto Industry Corportion has established joint ventures with German V olkswagen and American General Motors.四冲程发动机—曲柄旋转两圈做功一次。
Four stroke —a power stroke every other revolution of the crank.液体冷却系由水泵、水套、发动机风扇、散热器等组成。
The liquid cooling system consists of water pumps，water jackets，engine fan ，radiator and so on.在仪表板上，我们能看见几个显示发动机运转情况的仪表。
英语专业八级翻译历年真题(1995-2015年)
英语专业八级翻译历年真题1995年试题简 奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。
因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。
但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。
有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。
这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。
史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。
也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。
1996年试题近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬的议论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。
在巴黎，名目繁多的酒会，冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。
在这种场合陌生人相识，如果是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺少的礼节。
然而，法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒暄几句，甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开，只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏出名片。
二话不说先递名片反倒显得有些勉强。
1997年试题来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。
我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。
但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。
因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。
他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。
”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。
1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。
物理专业英语复习题库
物理专业英语复习题库专业应试题库一，专业词汇翻译A spherical system of coordinates 球坐标系Absolute scale绝对温标Absolute temperature 绝对温度Absolute zero 绝对零度Acute angle锐角Adiabatic process绝热过程Adjacent邻近的Amount of heat 热量Amplitude振幅Analytical expression解析式Angular momentum角动量Angular velocity角速度Annihilate湮灭Appreciable相当多的Approximate solution近似解Arbitrarily任意的变换莫测的Assume that 假设At constant pressure定压At rest静止的，Axial symmetry轴对称Axis of rotation转轴Be independent of 独立的，Be proportional to 与……成正比Bend使弯曲的Capacitor电容器Center of mass质心Centripetal force向心力Cgs厘米-克-秒制（Centimeter-Gram-Second）Change in jumps 突变Chaotic无序的Charge by conduct 接触起电Charge by induction 感应起电Circulation motion圆周运动Classical mechanics经典力学Coefficient系数Coherent相干性Combustion engine内燃机Comparison 参照物Compensate 补偿，抵消Conductor导体Consecutive 连贯的Consequently结果，因此Conservation守恒Considerable 相当大的Constant常量Constructive interference 干涉相长Coordinate system坐标系Coulomb’s law库仑定律Counter-phase反相Cross-sectional 横截面Curl旋度Curvilinear motion曲线运动Cyclic process循环过程Decrement衰减率Denominator分母Density密度Derivative导数Destructive interference干涉相消Developing显影Deviation from脱离逸出Diatomic双原子的Difference差异Diffraction衍射Dimension 维Discrete value离散值Displacement位移Distance 距离Distribution function分布函数Divergence 散度Dynamics动力学Elastic collision弹性碰撞Electric dipole电偶极子Electric field 电场Electric potential 电势Electric potential energy电势能Electrically polarized电极化Electrodynamics电动力学Electromagnetic电磁学Electron电子Electrostatic静电Elementary mass元质量，质量元Embodiment体现具体化Emulsion感光剂Energy能量Energy level 能级Entropy 熵Equilibrium平衡Equipartition principle均分定理Ether以太Exposure曝光External force外力Factor因素First law of thermodynamics热力学第一定律Focal plane焦平面Fraunhofer diffraction夫琅和费衍射Free fall自由落体Friction摩擦力Gamma photon伽马射线General theory relativity广义相对论Geometrical几何的Gradient梯度Gravity重力，地心引力Grow proportionally to 正比增长Harmonic function调和函数Harmonic oscillator谐振子Heat 热Heat capacity 热容Heat engine热机Heat transfer热传递Hence因此Histogram直方图Hologram 全息图Holography 全系照相Homogeneous（反应堆）燃烧和减速剂均匀调和的Huygens’ Principle惠更斯原理Hypothetical medium 假设介质Ideal gass理想气体Identical 同一的，完全相同的Illuminate说明Impart 给予Impulse冲量Inalienable不可分割的Incident light入射光Inclination倾角Incoherene非相干的Increase增加Increment增量Inertia惯性Inertial