ETS公布的GRE阅读选项原则

ETS公布的GRE阅读选项原则为各位考生整理了ETS公布的GRE阅读选项原则，供考生们参考使用，更多GRE辅导请继续关注新东方网GRE频道。

1. 正确选项：(1)同义变换。

即将原文中的某一句话用另一种说法表达，也就是英文中的paraphrase。

如将文章中的"many wind-pollinated species fail to release pollen when wind speeds are low or when humid conditions prevail.”换成选项中的“Pollen is sometimes not released by plants when there is little wind"。

其中包括三种类型：变换同义词，变换句型，变化同根词的词性。

以下分别论述，请注意表格中的斜体字。

2.错误选项：对于GRE阅读文章中更大量的错误选项，ETS也形成了一套固定的规则。

以下笔者就用实例来说明错误选项编制的规则：(1)混偏反无。

1)混: 此类选项的错误可以形象地概括为：“张冠李戴”。

如下例：文章："...unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses"GRE阅读考试题目：The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to(A) experience frustration but not serious financial harm(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses (本题问大公司如果没有使投标转化为订单将引起什么结果。

而这恰恰是小公司的特点。

)(C) have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government(D) increase its spending with minority subcontractors(E) revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts2)偏：意即选项中所包含的逻辑范畴与原文不符。

包括”以偏概全“ 以及”以全概偏”。

请看下文：Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediatepredecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of a Black community. But Marshall extended the analysis of Black female characters begun by Hurston and Brooks by depicting her heroine’s development in terms of the relationship between her Barbadian American parents, and by exploring how male and female roles were defined by their immigrant culture, which in turn was influenced by the materialism of White America. By placing characters within a wider cultural context, Marshall attacked racial and sexual stereotypes and paved the way for explorations of race, class, and gender in the novels of the 1970’s.GRE阅读题目：The passage is primarily concerned with(A) comparing the works of three Black American authors(B) describing common themes in Black American literature(C) discussing an important work in Black American literature(D) providing insights about Black American literature in the early twentieth century(E) providing historical information about the writing of Black American novels in the second half the twentieth century分析：此文描述并评价了美国黑人文学史上一部优秀的著作。

而其中的D，E选项中的“Black American literature”以及“the writing of Black American novels”无疑扩大了原文的逻辑涵盖的范围，即属于“以全概偏”。

于是不予选择。

3)反：即选项中的内容与文章内容相反。

文章：“....Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depictio n of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of a black community......”题目：According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’ lives(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century(C) used Black communities as the settings for their novels(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered in White culture(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women分析：从文章中得知：“马歇尔已经摆脱了抗议小说所一贯描绘的受压迫并且带有悲剧色彩的女主人公形象”。

但是B选项却说道：“马歇尔深深地受到二十世纪早期抗议小说的影响”，明显与原文意思相反。

再如：It can be inferred that the author of the passage would describe Brown Girl, Brownstones as being(A) completely different from novels written before 1959(B) highly influenced by novels written in the early twentieth century(C) similar to the protest novels that preceded it(D) importa nt in the late 1950’s but dated today(E) an important influence on novels written in the 1970’s分析：C选项“与之前的抗议小说类似” 与原文意思相反。

而B选项的“深受二十世纪早期小说的影响”从文章无法推测出。

4)无：即提到文章中未涉及的内容。