Research on changes of hydrodynamics and ion-exchange adsorption in Brackish-Water Interface

合集下载

三峡水库蓄水运行初期(2003—2012年)水环境演变特征的“四大效应”

ＺＨＥＮＧＢｉｎｇｈｕｉ２∗
１.Ｅｃｏ￣ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｏｆＹａｎｇｔｚｅＲｉｖｅｒＥｃｏｎｏｍｉｃＢｅｌｔꎬ ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓꎬ Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ
１０００１２ꎬ Ｃｈｉｎａ
第３３卷第５期
环境科学研究
２０２０年５月
ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ
Ｖｏｌ.３３ꎬＮｏ.５
Ｍａｙꎬ２０２０
三峡水库蓄水运行初期(２００３—２０１２年) 水环境
演变特征的“ 四大效应”
王丽婧１ ꎬ 李虹１ ꎬ 杨正健３ ꎬ 张佳磊４ ꎬ 邓春光５ ꎬ 杨凡１ꎬ３ ꎬ 郑丙辉２∗
位变幅达３０ｍ.
２００３年三峡水库蓄水运行后ꎬ大坝拦截使坝址
基于笔者所在团队连续１０余年的工作基础ꎬ系
术手段ꎬ从三峡水库蓄水运行初期产生的水动力条件
变化过程入手ꎬ探索特大型、高水位变幅运行背景下
物输移等规律ꎬ 形成了以 “ 分化” ￣“ 同步” ￣“ 胁迫” ￣
“ 迭加” 这“ 四大效应” 为代表的理论科学认识ꎬ旨在
ｏｆｕｐｓｔｒｅａｍｃａｓｃａｄｅｈｙｄｒｏｐｏｗｅｒｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｕｐｐｅｒｒｅａｃｈｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＹａｎｇｔｚｅＲｉｖｅｒｉｎｔｏａｃｃｏｕｎｔꎬ ｉｔｉｓｒｅｃｏｍｍｅｎｄｅｄｔｏｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｔｈｅ
ｆｏｌｌｏｗ￣ｕｐｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｆｔｈｅＴＧＲｗａｔｅｒｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｃｅｓｓ. Ｉｎａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎꎬ ｉｔｉｓａｌｓｏｎｅｃｅｓｓａｒｙｔｏｃａｒｒｙｏｕｔｔｈｅｐｏｓｔ

超高压辅助酶解法改性汉麻分离蛋白及其理化性质的研究

刘容旭，李春雨，王语聪，等. 超高压辅助酶解法改性汉麻分离蛋白及其理化性质的研究[J]. 食品工业科技，2023，44（19）：99−107.doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023010016LIU Rongxu, LI Chunyu, WANG Yucong, et al. Study on the Modification and Physicochemical Properties of Hemp Protein Isolate by Ultra-High Pressure Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(19): 99−107. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023010016· 研究与探讨 ·超高压辅助酶解法改性汉麻分离蛋白及其理化性质的研究刘容旭1，李春雨2，王语聪2，谢智鑫2，谢宜桐2，李双鹏2，刘丹怡1, *，韩建春2,*（1.黑龙江省绿色食品科学研究院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150028；2.东北农业大学食品学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150030）摘　要：本研究以汉麻分离蛋白（Hemp Protein Isolate ，HPI ）为原料，通过超高压辅助酶解反应对HPI 进行改性，以溶解度和水解度为判定指标筛选酶解改性反应最佳条件，并探究超高压辅助酶解反应对酶解产物溶解性、起泡性、乳化性、持水性、持油性的影响。

结果表明，HPI 酶解反应最适条件为：加酶量（复合蛋白酶）5000 U/g 、酶解改性pH8.0、酶解改性温度55 ℃、酶解改性时间50 min 。

以HPI 为对照，当压力为200 MPa 时，酶解产物的溶解度、起泡性、乳化性、持油性最高，压力为100 MPa 时，泡沫稳定性最好，酶解后的乳化稳定性存在不同程度的下降，压力为0.1 MPa 时其持水性达到最大值。

对水的研究英文作文

对水的研究英文作文Water is essential for life. It covers most of the Earth's surface and makes up a large percentage of our bodies. Without water, we would not be able to survive.Water is a fascinating substance. It can exist in three states: solid, liquid, and gas. This ability to change form is what makes water so unique and versatile.Researchers study water for many reasons. They want to understand its properties, how it interacts with other substances, and how it moves through the environment. By studying water, scientists can learn more about the world around us.One interesting area of water research is its role in climate change. Water plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's temperature and weather patterns. Scientists are studying how changes in water distribution and temperature are affecting our planet.Water research also extends to the oceans. Researchers study the chemistry of seawater, the creatures that live in it, and the impact of human activities on marine ecosystems. Understanding the oceans is crucial for protecting marinelife and preserving the health of our planet.Overall, water research is a diverse and important field. Scientists are constantly learning new things about this essential substance and its role in the world. By studying water, we can better understand our environmentand work towards a more sustainable future.。

乙酸蒸汽催化重整制氢的研究进展

CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS 2017年第36卷第5期·1658·化工进展乙酸蒸汽催化重整制氢的研究进展王东旭1，肖显斌2，李文艳1（1华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院，北京 102206；2华北电力大学生物质发电成套设备国家工程实验室，北京 102206）摘要：通过生物油蒸汽重整制备氢气可以减少环境污染，降低对化石燃料的依赖，是一种极具潜力的制氢途径。

乙酸是生物油的主要成分之一，常作为模型化合物进行研究。

镍基催化剂是乙酸蒸汽重整过程中常用的催化剂，但容易因积炭失去活性，降低了制氢过程的经济性。

本文首先分析了影响乙酸蒸汽重整制氢过程的各种因素，阐述了在这一过程中镍基催化剂的积炭原理，讨论了优化镍基催化剂的方法，包括优化催化剂的预处理过程、添加助剂和选择合适的载体，最后对乙酸蒸汽重整制氢的热力学分析研究进展进行了总结。