reference frame惯性参考系Infrared radiation 红外辐射Initial moment 初始时刻Instantaneous瞬间的Insulator 绝缘体Integral 积分Interference 干涉Internal energy 内能Internal force内力Intra-molecular energy 分子内能Isotropic 各向同性的Kinematics运动学Law of cosine square余弦定理Length contraction长度收缩Macroscopic宏观的Mass质量Mass-energy conversion质能转换Mean distance 平均距离Mechanical equivalent of heat热功当量Mechanics力学Medium 介质Microscopic 微观的Molar heat gas capacity 气体摩尔热容Mole 摩尔Molecular physics分子物理学Momentum动量Monatomic单原子Monochromatic light单色光Motion运动Multiply乘以Neutron中子Newton’s first law牛顿第一定律Non-equilibrium state非平衡态Normal acceleration法向加速度Normal to 垂直于Nuclei原子核Nucleon 核子Numerator 分子Object beam 物体光束Obtuse angle钝角Operator算符Overlap 重叠Polarization两极分化极化Parallel axis theorem平行轴定理Parallel beams平行光束Parallel rays平行光Parallelogram method平行四边形法则Parameter of state状态参数Perfectly rigid body刚体Perpendicular垂直的Phase difference相位差Phenomena现象Piston活塞Point charge点电荷Point particle质点Power功率Preference优先权Principle of relativity相对性原理Probability可能性Probability distribution function概率分布函数Projection 投影Propagate传播Proton质子Pseudoscopic幻视镜的Quantitative conclusion定量结论Quasi-static 准静态的Radian弧度Radius半径Rarefaction稀薄的Real image实像Rectilinear motion 直线运动Redistribution重新分配Reference frame参考系Reference wave参考波Relative atomic mass of an element相对原子质量Relative molecular mass of substance相对分子质量Relaxation process弛豫过程Relaxation time 弛豫时间Reversible (process)可逆过程Rotational inertia转动惯量Scalar标量Scalar field标量场Semiconductor半导体Semitransparent 半透明的Solid angle立体角Spatial coherence 空间相干性Special theory of relativity狭义相对论Specific heat capacity 比热容Speed 速度速率Stationary 固定的Subscript下标Superpose 重叠的Superposition叠加Symmetry对称的Temperature温度Temporal coherence 时间相干性Terminal velocity末速度Test charge检验电荷The difference on optical path 光程差The equation of state of an ideal gass理想气体物态方程The magnitude of a vector向量的大小The number of degree of freedom自由度数量The reciprocal of 倒数The refractive index折射率The right-hand screw rule右手螺旋定则The second derivative of 二阶导数The square of distance距离的平方The tangential acceleration切向加速度Thermodynamic temperature scale热力学温标Three dimensional三维的Time averaged value时间均值Time dilation时间膨胀Timepiece计时器Torque力矩Torsion balance扭秤Translation motion平动Triatomic三原子的Tuning fork音叉Twin paradox孪生佯谬Ultraviolet light紫外线Undeformable body不可形变体，刚体Uniform circular motion匀速圆周运动Unit time单位时间Vector field 矢量场Vectors矢量Velocity 速度,矢量Virtual image虚像Wave length 波长Wave number波数Weight重量)二、段落翻译翻译('541、For a stationary field, the work done on a particle by the forces of the field may depend on the initial and final position of the particle and not depend on the path along which the particle moved. Forces having such a property are called conservative.对于固定的场,力作用在质点上的公取决于初始位置和末位置,而与路径无关,具有这个性质的力叫保守力.2、 A combination of bodies that are stationary relative to one another with respect to which motion is being considered an a timepiece indicating the time forms a reference frame.由运动上相对静止的物体所组成的复合体，外加显示（记录）时间的仪器，一起构成了参考系统。
2015年英语专业四级真题vocabulary答案及解析[1]
![2015年英语专业四级真题vocabulary答案及解析[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/5b5714c86bec0975f465e276.png)
• B. Civilized
• C. Civilian
• D. Civic • 解析：civil 公民的civil rights 民间的，民用的； • civilized 文明的，有礼貌的； • civilian平民的civilian causalities 平民伤亡； • civic 市政的 civic leaders 市政领导 • “civic”is used to describe people that have an
• A. improved
• B. made up for
• C. balanced
• D. compensated for • 解析：offset抵消，弥补
2015年英语专业四级真题 vocabulary答案及解析
• 73. The doctor said that the gash in the cheek required ten stitches. The underlined part means __D___.
• A. cheerfully
• B. wholeheartedly
• C. politely
• D. quietly • 解析：with good grace=willingly 欣然地；
cheerfully = pleasantly willingly
• 70. __D___ and business leaders were delighted at the decision to hold the national motor fair in the city.
