英语快速阅读技巧(附答案)

快速阅读技巧
快速阅读要求在15分钟内完成一篇1200字左右的文章和后面的10道题。

前面7个题是判断正误(包括NOT GIVEN)，后3个是填空题(答案基本都是原文中出现的原词)。

从文章的篇幅和题目的设置都让我们感觉到，在复习阶段必须有意识地培养快速阅读能力，以便有效地应对这个部分的测试。

快速阅读能力的提高固然有赖于在大量阅读中逐步的积累。

但是，在平时的训练的时候，应该注意通过对逻辑关系、标点符号乃至一些特征语言信息点，乃至寻读等方法的积极运用，实现文章主旨的快速把握，并对随后的题目作出有效的判断和填写。

一、逻辑关系在快速阅读中的运用
快速阅读理解能力的提高是有一定方法可循的，为此应该尤其注意文章逻辑关系在快速阅读中的运用。

逻辑关系散布在文章的句子内部、句句之间、以及段落之间。

最基本的逻辑关系有以下几种：
1、因果关系：as a result ，therefore，hence，consequently，because, for, due to, hence, consequently等等。

2、并列、递进关系：and, or, then，in addition，besides，in other words，moreover 等等
3、转折关系：however，but, yet, in fact等等。

这些我们其实已经很熟悉的逻辑提示词在文章中起的效果，并非仅仅是衔接文章的句子，从阅读的角度来看，其实同时在给我们某种提示，告诉我们哪些句子是有效信息，相对重要的信息，哪些信息是相对不重要的信息，因为我们在处理文章的时候，有一条清晰的思路，你不是为了完整翻译文章而进行阅读，而是为了获取主旨来阅读。

例如样题中的第一段：You have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You don’t think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and w orkers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You don’t have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up.
我们注意到，在该段尾部出现了“But”。

这里的“But”，说明作者陈述的内容的逻辑主旨发生了变化，因此，转折逻辑词之前的信息就变得不重要了，简单的处理方法是可以仅保留阅读转折词之后的信息。

相应地，并列、递进关系词，意味着它们前后衔接的信息从主旨的体现上没有发生变化，而更多的表现为前后句子主旨的相似性，所以我们选择其中的一半进行阅读。

这样，在保证了
阅读质量的基础上，也极大地提高了阅读速度。

如样题中“How Is a Landfill Operated?”一段中：
Along the site, there are drop-off stations for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill. A multi-material drop-off station is used for tires, motor oil, lead-acid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled.
In addition, there is a household hazardous waste drop-off station for chemicals (paints, pesticides, other chemicals) that are banned from the landfill. These chemicals are disposed of by private companies.
注意到“In addition”，该词的出现意味着其后内容和上一段信息主旨基本一致，可以放弃本句的阅读。

二、标点符号在快速阅读中的运用
可以运用标点符号(破折号、小括号、冒号)了解不认识的词汇或句子的含义。

因为这些标点符号的出现就是为了更进一步地其前的信息。

但同时，由于快速阅读用词相对比较简单，很容易理解和把握标点前的被解释信息，所以，可以将这些标点符号后面的信息删除，从而更加快速地把握文章的主旨。

例如样题中有下列信息：
Dump—an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most people’s idea of a land fill!) Landfill—carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil.
• Sanit ary landfill—land fill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environment
• Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill—landfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environment
注意到在“Dump”、“ Landfill”之后分别有一个破折号，如果我们已经明白该标点的意义就在于后面的信息对前者进一步进行解释，那么就可以在明白这些单词基本含义的基础上，放弃其后信息的阅读，因为，阅读理解，我们更强调的是对文章主旨信息的把握，而不是具体的细节信息。

阅读材料
There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is, in part, a
familiar disease. Since families have similar genes as well as similar environments, familiar diseases could be due to shared genetic influences, to shared environmental factors, or to both. For some years, the role of one environmental factor commonly shared by families, namely dietary salt(i.e., sodium chloride), has been studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory. These studies suggest that chromic excess salt ingestion can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals. Some individuals, however, and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure. No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments, some salt-fed animals never developed hypertension whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertension followed by early death. These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution.
By mating is successive generations only those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt ingestion, a resistant strain(the "R" Strain)has been evolved in which consumption of large quantities of salt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly. In contrast, by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt, a sensitive strain("S" strain)has also been developed.
The availability of these tow strains permits investigations not heretofore possible. They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human prototypes of hypertension. More important, there might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susceptibility of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance. Radioactive sodium 22 was an important "tool" in working out the characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism.
1.The study of the effects of salt on high blood pressure was carried out ______.
a. as members of the same family tend to use similar amounts of salt
b. to explore the long-term use of a sodium based substance
c. because it was proven that salt caused high blood pressure
d. because of the availability of chemically pure salt and its derivatives
2.The main difference between "S" and "R" rats is their ______.
a. need for sodium 22
b. rate of mating
c. reaction to salt
d. type of blood
3.We can infer from the article that sodium 22 can de used to ______.
a. control high blood pressure
b. cure high blood pressure caused by salt
c. tell the "S" rats from the "R" rats
d. determine what a sodium chloride metabolism is like
4.The most beneficial results of the research might be ______.
a. development of diets free of salt
b. an early cure for high blood pressure
c. control of genetic agents that cause high blood pressure
d. the early identification of potential high blood pressure victims
5.Which of the statements best relates the main idea of this article?
a. When salt is added rats and human beings react similarly.
b. The near future will see a cure for high blood
c. The medical field is desperately in need of research.
d. A tendency toward high blood pressure may be a hereditary factor.
答案：acddd
常用快速阅读技巧《鉴别阅读法》
鉴别阅读法是一种快速提炼文章的段意，主要内容以及中心思想的阅读方法.鉴别阅读法分为三个步骤：首先要划分出文章的段落，迅速划出段落的中心句，重点句，或用自己的语言概括出段意．其次，连接各段的段意，分析文章的重点句，段，归纳主要内容．最后，在阅读过程中，要留意文章的题目，开头段，结尾段以及文章的议论部分，从中概括出中心思想。