未来应重点研究多种助剂复合使用时对镍基催化剂积炭与活性的影响，分析多种助剂的协同作用机理，得到一种高活性、高抗积炭能力的用于生物油蒸汽重整制氢的镍基催化剂。

关键词：生物油；乙酸；制氢；催化剂；热力学中图分类号：TK6 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000–6613（2017）05–1658–08 DOI ：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017.05.014A review of literatures on catalytic steam reforming of acetic acid forhydrogen productionWANG Dongxu 1，XIAO Xianbin 2，LI Wenyan 1（1 School of Energy ，Power and Mechanical Engineering ，North China Electric Power University ，Beijing 102206，China ；2 National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment ，North China Electric PowerUniversity ，Beijing 102206，China ）Abstract ：Hydrogen production via steam reforming of bio-oil ，a potential way to produce hydrogen ， can reduce environmental pollution and dependence on fossil fuels. Acetic acid is one of the main components of bio-oil and is often selected as a model compound. Nickel-based catalyst is widely used in the steam reforming of acetic acid ，but it deactivates fast due to the carbon deposition. In this paper ，the affecting factors for the steam reforming of acetic acid are analyzed. The coking mechanism of nickel-based catalyst in this process is illustrated. Optimization methods for nickel-baed catalyst are discussed ，including optimizing the pretreatment process ，adding promoters ，and choosing appropriate catalyst supports. Research progresses in the thermodynamics analyses for steaming reforming of acetic acid are summarized. Further studies should be focused on the effects of a combination of a variety of promoters on carbon deposition. Catalytic activity and the synergy mechanism should be analyzed to produce a novel nickel-based catalyst with high activity ，high resistance to caborn deposition for hydrogen production via steam reforming of bio-oil. Key words ：bio-oil ；acetic acid ；hydrogen production ；catalyst ；thermodynamics第一作者：王东旭（1994—），男，硕士研究生，从事生物质能利用技术研究。

英语翻译竞赛-改(1)

摘要改进了的采收率技术（IOR），给进一步从储层中驱替更多的原油提供了可能，其最终采出量可占原始地质储量的30%至60%，或者更多。

在使用表面活性剂驱提高驱采收率的过程中，最重要的标准是表面活性剂是否可以将表面张力降低到足够的程度以生产更多的原油。

在油湿性储层中提高采收率的关键问题是克服将原油束缚在岩石表面的表面张力。

然而，在水湿性储层中，在表面张力的作用下会产生油泡，流体挤过孔隙通道和曲面面积有关，当表面积增加时，这种油泡会停止运动，进而会堵塞空隙通道。

在水湿性油藏中，在界面张力的作用下会产生油泡，这种油泡会阻止油流穿过孔隙通道向较广阔位置的运动，进而堵塞孔隙通道。

这类界面张力就是为什么随着含水饱和度的上升时，相对于水来说，储层对于油的渗透率越来越差主要原因。

Ferrofluids是一种特殊的智能纳米级材料，特别是可受磁场控制的纳米流体。

在这种铁磁性的纳米微粒上涂有表面活性剂，可以防止其发生凝聚。

由于Ferrofluids的组分使得其既具有流动性也具有导磁性。

加入表面活性剂可以极大的降低表面张力，在水湿储层中Ferrofluid会破坏已形成的油珠。

同时，当铁磁性流体与油藏流体接触时，它会与原油发生反应，由于偶极距的存在，油藏流体分子将变成排状，从而减低了流动阻力。

总之，利用增强的磁流变流体的表面活性剂可以很容易达到减小表面张力进而减小流动阻力的目标。

在使用ferrofluid后，原油的极性将更强，ferrofluid将会成为表面活性剂的更好的溶剂。

总之，使用表面活性剂改性的ferrofluids可轻松的实现减小表面张力进而降低流动阻力的目标。

在使用Ferrofluids后，原油的极性将更强并且ferrofluid将会成为表面活性剂更好的溶剂。

Introduction:引言Ferrofluidsferrofluids是一种智能流体。

纳米级的铁磁性微粒悬浮在承载液中，一般来说承载液是油基或水基的。

受海平面上升的影响英语作文范文

受海平面上升的影响英语作文范文In the face of rising sea levels, coastal communities worldwide are grappling with unprecedented challenges. From vanishing shorelines to the increased frequency of extreme weather events, the impacts of rising sea levels are undeniable and far-reaching. In this essay, we delve intothe multifaceted consequences of rising sea levels and explore potential solutions to mitigate its adverse effects.One of the most immediate consequences of rising sea levels is coastal erosion. As sea levels rise, waves and tidal forces encroach further inland, gradually erodingcoastlines and threatening coastal infrastructure and ecosystems. In low-lying areas, such as island nations and coastal cities, this erosion can lead to the displacementof communities and loss of valuable land.Moreover, rising sea levels exacerbate the severity ofstorm surges and flooding events. As sea levels continue to rise, even minor storm events have the potential to cause catastrophic flooding in coastal regions. This not onlyposes a significant risk to human lives and property but also disrupts critical infrastructure such astransportation networks and power grids.Furthermore, the impacts of rising sea levels extend beyond the coastal zone, affecting freshwater resources and biodiversity. Saltwater intrusion into freshwater aquifers compromises water quality and availability, threatening drinking water supplies and agricultural productivity. Additionally, coastal wetlands and estuaries, which serve as vital habitats for numerous species, are increasingly at risk of inundation and loss.In response to these challenges, coastal communities are implementing a variety of adaptation strategies to build resilience against rising sea levels. Coastal defense infrastructure, such as seawalls and levees, is being constructed to protect vulnerable areas from erosion and flooding. Additionally, nature-based solutions, such as restoring mangrove forests and creating artificial reefs, are being employed to enhance coastal resilience and biodiversity.Furthermore, land-use planning and zoning regulations are being revised to restrict development in high-risk coastal areas and promote sustainable coastal management practices. Public awareness and education campaigns are also being conducted to foster community engagement and empower individuals to take action against rising sea levels.However, addressing the root causes of rising sea levels requires global cooperation and concerted efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change. Transitioning to renewable energy sources, reducing carbon emissions from transportation and industry, and protecting and restoring natural carbon sinks are essential steps in mitigating the impacts of rising sea levels and safeguarding the future of coastal communities worldwide.In conclusion, rising sea levels pose a significant threat to coastal communities and ecosystems, with far-reaching consequences for human livelihoods and the environment. By implementing adaptive measures and addressing the underlying drivers of climate change, we can mitigate theimpacts of rising sea levels and build a more sustainable and resilient future for coastal regions worldwide.。

