英文论文全攻略
英语论说文写作
英语论说文写作
英语论说文的写作步骤有以下几个：
1. 确定主题：选择一个有争议性、有足够讨论空间的主题作为论文的主题，例如人工智能的影响、环境保护或者社交媒体对青少年的影响等。
2. 建立论点：根据主题，确定自己的观点，并列举一些支持自己观点的理由和证据。
论文的每个段落都应该围绕一个主要观点展开。
3. 详细论证：用事实、数据、案例和专家观点等来支持自己的论点。
确保每个论点都有充分的论证，以增加论文的说服力。
4. 逻辑清晰：确保论文中的每个段落都有清晰的逻辑结构，包括引言、主体段落和结论。
每个段落都应该有一个明确的主题句，主题句应该与论文的主旨一致。
5. 使用合适的语言和文体：使用清晰、准确的语言，避免语法错误和不恰当的用词。
同时，根据论文的要求选择适当的文体，可以是正式的、学术的或者是更加亲近读者的文体。
6. 结构严谨：确保论文的结构严谨，标题、引言、主体段落和结论都要紧密联系起来，逻辑性强。
同时，使用合适的过渡词和句子，以便更好地连接不同的段落和观点。
7. 编辑校对：在完成论文后，仔细检查、修正语法错误和拼写
错误，确保论文的语言流畅、准确。
可以请他人帮助校对，从更客观的角度来审查论文。
最后，记得对论点进行一次总结，强调自己的观点和论证的重要性，并为读者提供建议或展望未来的发展。
关于论文写作的指导(英文版)
关于论文写作的指导(英文版)Guide to Writing a Research PaperWriting a research paper can be a daunting task for many students, as it requires extensive research, critical thinking, and effective communication skills. However, with careful planning and a systematic approach, anyone can write a successful research paper. This guide aims to provide step-by-step instructions and useful tips to help you navigate through the process of writing a well-crafted research paper.1. Understand the assignment: Before starting your research paper, carefully read the assignment guidelines provided by your instructor. Pay attention to the specific requirements, such as the topic, length, formatting style, and deadlines. If you have any doubts or questions, don't hesitate to seek clarification from your instructor.2. Choose a topic: A good research paper starts with a well-defined and interesting topic. Select a topic that is relevant to your field of study and aligns with your interests. Ensure that the topic is neither too broad nor too narrow. Conduct initial research to make sure there is enough information available to support your arguments.3. Conduct thorough research: To write an impactful research paper, you need to gather reliable and relevant information from various sources. Utilize library resources, academic journals, books, and reputable online databases to acquire the necessary data. Take notes while researching and keep track of the sources you consult.4. Develop a thesis statement: A strong thesis statement is the focal point of your research paper. It presents the main argument or hypothesis that you will support throughout your paper. Your thesis statement should be clear, concise, and debatable. Make sure it reflects the purpose of your paper and guides your research and writing process.5. Create an outline: An outline serves as a roadmap for your research paper, making the writing process more organized and efficient. It includes the main sections and subsections of your paper, along with the key points you will discuss in each section. This will help you maintain a logical flow and ensure that you cover all the necessary information.6. Write a compelling introduction: The introduction is the first impression of your research paper. Start with a catchy hook to grab the reader's attention. Provide background information on the topic and gradually narrow it down to your thesis statement. Clearly state the purpose and significance of your research, and explain how your paper will contribute to the existing body of knowledge.7. Present a comprehensive literature review: A literature review demonstrates your understanding of the existing research on your topic. Summarize the key findings of relevant studies and identify any gaps in the literature. Make sure to cite all the sources properly and critically analyze the information presented.8. Methodology: In this section, describe the research methods you used to collect and analyze data. Clearly explain your approach, including the sample size, data collection instruments, andstatistical analysis methods. This will allow readers to evaluate the reliability and validity of your findings.9. Present your findings: Share the results of your research in a logical and coherent manner. Use graphs, tables, and figures to illustrate your findings effectively. Interpret the results and explain their significance in relation to your research question. Remain objective and avoid making unsupported claims or overgeneralizing your findings.10. Conclusion: Summarize the main points of your research and review how they support your thesis statement. Discuss the implications of your findings and suggest further areas of research. End your conclusion with a thought-provoking statement or a call to action.11. Revise and edit: The final step in writing a research paper is revising and editing. Review your paper for clarity, coherence, grammar, and punctuation errors. Ensure that your paper adheres to the formatting style required by your instructor. Consider seeking feedback from a peer or instructor to gain valuable insights and make necessary improvements.In conclusion, writing a research paper requires careful planning, extensive research, and effective communication skills. By following this guide, you can navigate through the process with confidence and produce a well-structured and impactful research paper. Remember to allow yourself enough time for each step and seek help when needed.继续写相关内容，1500字12. Citations and References: In academic writing, it is crucial to give credit to the original sources of information and ideas. Proper citations and references not only demonstrate academic integrity but also allow readers to locate and verify the sources. Different disciplines may follow different citation styles, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago. Familiarize yourself with the specific guidelines and consistently apply them throughout your research paper. Keep track of your sources from the beginning and create a bibliography or reference list as you go along.13. Revise and Edit: Once you have completed the initial draft of your research paper, it is important to revise and edit it thoroughly. Revision involves rethinking, reorganizing, and rewriting sections for better clarity and coherence. Check for any gaps in your argumentation or supporting evidence. Make sure that your ideas flow logically and that each paragraph contributes to the overall argument. Edit your paper for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. It can be helpful to read your paper aloud or ask someone else to read it and provide feedback. Remember that revising and editing is an ongoing process, and it may take multiple rounds before your research paper is polished and ready for submission. 