鉴别阅读法实际上就是通过以行三个步骤来掌握文章的重要信息，而无需一字不漏的通读全文。

概括段意
概括段意常用的几种方法
１．用段的中心句概括段意一段文章中，往往有一个高度概括段的主要内容的句子，即中心句。

全段围绕中心展开叙述。

中心句或在开头，或在结尾，或在中间。

只有抓住中心句，才能简练，准确地概括段意。

２．用文章的重点句概括段意。

在有的文章段落中，作者在叙述事实以后，用抒情议论的方法，写出了自己的感性体会。

这些感想，往往概括出全文的主旨，点明了段的中心意思。

阅读时可以直接引用为段的段意。

３．用自己的语言概括段意。

在许多的文章段落中，往往找不到中心句，也没有作者的抒情，这样就必须认真地阅读全段内容，把中心句归纳，总结出来，用自己的话概括段意。

步骤是：首先这一段共讲了几句话；然后分析是几层意思来叙述的，每一层都写了什么内容，全段主要叙述了什么问题。

这样逐句逐层的阅读，分析，就可以概括出段的大意了．
抓住文章的主要内容
归纳文章的主要内容十分段理解课文后，综合理解全文的必不可少的步骤。

抓住文章的主要内容，要有一定的理解能力，概括能力，同时也要
掌握一定的方法。

１．研究题目，把握主要内容。

有时文章的题目已经点出了文章的主要内容，把题目稍加扩展，就能归纳出文章的主要意思来。

２．连接每段段意就是文章的主要内容。

段意是一段文章主要内容的概括，把每段段意连接起来就是一篇文章的主要内容。

所以，从归纳段意
入手，是抓住一篇文章主要内容的方法之一。

３．分析重点句，段，归纳主要内容。

从文章中找出重点句，把这些句子连接起来，就是文章的主要内容。

一篇文章中，往往有重点段落，对表达文章的中心思想起着重要作用，阅读时要加以重视。

归纳中心思想
阅读一篇文章，要参照阅读程序进行。

虽然文章的体裁不同，类型不同，但应该相对稳定的保持“综合－分析－综合”的阅读程序。

也就是按
照先浏览全文，了解段落大意，随后逐段分析和捉摸关键的字，词，句，弄清段落大意和各段关系，随后概括出全文的中心思想。

怎样概括文章的中心思想呢？
１．要分析一篇文章的题目。

文章的题目往往是画龙点睛之笔，有时就是中心思想的高度概括。

２．要重视文章的开头和结尾。

文章的开头和结尾，往往显露了全文的中心。

阅读时要认真地分析它们与内容之间的关系。

３．留意文章的议论部分。

有些文章采用了夹叙夹议的方法，这些议论含蓄的点出文章的中心思想。

阅读这类文章时，特别要注意其中的议论部分。

４．体会主要内容，概括中心思想。

有些文章的中心思想不那么明显，暗含在文章所叙述的事物之中。

只有深思一步才能领会作者的写作意图。

读这类文章，必须对关键的词，句，段深入理解，统观全文，透过现象看本质才能准确地总结出文章的中心思想。

人的大脑具有选择和压缩信息的功能，鉴别阅读法正是利用了大脑思维的之一特点，通过寻找文章的段意，主要内容，中心思想。

运用鉴别阅读法时对文章提供的信息进行加工整理，去粗取精，以达到广泛获得知识的目的。

在运用鉴别阅读法时，精力必须高度集中，大脑处于积极的思维状态才能保证阅读的质量。

掌握它有一个练习的过程，初学阶段可以不求快，运用熟练了，阅读的速度自然会加快。

快速阅读训练
In this section there are five passages followed by ten questions or unfinished statements. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on
your ANSWER SHEET.
TEXT E
First read the following question.
1. The purpose of the passage is to_____.
A. describe ways of eliminating mosquito larvae
B. demonstrate the great differences among kinds of mosquitoes
C. show reasons for the high survival rate of mosquitoes
D. give a general description of mosquito development
Now read Text E quickly and mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET.
Each variety of mosquitoes has its favored kind of water accumulation for breeding, and almost every imaginable type of still water has been used by at least one kind of mosquito to lay its eggs. After the eggs hatch, the larvae continue to be closely associated with water’s surface at the tail ends of their bodies. Because the larvae develop this way, they are never found in the open water of lakes where they would merely serve as fish food, or in places where they would be damaged by wave action or water currents.
TEXT F
First read the following questions.
2. The main idea of the passage is ______.
A. how to play tennis
B. how to win a tennis match
C. the general introduction of the game
D. what is a game in tennis
3. The author drives his point home by______.
A. giving the details
B. explaining step by step
C. offering strong proofs
D. making vivid descriptions
Now read Text F quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.
Let’s talk about tennis between just two players. You know that the two players hit a ball across the net. One side must hit the ball so that the other player cannot hit it back over the net. The ball must stay within the lines. If the first player can’t do this, the opponent gets a point. The players always stop when one wins a point. To start play again, one player will serve. He or she throws the ball into the air and hits it. The ball must cross the net without hitting it. The other player must hit the ball back across the net before it hits the ground twice. If the ball doesn’t hit the net or the ground twice, the players keep hitting it over the net. This goes on until someone misses. A player needs four points to win a game. If both players have three points, then one must get two more points together to win. When one player wins six games, it is called a set. If each side wins five games, then one must win two more games together to win the set. If each player wins six games, they play one more game of seven points. A match usually has three or five sets.