journal of hydrodynamics 点评

journal of hydrodynamics 点评
Journal of Hydrodynamics是一个很有价值的领域期刊，它主要发表水动力学方面的研究成果，这些成果对于水利工程、海洋工程、船舶
工程等领域的发展都具有重要意义。

本期刊的前身是《水动力学研究通报》，成立于1979年。

于1997年正式更名为《水动力学研究》，并于2008年更名为现在的《Journal of Hydrodynamics》。

至今已经发表了很多关于水动力学的重要成果，这些成果为现代水利工程、海洋工程、船舶工程等领域的发展提供了
重要的理论基础和技术支持。

在本期刊中，我们可以看到许多涉及水动力学方面的论文，这些论文
主要包括实验研究、数值模拟、理论分析等方面。

其中实验研究是水
动力学方面研究的基础，通过实验可以验证理论，分析现象，寻求新
规律。

数值模拟是近年来发展起来的重要手段，它可以通过计算机模
拟复杂的水流现象，为实际工程提供有效的设计依据。

理论分析则是
水动力学研究的重要基础，通过理论分析可以发现新规律、提出新的
理论描述，从而推动理论研究的发展。

此外，《Journal of Hydrodynamics》还定期组织会议、专题研讨等活动，促进学术交流和学术合作。

这些活动为学者提供了一个交流和
合作的平台，可以促进学科的发展和技术的进步。

总的来说，《Journal of Hydrodynamics》是一个非常有价值和重要的期刊，它对水动力学及其应用领域做出了重要的贡献。

希望今后更多的学者会加入到这个领域的研究中来，为水动力学的发展和应用做出更多的贡献。

海洋可以调节气候英语作文

海洋可以调节气候英语作文英文回答：The ocean plays a crucial role in regulating theEarth's climate. As the largest carbon sink on the planet, the ocean absorbs a significant amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, helping to mitigate the effects of climate change. Additionally, the ocean's currents and temperature variations help to distribute heat around the globe, influencing weather patterns and climate systems.For example, the Gulf Stream, a warm ocean current in the North Atlantic Ocean, has a major impact on the climate of Western Europe. It brings warm water from the Gulf of Mexico up towards the North Atlantic, helping to moderate temperatures in countries like the UK and Ireland. Without this ocean current, these regions would experience much harsher winters.Furthermore, the ocean's ability to store and releaseheat also affects weather patterns. For instance, El Niño and La Niña events in the Pacific Ocean can lead to extreme weather conditions around the world. During an El Niño event, warm waters in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean can cause droughts in some regions and heavy rainfall in others. On the other hand, during a La Niña event, cooler waters in the same region can lead to increased rainfall in some areas and droughts in others.In conclusion, the ocean's role in regulating theEarth's climate is undeniable. Its ability to absorb carbon dioxide, distribute heat, and influence weather patterns makes it a vital component of the global climate system.中文回答：海洋在调节地球气候方面扮演着至关重要的角色。

受海平面上升的影响英语作文

受海平面上升的影响英语作文The Impact of Sea Level Rise.Sea level rise is one of the most significant consequences of climate change, and its impact is felt across the globe. As the planet warms, the polar ice caps melt, adding vast amounts of water to the oceans. This rise in sea level has the potential to reshape coastlines, inundate low-lying areas, and disrupt ecosystems in profound ways. In this article, we will explore the various impacts of sea level rise and consider the measures that can be taken to mitigate its effects.One of the most immediate impacts of sea level rise is the inundation of coastal cities and towns. As the sealevel rises, it claims more and more land, eventually rendering some areas uninhabitable. This is particularly problematic in densely populated areas, where the loss of land can lead to displacement and social upheaval. For example, in Bangladesh, a country that is already highlyvulnerable to flooding, sea level rise could submergeentire islands and coastal communities, displacing millions of people.In addition to displacing people, sea level rise also poses a significant threat to infrastructure. Ports, roads, and bridges are all vulnerable to inundation, and their destruction can have far-reaching economic consequences. For instance, the Port of Miami is one of the busiest ports in the United States, handling billions of dollars worth of goods each year. However, sea level rise threatens to inundate the port, potentially disrupting global trade and causing significant economic losses.Ecosystems are also profoundly affected by sea level rise. Coastal wetlands, mangroves, and coral reefs act as natural buffers against storm surges and flooding. However, as the sea level rises, these ecosystems are inundated, reducing their ability to perform these functions. This not only has immediate consequences for coastal communities but also has longer-term impacts on global climate patterns and biodiversity.The impact of sea level rise is not evenly distributed across the globe. Developing countries and island nations are particularly vulnerable, as they often lack the resources to adapt to these changes. This can lead to a vicious cycle of poverty and environmental degradation, as communities are unable to invest in resilience measures due to limited financial resources.In response to these challenges, it is crucial to take action to mitigate the effects of sea level rise. One effective measure is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, which are the primary driver of climate change. By transitioning to clean energy sources and implementing energy-efficient policies, we can slow the rate of sealevel rise and reduce its impact.In addition, investment in resilience infrastructure is crucial. This includes building sea walls, floodgates, and other barriers to protect coastal communities from inundation. It also involves investing in sustainable drainage systems and green infrastructure that can absorband retain water, reducing the risk of flooding.However, it is important to note that resilience infrastructure alone is not a silver bullet. These measures can be expensive and difficult to implement, particularlyin developing countries. Therefore, it is also necessary to focus on adaptive measures that help communities adapt to the new realities of sea level rise. This could include relocating vulnerable communities to safer areas, developing flood-resilient housing, and improving early warning systems for flooding and storm surges.In conclusion, sea level rise is a significant and growing threat that requires urgent action. It poses a profound challenge to coastal communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems around the world. By reducing greenhouse gas emissions, investing in resilience infrastructure, and promoting adaptive measures, we can mitigate the impact of sea level rise and protect the future of coastal communities and the planet at large.。

