美国文学简史 期末复习资料
美国文学简史期末复习考试资料
i.The Colonial Period
1.关键词: America Puritanism
2.Calvinism特点: total depravity, Unconditional election, Limited atonement,
Irresistible grace, Perseverance of the saints
3.Anne Bradstreet( P17 ): a Puritan poet be known as “The Muse”
4.Thomas Paine: one of continual, unswerving fight for the rights of man.
works: “Common Sense”“American Crisis”“The Rights of Man”“The Age of
Reason”理性时代
5.Phillip Freneau(P22): 美国文学史上的重要人物
dawning nationalism 代表人物
Poems: The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花
first modern American & the last medieval man
6.Jonathan Edwards( Calvinism )
a critical role in shaping the First Great Awakening
works: “The Freedom of the Will”《自由意志论》“The Great Doctrine of
美国文学期末复习资料(完美版)
Black humor(黑色幽默)：
Black humor refers to the use of the morbid and the absurd in literature for darkly comic purpose. It carries the tone of anger and bitterness in the grotesque situations of suffering, anxiety and death. It makes readers laugh at the blackness of modern life. The representative novel of black humor in American literature is Joseph Heller’ Catch -22. 《第二十二条军规》
Anti-hero （反英雄）:Ant-ihero refers to the chief person in a modern novel or play whose character is widely discrepant from that which we associate with the traditional protagonist or hero of a serious literary work. Instead of manifesting largeness, dignity, power, or heroism, the antihero is petty, ignominious, passive, ineffectual, or dishonest. The use of non-heroic protagonists occurs as early as the picaresque novel （流浪汉小说） of the 16th century, and the heroine of Defoe’s Moll Flanders 《摩尔·弗兰德斯》is a thief and a prostitute （妓女）. The term ―antihero‖, however, is usually applied to writings in the period of disillusion after the Second World War. For example, Yossarian in Joseph Heller’s Catch -22.《第二十二条军规》
美国文学期末复习
作家作品
Naturalism
1、Stephen Crane斯蒂芬·克莱恩1871-1900 战争小说之父
Maggie: A Girl of the Streets《街头女郎麦琪》（美国文学史上首次站在同情立场上描写受辱妇女的悲惨命运）, a pioneering work of sociological naturalism；关于南北战争的The Red Badge of Courage《红色英勇勋章》，奠定了他在美国文坛上不可动摇的地位；优秀短篇小说集The Open Boat《海上扁舟》和blue hotel 《蓝色旅馆》; wounds in the rain 《雨中的伤痕》The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky《新娘来到黄天镇》
2、Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞1871-1945美国文学史上最杰出的现实主义小说家，一位以探索充满磨难的现实生活着称的美国自然主义作家.
Sister Carrie《嘉莉妹妹》，真实再现了当时美国社会;Jennie Gerhardt《珍妮姑娘》，被称为《嘉莉妹妹》的姐妹篇;Trilogy of Desire欲望三部曲（Financer金融家,The Titan巨人,The Stoic斯多噶）;An American Tragedy《美国悲剧》是德莱赛成就最高的作品，是人们清晰地看到了美国社会的真实情况，“至今依然具有巨大的现实意义”
在《美国悲剧》中，Dreiser intended to tell us that it is the social pressure that makes Clyde's downfall inevitable. Clyde's tragedy is a tragedy that depends upon the American social system which encouraged people to pursue the "dream of success" at all costs.
美国文学期末复习题
2013-2014-1 美国文学史及选读期末复习材料
实用标准文案
Ⅰ Multiple choices
1. Which is not connected with Thomas Paine?
A. Common Sense
B. The American Crisis
C. The Rights of Man
D. The Autobiography
2. “These are the times that try men’s souls”, these words were once read to Washington’s troops and did much to spur excitement to further action with hope and confidence. Who is the author of these words?
A.Benjamin Franklin
B. Thomas Paine
C. Thomas Jefferson
D. George Washington
3. At the Reason and Revolution Period, Americans were influenced by the European movement called the ______.
A. Chartist Movement
B. Romanticist Movement
C. Enlightenment Movement
D. Modernist Movement
4. In American literature, the Enlighteners were favorable to______.
美国文学简史期末复习
i.T h e C o l o n i a l P e r i o d
1.关键词: America Puritanism
2.Calvinism特点: total depravity, Unconditional election, Limited atonement,
Irresistible grace, Perseverance of the saints
3.Anne Bradstreet( P17 ): a Puritan poet be known as “The Muse”
4.Thomas Paine: one of continual, unswerving fight for the rights of man.