14. Pay Attention to Formatting: In addition to citations and references, it is important to pay attention to the overall formatting of your research paper. Follow the guidelines provided by your instructor regarding font size, margins, line spacing, and page numbering. Consider using headings and subheadings to organize your paper and make it easier to navigate. Make sure that all tables, figures, and illustrations are properly labeled and referred to in the text. A well-formatted research paper not only looks professionalbut also enhances readability and comprehension.15. Seek Feedback and Proofreading: Before submitting your research paper, it is beneficial to seek feedback from others. Share your paper with classmates, colleagues, or your instructor and ask for their opinions and suggestions. They may be able to point out any inconsistencies, weaknesses in your argument, or areas that need further clarification. Consider their feedback and make necessary revisions. Additionally, it is essential to have your research paper proofread by someone else or use proofreading tools and software. Even the most careful writers can overlook errors, and a fresh pair of eyes can catch mistakes that you may have missed.16. Practice Time Management: Writing a research paper can be time-consuming, so it is important to manage your time effectively. Break down the task into smaller, manageable steps and set deadlines for each step. Use a planner or online tools to schedule your research, writing, and revision sessions. Start working on your research paper well in advance to avoid any last-minute rush. It is also a good idea to allocate extra time for unexpected challenges or delays. By managing your time efficiently, you can reduce stress and produce a high-quality research paper.17. Emphasize Clarity and Coherence: Clarity and coherence are essential qualities of a well-written research paper. Make sure that your ideas are expressed clearly and concisely. Avoid using jargon or overly complex language that may confuse readers. Use transition words and phrases to create smooth transitions between paragraphs and sections. The overall structure of your paper shouldbe coherent, with each section and paragraph contributing to the central argument. Regularly review your work to ensure that your ideas are presented logically and that readers can easily follow your thought process.18. Practice Ethical Research Conduct: Conducting research ethically is crucial to maintain the integrity of your research paper and respect the rights and privacy of others. Obtain proper permission and informed consent when conducting surveys, interviews, or experiments involving human subjects. Follow ethical guidelines when conducting research involving animals. When using other researchers' work, ensure proper citation and acknowledgment. Avoid plagiarism by paraphrasing and quoting sources accurately. Familiarize yourself with your institution's policies on research ethics and ensure that your research adheres to ethical standards.19. Take Care of Your Mental and Physical Well-being: Writing a research paper can be mentally and physically demanding. It is important to take care of yourself throughout the process. Take breaks, engage in physical activities, and maintain a balanced diet. Get enough sleep and manage your stress levels effectively. If you feel overwhelmed or stuck, don't hesitate to seek support from your classmates, instructors, or tutors. Remember that it is normal to experience challenges and setbacks during the research paper writing process, and taking care of your well-being can help you overcome them more effectively.20. Finalize and Submit: After incorporating feedback and making all necessary revisions, it is time to finalize your research paper.Review the formatting, citations, and references one last time to ensure accuracy and consistency. Proofread your work for any remaining errors. Once you are confident that your research paper is polished and meets all the requirements, submit it on time following the submission guidelines provided by your instructor. Celebrate your hard work and the accomplishment of completing your research paper!Writing a research paper may seem challenging at first, but by following these steps, you can approach the task with confidence and produce a high-quality paper. Remember that writing is a process, and it requires time, effort, and perseverance. Do not hesitate to seek help and guidance when needed. With practice and experience, you will become more proficient in writing research papers and communicating your ideas effectively.。
英文学术论文写作技巧
学术论文英文题目和摘要的撰写方法一、英文题名1、题名的结构英文题名以短语为主要形式，尤以名词短语(noun phrase)最常见，即题名基本上由1 个或几个名词加上其前置和(或)后置定语构成。
短语型题名要确定好中心词，再进行前后修饰。
各个词的顺序很重要，词序不当，会导致表达不准。
题名一般不应是陈述句，因为题名主要起标示作用，而陈述句容易使题名具有判断式的语义；且陈述句不够精练和醒目，重点也不易突出。
少数情况(评述性、综述性和驳斥性)下可以用疑问句做题名，疑问句可有探讨性语气，易引起读者兴趣。
2、题名的字数题名不应过长。
国外科技期刊一般对题名字数有所限制。
例如，美国医学会规定题名不超过2 行，每行不超过42 个印刷符号和空格；英国数学会要求题名不超过12 个词。
总的原则是，题名应确切、简练、醒目，在能准确反映论文特定内容的前提下，题名词数越少越好。
3、中英文题名的一致性同一篇论文，其英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致，但不等于说词语要一一对应。
在许多情况下，个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动。
4、题名中的冠词科技论文题名中的冠词有简化的趋势，凡可用可不用的冠词均可不用。
5、题名中的大小写题名字母的大小写有以下3 种格式：全部字母大写；每个词的首字母大写，但3个或4 个字母以下的冠词、连词、介词全部小写；题名第1个词的首字母大写，其余字母均小写。
6 、题名中的缩略词语已得到整个科技界或本行业科技人员公认的缩略词语，才可用于题名中，否则不要轻易使用。
二、作者与作者单位的英译1、作者中国人名按汉语拼音拼写：Cao Chongzhen；CAO Chong-zhen2、单位单位名称要写全(由小到大)，并附地址和邮政编码，确保联系方便。
如：School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030,China三、英文摘要1、英文摘要的时态英文摘要时态的运用以简练为佳。
英文科技论文写作技巧大全
英文科技论文写作技巧大全英文科技论文的基本格式•Title•Author(s)•Affiliation(s) and address(es) •Abstract•Keywords•Introduction •Experimental •Results and discussion •Conclusion (Summary;Concluding remarks) •Appendix (Abbreviation)•Acknowledgement •References2.基本要求（1）Title长短适中，概括性强，重点突出，一目了然。
（2）Author(s)姓氏和名字要容易弄清楚，以免发生以名代姓。
（3）Affiliation(s) and address(es)准确清楚，使读者能按所列信息顺利地与作者联系。
（4）Abstract不宜太详尽，也不宜太简短，应将论文的研究体系、主要方法、重要发现、主要结论等，简明扼要地加以概括。
不要将结论与提要重复使用。
（5）Introduction说明本研究的目的意义。
归纳与本研究密切相关的前人研究结果及有关文献，指出本研究与前人研究的不同之处。
说明本论文要解决的问题及方法、手段等。
不宜将本论文的结果在“绪论”中叙述。
（6）Experimental叙述主要的实验过程、方法、仪器设备、试剂来源及规格等。
不宜将实验结果在“实验部分”中叙述。
（7）Results and discussion是论文的核心部分，要求：–数据及图表的内容及含义交代清楚，有条理；–对数据及现象的归纳、演绎、解释、立论要有逻辑性、自洽性。
–语句要准确、流畅、多样化，不宜重复使用相同的句型和词汇。
（8）Conclusion (Summary, Concluding remarks)简明扼要地归纳出本论文的新发现、新观点、新理论等。
不宜将“结果及讨论”部分的语句直接抄录作为结论。
（9）References要按所投杂志规定的格式准确书写。
英文论文发表流程全解析
Make sure your paper is written WELL in the language of the journal. A paper can and will be rejected if the reviewers can’t read it!
Step 4. Wait. Then respond accordingly
The outcome of your submission will fall into one of these options:
Outcome #1 – your paper is “triaged” and rejected without review Outcome #2 – your paper is reviewed but is rejected Outcome #3 – your paper is reviewed and accepted with condition (or rejected but with possibility to resubmit) Outcome #4 – your paper is reviewed and is accepted as is (RARE!)
If you don’t read the website properly and make a mistake in your paper (example: incorrect formatting) this will look badly on you. Every journal is different and has very specific requirements.
论文中的英文写作技巧与表达方式
论文中的英文写作技巧与表达方式在英文学术论文的写作过程中，准确和流畅的表达是非常重要的。
本文将探讨一些论文中的英文写作技巧及表达方式，帮助读者提升论文写作的能力。
1. 写作结构论文的结构对于阐明观点、组织思路至关重要。
以下是一般英文学术论文的常见结构：（1）引言：介绍论文的主题，概述论文的目的和重要性，并提供背景知识。
（2）文献综述：回顾相关的学术研究和理论，评估前人的研究成果。
（3）方法论：描述研究方法、实验设计和数据分析方法。
（4）结果：对实验结果进行客观的描述和分析。
（5）讨论：解释和解读结果，并与前人的研究进行比较和讨论。
（6）结论：总结研究成果，强调重要性和可能的进一步研究方向。
2. 语法和拼写良好的语法和拼写是论文写作的基础。
以下是一些常见的语法和拼写错误，需要注意避免：（1）主谓一致：主语和谓语动词在人称和单复数上要保持一致。
（2）时态一致：使用正确的时态表达，如过去时、现在时或将来时等。
（3）冠词使用：正确使用冠词（a、an、the），并避免过度使用。
（4）拼写错误：仔细校对论文中的拼写错误，可以使用拼写检查工具进行辅助。
3. 学术词汇在写作过程中，合适的学术词汇能够提升论文的专业程度，但过度使用学术词汇反而会让读者难以理解。
以下是一些建议：（1）避免使用口语化的表达方式，如俚语或缩写。
（2）使用学术词汇丰富论文内容，但确保这些词汇确实适用于所描述的概念。
（3）使用词汇表达准确的思想和观点，同时避免以讹传讹，对所使用词汇的准确性要有严谨要求。
4. 表达清晰在论文写作中，清晰的表达是非常重要的。
以下是一些建议：（1）使用简洁的句子结构和控制篇幅，避免过长的句子或段落。
（2）使用逻辑的连接词，如"however"、"therefore"、"in addition"等，帮助读者理解论文的逻辑。
（3）对于复杂的概念，使用图表或实例来解释，以帮助读者更好地理解。
SCI论文全攻略选刊投稿修回与退稿
S C I论文全攻略:选刊选刊与投稿一、拟投期刊的选择:(1)选用SCI收录期刊。
目前SCI收录核心刊3000种，加上增补期刊约5600种。
研究者可事先将SCI中自己感兴趣的期刊找出来备用。
(2)利用SCI收录期刊的影响引子(ImpactFactor)来选择期刊。
期刊的影响因子是该刊前2年发表的文献在当前的平均被引次数。
《科学》、《可根据期刊的影响因子排名决定投稿方向。
(3)利用学科带头人的影响或国际学术交流的条件，物色最了解中国学术研究、信任中国学者的那部分期刊投稿。
SCI选用的期刊中约1/3为美二、如何准备投稿？选择适合刊物投稿：从杂志homepage下载InstructionforAuthor，按投稿要求，如投稿份数、论文体例、长度、图表、参考文献引法、配图说明作出决定前不准备一稿多投；③所有列出作者均对文稿有确切贡献；④文稿内容真实，无作伪；⑤所有作者均已阅读文稿，且同意送稿；⑥通信作Titlepage的式样如下：PeroxisomeProliferation-ActivatedReceptor-gLigandsAmeliorateExperimentalAutoimmuneMyocarditisZuyiYuan,MD,PhD;YanLiu,MD;YuLiu,MD;JijunZhang,MD;ChiharuKishimoto,MD,PhD*;YanniWang,MD;AiqunMa,MD,PhD;ZhiquanLiu,MD. DepartmentofCardiovascularMedicine,FirstHospitalofXi'anJiaotongUniversity,Xi'an,Shaanxi710061,China;*DepartmentofCardiovascular Firstauthor'ssurname:YuanRunninghead:PPARgligandsamelioratemyocarditisSupportedbyNaturalScienceFoundationofChinaAddresscorrespondenceto:ZuyiYuan,MD,PhDDepartmentofCardiovascularMedicine,FirstHospitalofXi'anJiaotongUniversity,No.1JiankangRoad,Xi'an,Shaanxi710061,ChinaTel:+86-29-532-4021Fax:+86-29-5263190E-mail:三、向国外生物医学期刊投稿需注意A.期刊选择：英文生物医学期刊种类繁多，选择一本恰当的期刊并非一件易事，然而这是论文得以发表的一个重要环节。
SCI论文写作全攻略（三）-选刊与投稿
SCI 论文写作全攻略（三）-选刊与投稿一、拟投期刊的选择：1.1.选用选用SCI 收录期刊。
目前SCI 收录核心刊收录核心刊 3000 3000种，加上增补期刊约种，加上增补期刊约 5600 5600种。
研究者可事先将SCI 中自己感兴趣的期刊找出来备用。
中自己感兴趣的期刊找出来备用。
2.2.利用利用SCI 收录期刊的影响引子（收录期刊的影响引子（Impact Impact Factor Factor）来选择期刊。
期刊的影响因子是该刊前）来选择期刊。
期刊的影响因子是该刊前2年发表的文献在当前的平均被引次数。
《科学》、《自然》影响因子很高，SCI 收录中国期刊影响因子都在1.00以下。
期刊影响因子愈大，有用信息愈多。
作者可根据期刊的影响因子排名决定投稿方向。
3.3.利用学科带头人的影响或国际学术交流的条件，物色最了解中国学术研究、信任中国学者的那部分利用学科带头人的影响或国际学术交流的条件，物色最了解中国学术研究、信任中国学者的那部分期刊投稿。
期刊投稿。
SCI SCI 选用的期刊中约选用的期刊中约 1 / 3 1 / 3为美国期刊，因而要注意选美国期刊。
为美国期刊，因而要注意选美国期刊。
二、如何准备投稿？选择适合刊物投稿：从杂志homepage 下载Instruction for Author ，按投稿要求，如投稿份数、论文体例、长度、图表、参考文献引法、配图说明（Figure legends legends））等，逐条遵循。
Letter to editor-in-chief : ①声明文稿权转让；②未一稿多投，和在稿件未作出决定前不准备一稿多投；③所有列出作者均对文稿有确切贡献；④文稿内容真实，无作伪；⑤所有作者均已阅读文稿，且同意送稿；⑥通信作者地址、电话、Fax Fax、、e-mail e-mail；⑦通信作者签名。
勿一稿多投。
；⑦通信作者签名。
勿一稿多投。
；⑦通信作者签名。
勿一稿多投。
Title page 的式样如下：的式样如下：的式样如下： Peroxisome Proliferation-Activated Receptor-g Ligands Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune MyocarditisZuyi Yuan, MD, PhD; Yan Liu, MD; Yu Liu, MD; Jijun Zhang, MD; Chiharu Kishimoto, MD, PhD*; Yanni Wang, MD; Aiqun Ma, MD, PhD; Zhiquan Liu, MD.Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; *Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, KyotoUniversity, Kyoto 606-8501, JapanFirst author's surname: YuanRunning head: PPARg ligands ameliorate myocarditisSupported by Natural Science Foundation of China (30170371)Address correspondence tZuyi Yuan, MD, PhDDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,No.1 Jiankang Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, ChinaTel: +86-29-532-4021 Fax: +86-29-5263190E-mail: ******************三、向国外生物医学期刊投稿需注意（一）期刊选择：（一）期刊选择：英文生物医学期刊种类繁多，选择一本恰当的期刊并非一件易事，然而这是论文得以发表的一个重要环节。
SCI论文写作全攻略
SCI论文写作全攻略-选题与创新一、先想先写最后做：1. 做研究之前，必须想清楚：结果能不能发表？发表在哪里？2. 先把文章大框写好，空出数据，等做完实验填完空就可以发了；正所谓心中有沟壑！3. 在未搞清“写什么、发哪里、自己研究与同类研究有何出色之处”之前，就不要动手做！4. 继续去看文献，去想；想不清楚就做还不如不做！5. 要想这样做，就得先看文献！要知道如何把文章架起来、要知道别人是如何讨论的、要知道自己的数据是不是说明了与别人不同的东东或别人没有做过……这个过程就是阅读文献及思考的过程，这些搞清楚了，写就简单了！6. 要是先做事，做完发现别人做过，或无法用理论来解释，岂不是冤大头？二、如何科学选题：1. 课题选择和国际接轨。
想在国际核心期刊发表文献，就必须了解国际研究动态，选择与国际学术研究合拍的课题。
由于多方面因素的影响，我国科学研究选题与国际先进水平还有一定距离。
我国一家权威科研机构不久前在国内挑选了许多前沿领域的研究课题，准备参与国际合作，但到美国后发现近三分之二的课题已经不属前沿，在美国很少有人研究。
在高校，一些教师治学严谨、基础扎实，但科研成果不突出，重要原因就是不重视有关领域学术动态，不能选得合适的课题。
2. 课题要有可发展性。
课题可发展性对高水平论文的持续产出具有极大作用。
中国科技大学范洪义另辟蹊径，发展了诺贝尔奖得主狄拉克(Dirac)奠定的量子论的符号法，系统地建立了“有序算符内的积分理论”，1998年有24篇论文被SCI收录；他对自己论文高产的解释是，研究“具有开创性，突破一点以后就可以向纵深发展，使研究工作自成系列、成面成片”。
我院被SCI收录论文最多的杨新民老师从事凸性理论研究，该理论兴起于 20世纪70年代，90年代进入高峰。
作为新兴研究领域，该理论本身有许多尚待研究之处，同时该理论也可用来解决最优化方面的问题。
反之，有人由于所接触的问题已处于该研究分支的末端，即使在该点上有所突破，也难持续发展。
如何写好英文论文
如何写好英文论文写一篇出色的英文论文是每个研究生或学术研究者的追求。
然而，许多人在写作过程中会遇到各种困难。
下面将分享一些关键技巧，帮助您写好英文论文。
1. 研究和分析在撰写英文论文之前，必须进行充分的研究和分析。
这包括查阅相关的文献和研究成果，并将其整理成有逻辑性的论证链。
确定研究问题并进行深入的分析，以确保论文的内容有深度和独创性。
2. 结构和组织一个良好的英文论文应该具有清晰的结构和组织。
文章的开头应引起读者的兴趣，利用一个引人入胜的问题或令人难以置信的事实来捕捉读者的注意力。
在每个段落中，包括一个主题句，帮助读者理解自己的思路。
同时，确保论文的发展逻辑连贯，并且按照合理的顺序进行。
3. 使用正确的语法和拼写写作过程中，正确的语法和拼写是至关重要的。
定期检查文章中的拼写错误，并使用语法检查工具以确保文章的准确性。
此外，还要注意使用正确的时态和语气，避免使用口语或俚语表达，以保证文章的正式性和学术性。
4. 平衡引用和原创性在写作英文论文时，引用其他学者的观点和研究成果是非常重要的。
这可以帮助加强自己的论点，并向读者证明自己的研究的可靠性。
然而，在引用方面要谨慎，并确保通过恰当的方式引用，并标明出处。
此外，保持一定的原创性也很重要，通过自己的分析和见解来增加论文的独特性。
5. 编辑和润色阶段写完初稿后，不要急于提交。
先进行编辑和润色，以确保文章的质量和完整性。
在编辑过程中，注意逻辑和语法的错误，并对论文进行适当的调整和重组。
在润色阶段，重点关注文章的流畅性和细节，确保语言简洁且准确，以及用词精确。
6. 寻求反馈和建议最后，寻求反馈和建议是提高英文论文质量的关键步骤。
向同事、导师或其他专业人士寻求建议，并接受他们的批评和建议。
他们的反馈可以帮助你发现自己文章中的盲点和不足之处，并给出改进的方向。
通过不断修改和改进，最终得到一篇出色的英文论文。
总结起来，写好英文论文需要进行深入的研究，遵循良好的结构和组织，使用正确的语法和拼写，平衡引用和原创性，进行编辑和润色，并寻求反馈和建议。
写英文论文的几个小技巧（精选5篇）
写英文论文的几个小技巧（精选5篇）第一篇：写英文论文的几个小技巧小弟不才，迄今才撰写了三篇英文文章，但写作过程中也积累了一点经验，不敢敝帚自珍，今天也斗胆向各位虫友贡献一下。
我这几篇文章，不论内容如何，但每次审稿人对于语言的评价都是还不错的，well written，总结起来不外有三个小窍门：一是平时多积累。
我在日常读文献的时候，如果发现很好的句子句式，都会记录在一个文档里面，如下面的一段话，就是我在一篇文章的摘要中发现的：This paper describes the concept of sensor networks which has been made viable by the convergence of microelectro-mechanical systems technology, wireless communications and digital electronics.First, the sensing tasks and the potential sensor networks applications are explored, and a review of factors influencing the design of sensor networks is provided.Then, the communication architecture for sensor networks is outlined, and the algorithms and protocols developed for each layer in the literature are explored.Open research issues for the realization of sensor networks are also discussed.文章用词忌重复，中文如此，英文亦然。