对水的研究英文作文

对水的研究英文作文英文：I have always been fascinated by the study of water. Water is essential for all living organisms, and it plays a crucial role in the Earth's ecosystems. From a scientific perspective, water has unique properties that make it a fascinating subject of study. For example, its ability to exist in three states – solid, liquid, and gas – is quite remarkable. The way water molecules form hydrogen bondswith each other also contributes to its unique properties, such as its high surface tension and ability to dissolve a wide range of substances.In addition to its chemical properties, water also hasa profound impact on human culture and society. For example, many ancient civilizations were built around bodies of water, and water has been a central theme in art,literature, and religion throughout history. Even today, water continues to play a significant role in our lives,from providing a source of recreation and relaxation to serving as a means of transportation and trade.From a personal perspective, my interest in water stems from my own experiences and observations. I grew up near a lake, and I have always been drawn to the calming effect of water. Whether it's taking a peaceful walk along the shore or simply listening to the sound of waves, I find water to be incredibly soothing. Additionally, I have always been fascinated by the diverse marine life that inhabits oceans, rivers, and lakes. The way different species interact with their aquatic environment is truly remarkable.In conclusion, the study of water is a multifaceted and fascinating field that encompasses scientific, cultural, and personal perspectives. Whether it's exploring the chemical properties of water, studying its cultural significance, or simply enjoying its calming effects, water is a topic that never fails to captivate me.中文：水一直是我着迷的研究课题。

2024年高一英语气候科学研究进展单选题40题

2024年高一英语气候科学研究进展单选题40题1.Climate change is mainly caused by the increase in _____.A.greenhouse gasesB.ozone layerC.pollutantsD.water vapor答案：A。

温室气体的增加是气候变化的主要原因。

选项B 臭氧层主要起到阻挡紫外线的作用，与气候变化的主要原因关系不大。

选项 C 污染物的范围比较广，不是气候变化的主要原因。

选项 D 水汽也不是气候变化的主要原因。

2.The phenomenon of global warming is closely related to _____.A.carbon dioxide emissionsB.air pollutionC.water pollutionD.soil pollution答案：A。

全球变暖现象与二氧化碳排放密切相关。

选项B 空气污染不是全球变暖的直接主要原因。

选项C 水污染与全球变暖关系不大。

选项D 土壤污染也与全球变暖没有直接关系。

3.The term “El Niño” refers to _____.A.a weather patternB.a climate change phenomenonC.an ocean currentD.a type of storm答案：A。

“厄尔尼诺”是一种天气模式。

选项B 它不是气候变化现象本身。

选项C 它不是洋流。

选项D 它不是一种风暴。

4.The “greenhouse effect” is caused by _____.A.the absorption of heat by the atmosphereB.the reflection of sunlight by the EarthC.the emission of heat by the SunD.the cooling of the Earth答案：A。

关于海水变热的英语四级

关于海水变热的英语四级The warming of seawater is a significant topic in the field of oceanography and environmental science. There are several factors that contribute to the increase in sea surface temperature, including climate change, solar radiation, and human activities.Firstly, climate change has been identified as a major driver of rising sea surface temperatures. The increase in greenhouse gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide and methane, has led to the trapping of heat in the Earth's atmosphere, resulting in a phenomenon known as global warming. As a result, the oceans absorb much of this excess heat, causing their temperatures to rise.Secondly, solar radiation plays a crucial role in heating the surface of the oceans. The sun's energy is absorbed by the seawater, causing it to warm up. This process is essential for the regulation of global climate and the sustenance of marine life.Furthermore, human activities also contribute to the warming of seawater. The discharge of industrial and domestic waste into the oceans, as well as the release of pollutants and chemicals, can lead to an increase in water temperature. Additionally, activities such as deforestation and urbanization can indirectly impact sea surface temperatures through their effects on climate patterns.The warming of seawater has far-reaching implications for marine ecosystems, weather patterns, and coastal communities. It can disrupt the balance of marine ecosystems, leading to coral bleaching, the loss of biodiversity, and changes in the distribution of marine species. Furthermore, warmer sea surface temperatures can fuel the intensification of tropical storms and hurricanes, posing risks to coastal areas and human settlements.In conclusion, the warming of seawater is a complex phenomenon influenced by climate change, solar radiation, and human activities. Understanding the causes and consequences of rising sea surface temperatures is crucialfor the development of effective strategies to mitigate its impacts on marine environments and coastal regions.。