5.works: “Common Sense”“American Crisis”“The Rights of Man”“The Age
of Reason”理性时代
6.Phillip Freneau(P22): 美国文学史上的重要人物
7.dawning nationalism 代表人物
Poems: The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花
first modern American & the last medieval man
8.Jonathan Edwards( Calvinism )
9. a critical role in shaping the First Great Awakening
10.works: “The Freedom of the Will”《自由意志论》“The Great Doctrine of
美国文学史及选读期末复习题
1.Captain John Smith became the first American writer。
2.The puritans looked upon themselves as
a chosen people.
is an annual collection of proverbs written by Benjamin Franklin.
4.Thomas Paine’s famous
boldly advo cated a “Declaration for Independence”。
5.Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence with John Adams，Benjamin Franklin，Roger Sherman，and Robert Livingston.
has been called the “Father of American Poetry”.
7.In Washington Ir ving’s
appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature.
8.Cooper’s enduring fame rests on his frontier stories, especially the five novels
William Cullen Bryant’s wok.
is considered “father of American detective stories and American gothic stories"。
期末复习题 美国文学简史
Directions: In this part of the test, there are 9 items and 10 blanks. Fill in the best answer on the Answer Sheet according to the knowledge you have learned.
1.The first American literature was neither ____ nor really
____.
2.Of the immigrants who came to America in the first three
quarters of the seventeenth century, the overwhelming
majority was _____.
3.The English immigrants who settled on America’s northern
seacoast were called _____, so named after those who wished
to “purify” the Church of England.
4.Washington Irving, the Father of American literature,
developed the _____ as a genre in American literature.
5.Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece _____.
美国文学史期末考试复习资料
美国⽂学史期末考试复习资料
Multiple choice. Please choose the best answer among the four items. (10 x 1’= 10’)
1.In American literature, the 18th century was the age of Enlightenment. ______ was the dominant.
2.The short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is taken from Irving’s work named
______.
3.Which of the following is not the characteristic of American Romanticism?
4.The short story “Rip Van Winkle” reveals the ____ attitude of its author.
5.Stylistically, Henry James’ fiction is characterized by _____.
6.Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in _____ and Thoreau.
7.Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”?
美国文学史期末考试复习资料
一、作者-作品
1.Eugene O’Neill 尤金·奥尼尔
Desire under the Elms榆树下的欲望
2.Washington Irving华盛顿.欧文
The Sketch Book见闻札记
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说
3.Nathaniel Hawthorne霍桑
The Scarlet Letter红字
4.Herman Melville麦尔维尔
Moby Dick白鲸
5.Edgar Allan Poe艾伦.坡
The Raven乌鸦
6.Walt Whitman惠特曼
Leaves of Grass草叶集
7. Harriet Beecher Stowe 哈丽雅特.比彻.斯托Uncle Tom’s Cabin汤姆叔叔的小屋
8. Henry James 亨利.詹姆斯
in the Portrait of a Lady一位女士的肖像
9.Mark Twain 马克.吐温
TheAdventures ofHuckleberry Finn哈克贝里.费恩历险The Gilded Age镀金时代
10. O. Henry 欧.亨利
The Gift of the Magi麦琪的礼物
11. Stephen Crane：史蒂芬.克莱恩
The Red Badge of Courage红色英勇勋章
12.Theodore Dreiser 西奥多.德莱塞
Sister Carrie嘉莉妹妹
13.Jack London 杰克.伦敦
The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤
14. John Steinbeck 约翰.斯坦贝克
美国文学史及选读期末复习题
1.Poor Richard’s Almanac is an annual collection of proverbs written by
Benjamin Franklin.
2.Philip Freneau developed a natural, simple, and concrete diction,
best illustrated in such nature lyrics as “The Wild Honey Suckle” and “The Indian Burying Ground”.
3.Ph ilip Freneau has been called the “Father of American Poetry”.