• A. calm • B. relieve • C. comfort • D. still • 解析：ease 减轻，减缓；relieve 减轻，缓解
体育专业2015-2016高三年级英语练习综合卷(三)
2015-2016高三年级英语练习综合卷〔三〕2015 12〔总分值150分，时间90分钟〕名字一单项选择〔共15小题，15分〕从各题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确答案。
1. People can find almost whatever the need at the new shopping mall, ______ is always busy at weekends.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. as2.----What do you think of the ties ?---- Perfect. But I don't know which is better, so I'll take ______ of them.A. eitherB. bothC. neitherD. none3. ----Can David take charge of the international department?----I'm afraid it's _______ his ability.A. beyondB. overC. withD. under4. Of all the plays starred by her, I like this one ______. It's not worth watching at all.A. moreB. lessC. leastD. worse5. ----How about _______ Christmas evening party?-----I should say it was _______ success.A. a; aB. the; aC. the ; 不填D. a ; 不填6. ----Do you like the scarf?-----Yes, it ______ very soft.A. looksB. soundsC. smellsD. feels7. ----Listen! Someone is knocking at the door. Is it Emily?----It ______ be Emily. She has gone to Guangzhou.A. shouldB. wouldC..mustD. can't8 The power was lost suddenly while she _____ for information on the Internet.A. searchesB. searchedC. is searchingD. was searching9. For each Olympic, a special village _______ for athletes from different countries to live in.A. is being builtB. is builtC. is buildingD. builds10. Last night, John and the other lifesavers attended a special reception ________ by the Prime Minister.A. hostedB. to hostC. hostingD. being hosted11. Hurry up! Look, there _______ Kobe Bryant and Yao Ming.A. comesB. comeC. is comingD. are coming12. I think John will make a good monitor, _______ I'd like to vote for him.A. orB. butC. forD. so13.I wrote a letter to the car rental agency, explaining ______ had happened.A. whyB. whatC. thatD. how14. Some musicians play their own music to passers-by in the street _______ they can earn some extra money.A. so thatB. in caseC. even ifD. as though15. We have tried to create a working environment _________ everyone can develop their skills.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. why16 If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ____________ great it is.A. whatB. howC. howeverD. whatever17 You can pay now or __________ you come back to pick up the bike.A.whenB. thenC. whileD. since18. ______is known to us all that the old scientist，for ______life was hard in the past，still works hard in his eighties.A. It;whomB.As;whomC.As;whoseD.What;whom19. They stood at the window, _____ they could see _____ was happening in the street.A. where; allB. from where; whatC. which; allD. from which; that20. Did you have trouble ____ the post office?A. to have foundB. with findingC. to findD. in finding二、完形填空〔共15小题15分〕32阅读下面短文，从各题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确答案。
专业英语复习题
科技英语考试范围及其复习资料句子翻译有什么错误可以给我发消息，阅读理解做好了的，答案发给我哈。
复习题：Translation.（翻译）★sentence:(句子翻译考试20个从中选六个)1.Data is a collection of un-oragnized facts which can include woeds numbers images and sounds. 数据收集的是无组织的事实，它可以包括文字，数字，图像和声音的。
2.A computer cinsists of a variety of hardware components that work together with softw are to （没来得及抄完呀，谁抄好了这条给我发扣扣）3.There hardware components include input devices,output devices a system unit storage and communication devices.有硬件部件包括输入设备，输出设备系统单元的存储和通信设备4.An input device allows a user to enter and commands into the memory of a computer.一种输入设备允许用户输入和命令向计算机存储。
5.Storage differs from memory,which can hold these items permanently whereas memory holds these memory holds items only temporanrily.外存和内存不一样，它可以支持永久存储，然而内存只暂时存储数据。
6.A hard disk provides mush grester storage capacity than a floppy disk.硬盘能提供比软盘更大的存储容量。
13汽修专业英语
天津石油职业技术学院2014 －2015 学年第二学期考试卷课程名称：汽车专业英语试卷类型： A 考试方式：闭卷教学系：机械工程系适用班级：13汽1-2题号一二三四总分分数评卷人一、请按顺序填写下列构造图中部件的英语名称。
（每空一分，共25分）Fig. 1-1 Fig. 1-2Fig.1-11 2 3 45 6 7 89 10Fig1-21 2 34 5 67 8 9承诺：我将严格遵守考场纪律，并知道考试违纪、作弊的严重性，承担由此引起的一切后果。
专业班级学号学生姓名：10 11 1213 14 15二、请英语回答下列问题（每问3分，共30分）1.What are the four strokes of an internal combustion engine?2.What is the function of flywheel?3.What are the two main types of control for multi-port systems?4.What are the two tasks of the ignition system to perform?5.Why does the cooling system contain antifreeze?6.What are the two main components that make up an alternator?7.What does he basic planetary gearset consist of?8.What are the functions of a steering system?9.How will you do if calipers show signs of leaking brake fluid?10.Why cannot power window be forced open?三、请将下列英语句子翻译成汉语。
口腔专业英语复习题