把海水转换为淡水英语作文

把海水转换为淡水英语作文Title: Desalination: Converting Seawater into Freshwater。

Access to freshwater is crucial for sustaining life and supporting various activities, yet a significant portion of the world's population faces water scarcity. One solution to this challenge is desalination—the process of converting seawater into freshwater. This essay explores the methods and importance of desalination.Desalination involves removing salt and otherimpurities from seawater to produce potable water suitable for drinking and irrigation. Several techniques are employed for this purpose, with two primary methods being widely used: thermal desalination and membrane (or reverse osmosis) desalination.1. Thermal Desalination: This method utilizes heat to separate freshwater from saltwater. One common approach ismulti-stage flash distillation, where seawater is heated to produce steam, which is then condensed into freshwater. Another technique is multi-effect distillation, where heat from one stage is used to drive subsequent stages of distillation, increasing efficiency.2. Membrane Desalination (Reverse Osmosis): Thisprocess involves pushing seawater through a semi-permeable membrane under high pressure. The membrane allows water molecules to pass through while blocking salts and other impurities. Reverse osmosis is widely used due to itsenergy efficiency and effectiveness in producing freshwater.Desalination plays a critical role in regions facing water scarcity, such as arid coastal areas. Countries like Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Israel heavily rely on desalination plants to meet their freshwater needs. In addition to providing drinking water, desalination supports agriculture, industry, and tourism in these regions.However, desalination is not without challenges. One major concern is its energy intensity. Both thermal andmembrane desalination processes require significant energy inputs, primarily from fossil fuels. This raises environmental issues related to greenhouse gas emissions and sustainability.Furthermore, desalination plants can impact marine ecosystems. The intake of seawater and discharge of brine (highly concentrated saltwater) can harm marine life if not properly managed. Efforts are underway to develop more sustainable desalination technologies that minimize environmental impact.Research and development in desalination are focused on improving efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and addressing environmental concerns. Innovations such as forward osmosis and solar desalination hold promise for making desalination more sustainable and accessible.In conclusion, desalination is a vital technology for addressing water scarcity in regions where freshwater resources are limited. While it offers significant benefits in providing clean water, it also poses challenges thatrequire continued innovation and responsible management. Efforts to advance desalination technologies are essential for ensuring water security and sustainable development globally.。

关于海底研究的英语作文

关于海底研究的英语作文Deep-Sea Research。

The ocean covers more than 70% of the Earth's surface, and yet we have only explored a small fraction of it. The vast majority of the ocean is deep and dark, with crushing pressures and frigid temperatures that make it inhospitable to most forms of life. Nevertheless, scientists are increasingly turning their attention to the deep sea, drawn by the prospect of discovering new species, unlocking the secrets of the ocean's past, and understanding the impactof human activities on this vast and fragile ecosystem.One of the most important tools for deep-sea researchis the remotely operated vehicle (ROV). These are unmanned submersibles that can be controlled from the surface, allowing scientists to explore the ocean floor without risking human lives. ROVs are equipped with cameras, lights, and sensors that can collect data on everything from the temperature and salinity of the water to the behavior ofdeep-sea creatures. They can also collect samples of rocks, sediments, and organisms for analysis back on shore.One of the most exciting recent discoveries in deep-sea research was the existence of hydrothermal vents. These are cracks in the ocean floor where hot, mineral-rich water spews out from the Earth's crust. These vents support a unique ecosystem of organisms that thrive in the extreme conditions, including giant tube worms, crabs, and shrimp that are found nowhere else on Earth. Hydrothermal vents are also of great interest to scientists because they may provide clues to the origins of life on Earth and the possibility of life on other planets.Deep-sea research is not without its challenges, however. The extreme depth and pressure of the ocean floor make it difficult and expensive to explore, and thedelicate ecosystem is vulnerable to damage from human activities such as mining and oil drilling. Nevertheless, scientists are committed to studying this important and fascinating part of our planet, and to using their findings to help protect and preserve the ocean for futuregenerations.In conclusion, deep-sea research is a vital and exciting field that has the potential to unlock many mysteries of the ocean. With the help of advanced technology and the dedication of scientists around the world, we can continue to explore and understand this vast and complex ecosystem, and work to protect it for generations to come.。

关于海洋科学研究的最新进展英语作文

Latest Advancements in Marine Science ResearchMarine science is a dynamic and rapidly advancing field,with researchers continually making new discoveries and breakthroughs.This essay highlights some of the latest advancements in marine science research,including the exploration of deep-sea ecosystems,the study of marine microbiomes,the use of innovative technologies,and the understanding of climate change impacts on oceans.Exploration of Deep-Sea EcosystemsOne of the exciting advancements in marine science is the exploration of deep-sea ecosystems.Despite covering more than half of the Earth's surface,the deep sea remains largely unexplored.Recent expeditions, however,have revealed a wealth of biodiversity in these extreme environments,including new species and unique adaptations.These discoveries are expanding our understanding of life on Earth and the functioning of marine ecosystems.Study of Marine MicrobiomesAnother significant advancement is the study of marine microbiomes-the communities of microorganisms living in the ocean.Researchers are using advanced genomic techniques to identify and characterize these microorganisms,revealing their crucial roles in nutrient cycling,food web dynamics,and disease resistance.These studies are shedding light on the invisible life that underpins marine ecosystems and holds potential for biotechnological applications.Use of Innovative TechnologiesMarine science is also being revolutionized by innovative technologies. Autonomous underwater vehicles,remote sensing technologies,and eDNA(environmental DNA)sampling are enabling researchers to study marine ecosystems in unprecedented detail and scale.These technologies are providing new insights into marine biodiversity,habitat mapping,and oceanographic processes.Understanding of Climate Change ImpactsMarine science is playing a crucial role in understanding the impacts of climate change on oceans.Recent research has shown that oceans are warming,acidifying,and losing oxygen at an alarming rate,with significant implications for marine life and human societies.These studies are informing climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies and emphasizing the urgent need for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.ConclusionIn conclusion,the latest advancements in marine science research are expanding our knowledge of the oceans,from the mysterious deep-sea ecosystems to the vital marine microbiomes,and from the innovative use of technologies to the critical understanding of climate change impacts.These advancements underscore the importance of marine science in preserving the health of our oceans and sustaining the life and well-being of our planet.As we continue to explore,study,and protect our oceans,marine science will undoubtedly continue to bring new discoveries and challenges.。