很详细很具体的指导英文论文写作技巧
很详细很具体的指导英文论文写作技巧！英文论文写作谈技巧论文写作中常出现的语法问题1. 主语和谓语的单数和复数要一致英语中名词有它的单数和复数形式，动词也有它的单数和复数形式, 二者要一致 . 单数主语( subject) 名词要用动词(verb) 的单数(singular) 形式, 复数主语名词要用动词的复数(plural) 形式 . 我们写中文的不太习惯英语的这种写法, 很难做到不假思索地配对, 需要特别留心才能不出错误，特别是当主语名词和动词被分开时 . 试看下面的例句 .A high percentage of peptides that are made of amino acids are present in the sample.A high percentage 才是真正的主语，而不是邻近的amino acids , 所以应该用单数形式 .宜改为: A high percentage of peptides that are made of amino acids is present in the sample.让事情更复杂的是英语名词被分为不同的种类，其中的一类叫集合名词 . 它既可以当单数用词也可以当复数用 . 集合名词当整体来讲时是单数，每个成员作为个体时用复数 .The number of mice in the experiment was increased.A number of mice have died.All of the samples were analyzed.All of the safety procedures was strictly followed.代词none 既可以是单数也可以是复数 . 当none 后面的词是单数时, 用单数动词 . 当none 后面的词是复数时，用复数动词 . None of the information was useful.None of the animals were starved.描写数量，重量，体积，时间等的词用单数，但如果是分次添加或减少时用复数 . 在这个意义上同集合名词类似 .1.5 ml was added.10 g was added .6 hours was the required incubation time.5 g were added stepwise.简写的数量单位，如mg, ml, s 等，单数和复数的写法是一样的, 如1mg, 5 mg.一些词如series, type, portion, class, 要用单数形式 .A series of derivatives of penicillin was prepared.A large portion of the reports is focused on how to deal with the increased cost.Data, criteria, phenomena, media 是复数形式，他们的单数形式分别是datum, criterion, phenomenon, medium.2、修饰语同主语名词关系上要一致当用1 ) 动名词(gerund) ，2) 分词短句(participle) ，3) 不定式短句(infinitive) 作修饰语时，修饰语中的动词要同主句中的主语名词关系上要一致 .科技杂志论文中有这种语法错误的情况较多 . 严格来讲这只是种语法错误，一般不影响对句子的内容的理解，所以很多作者不太注意. 编辑和阅稿人有时也没有严格要求改正. 比如下面就是Nature 杂志2006 年第439 卷中的一个例子 .Using the enhancer GAL4/UAS expression system, short-term memory traces of aversive and appetitive olfactory conditioning have been assigned to output synapses of subsets of intrinsic neurons of the mushroom bodies.1) 动名词After finishing the purification, the activity of the isolated compound was then studied.We or I 是动名词finishing 形式上的主语，同主句的主语activity 不一致 .宜改为: After purification was finished, the activity of the isolated compound was then studied.或: After finishing the purification, we studied the activity of the isolated compound.Treated with the new drug, the blood cholesterol levels of participants were lowered by an average of 30%.宜改为: Treated with the new drug, participants showed an average of 30% decrease in their blood cholesterol levels.2) 分词短句The iron concentration was determined using the Fenton reaction method.The iron concentration 同using the Fenton reaction method 关系上不一致 .宜改为: The iron concentration was determined by the Fenton reaction method.或: We determined the iron concentration using the Fenton reaction method.When measuring the atmospheric level of carbon dioxide, air samples from a remote place, such as an island, is preferred.宜改为: When the atmospheric level of carbon dioxide is measured, air samples from a remote place, such as an island, is preferred. 3) 不定式短句To further investigate the potential role of biking in causing infertility, an expanded population of biking athletes was surveyed.不定式短语的形式主语是we or I ，同主句主语population 不一致 .宜改为: To further investigate the potential role of biking in causing infertility, we surveyed an expanded population of biking athletes.To confirm the diagnosis, blood test was ordered.宜改为: To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor ordered blood test.3.主语和主语的行动(谓语)在逻辑上要一致由于一些中文和英文的表达方式不同，把中文直接翻译成相应的英文会不讲 . 一个经常被引用的语句是“price is cheap ”. 中文可以说价格便宜, 但英文只能说价格高或低. 物品可以说cheap or expensive. 用中文的表达方式来写英文, 会出现主语和主语的行动在逻辑上不一致 . 在写一个句子时要注意行动的真正主语名词是什么 . 下面是一些例子 .The highest antibiotic production was obtained at 48 h.不是production 而是production yield.宜改为: The highest antibiotic production yield was obtained at 48 h.The scavenging activity for hydroxyl radicals was based on Fenton reaction.不是activity 而是assay of activity宜改为: The assay of scavenging activity for hydroxyl radicals was based on Fenton reaction.The pharmacological compounds of ginseng were identified.药物活性化合物应该是pharmacologically active compounds.宜改为: The pharmacologically active compounds of ginseng were identified.4、代名词和其代理的先行词要一致代名词和其代理的先行词要在人称,单数或复数,和性别上一致.一些常见的代词是: he, his ( 阳性单数); she, her ( 阴性单数); it, its ( 单数); they, their, these, those ( 复数); that, this ( 单数). 比如下面的例句中, compounds 和their 一致, protein 和it 一致 .Many related compounds were synthesized and their antivirus activities were studied.Growth hormone is a protein. It promotes human body growth.下面的例句中,the 应该用their 取代 .The potential antioxidant capacity of compound A and compound B could be deduced from the protective effects against oxidative stresses.宜改为: The potential antioxidant capacity of compound A and compound B could be deduced from their protective effects against oxidative stresses.用代名词时除了要保持一致外,还要避免代理不清的情况出现,以免不清楚它们到底指什么而引起误解．The crude sample was dissolved in water and extracted with organic solvent. It was then evaporatedto yield the product.It 指organic layer 还是指water layer? 不明确，最好不用it.宜改为：The crude sample was dissolved in water and extractedwith organic solvent. The organic layer was then evaporated to yield the product.During meal hormones are released after which blood flow increases in the stomach.Which 既可以代表meal 也可以代表hormones, 容易产生误解 . 宜改为：During meal hormones are released. After their release stomach blood flow increases.5、位置的强调作用在英语写作中，若要强调某件事情，就把它放在句子的前面 . 中文写作中, 有关句子的条件, 时间等的修饰句都是放在前面，而主句总是放在后面 . 而英文中即可以把条件或修饰句放在前面，也可以放在后面 . 放在前面就表示你要强调修饰句的条件 . 比如:Before the hurricane arrived, most of the people have moved out. Most of the people have moved out before the hurricane arrived. 在英语中两种位置关系都可以 . 前者强调在hurricane 来之前，后者强调moved out . 而在中文中，只有一种说法，反过来说” 大多数人都离开了在hurricane 来之前” 就不对了 . 按中文的位置关系直译成英文, 往往会不确切 . 同样按英文的位置关系直译成中文也是怪怪的 . 我上小学的孩子回家来喊“ 我要吃冰激凌今天, 我没吃好长时间了”, 就是英文“I want ice cream today. I have not eaten it for a long time.” 的直接翻译 .科技写作中，一般还是把主句先写出来，除非你想强调修饰的是条件．Through scavenging free radicals, antioxidants play an important role in protecting against complex diseases.宜改为：Antioxidants play an important role in protecting against complex diseases through scavenging free radicals.In microbial fermentation, phosphorus is commonly the major growth-limiting nutrient.宜改为：Phosphorus is commonly the major growth-limiting nutrient in microbial fermentation.主动句中事情的执行者( 作者) 放在前面，有强调事情的执行者( 作者) 的意思, 而不是要研究的事物 . 被动句强调要研究的事物, 这也是为什么科技论文中被动句用得比较多的原因之一 . We studied their effects on cell growth. 