口腔专业英语考试一英汉互译（20分）1牙槽骨2 local anesthesia3 caries4 根尖感染5 gingivitis6 pericoronitis7 髓角8颞颌关节9 leukoplakia10骨结合11 fibroosseous integration12 根管治疗13菌斑14 drug-induced gingivitis15咬合16 osteomyelitis of the jaws17 ameloblastoma18 palpation19汞合金20可复性牙髓炎二阅读理解（40分）A Gay BiologistMolecular biologist Dean Hammer has blue eyes, light brown hair and a good sense of humor. He smokes cigarettes, spends long hours in an old laboratory at the US National Institute of Health, and in his free time climbs up cliffs and points his skis down steep slopes. He also happens to be openly, matter-of-factly gay.What is it that makes Hammer who he is? What, for that matter, accounts for the talents and traits that make up anyone's personality? Hammer is not content merely to ask such questions; he is trying to answer them as well. A pioneer in the field of molecular psychology, Hammer is exploring the role genes play in governing the very core of our individuality. To a remarkable extent, his work on what might be called the gay, thrill-seeking and quit-smoking genes reflects how own genetic predispositions.That work, which has appeared mostly in scientific journals, has been gathered into an accessible and quite readable form in Hammer's creative new book, living with Our Genes. "You have about as much choice in some aspect of your personality." Hammer and co-author Peter Copeland write in the introductory chapter, "As you do in the shape of your nose or the size of your feet."Until recently, research into behavioral genetics was dominated by psychiatrists and psychologists, who based their most compelling conclusions about the importance of genes onstudies of identical twins. For example, psychologist Michael Bailey of Northwestern University famously demonstrated that if one identical twin is gay, there is about a 50% likelihood that the other will be too. Seven years ago, Hammer picked up where the twin studies left off, homing in on specific strips of DNA that appear to influence everything from mood to sexual orientation..Hammer switched to behavioral genetics from basic research, after receiving his doctorate from Harvard, he spent more than a decade studying the biochemistry of a protein that cells use to metabolize heavy metals like copper and zinc. As he was about to turn 40, however, Hammer suddenly realized he had learned as much about the protein as he cared to."Frankly, I was bored, "he remembers, "and ready for something new."Homosexual behavior, in particular, seemed ripe for exploration because few scientists had dared tackle such an emotionally and politically charged subject. "I'm gay," Hammer says with a shrug, "but that was not a major motivation. It was more of a question of intellectual curiosity-and the fact that no one else was doing this sort of research"1. The first paragraph describes Hammer's ( )A. looks, hobbies and characterB. viewpoint on homosexualityC. unique life-styleD. scientific research work2. Hammer was a ( )A. psychiatristB. physiologistC. chemistD. biologist3. What is Hammer doing now? ( )A. He is exploring the role of genes in deciding one's intelligence.B. He is exploring the role of genes in deciding one's personality.C. He is writing a book entitled "Live with Our Genes."D. He is trying to answer some questions on a test paper.4. What happened to Hammer's research interest? ( )A. He turned to basic research.B. He sticked to basic research.C. He turned to behavioral genetics.D. He sticked to behavioral genetics.5. According to Hammer, what was one of the main reasons for him to choose homosexual behavior as his research subject? ( )A. He is a gay and he wants to cure himself.B. He was curious about it as a scientist.C. He was curious about it like everyone else.D. It is a subject that can lead to political success.Silent and DeadlyTransient ischemic attacks（TIAS）, or mini-strokes, result from temporary interruptions of blood flow to the brain. Unlike full strokes, they present symptoms lasting anywhere from a fewseconds to 24 hours. Rarely do they cause permanent neurological damage, but they are often precursors of a major stroke."Our message is quite clear," says Dr. Robert Adams, professor of neurology at the Medical College of Georgia in August. "TIAS，while less severe than strokes in the short term, are quite dangerous and need a quick diagnosis and treatment as well as appropriate follow-up to prevent future injury."Unfortunately, mini-strokes are greatly under diagnosed. A study conducted for the National Stroke Association indicates that 2.5% of all adults aged 18 or older（about 4.9 million people in the U. S. ）have experienced a confirmed TI A. An additional 1.2 million Americans over the age of 45, the study showed, have most likely suffered a mini-stroke without realizing it. These findings suggest that if the public knew how to spot the symptoms of stroke, especially mini-strokes, and sought prompt medical treatment, thousands of lives could be saved and major disability could be avoided.The problem is that the symptoms of a mini-stroke are often subtle and passing. Nonetheless, there are signs you can look out for:*Numbness or weakness in the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body.