海洋变化的作文英语的

Changes in the OceanThe vastness of the ocean, its depth, and the infinite secrets it holds have always fascinated mankind. However,in recent decades, the ocean has undergone significant changes, some of which are irreversible and pose a serious threat to its ecological balance.One of the most profound changes is the rise in ocean temperatures. Global warming has caused the ocean's watersto warm significantly, leading to the melting of polar ice caps and glaciers. This melting not only contributes to sea level rise but also alters the ocean's salinity and circulation patterns. The warmer waters also affect marine life, leading to changes in species distribution and population sizes.Another significant change is the increase in ocean acidity. As atmospheric carbon dioxide levels rise, more of this gas is absorbed by the ocean, leading to acidification. This process makes it harder for marine organisms,especially shellfish and coral reefs, to survive. The resulting decline in these populations can have cascading effects on the entire marine ecosystem.Pollution is another major factor contributing to the ocean's decline. Plastic waste, oil spills, and toxic chemicals are just a few examples of the pollutants thatare dumped into the ocean every day. These pollutants not only harm marine life but also accumulate in the food chain, ultimately affecting human health.The fishing industry has also had a significant impact on the ocean. Overfishing has led to the depletion of many fish stocks, while the use of destructive fishing methods, such as bottom trawling, has destroyed vital marine habitats. This loss of biodiversity reduces the resilienceof the ocean and makes it more vulnerable to external threats.It is evident that the ocean is facing a dire situation. The changes it has undergone in recent decades are awarning sign that we need to take urgent action to protect it. Otherwise, we may lose not only its ecological valuebut also the vital resources it provides, such as food and oxygen.Fortunately, there are steps we can take to reverse these trends. Reducing carbon emissions, curbing pollution,and implementing sustainable fishing practices are just a few examples of measures that can help protect the ocean. Additionally, promoting awareness and education about the importance of the ocean and its fragility can encouragemore people to take action.In conclusion, the ocean is a vital component of our planet's ecosystem, and its health is crucial for our survival. The changes it has undergone in recent decadesare a stark reminder of the need to protect it. It is our responsibility to ensure that we pass down a healthy and thriving ocean to future generations.**海洋的变化**海洋的广阔、深邃以及它所蕴藏的无穷秘密，一直吸引着人类。

研究生水力发电的英语作文

研究生水力发电的英语作文English:Hydropower generation, a renewable energy source, plays a crucial role in the global energy mix due to its sustainability and reliability. Graduate-level research in hydropower focuses on enhancing efficiency, minimizing environmental impact, and optimizing the design and operation of hydropower systems. This involves studying various aspects such as turbine technology, reservoir management, sedimentation control, and ecosystem preservation. Researchers explore innovative solutions to address challenges like sediment buildup, fish passage, and climate change resilience. Advanced computational tools like computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and numerical modeling aid in simulating complex flow patterns, optimizing turbine designs, and predicting environmental impacts. Additionally, interdisciplinary collaboration with experts in ecology, geology, and climate science is essential for comprehensive understanding and sustainable development of hydropower projects. Through rigorous analysis, experimentation, and field studies, graduate research contributes to advancing knowledge inhydropower engineering, ultimately facilitating the transition towards a more sustainable energy future.中文翻译:水力发电作为一种可再生能源，由于其可持续性和可靠性，在全球能源结构中起着至关重要的作用。

高一英语气候科学研究进展单选题40题

高一英语气候科学研究进展单选题40题1. The _______ of climate change on agriculture is a major concern.A. impactB. effectC. influenceD. result答案：A。

本题考查名词的辨析。

“impact”强调强烈的冲击和影响；“effect”侧重于效果、结果；“influence”侧重潜移默化的影响；“result”指最终的结果。

在描述气候变化对农业的影响时，“impact”更能突出其强烈和直接的作用。

2. Scientists are constantly _______ new methods to predict the weather.A. developingB. inventingC. creatingD. finding答案：A。

本题考查动词的辨析。

“develop”有开发、发展的意思，常用于新方法、新技术的开发；“invent”侧重于发明全新的事物；“create”强调创造出原本不存在的东西；“find”主要指找到已存在的事物。