强调We.Their effects on cell growth were studied. 强调Their effects.6、修饰词和被修饰词要邻近科技写作要求严谨，明确.为了严格定义一个事物，往往要加上限制性的修饰词或短句.比如描写实验用的mice 时，一般不会只说mice ，而是用类似“NCI-H23 tumor bearing female athymic nude mice” 的描述 . 前面有5个修饰词来定义研究用的mice 这时一般把最窄的定义写在最前面，最广的定义写在后面.修饰语要靠近同被修饰的对象 . 因修饰语和被修饰的词被隔开，而造成意思混乱的情况很多 . 下面是一些例子 .Inhibition of Acid B on xanthine oxidase was also reported. Inhibition of 后面应紧跟xanthine oxidase , 而不是Acid B, 隔开后句子就很难读 .宜改为：Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by Acid B was also reported. The chelating activities for ferrous ion of the Acid B were assessed. The chelating activities 后面应紧跟Acid B , 而不是ferrous ion. 宜改为：The chelating activities of the Acid B for ferrous ion were assessed.Reducing power represents the electron donating capacity, which may serve as a significant indicator of potential antioxidant activity. 用which 开头的修饰句, 是要修饰reducing power , 而不是修饰electron donating capacity , 所以要紧跟在reducing power 后面 . 宜改为：Reducing power, which may serve as a significant indicator of potential antioxidant activity, represents the electron donating capacity. 或: Reducing power represents the electron donating capacity. It may serve as a significant indicator of potential antioxidant activity.7、主语和谓语在句子中的位置要靠近要使句子的可读性强, 有两个因素特别需要注意 . 一是句子的长短要合适 . 研究表明一个句子中有1 3-20 个字时最合适阅读 . 太短的句子有零碎的感觉，而太长的句子读起来有困难 . 二是主语和谓语动词要靠近 . 如果被隔开太远，就会有被隔离的感觉, 句子读起来就会比较困难，虽然从语法上来讲是可行的 . 这主要同人类大脑处理文字信息的过程和方式有关 . 当人们读到主语时，自然而然地期望知道主语后面的行动, 也就是结果 . 在行动( 谓语) 出现之前, 读者需要记住主语是什么，同时又要阅读和理解下面的文字，读起来很累 . 就像要屏住呼吸等待要发生的事情, 只有当谓语出现，知道了主题的行动后，才能呼出这口气 . 时间长了自然不舒服 .Lincomycin , one of the lincosamide antimicrobial agents which was first isolated more than fifty years ago , is used as a major antibiotic for the treatment of diseases caused by most Gram-positive bacteria.宜改为：Lincomycin is one of the lincosamide antimicrobial agents which were first isolated more than fifty years ago. It is used as a major antibiotic for the treatment of diseases caused by most Gram-positive bacteria.8、名词作形容词科技写作中经常会用名词来作为形容词使用，如room temperature, university researchers. 当用一个名词来修饰另一个名词时，意义一般都很清楚 . 但当三个名词放在一起，或两个名词前再加一个形容词时，就要小心 . 有的情况下, 3 个或3 个以上的名词放在一起，表达的意思很清楚，也是一种很简洁的表达方式 . 如:blood white cell number, prostate cancer patient, Beijing University medical school student. 但有时会有多种讲法. Top university researchers 可以是researchers of (only) top university 也可以是(all) university researchers who are top. 多个名词排在一起，即使表达明确，也给拥挤的感觉 . 应避免使用多个名词的修饰方式 . 最好的办法是用介词或其它方式来把他们分开, 以便清楚表达它们的修饰关系 . 多个名词罗列的情况经常发生，下面多举一些例子 .H e wrote the quality control group reports.宜改为：He wrote the reports of the quality control group.The patient showed chronic liver disease symptoms.宜改为：The patient showed symptoms of chronic liver disease. The human brain oxygen level is quite high.宜改为：The oxygen level in human brain is quite high.Their specific inhibition producing effects on fat containing food intake were assessed.宜改为：Their specific effects of inhibition on the intake of fat containing food were assessed.The present investigation evaluated various specific drug sample combinations.宜改为：The present investigation evaluated various combinations of specific drug samples-------分享，版权属于原作者。
sci论文英文写作技巧！
sci论文英文写作技巧！SCI论文对作者的英语水平要求非常高，一篇语言不够好的论文，即使内容再好也会被拒。
因此，作者在撰写SCI论文时，应以英文思维方式写作，注意中西语言表达的差异。
此外，请特别注意以下环节。
一、写作时态英语中谓语动词有16种时态，在英文科技论文中使用较多的主要有3种：一般现在时、一般过去时和将来时。
正确使用动词时态是科技写作的基本功，我们在写英文论文的时候，如果不能正确选择时态，往往会改变文章的意思，影响审稿人和读者的理解。
如何在科技论文中正确使用时态，首先要掌握以下三个基本要点：1.一般现在时：主要用于描述不受时间限制的客观事实，或描述撰写论文时发生或存在的感受、状态、关系等，或表达感谢等。
值得注意的是，出于尊重，凡是他人发表的研究成果在引用时一般使用一般现在时。
2.一般过去时：用于描述作者在论文中所做的工作。
例如，描述你的材料、方法和结果。
3.一般将来时：用于表示写完论文后的动作或存在状态。
比如提出下一步的研究方向。
二、写作语态在科技论文摘要的翻译中，最常用的语态是被动语态。
与主动语态相比，被动语态在科技文摘翻译中具有以下优势：1.科技论文往往需要介绍不以人的意志为转移的客观研究过程和实验结果，使用被动语态更能突出科学研究的客观性。
2.使用被动形式还可以避免提及动作的执行者，从而使动作的研究更具普遍性。
3.由于被动语态的特殊结构，在调整句式结构方面具有更大的灵活性，在增加词组结构、扩展句式信息的同时，有利于保持句式结构的平衡和整齐。
三、SCI论文中最有可能出现的词SCI论文并不要求论文满满的文采，关键是把作者的意思表达清楚，让别人看得懂。
SCI论文中经常出现的词包括动名词和动词，还有现在分词、不定冠词、代词、副词、介词等。
因此，大面用词与其他写法没有太大区别。
但是由于学术论文的学术风格，论文中用词非常正式。
在写作过程中，don’t、can’t及won’t等字眼是很忌讳的。
另外，由于中国人的写作习惯，很多作者经常会出现and so worth及and so on等等，这些词在写英文论文的时候是非常忌讳的。
非常全的SCI论文写法攻略 - 论文投稿 - 小木虫 - 学术 科研 第一站
Results：Sample characteristics; Univariate analyses; Bivariate analyses; Multivariate analyses.Tables and figures：No more than six tables or figures; Use Table 1 for sample characteristics (no P values); Put most important findings in a figure.Discussion：State what you found; Outline the strengths and limitations of the study; Discuss the relevance to current literature; Outline you r implications with a clear "So what?" and "Where now?"References：All citations must be accurate; Include only the most important, most rigorous, and most recent literature; Quote only published journal articles or books; Never quote "second hand"; Cite only 20-35 references.Formatting：Include the title, author, page numbers, etc. in headers and footers; Start each section on a new page; Format titles and subtitl es consistently; Comply with "Instructions to authors".1559349638(站内联系TA)二、英文写作的语言技巧1. Introduction：A. 如何指出当前研究的不足并有目的地引导出自己研究的重要性？在叙述前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，提出一种新方法或新方向。
研究生学术论文英文写作技巧
研究生学术论文英文写作技巧Research Paper Writing Techniques for Graduate StudentsAs graduate students, it is essential for us to develop strong skills in academic writing, particularly when it comes to writing research papers. Not only does effective writing contribute to our success in our academic endeavors, but it also plays a crucial role in our future careers as scholars. Therefore, in this article, we will explore some useful techniques in academic writing for graduate students, with a specific focus on English language papers.1. Understanding the Research Paper StructureA well-structured research paper is the foundation of effective academic writing. It is crucial to familiarize ourselves with the typical structure of a research paper, which includes an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Each section serves a specific purpose and must be carefully written to ensure clarity and coherence.2. Developing a Clear Thesis StatementAt the core of any research paper lies a well-defined thesis statement. A thesis statement outlines the main argument or purpose of the paper and guides the entire writing process. It should be concise, specific, and capable of being supported by evidence. To create a strong thesis statement, one must thoroughly understand the research topic and formulate an original perspective.3. Conducting Thorough Literature ReviewsA comprehensive literature review is essential for situating our research within the existing