*Trouble seeing in one or both eyes.*Confusion and difficulty speaking or understanding.*Difficulty walking, dizziness or loss of coordination.*Severe headache with no known cause.Along with these symptoms, researchers have identified some key indicators that increase your chances of having a full-blown stroke after a TIA: if you're over 60, have experienced symptoms lasting longer than 10 minutes, feel weak and have a history of diabetes.As with many diseases, you can help yourself by changing your lifestyle. The first things you should do are quit smoking, limit your intake of alcohol to no more than a drink or two a day and increase your physical activity. Even those who suffer from high blood pressure or diabetes can improve their odds-and minimize complications if they do have a stroke-by keeping their illness under control.If you experience any of the symptoms, your first call should be to your doctor. It could be the call that saves your life.6. Which of the following is NOT true of mini-strokes? ( )A. The cause of them remains unidentified.B. They seldom cause permanent neurological damage.C. They symptoms of them are often passing.D. They are not unrelated to major strokes.7. To prevent mini-strokes from turning into major strokes, it is important to ( )A. saves thousands of lives.B. avoids major disability.C. seeks prompt medical treatment.D. prevents future injury.8. The passage indicates that the symptoms of mini-strokes ( )A. are always easy to spot.B. are frequently hard to recognize.C. usually last a couple of days.D. can by no means be avoided.9. All of the following may be signs of mini-strokes EXCEPT for ( )A. trouble seeing in one eyeB. numbness in the faceC. loss of coordinationD. severe headache caused by external injury.10. It can be inferred from the passage that mini-strokes are ( )A. more dangerous than major strokesB. silent and deadlyC. difficult to cureD. sure to lead to major strokesA New FindingBritish cancer researchers have found that childhood leukaemia is caused by an infection and clusters of cases around industrial sites are the result of population mixing that increases exposure. The research published in the British Journal of Cancer backs up a 1988 theory that some as yet unidentified infection caused leukaemia-not the environmental factors widely blamed for the disease."Childhood leukaemia appears to be an unusual result of a common infection," said Sir Richard Doll, an internationally-known cancer expert who first linked tobacco with lung cancer in 1950. "A virus is the most likely explanation. You would get an increased risk of it if you suddenly put a lot of people from large towns in a rural area, where you might have peopie who had not been exposed to the infection." Doll was commenting on the new findings by researchers at Newcastle University, which focused on a cluster of leukaemia cases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in Cumbria in northern England. Scientists have been trying to establish why there was more leukaemia in children around the Sellafield area, but have failed to establish a link with radiation or pollution. The Newcastle University research by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker showed the cluster of cases could have been predicted because of the amount of population mixing going on in the area, as large numbers of con- struction workers and nuclear staff moved into a rural setting. "Our study shows that population mixing can account for the, (Sellafield) leukaemia cluster and that all children, whether their parents are incomers or locals, are at a higher risk if they are born in an area of high population mixing," Dickinson said in a statement issued by the Cancer Research Campaign, which publishes the British Journal of Cancer.Their paper adds crucial weight to the l988 theory put forward by Leo Kinlen, a cancer epidemiologist at Oxford University, who said that exposure to a common unidentified infection through population mixing resulted in the disease.11 Who first hinted at the possible cause of childhood leukaemia by infection? ( )A Leo Kinlen.B Richard Doll.C Louise Parker.D Heather Dickinson12 which statement can be supported by Heather Dickinson and Louise Parker's new findings? ( )A Radiation has contributed to the disease.B Putting a lot of people from rural area in a large towns increases the risk of childhoodleukaemiaC Population mixing is the most important reason for leukaemia clusterD Childhood leukaemia is caused by an unusual infection.13 According to the passage, which of the following is true? ( )A Most people believe childhood leukaemia is due to environmental factors.B Population mixing best explains the cause of childhood leukaemia.C Radiation has nothing to do with childhood leukaemia.D Children born in a large town are at higher risk of leukaemia.14 Cancer Research Campaign is most possibly a ( )A medical journalB