科学家不断开发新的方法，用“develop”更恰当。

3. The recent _______ in temperature has caused many problems.A. riseB. increaseC. growthD. raise答案：B。

本题考查名词的辨析。

“rise”常指位置、高度的上升；“increase”可指数量、程度的增加；“growth”侧重于生长、发展；“raise”是动词，此处需要名词，所以排除。

温度的增加用“increase”更合适。

4. The _______ climate makes it difficult for plants to grow.A. dryB. wetC. hotD. cold答案：A。

本题考查形容词的辨析。

2021年常州国际学校高三英语期末考试试卷及答案解析

2021年常州国际学校高三英语期末考试试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AInformation on school visits to Kew GardensEnjoy yourselves in a wonderland of science with over 50,000 living plants and a variety of educational events or amusing activities. Here is essential information about planning a school visit to Kew.Educational course pricesYou can plan a self-led visit or book one of our educational courses. Students will take part in the educational courses in groups of 15. Prices vary according to different situations.EYFS (Early Years Foundation Stage) to Key Stage 4:45-minute course: 35/group 90-minute course: 70/groupKey Stage 5:Half day (one course): 80/group Full day (two courses): 160/groupTeachers and adults:Up to required key stage proportions (比例): FreeAdults needed for 1:1 special educational needs support: FreeAdults above the required proportions: 11/personThe payment will due within 28 calendar days of making the booking.Health and safetyRequired supervising (监护) adult-student proportions:Key Stage 1: 1:5 Key Stage 2: 1:8Key stage 3: 1:10 Key Stage 4: 1:12Key Stage 5: 1:12The group sizes should be controlled if you are visiting potentially busy areas such as the glasshouse and other attractions. The maximum number of students visiting the glasshouses is 15 per group and each group to Kew shops should include no more than 10 students.If there is an emergency, please contact the nearest Kew staff member or call Constabulary on 0208 32 3333 for direct and quick support. Please do not call 999.Planning your visitYour tickets and two planning passes will be sent to you upon receipt of your payment. You can complete your risk assessment with the passes, ensure you bring your tickets and the receipt document and show them to the staff members at the gate on the day of your visit.Recommended timingsThe Kew Gardens opens at 10 am. You are recommended to spend at least three to five hours on your visit. The closing time varies throughout the year. But the earliest is 3:30 pm. We have a fixed schedule for educational courses, which is from 10:30 am to 2:20 pm.1.How much should a group of 15 Key Stage I students and 4 teachers pay for a 45-minute course?A.35B.46C.57D.812.What should one do in an emergency?A.Check the risk assessment.B.Call 999 immediately.C.Ask adults or teachers for help.D.Seek help from the staff member nearby.3.What is the purpose of the text?A.To introduce Kew Gardens.B.To give tips on visiting Kew Gardens.C.To attract potential visitors to Kew Gardens.D.To inform coming activities in Kew Gardens.BThis past year, I've found myself returning again and again to lines of poetry by Emily Dickinson. Like many people, I've needed the curing effects of reading more than ever. As scientists and psychologists will tell you, books are good for the brain and their benefits are particularly vital now.Books expand our world, providing an escape and offering novelty, surprise and excitement. They broaden our view and help us connect with others. Books can also distract us and help reduce ourmental chatter.When we hit the “flow state" of reading where we're fully lost in a book, our brain's mode network calms down. It's a network of brain that is active and gets absorbed in thinking and worrying endlessly when we are not doing anything else.There is so much noise in the world right now and the very act of reading is kind of meditation. Youdisconnect from the chaos around you.You reconnect with yourself when you are reading. And there's no more noise.In 2020, the NPD Group recorded the best year of book sales since 2004. Yet even as people are buying more books,many are reporting they're having a harder time getting through them. It's difficult for your brain to focus on a book when it's constantly scanning for threats to keep you alive.Our fight-or-flight response has been consistently activated.Sometimes I picture my brain as a cartoon brain with little arms and legs, fighting with a book I am holding and screaming: “Can't you see I'm busy!” Anxiety causes our brain to produce a flood of stress,which consumes our energy and makes it harder to concentrate.Then one day in December sitting on my couch, I remembered how much I like to read"The House of Mirth" every few years around the holidays. The memory inspired me to pick up the familiar book, opened it up and started reading.I just kept going.The comfort and distraction and brain-opening experience gave me peace.So return to something familiar.4. What does the underlined part “mental chatter” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Getting lost in a book.B. Non-stop inner anxiety.C. Chatting with the author.D. Powerful network of brain.5. What do we know about reading according to the text?A. It can treat our headache.B. It can calm down the noisy people.C. It forces us to concentrate.on thinking.D. It makes us communicate with ourselves.6. Why was it difficult for people to finish reading books in 2020?A. People bought too many books.B. The books were too difficult to understand.C. People just wanted to escape from the threat.D. The life threat disturbed people's focus on books.7. Why is the author's experience mentioned in the last paragraph?A. To rid people of concern for safety.B. To present an effective reading way.C. To wake up memories of an old book.D. To recommend the book he/she reads.CSome of the oldest art in human history is being damaged, scientists say. And climate change may be speeding up its loss. Newresearch reports that ancient rock art in Indonesian caves is degrading over time, as bits of rock slowly break off from the walls. It's a huge loss for human history.Salt crystals（结晶）building up on the walls are a key part of the problem, the study suggests. These salt crystals go into the cave walls, changing sizes as temperatures rise and fall. This process causes the rock to slowly break down.Salt crystals may become larger when exposed to repeated changes between wet conditions and periods of drought. These kinds of changes are expected to become more obvious as the climate continues to warm.In particular, the researchers say, climate change may cause more intense El Nino（厄尔尼诺）events in the future. These events can strengthen the kinds of conditions that help salt crystals form Scientists are still debating the exact influence of climate change on El Nino, a natural climate cycle that drives changing patterns of warming and cooling in thePacific Ocean.The new study, led by Jillian Huntley, examined 11 ancient cave art sites in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The researchers found evidence of salt formation at all 11 sites. It's merely a small part There are more than 300 known eave art sites around the region. The researchers note that salt crystals may indeed be part of the problem, adding that climate change is a growing threat, one that deserves more attention.8. What is the main cause of the rocks breaking off from the wall?A. Weather patterns.B. Salt crystals.C. Wet conditions.D. Drought Periods.9. Which of the following may researchers agree with?A. El Nino events prevent salt crystals forming.B. Climate change makes little difference to El Nino.C.Salt crystals may become much larger in wet conditions.D. Constant warm weather may cause salt crystals to change size.10. Which word best describes Huntley's attitude to climate change?A. Worried.B. Curious.C. Doubtful.D. Positive.11. What can we learn from thelast paragraph?A. The formation and patterns of salt crystals.B. The impact of climate change on ancient rock arts.C. The historical value of ancient rock art in cave sites.D. The threats of human activities to ancient eave art sites.DResearchers say spicy tomatoes could soon be on the menu thanks to the rise of gene-editing technology.It's not the first time that experts have claimed techniques could develop fruit with unusual features: scientists have already been looking at changing the color1 of kiwi fruit and bettering the taste of strawberries.But researchers inBrazilandIrelandsay such methods could also offer practical advantages, with hot tomatoes offering a new way of harvesting the pungent chemicals found in peppers known as capsaicinoids, which make food taste “hot”.“Capsaicinoids are valuable. They are used as painkillers and there are some researches showing that they promote weight loss,” said Agustin Zsogon from a Brazilian university, a co-author of a new article arguing for the benefits of engineering hot tomatoes.Writing in the journal Trends in Plant Science, the researchers say peppers are difficult crops to grow and low productive. Worse still, it is tricky to keep the pungency of the fruits table. By contrast, tomato production is high and the plant is well-studied. “You could produce the capsaicinoids in a more cost-effective manner,” said Zsogon.Tomatoes and peppers developed from a common ancestor, but separated about 19 million years ago. “All these genes to produce capsaicinoids exist in the tomato, they are just not active,” said Zsogon. “Using gene-editing technology, it is likely to switch these genes back on in tomatoes, making the fruit more special”, he said.12. Why are the tomatoes made hot by the researchers?A. To test the gene-editing technologyB. To improve the amount of the tomatoesC. To explore ways to harvest more capsaicinoids.D. To make the tomatoes more delicious.13. For what purpose can capsaicinoids be used according to the text?A. To put on weight.B. To ease the pain.C. To improve sleep.D. To better the look.14. What is Zsogon's attitude to the gene-editing technology?A. Confident.B. Critical.C. Anxious.D. Doubtful.15. What's the main idea of the text?A. An introduction to gene-editing plants.B. Creating hot tomatoes by gene-editing.C. Problems with capsaicinoid production.D. The procedure of producing capsaicinoids.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2023年高考英语外刊时文精读专题14气候变化与珊瑚礁(含答案)