TEXT G
First read the following question.
4. While at London airports, you have to present your passport at______.
A. the carousel
B. the Immigration Hall
C. the customs
D. the Arrivals Hall
Now read Text G quickly and mark your answer on your ANSWER SHEET.
Arriving at London airports. Just follow these simple steps for a trouble free arrival. Follow the ARRIVALS sign if you are ending your journey in London or transferring to a UK domestic flight. This will take you to the Immigration Hall where you must present your passport and any necessary visa/health documentation.
At HEATHROW airport proceed downstairs to claim your baggage from the carousel indicating your flight number. At GATEWICK airport proceed downstairs in the North Terminal to claim your baggage from the carousel indicating your flight number. Free trolleys are available for your bags. To clear customs take the Red Channel if you have goods to declare or the Green Channel if you have no goods to declare. You will then be in the Arrivals Hall. From here you can obtain transport into central London; transfer between GATEWICK and HEATHROW airports and transfer to UK domestic flights. TEXT H
First read the following questions.
5. The total amount of cooking time for each vegetable is______.
A. 4 minutes for the potatoes and 10 minutes for the cucumber
B. 10 minutes for the potatoes and 4 minutes for the cucumber
C. 4 minutes for the cucumber and 14 minutes for the potatoes
D. 14 minutes for the cucumber and 4 minutes for the potatoes
6. Which of the following statements agrees with the menu directions?
A. The dish is enough to go round.
B. Four serving spoons are needed.
C. The dish is to be shared by four persons.
D. Four guests can help themselves to the dish.
7. According to this recipe, ______.
A. parsley, salt and pepper are to be added by a sprinkler
B. the dish has to be properly seasoned with salt and pepper
C. parsley is used for decoration
D. the dish must be tossed to everybody’s taste
Now read Text H quickly and mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET. Recipe
Potatoes and Cucumber with Parsley
2 potatoes, about 3/4 pound
1 cucumber, about 3/4 pound
1 tablespoon butter
1 tablespoon finely chopped parsley
Salt and pepper to taste
Peel the potatoes. Split them in half lengthwise, then cut into quarters.
Put the potatoes in a small skillet with water to cover. Bring to the boil and cook about 10 minutes.
Meanwhile scrape the cucumber. Cut it into 11/2 inch lengths. Cut each length in half.
When the potatoes have cooked 10 minutes, add the cucumbers. Cook about four minutes. Drain.
Add the butter to the vegetables and toss. Sprinkle with parsley, salt and pepper to taste and serve. Yielding: 4 servings.
TEXT I
First read the following questions.
8. How does a student know what the homework assignments are?
A. Prof. Klammer announces them in class.
B. The student reads the list on the next page.
C. Prof. Klammer gives a list every week in class.
D. The student goes to the professor’s office and asks.
9. If a freshman thinks that he might major in history, what is the maximum length his paper can be?
A. Fifteen pages.
B. Twenty five pages.
C. Ten pages.
D. No maximum.
10. If a student cannot see Prof. Klammer during her office hours, what should he do?
A. See her after class.
B. Call her at home.
C. Ask another student.
D. Make an appointment with her.。