research instituteC private companyD governmental agency15 This passage is mainly about ( )A the cluster of leukaemia eases around the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing partB the kind of infection that causes childhood leukaemiaC the causes of childhood leukaemiaD a new finding by British scientistsMobile Phone and DiseasesA study by scientists in Finland has found that mobile phone radiation can cause changes in human cells that might affect the brain, the leader of the research team said.But Darius Leszczynski, who headed the 2-year study and will present findings next week at a conference in Quebec(魁北克), said more research was needed to determine the serious-ness of the changes and their impact on the brain or the body.The study at Finland's Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority found that exposure to radiation from mobile phones can cause increased activity in hundreds of proteins in human cells grown in a laboratory, he said."We know that there is some biological response. We can detect it with our very sensitive approaches, but we do not know whether it can have any physiological effects on the human brain or human body," Leszczynski said.Nonetheless the study, the initial findings of which were published last month in the scientific journal Differentiation, raises new questions about whether mobile phone radiation can weaken the brain's protective shield against harmful substances.The study focused on changes in cells that line blood vessels and on whether such changes could weaken the functioning of the blood-brain barrier, which prevents potentially harmful substances from entering the brain from the bloodstream. Leszczynski said.The study found that a protein called hsp27 linked to the functioning of the blood-brain barrier showed increased activity due to irradiation and pointed to a possibility that such activity could make the shield more permeable(能透过的), he said."Increased protein activity might cause ceils to shrink-not the blood |vessels hut the cells themselves-and then tiny gaps could appear between those cells through which some molecules could pass." he said.Leszezynski declined to speculate on what kind of health risks that could pose, but said a French study indicated that headache, fatigue and sleep disorders could result."These are not life-threatening problems but can cause a lot of discomfort," he said, adding that a Swedish group had also suggested a possible link with Alzheimer's disease."Where the truth is do not know," he said.Leszczynski said that he, his wife and children use mobile phones, and he said that he did not think his study suggested any need for new restrictions on mobile phone use.16 According to Leszczynski, how does mobile phone affect one's health? ( )A Mobile phone radiation can increase protein activities and such activities can make theprotective shield more permeable.B Mobile phone radiation can shrink the blood vessels and prevent blood from flowingsmoothly.C Mobile phone radiation will bring stress to people exposed to it.D Mobile phone radiation kills blood cells at a rapid speed.17 What's the result of the French study? ( )A The harm of mobile phone radiation is life-threatening.B Mobile phone may affect one's normal way of thinking.C Sleep disorders could result from mobile phone radiation.D A protein called hsp27 is killed by mobile phone radiation.18 What kind of disease is not caused by the use of mobile phone? ( )A FatigueB HeadacheC Alzheimer's diseaseD Tuberculosis19 According to the passage, what would be the future of the use of mobile phone? ( )A People will be forbidden to use mobile phone.B People dare not use mobile phone because of its radiation.C People will continue to use mobile phone.D There will be new restrictions on the use of mobile phone.20 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? ( )A The research in Finland found that mobile phone radiation will affect one's brain.B Mobile phone radiation can cause increased activity in hundreds of protein in human cells.C Increased protein activity might cause cells to shrink.D Leszczynski forbid his wife and children to use mobile phone after、his research.三翻译（20分）1 Gingival retraction is a way to detach free gingival from tooth surface and reveal the subgingival area as a result. While it has been wildly used in many oral therapies to make them more convenient and safer, it may damage our body in some ways.2 龈乳头的缺失形成的“黑三角”常带来美学效果的缺憾。
计算机专业英语复习题含答案详细解释
计算机专业英语复习题注：本答案解释及翻译属本人分析，如有错误，敬请谅解！I.Choose the best answerI．选择最佳答案。
1.When you run your computer, A will be first started.A.Operation systemB. system softwareC. office softwareD. driven software译：当你运行你的电脑时，XX是首先被启动。
A是操作系统，B是系统软件，C是办公软件，D是驱动软件（指第三方驱动软件）；因为操作系统包括开机自检的驱动软件，而不是第三方驱动。
所以选A2. Post is the short form for AA. power on self-testB. post office system testC. power on system-testD. personal operating system text 译：post是____的缩写。