2023年高考英语外刊时文精读精练(14)Climate change and coral reefs气候变化与珊瑚礁主题语境：人与自然主题语境内容：自然生态【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇，认识即可；下划线单词为课标词汇，需熟记。

）Human beings have been altering habitats—sometimes deliberately andsometimes accidentall y—at least since the end of the last Ice Age. Now, though, that change is happening on a grand scale. Global warming is a growing factor. Fortunately, the human wisdom that is destroying nature can also be brought to bear on trying to save it.Some interventions to save ecosystems are hard to imagine andsucceed. Consider a project to reintroducesomething similar to a mammoth(猛犸象)to Siberiaby gene-editing Asian elephants. Their feeding habits could restore the grassland habitat that was around before mammoths died out, increasing the sunlight reflected into space and helping keep carbon compounds(碳化合物)trapped in the soil. But other projects have a bigger chance of making an impact quickly. As we report, one example involves coral reefs.These are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales: half a trillion corals line the Pacific from Indonesia to French Polynesia, roughly the same as the number of trees that fill the Amazon. They are equally important harbor of biodiversity. Rainforests cover18% of the land’s surface and offer a home to more than half its vertebrate(脊椎动物的)species. Reefs occupy0.1% of the oceans and host a quarter of marine(海洋的)species.And corals are useful to people, too. Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income. One team of economists has estimated that coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to $10trn a year. reefs are, however, under threat from rising sea temperatures. Heat causesthe algae（海藻） with which corals co-exist, and on which they depend for food and colour, to generate toxins（毒素）that lead to those algae’s expulsion（排出）. This is known as “bleaching（白化）”, and can cause a coral’s death. As temperatures continue to rise, research groups around the world are coming up with plansof action. Their ideas include identifying naturally heat-resistant（耐热的）corals and moving themaround the world; crossbreeding（杂交）such corals to create strains that are yet-more heat-resistant; employing genetic editing to add heat resistance artificially; transplantingheat-resistant symbiotic（共生的）algae; and even repairing with the bacteria and other micro-organismswith which corals co-exist—to see if that will help.The assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm. Without carbon reduction and decline in coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century. Some doubt whetherhumans will get its act together in time to make much difference. Few of these techniques are ready for action in the wild. Some, such as gene editing, are so controversial that it is doubtful they will be approved any time soon. scale is also an issue.But there are grounds for optimism. Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific methods can also be found. Natural currents can be used to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximise benefits.This mix of natural activity and human intervention could serve as a blueprint （蓝图）for other ecosystems. Those who think that all habitats should be kept original may not approve. But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear. For coral reefs, at least, if any are to survive at all, it will be those that humans have re-engineered to handle the future.【课标词汇精讲】1.alter （通常指轻微地）改动，修改；改变，（使）变化We've had to alter some of our plans.我们不得不对一些计划作出改动。

Research on changes of hydrodynamics and ion-exchange adsorption in Brackish-Water Interface

三峡水库蓄水运行初期(2003—2012年)水环境演变特征的“四大效应”

超高压辅助酶解法改性汉麻分离蛋白及其理化性质的研究

对水的研究英文作文

乙酸蒸汽催化重整制氢的研究进展

英语翻译竞赛-改(1)

受海平面上升的影响英语作文 范文

journal of hydrodynamics 点评

海洋可以调节气候英语作文

受海平面上升的影响英语作文

对水的研究英文作文

2024年高一英语气候科学研究进展单选题40题

关于海水变热的英语四级

把海水转换为淡水英语作文

关于海底研究的英语作文

关于海洋科学研究的最新进展 英语作文

海洋变化的作文英语的

研究生水力发电的英语作文

高一英语气候科学研究进展单选题40题

2021年常州国际学校高三英语期末考试试卷及答案解析

2023年高考英语外刊时文精读专题14气候变化与珊瑚礁(含答案)

受海平面上升的影响英语作文范文

关于海洋科学研究的最新进展英语作文