academic discourse. It involves examining relevant scholarly articles, books, and other sources to identify gaps, controversies, and trends in the chosen field. A well-conducted literature review not only demonstrates our knowledge of the subject but also helps us develop a solid theoretical framework for our research.4. Utilizing Academic Language and VocabularyFluency in academic English is crucial for conveying our ideas effectively. It is important to use appropriate academic language and vocabulary, as well as maintain a formal and objective tone throughout the paper. Avoiding excessive jargon and providing clear explanations of technical terms ensures that our research is accessible to a broader audience.5. Organizing Ideas and Developing Coherent ArgumentsA well-organized research paper presents ideas in a logical and coherent manner. To achieve this, it is advisable to create an outline before starting the actual writing process. The outline allows us to structure our thoughts, identify the main points, and ensure a smooth flow of ideas. Each paragraph should be focused and contribute to the overall argument of the paper.6. Properly Integrating and Citing SourcesAccurate and consistent citation is crucial to maintain academic integrity and avoid plagiarism. Familiarize yourself with the citation style required by your institution or discipline, such as APA, MLA, or Chicago. Whenever we use information or ideas from external sources, be it direct quotations orparaphrased content, it is important to provide proper in-text citations and include the full reference in the bibliography or reference list.7. Editing and ProofreadingThe final step in research paper writing is editing and proofreading. A well-edited paper demonstrates professionalism and ensures that our ideas are conveyed clearly. It is important to carefully review the paper for grammatical errors, sentence structure, clarity, and coherence. Peer feedback and consultations with faculty members can be extremely helpful in identifying areas for improvement.In conclusion, mastering the art of academic writing is crucial for graduate students, and it requires time, practice, and attention to detail. By familiarizing ourselves with the structure of research papers, developing clear thesis statements, conducting thorough literature reviews, utilizing academic language, organizing ideas coherently, properly citing sources, and engaging in meticulous editing and proofreading, we can enhance the quality and impact of our research papers. These techniques not only contribute to our success as graduate students but also lay the foundation for our future careers in academia.。
英文学术论文写作与发表技巧
英文学术论文写作与发表技巧Academic writing and publishing are vital skills for those who want to excel in the fields of education, research, and professional discourse. Writing an academic paper involves a complex process of research, analysis, formatting, and editing, whereas publishing requires understanding the intricacies of manuscript preparation, submission, and peer-review. This article aims to provide an overview of the key techniques for academic writing and publishing, starting from selecting a topic, organizing the paper, citation and referencing, formatting, and submitting the manuscript for publication.1. Selecting a topicThe first step in writing an academic paper is to identify and narrow down a topic. The topic should be specific, precise, and relevant to the discipline or field of study. A good starting point is to review the literature, identify gaps or areas of interest, and formulate research questions that can be answered through empirical evidence. The topic should also be feasible in terms of time, scope, and resources available for conducting a study.2. Organizing the paperOnce the topic has been selected, the next step is to organize the paper into sections, beginning with an introduction that provides context and background information on the topic, followed by a literature review that outlines previous studies and research gaps. The methodology section should describe the research design, sample size, data collection methods, and statistical analysisprocedures.The results section should present the findings in an objective and clear manner, whereas the discussion section should interpret the results, discuss their implications, and suggest future research directions. Finally, the conclusion should summarize the key findings, restate the research questions, and draw overarching conclusions.3. Citation and referencingCitation and referencing are essential for academic writing because they provide evidence of the sources that have been used in the research, indicate the credibility of the study, and enable readers to locate and access the cited sources. The citation style should be consistent throughout the paper, and conform to the guidelines of the particular discipline or journal.4. FormattingFormatting involves the presentation of the paper in a professional and readable format, including the use of headings, fonts, margins, and spacing. The paper should also conform to the guidelines of the particular journal or publisher, including the preferred referencing style, manuscript length, and format. Attention to detail in formatting can increase the chances of acceptance for publication.5. Submitting the manuscript for publicationOnce the manuscript has been completed, it should be reviewed for grammatical errors, clarity, coherence, and overall quality before submitting it for publication. The submission process involves selecting an appropriate journal or publisher, following the guidelines for manuscript preparation, and submitting the paper online or through email. The review process involves evaluation by the editorial board or peer-reviewers, who provide feedback on the quality, relevance, and contribution of the study. Based on the feedback, authors can revise and resubmit the manuscript, or withdraw it and submit it to another journal or publisher.In conclusion, academic writing and publishing require a systematic and disciplined approach that involves selecting a suitable topic, organizing the paper, citing and referencing sources, formatting, and submitting it for publication. With practice, patience, and attention to detail, authors can improve their writing and publishing skills, and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields.6. Tips for effective academic writing- Start with a clear and concise thesis statement that summarizes the main argument or research question, and guides the structure of the paper.