4.In Washington Irving’s Sketch Book appeared the first modern
short stories and the first great American juvenile literature. 5.“To a Waterfowl” is perhaps the peak of William Cullen
Bryant’s wok.
6.“Thanatopsis, William Cullen Bryant’s best-known poem,
consists of four stanzas in iambic tetrameter abab. The title means “view of death”.
美国文学期末复习笔记 (1)
美国文学笔记
III. The Romantic period （浪漫主义时期）: （1800-1865）
American Transcendentalism
(美国超验主义）
（1830s- Civil War）
Summit of Romanticism/ American Renaissance
1. Appearance
1836, ―Nature‖ by Emerson
2. Features of Transcendentalism
(1). Spirit(思想）/Oversoul（超灵）
(2). importance of individualism
(3). nature – symbol of spirit/God；garment of the oversoul
(4). focus in intuition (irrationalism and subconsciousness)
IV. The American Realism 现实主义时期(1865-1918)
1. Three Giants in Realistic Period
William Dean Howells –―Dean of American Realism‖
Henry James
Mark Twain
2. Comparison:
Theme:
Howells –middle class
James –upper class
Twain –lower class
Technique:
Howells –smiling/genteel realism
美国文学史期末考试资料
殖民时期的美国: Colonial America 17c早——18c末
1. 从英国探险者和殖民者在新大陆的作品开始，描述他们在新大陆真实而精力充沛的冒险。
2. 另一类为清教作品
Philip Freneau 菲利普·费瑞诺：第一位美国抒情诗人兼记者“Father of American Poetry”(美国诗歌之父)
Puritanism: 清教主义
American Puritanism influences on American literature:
1. Idealism and optimism 理想主义和乐观主义
2. Symbolism 象征主义
3. Simplicity. 简洁
1.Edwards爱德华兹：the first modern American can the country’s last medieval man.
“the current of Transcendentalism, originating in the piety of the Puritans, vecoming a philosophy in Jonathan Ed wards, passing through Emerson.”
超验论由清教徒的虔诚演变而来在乔纳森·爱德华兹的哲理得到发展继而传给爱默生
4、典型的清教徒： John Cotton & Roger William
他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America.
期末复习-美国文学简史汇总
❖ Anti—Puritanism: Roger Williams, John Woolman, Thomas Paine, Philip Freneau
A
17
Major Writers
Captain John Smith （约 翰·史密斯）
the first American writer
A Description of New England 《新英格兰叙事》 (1616)
A
3
Brief Outline of American literature
1. Colonial period (1607-1775)
Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor
2. Revolutionary period
(1775-1783)
5. Realism (1861-1914)
A
5
Chapter One
Colonial Period (1607-1775)
A
6
Historical background
❖ The first permanent English settlement in North America at James town, Virginia in 1607.
A
7
The early settlers
美国文学期末复习题
美国文学期末复习题
2013-2014-1 美国文学史及选读期末复习材料
ⅠMultiple choices
1. Which is not connected with Thomas Paine?
A. Common Sense
B. The American Crisis
C. The Rights of Man
D. The Autobiography
2. “These are the times that try men’s souls”, these words were once read to Washington’s troops and did much to spur excitement to further action with hope and confidence. Who is the author of these words?
A.Benjamin Franklin
B. Thomas Paine
C. Thomas Jefferson
D. George Washington
3. At the Reason and Revolution Period, Americans were influenced by the European movement called the ______.
A. Chartist Movement
B. Romanticist Movement
C. Enlightenment Movement
D. Modernist Movement
4. In American literature, the Enlighteners were favorable to______.
美国文学史及选读期末复习题
1.
Captain John Smith became the first American writer.
5.The puritans looked upon themselves as a chosen people.
6.The first major intellectual spokesman of the Massachusetts Bay colony was John Cotton,
sometimes called “the Patriarch of New England.”
7.Anne Bradstreet published The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America, and she was
nicknamed the tenth Muse.
8.Poor Richard’s Almanac is an annual collection of proverbs written by Benjamin Franklin.
9.Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet Common Sense boldly advocated a “Declaration for
Independence”.
10.Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence with John Adams, Benjamin
Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston.