The short from for某某的缩写形式。
A是开机自检B是办公系统测试C 是开机系统自检D是个人操作系统文本。
约定俗成的简写形式是A。
3. One of the benefits of video conferencing is low costs.A. specially equipped conference roomsB. saving travel timeC. low costsD.linking of local sites译：视频协商（视频会议）的好处之一是_____。
Benefit 好处，益处conference协商，讨论，商谈A是特别的协商会议室B是减少旅游时间C是低花费D是连接本地地址4. The menu bar of word 2003 has C menus orders.A. sevenB. eightC. nineD. ten Word 2003的菜单栏中有9个菜单命令。
2015 年英语专业四级阅读理解passage 3(翻译)
2015年专业四级英语真题（翻译）Passage 3（翻译）The war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories - but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do. But some states - Kentucky, South Dakota and Alabama to name just a few - seem to have missed the message that smoking is deadly.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan. 11, 1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool. Today, many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. But the surest way to prevent smoking, particularly among price-sensitive teens, is to raise taxes. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smokingafter turning 19.The real-life evidence of taxing power is powerful. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack -- three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor. True, but so do the deadly effects of smoking, far worse than a tax. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.禁烟斗争已经持续了50年，而且还在持续，它是美国最伟大的公共卫生成功案例之一——但并非对每个人都是如此。
2015年专业英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2015年专业英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. DICTATION 2. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 3. CLOZE 4. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY 5. READING COMPREHENSION 6. WRITINGPART I DICTATION (15 MIN)Directions: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minute 1．正确答案：Male and Female Roles in Marriage In the traditional marriage, the man worked to earn money for the family. / The woman stayed at home to care for the children and her husband. / In recent years, many couples continue to have a traditional relationship of this kind. / Some people are happy with it, but others think differently. There are two major differences in male and female roles now. / One is that both men and women have many more choices. / They may choose to marry or stay single. / They may choose to work or to stay at home. / A second difference is that within marriage many decisions are shared. / If a couple has children, the man may take care of them / some of the time, all of the time or not at all. / The woman may want to stay at home / or she may want to go to work. / Men and women now decide these things together in a marriage.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 MIN)Directions: In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your answer sheet.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSDirections: In this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.听力原文：M: Hello, Jennifer.W: Hello, Callum.M: Do you like to travel?W: Oh, yes. I love going to new and interesting places.M: What do you think of the idea of a one-way trip to Mars?W: You do mean the planet Mars?M: Well, this is what is being planned at the moment by a company in the Netherlands. They are planning to send people to Mars and the people who go would never be able to come back to Earth.W: Sounds like quite a trip!M: What is interesting about it is that this would be a one-way trip. W: Why is this a one-way trip? M:(1)It’s about technology. Although we do havethe knowledge and technology to get people to Mars, we can’t get them back. W: That’s a big commitment, isn’t it? But I imagine some people will jump at the opportunity. But what kind of person are they going to recruit for this “trip of a lifetime” ? M: They want smart people, which means clever, intelligent people. These people need to be healthy both physically and mentally. They also need people with very specific skills. W: I would think so.M:(2-1)And there is something more important. W: What’s that?M:(2-2)Character. You need to have die right personality. W: What other characteristics are they looking for? M:(2-3)They want people who can still work well when things are bad, people who are calm in a crisis.(3-1)So from what you’ve heard, does it sound like a job for you? W:(3-2)Absolutely not. I don’t mind travelling but I think it’s a bit far for me. And what about you? M:(3-3)No, it’s not for me, I have to say. I’m not made of the right stuff.2．Why is the trip to Mars a one-way trip?A．The return trip is too expensive.B．There is no technology to get people back.C．People don’t want to return.D．The return trip is too risky.正确答案：B解析：细节题。
专业英语四级(语法与词汇)历年真题试卷汇编30(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语四级（语法与词汇）历年真题试卷汇编30(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEPART III LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence.1．Mary is____hardworking than her sister, but she failed in the exam. (2015-52)A．no lessB．no moreC．not lessD．no so正确答案：A解析：考核形容词的比较结构。