- Use plain language and avoid technical jargon, unless it is necessary for clarity and precision.- Write in an objective and impersonal tone, avoiding personal opinions or emotions that may bias the interpretation of the data. - Use active voice and vary sentence structures to maintain reader engagement and clarity.- Follow the guidelines of the particular discipline or journal forcitation and referencing, which may include using footnotes, endnotes, or in-text citations.- Revise and proofread the paper multiple times, checking for grammar, spelling, punctuation, and formatting errors.- Seek feedback from colleagues, mentors, or writing tutors who can provide constructive criticism and suggestions for improvement.7. Tips for publishing academic papers- Select a journal or publisher that is reputable, relevant to the topic, and aligned with the research goals and scope.- Follow the guidelines for manuscript preparation and submission, which may include instructions for formatting, word count, file format, cover letter, and author declaration.- Choose appropriate keywords, abstract, and title that capture the essence of the study and attract readers' attention.- Engage in peer-review, which involves evaluating other scholars' papers and providing constructive feedback that can improve the quality and relevance of the research.- Stay up-to-date with the latest trends, debates, and theoretical frameworks in the field, by attending conferences, reading journals, and networking with peers.- Take advantage of social media, blogs, and online platforms to disseminate the findings and insights of the research to wider audiences, including policymakers, practitioners, and the general public.8. Challenges and opportunities in academic writing and publishingAcademic writing and publishing can be a rewarding but also challenging endeavour, as it requires dedication, perseverance, and continuous learning. Some of the challenges that scholars face include:- Time management, as writing and publishing can be time-consuming and require balancing multiple tasks and priorities.- Rejection and criticism, as not all papers get accepted for publication, and the feedback from reviewers can be rigorous and demanding.- Ethical considerations, such as plagiarism, data fabrication, and conflicts of interest, which can undermine the credibility and integrity of the research and authorship.However, there are also opportunities for growth, innovation, and impact in academic writing and publishing, such as:- Collaboration and teamwork, as scholars can benefit from exchanging ideas, collaborating on research projects, and co-authoring papers that showcase diverse perspectives and expertise. - Interdisciplinary and cross-cutting approaches, as academic writing and publishing can bridge different fields, methods, and theories, and contribute to solving complex and pressing social, economic, and environmental issues.- Open access and public engagement, as academic writing and publishing can involve making research findings and insights available to wider audiences, including policymakers, practitioners, and citizens, who can use them to inform their decisions and actions.In conclusion, academic writing and publishing are essential skills for scholars who aim to contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their fields, and communicate their ideas and insights to wider audiences. By following the key techniques and tips outlined in this article, scholars can improve their writing and publishing skills, overcome the challenges, and seize the opportunities of academic scholarship.。
英语专业本科生毕业论文指导策略
01 一、引言
03 三、结论
目录
02 二、指导策略 04 参考内容
一、引言
英语专业本科生毕业论文是衡量学生学术能力和专业知识的重要方式。毕业 论文的撰写要求学生具备深入的研究、分析和解决问题的能力，同时需要严格遵 循学术规范。因此，对于指导教师来说，提供适当的指导策略至关重要。本次演 示旨在探讨有效的英语专业本科生毕业论文指导策略，以帮助学生成功完成毕业 论文。
8、提供反馈和修改建议
在整个论文撰写过程中，为学生提供及时反馈和修改建议是很有帮助的。这 可以让他们了解自己的不足之处并改进自己的论文。反馈应该具体、明确，并针 对学生的具体问题提供解决方案和建议。此外，学生也应该被告鼓励多次修改他 们的论文以确保最终版本的的质量。
9、培养独立研究能力
撰写毕业论文的过程需要学生具备独立研究的能力。指导教师应通过鼓励学 生在整个过程中自我管理和自我监督来培养这种能力。这包括监督学生的研究进 度、组织定期会议以讨论研究进展和问题，并提供必要的指导和资源。
6、强调学术诚信
在指导过程中强调学术诚信非常重要。这包括遵守学术规范，避免抄袭和尊 重他人的研究成果。在撰写论文时，学生应明确引用其他人的观点和数据来源， 以确保他们不会被误认为抄袭者。同时，指导教师也应该向学生介绍如何避免抄 袭和遵守学校和学院的规定。
7、鼓励团队合作
团队合作是撰写毕业论文过程中的一个重要方面。鼓励学生与其他同学合作， 分享想法、讨论研究方法和解决问题是非常有益的。这不仅可以促进知识交流和 技能提升，还可以增强学生的团队合作能力。
二、毕业论文选题
首先，选题是毕业论文的关键环节。学生应从自己的兴趣和专业背景出发， 选择具有实际意义和价值的课题。此外，学生可以当前计算机科学领域的热点问 题，如人工智能、大数据、云计算、物联网等，结合自身实际情况进行选题。
英语作文关于如何写好论文
Writing a good academic paper is a skill that can be developed with practice and attention to detail.Here are some key steps to consider when crafting an excellent essay or research paper:1.Choose a Topic Wisely:Select a subject that is both interesting to you and relevant to your field of study.A wellchosen topic can make the writing process more enjoyable and the final product more engaging.2.Conduct Thorough Research:Begin by exploring various sources such as academic journals,books,and reputable websites.Make sure to take detailed notes and keep track of your references for proper citation.3.Create an Outline:Before you start writing,organize your thoughts and arguments in an outline.This will serve as a roadmap for your paper and help you maintain a logical flow of ideas.4.Develop a Strong Thesis Statement:Your thesis statement should clearly express the main argument or point of your paper.It should be concise,specific,and arguable, providing a clear direction for your essay.5.Write a Compelling Introduction:The introduction should grab the readers attention and provide a brief overview of what the paper will discuss.It should end with your thesis statement.6.Structure Your Body Paragraphs:Each paragraph should focus on a single argument or point that supports your e topic sentences to introduce each paragraph,and ensure that each point is backed up with evidence and analysis.e Credible Sources:Always cite your sources properly to avoid plagiarism and to lend credibility to your arguments.Make sure to use a consistent citation style throughout your paper.8.Revise and Edit:After writing your first draft,take the time to revise and edit your work.Look for clarity,coherence,and consistency in your arguments.Check for grammatical errors,typos,and awkward phrasing.9.Seek Feedback:Before finalizing your paper,ask peers,professors,or a writing center for feedback.Fresh eyes can often spot issues you might have missed.10.Proofread:The final step is to proofread your paper carefully.This is where you catchany lastminute errors and ensure that your paper is polished and professional.11.Follow Formatting Guidelines:Adhere to the formatting guidelines required by your institution or publication,including font size,margins,headings,and spacing.12.Include a Bibliography or Works Cited:List all the sources you have cited in your paper,following the appropriate citation style APA,MLA,Chicago,etc..13.Write a Concluding Paragraph:Your conclusion should summarize your main points and restate your thesis in a new way.It should also provide a sense of closure to your argument.e Transitions:Smooth transitions between paragraphs and sentences help to guide the reader through your argument and make your paper more cohesive.15.Stay Focused:Throughout the writing process,stay focused on your thesis and ensure that every point you make is relevant to your central argument.By following these steps and dedicating time to the writing process,you can craft a wellstructured,persuasive,and academically rigorous paper.。