美国文学期末考试复习
Ⅲ. 重要作家及作品
Nathanial Hawthorne (纳撒尼尔·霍桑)
1.life
2.works
(1)Two collections of short stories: Twice-told Tales, Mosses from an Old Manse
(2)The Scarlet Letter
(3)The House of the Seven Gables
(4)The Marble Faun
(5)The Blithedale Romance
(6)―Rappaccini’s Daughter‖
(7)―The Birth-ma rk‖
(8)―Young Goodman Brown‖
3.point of view
(1)Evil is at the core of human life, ―that blackness in Hawthorne‖
(2)Whenever there is sin, there is punishment. Sin or evil can be passed from generation to generation (causality).
(3)He is of the opinion that evil educates.
(4)He has disgust in science.
4.aesthetic美学的ideas
(1)He took a great interest in history and antiquity.
To him these furnish the soil on which his mind grows to
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i.T h e C o l o n i a l P e r i o d
1.关键词: America Puritanism
2.Calvinism特点: total depravity, Unconditional election, Limited
atonement, Irresistible grace, Perseverance of the saints
3.Anne Bradstreet( P17 ): a Puritan poet be known as “The Muse”
4.Thomas Paine: one of continual, unswerving fight for the rights of man.
5.works: “Common Sense”“American Crisis”“The Rights of Man”“The
Age of Reason”理性时代
6.Phillip Freneau(P22): 美国文学史上的重要人物
7.dawning nationalism 代表人物
Poems: The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花
first modern American & the last medieval man
8.Jonathan Edwards( Calvinism )
9. a critical role in shaping the First Great Awakening
10.works: “The Freedom of the Will”《自由意志论》“The Great Doctrine
of Original Sin Defended”《伟哉原罪论辩》“The Nature of True Virtue”
“American Dream”“Self-made”
11.Benjamin Franklin(puritanism)
12.“Poor Richard’s Almance”“autobiography”新文学形式
13.“18th century enlightenment”
ii.Romanticism
1.Washington Irving（1783-1859）
2.①titles: “the father of American literature”
3.“the American Goldsmith”
4.②works: The Sketch Book (marked the beginning of American Romanticism
and the beginning of short stories as a genre in American literature)
5.Rip Van Winkle (P47—P48)
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
6.James Fenimore Cooper（1789-1851）
7.①One of the first writer to write American Westward movement
8.②“The Leatherstocking Tales” (novel)
9.first is “The Pioneers”
10.---Plot:
---theme conflict between Natty Bumppo and Judge Temple-
---character:
Natty Bumppo---innocent, simple, honest and generous, for freedom,
against civilization, wilderness is good
Judge Temple---just, reasonable, for civilization and law
③Writing style:
intriguing plot
majestic landscape descriptions
rich imagination
wooden characterization
not authentic dialect
iii.New England Transcendentalism---the culmination of American Romanticism iv.Beginning of the Transcendentalism---1836, Nature, Emerson (1830s –the Civil War)
v.Features：a:emphasizing on spirit or the Over-soul；b:stressing the importance of the individual；c:offering a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God.
1.Ralph Waldo Emerson：The founder of the Transcendentalist club and the
editor for a time of the journal the Dial
2.Works:
Nature --- “the Manifesto of American Transcen den talism” “the Bible of New England”:
The Poet (from Nature)
The American Scholar --- “Intellectual Declaration of Independence”
3.Henry David Thoreau
4.Masterpiece: Walden (Failure first, success in the 20th century)
5.Content---a faithful record of his reflection in communicating with nature
6.Nathaniel Hawthorne
7.“The Scarlet Letter”
8.Plot(P74)
Theme:
---(general theme) evil and sin exist in human heart and will be punished
one day
moral, emotional and psychological effect of the sin on the people in
general
---(specific theme) a hymn on the moral growth of the woman Hester when
sinned against
symbolism象征主义: “A”—Adultery—able—angel
“pearl”—treasure
9.Herman Melville
10.works: Moby Dick (1851)---little response, famous until the 20th century
11.Content:
---(general content) an encyclopedia of everything
---(specific content) a tragedy of man fighting against overwhelming
power in an indifferent even hostile world
12.Edgar Allan Poe
13.Theme: The death of beauty
Sense of loss
Works:
Poem--- “The Raven” “To Helen” “Annabel Lee”
Writing style:
Musical
Repetition of words
Paralleled structure