no less…than意为“与……程度上一样”，在该句中表示“用功程度相同”，故本题答案为A。
2．She was once a young country wife with chickens in the backyard and a view of _____mountains behind the apple orchard. (2018-14)A．blue hazy VirginiaB．hazy blue VirginiaC．Virginia hazy blueD．Virginia blue hazy正确答案：B解析：形容词排序。
当名词中心词之前出现几个属于不同层次的形容词做修饰语时，词序排列遵循下列规则：限定词(前位→中位→后位)→表示说话人评价的形容词→表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词→表示颜色的形容词→表示国别、来源、材料的形容词→表示用途或者目的的形容词或者分词、名词等→名词中心词。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
专业英语练习题二、三、将下面的句子翻译成中文。
1Worse, because our resistors are of unequal value the power distribution will be unequal with the greater dissipation in the largest resistor.2Metals have very low resistance. A low resistance allows a large amount of current to flow.3Two metallic plates separated by a non-conducting material between them make a simple capacitor.4All number systems have the same three characteristics: digits, base, weight.5Aircraft flight control has been proven to be one of the most complex control applications due to the wide range of system parameters and the interaction between controls.6 A rule of thumb is to use a wattage rating of at least twice the expecteddissipation.7Regardless of methods, the CNC program must of course be loaded into the CNC machine before it can be run.8The five band code is more likely to be associated with the more precision 1% and 2% types. Your “garden variety”5% general purpose types will be four band resistance codes.9An atom with an unbalance charge is called an ion. Ions are charged particles that would produce a current if they could move.10Silicon crystals for example have very few free electrons. However if “impurities” are introduced in a controlled manner then the free electrons or conductivity is increased.11The magnetic moment can be considered to be a vector quantity with direction perpendicular to the current loop in the right-hand-rule direction.12High-speed instructions allow for events and interrupts to occur independent of the PLC scan time.13Resistors which are deliberately designed to handle and radiate large amounts of power are electric cooktops, ovens, radiators, electric jugs and toasters.四、将下面的句子翻译成英文。
1人们发现电荷间存在排斥力和吸引力。
这种力通常很小。
2如果将一块N型材料同一块P型材料相连，然后加上电压，将有电流流过。
3简言之，力就是推或拉。
4一旦程序写好，程序就要被测试和调试。
5几乎所有的设备都用7或8个数据位（比特）来传送数据。
6电阻器被用于控制电压和电流。
7二极管是一种只允许电流以一个方向流过的元件。
它有一个正极和一个负极。
8 PLC是以On或Off的形式（1或0）来存储信息的。
9开环控制系统的应用范围有限。
10 CNC程序可以通过人工开发。
五、翻译短文1、InterfacesWe know that data are stored in a computer as patterns of bits. Within a given machine, the patterns are consistent; for example, if the code for the letter A is 01000001, this pattern, and only this pattern, will be used to represent an A inside the computer.The rule does not apply to input or output devices, however, on a keyboard, each key generates on character. With graphics, pixels are displayed. A dot matrix printer represents characters as patterns of dots.A card reader interprets patterns of holes punched in a card. An optical device reads light intensity, while a magnetic device reads magnetic intensity. Each input or output device represents or interprets data in its own unique way, and the signals used by a peripheral device may or may not match the signals stored inside the computer. If these dissimilar devices are to communicate, translation is necessary. This is the function of the interface board.Consider, for example, a keyboard. When a key is pressed, an electronic signal is sent to the keyboard’s interface. In response, the interface generates the code used to represent that character inside the computer, and transfers the coded data into main memory. Let’s change the device to a printer. As output begins, the data are stored inside the computer as binary-coded character. The printer requires a dot pattern. Clearly translation is necessary. The coded characters are sent to the printer’s interface, which translates the computer’s binary codes to printer form. The printer and the key board are different; the signals that physically control them and the electronic patterns they use to represent data are device-dependent. However, because the device-dependent tasks are assigned to the respective interface boards, both can be attached to the same computer. On input, an interface board translates external signals into a form acceptable to the computer. Output signals are electronically converted from the computer’s internal code to a form acceptable to the peripheral device. Because they are electronically different, a printer and a keyboard require different interface boards. In fact, every input or output device needs a unique interface board to translate its device-dependent signals to (or from) the computer’s internal code.。