英语毕业论文研究方法
英语毕业论文研究方法英语毕业论文研究方法在英语专业的学习过程中，毕业论文是一项重要的任务。
它不仅要求学生深入研究一个特定的主题，还需要运用适当的研究方法来支持论点和结论。
本文将介绍几种常用的英语毕业论文研究方法，帮助学生更好地完成自己的研究工作。
一、文献综述法文献综述法是一种常见的研究方法，它通过查阅相关文献来了解和分析已有的研究成果。
首先，学生需要明确自己的研究目标和问题，然后利用图书馆、学术期刊和数据库等资源，收集与研究主题相关的文献。
在阅读文献的过程中，学生需要筛选和整理有用的信息，并分析不同研究者的观点和结论。
最后，学生可以根据文献综述的结果，提出自己的研究观点和论证。
文献综述法的优点在于可以帮助学生了解已有研究的现状和发展趋势，从而为自己的研究提供理论基础。
然而，这种方法也存在一些限制。
由于文献的数量庞大，学生需要花费大量的时间和精力来查找和阅读文献。
此外，文献综述法往往只能提供已有研究的结论，而缺乏原始数据的支持。
二、问卷调查法问卷调查法是一种常用的实证研究方法，它通过设计和分发问卷来收集研究对象的意见和观点。
在使用问卷调查法之前，学生需要明确自己的研究目标和问题，并设计合适的问题和选项。
然后，学生可以通过面对面、邮件或在线方式向研究对象发送问卷，并收集和分析回答结果。
最后，学生可以根据问卷调查的结果，得出结论并提出建议。
问卷调查法的优点在于可以快速收集大量的数据，并且可以涵盖广泛的研究对象。
此外，问卷调查法还可以帮助学生了解研究对象的态度和行为，从而更好地解释和预测现象。
然而，问卷调查法也存在一些局限性。
由于问卷调查往往是自陈式的，研究对象可能存在回答不真实或者主观偏见的可能。
此外，问卷调查法需要学生具备一定的调查设计和数据分析能力。
三、实地调研法实地调研法是一种通过实地观察和采访来收集数据的研究方法。
学生可以选择到实际场景中进行观察和记录，或者与相关人士进行面对面的访谈。
在实地调研之前，学生需要明确自己的研究目标和问题，并制定合适的观察和采访计划。
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第一部分：选题与创新一、先想先写最后做:1. 做研究之前，必须想清楚：结果能不能发表？发表在哪里？2. 先把文章大框写好，空出数据，等做完实验填完空就可以发了；正所谓心中有沟壑！3. 在未搞清“写什么、发哪里、自己研究与同类研究有何出色之处”之前，就不要动手做！4. 继续去看文献，去想；想不清楚就做还不如不做！5. 要想这样做，就得先看文献！要知道如何把文章架起来、要知道别人是如何讨论的、要知道自己的数据是不是说明了与别人不同的东东或别人没有做过……这个过程就是阅读文献及思考的过程，这些搞清楚了，写就简单了！6. 要是先做事，做完发现别人做过，或无法用理论来解释，岂不是冤大头？二、如何科学选题:1. 课题选择和国际接轨。
想在国际核心期刊发表文献，就必须了解国际研究动态，选择与国际学术研究合拍的课题。
由于多方面因素的影响，我国科学研究选题与国际先进水平还有一定距离。
我国一家权威科研机构不久前在国内挑选了许多前沿领域的研究课题，准备参与国际合作，但到美国后发现近三分之二的课题已经不属前沿，在美国很少有人研究。
在高校，一些教师治学严谨、基础扎实，但科研成果不突出，重要原因就是不重视有关领域学术动态，不能选得合适的课题。
2. 课题要有可发展性。
课题可发展性对高水平论文的持续产出具有极大作用。
中国科技大学范洪义另辟蹊径，发展了诺贝尔奖得主狄拉克(Dirac)奠定的量子论的符号法，系统地建立了“有序算符内的积分理论”，1998年有24篇论文被SCI收录；他对自己论文高产的解释是，研究“具有开创性，突破一点以后就可以向纵深发展，使研究工作自成系列、成面成片”。
我院被SCI收录论文最多的杨新民老师从事凸性理论研究，该理论兴起于20世纪70年代，90年代进入高峰。
作为新兴研究领域，该理论本身有许多尚待研究之处，同时该理论也可用来解决最优化方面的问题。
反之，有人由于所接触的问题已处于该研究分支的末端，即使在该点上有所突破，也难持续发展。
3. 借助工具选题：①查阅有关领域的检索工具，这些工具各高校都有；②了解SCI收录期刊所反映的科技动态，ISI期刊信息可从查获，也可从SCI印刷版每期Ａ、Ｄ分册的来源出版物目录(Lists of Source Publications)查找，还可从ISI引用期刊报告(Journal CitationReports，简称JCR)了解期刊信息，该文献有印刷版、网络版(JCR on the Web)和光盘版(JCR on CD-ROM)；③利用ISI提供的选题工具帮助，例如，能对正在开展的工作进行量化分析以保证用户科学研究同科学发展趋向一致的(Essential Science Indicators)，介绍有关最杰出人物研究状况、有关领域研究热点和发展趋向的(ISI Highly )；④利用网上数据库了解国际学术研究动态及有关资料。
只要有心参与国际学术竞争，选择与国际学术研究接轨的课题并不存在难以克服的障碍。
三、如何获得好的idea无论是临床还是基础科研，最关键的是idea，idea的出台决定了科研水平和档次。
高水平的科学家一听你的科研课题和方向，就能判断你科研水平。
因此，获得好的idea是至关重要的。
1. 优秀科学家要具备敏锐的科研嗅觉，而这种敏锐性是经过长期的思考和实践获得的。
通过几天或半个月的苦思苦想得到了一个自以为很好的idea，很可能是别人十几年前就做过的工作。
但新手上路时重复一些经典实验以获得经验是很正常的。
此外，科研要注重质量，千万不要为单纯地追求数量而令懂行的人嘲笑。
如何获得idea呢？A. 大量地、仔细地阅读文献，多听学术报告、多与同行探讨，从中获得启示，不能急于求成。
B. 总结感兴趣领域内尚未探讨过但很有意义的课题；C. 总结争论性很强的问题，反复比较研究方法和结论，从中发现切入点；D. 善于抓住科研过程中遇到的难以解释的问题，往往会成为思维的闪光点；E. 细致地拟定方案，论证可行性。
2. 获得idea的两种途径：传统途径就是先阅读大量科研论文，弄清目前的研究现状和要解决的问题等；非传统的途径是自己先冥思苦想一段时间，有了自己的idea后再去查文献。
这样不会让以往的研究限制你的思维，不失为一个很好的方法。
别人没作过的东西，也许不是因为别人没想到，而是因为没有意义或者没有可能性。
3. 获得良好idea的基础前提：A. 在科研前必须弥补基础知识，这是看懂文献的基础：《生物化学》《细胞生物学》《基因VIII》必看(先看中文版翟中和《细胞》王境岩《生化》赵寿元《遗传》朱玉贤《分子》；再看英文的Albez 《cell》赖宁格《biochemistry》还有经典的《gene 8》)。
B. 广泛阅读文献是支撑。
硕士至少查阅600篇，粗看300篇，细看100篇，研读50篇。
博士至少再多一倍，并始终关注国际动态。
《nature》《science》《cell》《PNAS》《JBC》《MBC》《Genes & Development》不放过，SCI-3分以上期刊应该耳熟能详！C. 学会阅读文献，读懂文章。
建议先review再article，先中后英；中文只看《科学通报》《中国科学》，其他不看；看10－20篇review后看研究性论文。
拿到一篇研究性论文，先看标题，立即停住，问自己几个问题：(1)想想别人这文章是怎么做的(可参考材料方法)？会做哪些内容来说明其标题？(2)明白他为什么要做这个吗？(3)如文章是近半年内发表的，该文章解决了什么问题？引出了什么问题(结合你看的综述)？接下来仔细看摘要，就知道你的想法是否与别人吻合？(4)看完实验结果，再思考有什么地方不完善？有没有深入或拓展到底？一般来说，SCI-3分以下的文章只可能做了一部分机理，下面肯定有东西可做，关键是你自己要思考，去发现。
4. 长期作战持之以恒。
做好上面所述要求肯定会有所谓idea，但过程艰辛，需长时间磨练，需要patience和passion。
有天赋的人能考上海中科院生命科学院，北京中科院那几个所，北大、清华。
耐心干5年，这些地方正为中国带来更多本土nature、science文章。
四、博士如何出牛文章？1. 几点忠告：多看paper没有坏处；多找非老板的其他人，如其他教授，post doctor，前辈师兄等讨论，借鸡下蛋；可以动手的东西容易上手，比如软件等；找机会去开会，认认牛人，不发paper，做做volunteer，或者参加PhD symposium之类。
主动参加seminar，自己讲几次看过的paper，最好自己组织一个topic拉几个师兄弟和post doctor参加，注意找几本教科书看看，打好基础。
2. 如何获得IDEA:A. 需对研究的领域有一个全局性了解，按老板的话说是要有bird eye。
B. 要有bird eye，需比较全面地阅读本领域文章。
读文章要其idea，总结成一句话，并用卡片记录好，分类整理。
如果把别人文章的idea总结成一句话，就容易理解它的本质，也好作变化。
C. 读了很多文章后，可以写一个special study，将读过的本领域东西系统总结在一起，相当于你的综合理解，也就是bird eye看到的东西了。
以后翻阅起来也相当方便。
D. 用心分析对于别人的idea，任何一个idea都有weakness；想办法解决它，那就成自己idea。
最好的办法就是看大牛的paper，无论他有多牛，他的文章总是在说一个方面，总有其他东西没有包括进去，把他的文章认真精读了，总会发现漏洞和不足或不全面之处，然后你就知道怎么做了。
记住：每篇文章几乎都有没有考虑完全的东西。
E. 时不时阅读更广泛领域的东西，扩大bird eye范围，对领域外的感兴趣的文章进行copy收藏，这个叫walk around a little bit，很多领域外的东西可以借鉴、学科交叉从而产生new idea。
F. 经常跟牛人、博士后或高年级博士等有思想的人(最好不是相同专业，而是相关专业或交叉学科) 讨论，也容易出idea。
再有就是，关注其他专业的书籍、杂志等信息，从中获取交叉创新idea。
第二部分：构思与撰文一、写作框架和各部分要求Title: Be short, accurate, and unambiguous; Give your paper a distinct personality; Begin with the subject of the study.Introduction: What is known; what is unknown; why we did this study?Methods: Participants, subjects; Measurements; Outcomes and explanatory variables; Statistical methods. Results: Sample characteristics; Univariate analyses; Bivariate analyses; Multivariate analyses.Tables and figures: No more than six tables or figures; Use Table 1 for sample characteristics (no P values); Put most important findings in a figure.Discussion:State what you found; Outline the strengths and limitations of the study; Discuss the relevance to current literature; Outline your implications with a clear "So what?" and "Where now?" References: All citations must be accurate; include only the most important, most rigorous, and most recent literature; Quote only published journal articles or books; Never quote "second hand"; Cite only 20-35 references.Formatting: Include the title, author, page numbers, etc. in headers and footers; Start each section on a new page; Format titles and subtitles consistently; comply with "Instructions to authors".二、英文写作的语言技巧1. Introduction：A. 如何指出当前研究的不足并有目的地引导出自己研究的重要性？在叙述前人成果之后，用However来引导不足，提出一种新方法或新方向。